International Journal of Thermal Sciences最新文献_第5页

Development and experimental validation of a 3D numerical model to investigate performance of phase change based cooling vest in hot environments 开发三维数值模型并进行实验验证，以研究高温环境中基于相变的冷却背心的性能

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109487

Kedumese u Mekrisuh , Dushyant Singh , Udayraj

To ensure health and safety of outdoor workers exposed to harsh environment, particularly during summer, they must be protected against heat-related injuries. Personal cooling device like cooling vest are viable solution in such situations considering their cooling capabilities and ergonomic aspects. In the present study, a 3D numerical model is developed for analyzing performance of PCM vest and it is validated with experimental results obtained from a torso thermal manikin facility fabricated in-house. Thermal performance of the PCM vest is analyzed in terms of temperature, liquid fraction and energy storage of PCM and skin temperature for different thermophysical properties of PCM, ambient conditions and mode of operations. Based on the study, PCM with higher latent heat and melting temperature is recommended for the longer working duration of the vest. Increasing ambient temperature from 40 °C to 45 °C reduces the effectiveness time by 20 % while decreasing ambient temperature from 40 °C to 35 °C increases effectiveness time of the PCM vest by 32 %. Fraction of energy stored by the PCM from the body and environment remains unaffected by the change in the latent heat of PCM. Further, it is noticed that increasing the air flow rate or using the PCM vest in hybrid mode of operation is not recommended from the point of view of its effective useable duration. Overall, the study presents a comprehensive approach to estimate performance of the PCM vest realistically and provides guidelines for the design of effective cooling vest for various practical applications.

为了确保暴露在恶劣环境下的户外工作者的健康和安全，尤其是在夏季，必须保护他们免受热伤害。在这种情况下，考虑到冷却能力和人体工程学方面的因素，冷却背心等个人冷却装置是可行的解决方案。本研究开发了一个三维数值模型来分析 PCM 背心的性能，并通过内部制造的躯干热人体模型设施获得的实验结果进行了验证。针对 PCM 的不同热物理性质、环境条件和操作模式，从温度、PCM 的液体分数和储能以及皮肤温度等方面分析了 PCM背心的热性能。根据研究结果，建议采用潜热和熔化温度较高的 PCM，以延长背心的工作时间。环境温度从 40 °C 升至 45 °C 会使 PCM背心的有效时间缩短 20%，而环境温度从 40 °C 降至 35 °C 则会使 PCM背心的有效时间延长 32%。PCM 从人体和环境中储存的能量比例不受 PCM 潜热变化的影响。此外，从有效使用时间的角度来看，不建议提高空气流速或以混合运行模式使用 PCM背心。总之，这项研究提出了一种全面的方法来真实地估算 PCM 冷却背心的性能，并为各种实际应用中有效冷却背心的设计提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Circular perforations on vertically sinusoidal wave form plate fin heat sinks for laminar natural convection heat dissipation 用于层流自然对流散热的垂直正弦波形板翅片散热器上的环形穿孔

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109470

Mohammed Salam Taha , Ali Ates , Eyüb Canli , Aziz Hakan Altun

Aluminum straight plate fin heat sink geometry was modified with vertical sinusoidal wave profile on the fins for different amplitudes. The heat sink fins were further modified by means of circular perforations with increasing diameters. Fully experimental examination was adopted for conducting the work. The heat sinks were assessed on a heat source to see the effect of the modifications on the heat sink fins in terms of heat sink base plate temperature. Heat source was controlled so that the natural convection heat transfer remained in the laminar regime. The experimental methodology elaborately described to share practical experiences on implicit nature and critical points of the commonly used approaches. Up to 40 W heat dissipation is realized with the heat sinks while 2.5 × 10⁶ Rayleigh number value bases a limit for the natural convection potential. The perforations on the fins reduce the performance difference between different wave form amplitudes towards the favorable direction. The 3 mm and 6 mm perforations on the sinusoidally wavy fin profile with 1 mm amplitude value result the least base plate surface temperatures. Therefore, when the cost is justified by the performance improvement, perforations on plate fin heat sinks are recommended in terms of passive cooling applications. In terms of thermal application, present results indicate thermal performance increase of plate fin heat sinks by perforations on the fin surfaces. The experiences throughout the experimental process in the present work reveal unintuitive, implicit, and covert phenomena about the insulation box design and heating power measurement, which are elucidated in the present content. Insulation box can function as an additional heat dissipation surface at the proximity of the heat sink based on the box design. The voltage measurement approach, which is shallowly mentioned in the literature most of the time, can have an effect on the absolute values of the heat dissipation value.

