International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献_第5页

Study on surrounding rock thermal physical properties on thermal comfort in a ventilated underground refuge chamber

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109755

Hang Jin , Zujing Zhang , Jiri Zhou , Ruiyong Mao , Hongwei Wu , Xing Liang

Thermal comfort of underground buildings is related to human health, surrounding rock is a core factor determining the underground thermal environment. However, previous studies have rarely focused on the impact of surrounding rock conditions on thermal comfort. To explore the impact mechanism of surrounding rock conditions on the thermal comfort distribution of underground buildings, this paper establishes a numerical model of a 30-person underground refuge chamber (URC) based on Fluent. Apply an ice storage device to URC for experimentation to verify the accuracy of the model. Four factors are selected, including ventilation rate (VR), surrounding rock thermal conductivity, density and specific heat capacity. Using a user defined function (UDF) program, four thermal comfort indicators are evaluated under cooling compressed air: average air temperature, head-to-foot temperature difference, PMV-PPD, and draft rate (DR). The results show that: (Ⅰ) When the VR is 360 m³/h and the average inlet temperature of the device is 24.18 °C, the average outlet temperature of the device is 15.63 °C within 24 h, the average air temperature controlled by URC is maintained at 27.00 °C; (Ⅱ) DR increases with the increase of VR, when the VR exceeds 360 m³/h, the DR at ground level exceeds 40 %, and the draft sensation is unsatisfactory; (Ⅲ) The average air temperature, head-to-foot temperature difference, and PMV-PPD values in the URC decrease with the increase of VR, surrounding rock thermal conductivity, density and specific heat capacity, gradually approaching a comfortable state of thermal sensation.

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引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical study on the influence of circular, oblong, teardrop and beetle pin fins on the enhancement of heat transfer in a wedge channel

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109751

Venkatesh Goveraiahgari, Meenakshi Reddy Reddygari

Gas turbine blade cooling is necessary to improve turbine longevity and efficiency. Specifically, wedge-shaped channels are typically used for internal cooling at the trailing edge. The trailing edge of a turbine blade is constantly exposed to the most severe conditions. Based on both experimental and computational analyses, this study suggests using various shaped pin fins, such as teardrop, circular, beetle, and oblong pin fins, to increase the channel's heat transmission efficiency. Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the k-ω turbulence model are used throughout the work to conduct the research. The research entails a numerical analysis of the channel's heat transmission and pressure drop properties, contrasting them with the cases of circular, teardrop, oblong, and beetle shapes over a range of Reynolds numbers, from 10,000 to 80,000. The wedge channel is comprised of three rows of interrupted pin fins that are circular, tear-drop, oblong, and beetle shaped. The investigation revealed that staggered arrangement of beetle pin fins affects flow pattern and heat transfer properties differently. The results show that 6.66 % increase in heat transfer than circular, 6.25 % lesser than oblong and 20.83 % lesser than teardrop pin fins. The drop in pressure is 76.25 % less than with the circle pin fins. Because of this, the thermal efficiency factor goes up by 29.4 % compared to circular fins, an increase of 15.78 % in comparison to oblong fins, and a 7.8 % increase in comparison to teardrop pin fins.

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引用次数: 0

Effect of battery connections topology on temperature rise for effective design of thermal management

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109749

Akshay B. Padalkar , Mangesh B. Chaudhari , Adinath M. Funde

Batteries are a source of clean energy, but their safety and efficiency are essential factors. In this context, maintaining battery operating temperature within safer limits is critical. The approach of current work identifies the high temperature regions for series-connected strings and parallel-connected strings in battery pack. The unique features of current work are to identify suitable series-connected and parallel-connected packs for same output of battery pack with lesser heat generation. According to the connections multiple models are designed namely a case of without cooling, air cooling is applied in the direction of series connection, and air cooling is applied in the direction of parallel connection. The designed models are tested under different discharge rates, airflow velocities and studied for improvement in cooling performance. Results shows that parallel-connected packs have higher temperature rise with comparison to series-connected packs. In parallel connected pack the capacity is in the form of Ah is added i.e. the energy density is added battery cells in parallel connection is the main reason for higher heat generation. The high currents in the battery pack have higher tendency of heat generation than high voltages. A forced air-cooling is applied in the direction of parallel connection having higher temperature gradient resulted in average temperature rise drops by 14.78 %, and 16.70 % increase in the cooling efficiency factor in comparison to the direction of the series connection at a 3C discharge rate in 4s4p battery pack. The consideration of battery connections while designing thermal management improves performance and reduce energy consumption.

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引用次数: 0

Near-infrared violation of Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation at near-zero angle

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109752

Yuqing Xu , Bo Wang , Jing Ye

The necessity for multi-band nonreciprocal emission at minimal angles of incidence is increasing due to its critical role in high-resolution infrared imaging and spectral filtering applications. However, most existing nonreciprocal thermal emission techniques rely on multi-band radiation occurring at larger incident angles or are restricted to single-band emission at shallow angles, often limited by single polarization constraints. To overcome this limitation, we introduce an innovative dual-polarization, dual-band nonreciprocal thermal emitter that utilizes multiple resonant modes in the near-infrared region. This emitter is based on layered periodic Si cylindrical ring arrays on a silicon substrate, enhanced with magneto-optical materials and a metallic reflective layer to optimize performance. Comprehensive analysis of electromagnetic field energy distributions verifies that over 95 % nonreciprocity can be achieved at a minimal incident angle of 2° for both TE and TM polarization states. Additionally, this approach is versatile and can be extended to achieve dual-polarization, small-angle, multi-band nonreciprocal emission, highlighting its extensive application potential. This research significantly contributes to the advancement of nonreciprocal thermal photonics.

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the transient heat transfer performance of spray cooling during swing excitation

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109750

Ke Zhao , Yanlong Jiang , Quan Fu , Faxing Zhu , Yu Wang , Yizhe Xu

The experimental study examines the transient heat transfer performance of spray cooling when subjected to swing excitation, utilizing a swinging spray cooling apparatus. The findings suggest that the transient heat transfer process of spray cooling can be divided into two stages: rapid cooling and slow cooling. The major heat dissipation primarily occurs during the rapid cooling stage.

In transient heat transfer processes, applying swinging excitation to the spray chamber also leads to liquid accumulation inside. Increasing the swing amplitude(0° to ±135°) and reducing the swing frequency (1.5–0 Hz) both result in greater liquid accumulation depth, although this depth is significantly lower compared to the amount of liquid accumulation under steady heat transfer conditions at the same operating conditions. A moderate level of liquid accumulation can enhance heat transfer during the rapid cooling phase. However, during the slow cooling phase, when there is a higher level of liquid accumulation, it leads to an increase in convective heat transfer resistance, exacerbating the fluctuations in the cooling curve during this period. Increasing the flow rate (0.46–1.16 L/min) and decreasing the spray height (54.7–14.7 mm) prove beneficial in enhancing the heat transfer performance of spray cooling.

{"title":"Experimental study on the transient heat transfer performance of spray cooling during swing excitation","authors":"Ke Zhao , Yanlong Jiang , Quan Fu , Faxing Zhu , Yu Wang , Yizhe Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The experimental study examines the transient heat transfer performance of spray cooling when subjected to swing excitation, utilizing a swinging spray cooling apparatus. The findings suggest that the transient heat transfer process of spray cooling can be divided into two stages: rapid cooling and slow cooling. The major heat dissipation primarily occurs during the rapid cooling stage.</div><div>In transient heat transfer processes, applying swinging excitation to the spray chamber also leads to liquid accumulation inside. Increasing the swing amplitude(0° to ±135°) and reducing the swing frequency (1.5–0 Hz) both result in greater liquid accumulation depth, although this depth is significantly lower compared to the amount of liquid accumulation under steady heat transfer conditions at the same operating conditions. A moderate level of liquid accumulation can enhance heat transfer during the rapid cooling phase. However, during the slow cooling phase, when there is a higher level of liquid accumulation, it leads to an increase in convective heat transfer resistance, exacerbating the fluctuations in the cooling curve during this period. Increasing the flow rate (0.46–1.16 L/min) and decreasing the spray height (54.7–14.7 mm) prove beneficial in enhancing the heat transfer performance of spray cooling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109750"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation of photothermal superhydrophobic iron foam coating and its application in passive anti-icing/active de-icing and anti-corrosion