对铝质直板散热片的几何形状进行了改进，在散热片上设置了不同振幅的垂直正弦波剖面。通过增加直径的圆形穿孔，对散热片进行了进一步改进。工作中采用了全面的实验检查。在热源上对散热器进行评估，以了解散热器基板温度对散热片的影响。对热源进行了控制，使自然对流传热保持在层流状态。对实验方法进行了详细描述，以分享有关常用方法的隐含性质和临界点的实践经验。散热片可实现高达 40 W 的散热量，而 2.5 × 106 雷利数值是自然对流势能的极限。散热片上的穿孔减小了不同波形振幅对有利方向的性能差异。在振幅值为 1 毫米的正弦波形翅片上，3 毫米和 6 毫米的穿孔使底板表面温度最低。因此，在被动冷却应用方面，如果成本与性能改进相匹配，建议在板翅式散热器上穿孔。在散热应用方面，目前的结果表明，通过在鳍片表面穿孔，板翅式散热器的散热性能得到了提高。在本研究的整个实验过程中，我们发现了有关隔热箱设计和热功率测量的一些不直观、隐含的现象，本研究将对这些现象进行阐释。绝缘盒的设计可以在靠近散热器的地方起到额外散热面的作用。大多数文献中提及较少的电压测量方法会对散热值的绝对值产生影响。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the effects of near-wall active vortex generators on heat transfer inside a channel 研究近壁主动涡流发生器对通道内传热的影响

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109479

O. Damanafshan, Y. Amini, S.E. Habibi

Most of previous researches on enhancing the heat transfer rate in pipes and channels have focused on passive methods. This article introduces near wall active vortex generators (NWAVG) as a strong way to enhance the heat transfer rate from rectangular channels and simultaneously keep friction losses as low as possible. This article considers three different motion patterns for NWAVG at a constant Reynolds number of 1000. Also, the impact of different numbers of vortex generators and different parameters of each motion pattern on the Darcy friction factor, the Nusselt number and the overall hydrothermal efficiency are examined. The results show that the effect of vortex generators on the heat transfer rate increases significantly when they approach the channel wall. Moreover, the results show that the NWAVG can achieve an 185 % increase in the Nusselt number with an overall hydrothermal efficiency of 1.26.

以往关于提高管道和通道传热率的研究大多集中在被动方法上。本文介绍了近壁主动涡流发生器（NWAVG），它是提高矩形水道传热率并同时尽可能降低摩擦损失的有力方法。本文考虑了雷诺数恒定为 1000 时 NWAVG 的三种不同运动模式。此外，还研究了不同数量的涡流发生器和每种运动模式的不同参数对达西摩擦因数、努塞尔特数和整体水热效率的影响。结果表明，当涡流发生器接近通道壁时，它们对传热速率的影响会显著增加。此外，结果表明，NWAVG 可使努塞尔特数增加 185%，整体水热效率达到 1.26。

引用次数: 0

Thermo-hydraulic characteristics of offset strip fin heat exchanger with vortex generators 带涡流发生器的偏置带翅片热交换器的热液压特性

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109459

Taipeng Guo , Qifan Wang , Yu Zhang , Zhentao Liu

The finned structure of the Offset Strip Fin (OSF) and the vortex generators (VG) both offer significant potential for enhanced heat transfer. This paper investigates the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of the OSF heat exchanger (HEX) with VG installed on the rib base surface. The study examines the geometrical configuration of the VG, including their shape, spatial positioning, longitudinal extent, and angle of attack, to determine their respective impacts on system performance. VG shapes perform differently across various Reynolds numbers (Re), defining the transition point as the Thermal Exchange Efficacy Transition Re (Re_TEET). Findings suggest that increasing the distance of VG from the fin's leading edge, along with extending their length and increasing their angle of attack, collectively improves heat transfer efficiency and reduces the Re_TEET. However, achieving the Re_TEET becomes unfeasible when the angle of attack surpasses a certain threshold. At lower Reynolds numbers, the optimum performance occurs at a 45° angle of attack. As the Reynolds number increases, the optimum performance decreases with an increased angle of attack.