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109745

Zilong Liu, Qian Xu, Nian Xu, Weipeng Deng, Huaqiang Chu

The accumulation of ice on surfaces can cause numerous safety issues and inconveniences to human life, so there is an urgent need for a simple and effective anti-icing/de-icing solution. In this work, photothermal superhydrophobic foam iron surfaces with multilevel micro-nano-structures were prepared using a combination of chemical etching and surface modification methods. At −15 °C, the photothermal superhydrophobic surface can delay the freezing time of the droplet from 221 s on the original surface to 1220 s. The surface exhibits a favorable photothermal effect, with the temperature rising to 55.8 °C in 240 s when exposed to outdoor sunlight. Furthermore, ice can be rapidly melted in 251 s when illuminated with 0.2 W/cm². The superhydrophobic photothermal surface also exhibits excellent mechanical stability, retaining its superhydrophobicity following sandpaper abrasion cycles and water flow impact experiments. It is noteworthy that the superhydrophobic photothermal surface exhibits enhanced electrochemical anti-corrosion performance relative to the original surface. These findings substantiate the assertion that the prepared photothermal superhydrophobic iron foam surface not only demonstrates effective anti-icing and de-icing capabilities, but also exhibits superior mechanical durability and chemical stability. The straightforward, efficient, and low-cost approach for the synthesis of photothermal superhydrophobic coatings holds considerable promise for potential applications.

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引用次数: 0

An experimental study on the cooling performance of capillary driven evaporative cooling for cylindrical cells

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109735

Delika M. Weragoda , Guohong Tian , Qiong Cai , Peter Huang

Capillary driven evaporative cooling (CDEC) is a novel concept that can directly wet-cool the surface of the battery through evaporative cooling. In this study an experimental setup was developed to establish the applicability of CDEC in cylindrical cells and to test its cooling performance compared to other battery thermal management systems. The test rig was designed using emulated cylindrical cells to test the performance of the cooling system using SF33 and Novec 7000 as working fluids. Results revealed that both working fluids were capable of maintaining the cell temperature within acceptable temperature limits. For a constant heat load of 10 W per cell (531 kW/m³) it was found that the cell average temperature can be maintained below 40 °C with both SF33 and Novec 7000. Furthermore, it was found that CDEC can ideally maintain the temperature uniformity within 5 °C along a cell and between the cells in a module. SF33 with its low specific heat capacity and low saturation temperature shows a faster response and high cooling rate compared to Novec 7000. Furthermore, it was shown that the overall thermal resistance of the CDEC system was as low as 1.5 K/W. It can be concluded that SF33 and Novec 7000 are promising working fluids for capillary driven evaporative cooling battery thermal management systems even though SF33 would be a better alternative to Novec 7000.

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引用次数: 0

Influence of initial pressure on the flow dynamics and thermal behavior of a single loop pulsating heat pipe

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109720

Anoop Kumar Shukla, Subrata Kumar

Non-condensable gases (NCGs) are a major factor influencing both the thermal performance and the durability of two-phase heat transfer systems. In particular, NCGs can have a substantial impact on the functionality of a pulsating heat pipe (PHP). In this study, the effects of NCGs were investigated at four different initial system pressure levels: 3.172 kPa, 3.741 kPa, 6.263 kPa, and 20.112 kPa. These pressure levels were achieved by varying the degassing levels of the working fluid. A single-loop PHP made of borosilicate glass with a uniform inner diameter of 2.5 mm was used for the experiment. The study was conducted at a 50% filling ratio in a vertical orientation, using water as the working fluid. The results indicate that the presence of NCGs leads to a subcooling effect on the working fluid and hinders the flow inside the PHP. However, the negative effects of NCGs decrease as the heat load increases. It was observed that the average evaporator temperature rises with an increase in the initial pressure. While the thermal performance, in terms of equivalent thermal resistance, was best at the lowest initial pressure, the heat load capacity of the PHP at higher initial pressures increased by nearly 16% compared to those with lower initial pressures.

{"title":"Influence of initial pressure on the flow dynamics and thermal behavior of a single loop pulsating heat pipe","authors":"Anoop Kumar Shukla, Subrata Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-condensable gases (NCGs) are a major factor influencing both the thermal performance and the durability of two-phase heat transfer systems. In particular, NCGs can have a substantial impact on the functionality of a pulsating heat pipe (PHP). In this study, the effects of NCGs were investigated at four different initial system pressure levels: 3.172 kPa, 3.741 kPa, 6.263 kPa, and 20.112 kPa. These pressure levels were achieved by varying the degassing levels of the working fluid. A single-loop PHP made of borosilicate glass with a uniform inner diameter of 2.5 mm was used for the experiment. The study was conducted at a 50% filling ratio in a vertical orientation, using water as the working fluid. The results indicate that the presence of NCGs leads to a subcooling effect on the working fluid and hinders the flow inside the PHP. However, the negative effects of NCGs decrease as the heat load increases. It was observed that the average evaporator temperature rises with an increase in the initial pressure. While the thermal performance, in terms of equivalent thermal resistance, was best at the lowest initial pressure, the heat load capacity of the PHP at higher initial pressures increased by nearly 16% compared to those with lower initial pressures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109720"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance comparison and mechanism analysis of new gas-liquid dimpled plate heat exchangers(DPHE) involving condensation

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109716

Xiang Liu, Fengyongkang Wu, Xue Xue, Kelang Jin, Lei Zhang, Hao Zhou

Gas-liquid dimpled plate heat exchanger (DPHE) is an effective tool for recovering waste heat from the exhaust gases of heat recovery boilers. This study tested the pilot performance of three new DPHEs and used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the internal flow and heat transfer mechanisms. 3rd DPHE achieved superior convective heat transfer coefficients, reaching 135 W/(m²·K) at flue gas flow rate of 10,000 m³/h, with latent heat accounting for 40 % of the total heat transfer. In contrast, the 2nd DPHE performed less efficiently due to insufficient latent heat transfer, contributing only 25 %. Larger dimple spacing stabilized the flue gas flow, reducing unstable vortices and the effective heat transfer area. As the flow rate increased, latent heat, sensible heat, and pressure drop all increased linearly. Re-Nu and Re-f models fill the data gap for heat exchange with low-temperature flue gases in the transitional flow regime. Simulation results show that the initial dimple at the inlet is the main source of pressure loss, accounting for approximately 20 % of the total pressure drop. Adjusting the dimple angle can rapidly reduce the pressure loss. The macroscopic heat transfer mechanism of 3rd DPHE involves twisted dimples that promote uniform flow distribution on the waterside and enhance flue gas turbulence, thereby improving the heat exchange process. Additionally, the cold-side flow field distribution uniformly expands the condensation area (45 % vs. 25 %), rather than altering the heat transfer mode. Reducing dimple spacing and increasing the twist angle are the optimal solutions for enhancing heat transfer efficiency and reducing pressure loss.

{"title":"Performance comparison and mechanism analysis of new gas-liquid dimpled plate heat exchangers(DPHE) involving condensation","authors":"Xiang Liu, Fengyongkang Wu, Xue Xue, Kelang Jin, Lei Zhang, Hao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas-liquid dimpled plate heat exchanger (DPHE) is an effective tool for recovering waste heat from the exhaust gases of heat recovery boilers. This study tested the pilot performance of three new DPHEs and used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyze the internal flow and heat transfer mechanisms. 3rd DPHE achieved superior convective heat transfer coefficients, reaching 135 W/(m<sup>2</sup>·K) at flue gas flow rate of 10,000 m³/h, with latent heat accounting for 40 % of the total heat transfer. In contrast, the 2nd DPHE performed less efficiently due to insufficient latent heat transfer, contributing only 25 %. Larger dimple spacing stabilized the flue gas flow, reducing unstable vortices and the effective heat transfer area. As the flow rate increased, latent heat, sensible heat, and pressure drop all increased linearly. <em>Re-Nu</em> and <em>Re-f</em> models fill the data gap for heat exchange with low-temperature flue gases in the transitional flow regime. Simulation results show that the initial dimple at the inlet is the main source of pressure loss, accounting for approximately 20 % of the total pressure drop. Adjusting the dimple angle can rapidly reduce the pressure loss. The macroscopic heat transfer mechanism of 3rd DPHE involves twisted dimples that promote uniform flow distribution on the waterside and enhance flue gas turbulence, thereby improving the heat exchange process. Additionally, the cold-side flow field distribution uniformly expands the condensation area (45 % vs. 25 %), rather than altering the heat transfer mode. Reducing dimple spacing and increasing the twist angle are the optimal solutions for enhancing heat transfer efficiency and reducing pressure loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109716"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143138689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The radial direction absolute vorticity determines heat transfer in the internal channels of a rolling brake disc

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109743

Ziwen Dai , Lu Wang , Yuanqing Zang , Xin Lu , Jianyong Zuo , Liangbi Wang , Zhimin Lin

During braking of high-speed train, friction produced by brake disc surface and pad converts a significant amount of kinetic energy into heat, rapidly raising the temperature of friction couple. Excessively high surface temperature has negative impacts on the braking system. Therefore, ventilated brake disc has been widely used in train braking system to decrease the temperature of brake disc. Using the dynamic mesh method, this study numerically investigates the heat transfer characteristics of internal channels of a brake disc. The results indicate that unlike rotating channels there are three types of fluid flows in the internal channels: one is flow with net outlet flow rate, flow with net inlet flow rate, and flow with vary small net inlet/outlet flow rate. Flow separation occurs on both pressure and suction sides. Radial direction vorticity exists in the internal channels because of the effect of Coriolis force. The volumetric averaged non dimensional absolute radial direction vorticity corresponds to the averaged Nusselt number at every time instant, but does not the Reynolds number. This shows that the radial direction absolute vorticity determines heat transfer in the channels. The correlation between the volumetric averaged radial direction absolute vorticity and the averaged Nusselt number is obtained.

{"title":"The radial direction absolute vorticity determines heat transfer in the internal channels of a rolling brake disc","authors":"Ziwen Dai , Lu Wang , Yuanqing Zang , Xin Lu , Jianyong Zuo , Liangbi Wang , Zhimin Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During braking of high-speed train, friction produced by brake disc surface and pad converts a significant amount of kinetic energy into heat, rapidly raising the temperature of friction couple. Excessively high surface temperature has negative impacts on the braking system. Therefore, ventilated brake disc has been widely used in train braking system to decrease the temperature of brake disc. Using the dynamic mesh method, this study numerically investigates the heat transfer characteristics of internal channels of a brake disc. The results indicate that unlike rotating channels there are three types of fluid flows in the internal channels: one is flow with net outlet flow rate, flow with net inlet flow rate, and flow with vary small net inlet/outlet flow rate. Flow separation occurs on both pressure and suction sides. Radial direction vorticity exists in the internal channels because of the effect of Coriolis force. The volumetric averaged non dimensional absolute radial direction vorticity corresponds to the averaged Nusselt number at every time instant, but does not the Reynolds number. This shows that the radial direction absolute vorticity determines heat transfer in the channels. The correlation between the volumetric averaged radial direction absolute vorticity and the averaged Nusselt number is obtained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermal Sciences","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 109743"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0