偏置带翅片（OSF）的翅片结构和涡流发生器（VG）都为增强传热提供了巨大的潜力。本文研究了在肋片底面安装 VG 的 OSF 热交换器 (HEX) 的热液压特性。研究考察了 VG 的几何配置，包括其形状、空间定位、纵向范围和攻角，以确定它们各自对系统性能的影响。在不同的雷诺数 (Re) 下，VG 的形状表现不同，因此将过渡点定义为热交换效率过渡 Re (ReTEET)。研究结果表明，增加 VG 与鳍片前缘的距离、延长 VG 的长度和增大 VG 的攻角，可共同提高热传导效率并降低 ReTEET。然而，当攻角超过一定临界值时，达到 ReTEET 就变得不可行了。在雷诺数较低时，最佳性能出现在 45° 攻角处。随着雷诺数的增加，最佳性能会随着攻角的增大而降低。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of crossflow orientations in the impinging jet flow channel on flow and heat transfer enhancement under rotations 冲击射流流道中的横流方向对旋转条件下流动和传热增强的影响

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109478

Natthaporn Kaewchoothong , Thantup Nontula , Chayut Nuntadusit

An experimental and numerical investigation was conducted to elucidate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a row of impinging jets within a confined, rotating channel. The study focused on a jet Reynolds number (Re_j) of 9,000, examining three distinct crossflow orientations: radially outward (ROCF), radially inward (RICF), and a combined radially outward and inward (ROICF) scheme. Jet-to-impingement surface distances (h/d_j) of 2, 4, and 6 (where dj represents the jet orifice diameter) were considered, along with channel rotation speeds corresponding to Rotation numbers (Ro) from 0 to 0.0046. Heat transfer on the leading and trailing sides of the impinging jets was measured using a steady thermochromic liquid crystal (TLC) technique under constant heat flux conditions. Additionally, RANS simulations were employed to investigate the flow fields associated with the impinging jets. The results reveal that in both the ROCF and RICF schemes, heat transfer, characterized by the Nusselt number, decreases from upstream to downstream for each impinging jet. Increasing the rotation number (Ro) leads to enhanced heat transfer, with the trailing side exhibiting marginally higher values than the leading side. In the ROICF scheme, at h/d_j = 2, a more uniform Nusselt number distribution is observed across all jet holes compared to the ROCF and RICF schemes, and this uniformity increases with higher Ro. However, for h/d_j = 4 or 6, the heat transfer becomes non-uniform and can even deteriorate below the stationary case at high Ro numbers, attributed to the combined effects of Coriolis and centrifugal forces.

我们进行了一项实验和数值研究，以阐明在一个封闭的旋转通道内一排撞击射流的流动和传热特性。研究的重点是 9,000 的射流雷诺数 (Rej)，考察了三种不同的横流方向：径向向外 (ROCF)、径向向内 (RICF) 以及径向向外和向内的组合 (ROICF) 方案。考虑了 2、4 和 6（其中 dj 代表射流孔直径）的射流至阻挡面距离 (h/dj)，以及与 0 至 0.0046 旋转数 (Ro) 相对应的通道旋转速度。在恒定热通量条件下，使用稳定热致变色液晶 (TLC) 技术测量了撞击射流前侧和后侧的传热情况。此外，还采用 RANS 模拟来研究与撞击喷流相关的流场。结果显示，在 ROCF 和 RICF 方案中，以努塞尔特数为特征的传热从上游向下游递减。增加旋转数（Ro）可增强传热，尾流侧的传热值略高于前流侧。在 ROICF 方案中，当 h/dj = 2 时，与 ROCF 和 RICF 方案相比，所有喷射孔的努塞尔特数分布更加均匀，并且这种均匀性随着 Ro 的增加而增加。然而，当 h/dj = 4 或 6 时，由于科里奥利力和离心力的共同作用，传热变得不均匀，在高 Ro 值时甚至会恶化到低于静态情况。

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引用次数: 0

Thermal-mechanical influence aspects and evaluation of helical cruciform single rod in fluoride-salt-cooled high-temperature advanced reactor 氟化盐冷却高温先进反应堆中螺旋十字形单棒的热机械影响和评估

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109483

Yiwen Chen , Dalin Zhang , Dianqiang Jiang , Wei Li , Qi Lu , Wenxi Tian , Suizheng Qiu , Guanghui Su

Helical cruciform fuels are novel in nuclear reactors, potential to increase reactor's power density. However, the geometry is complicated so influence of it on the fuel performance is not identified yet. To evaluate flow and heat transfer performance of the fuel, thermal and mechanical characteristics of fuel used in Fluoride-Salt-cooled high-Temperature Advanced Reactor are analyzed. Impact of power density, cross-section parameters, and twist pitch on the fuel is discussed separately based on fluid-thermal-mechanical coupling. In general, twist pitch is vital to helical cruciform fuel while others have few effects considering thermal-mechanical features. For thermal features, increase in twist pitch leads to temperature rise owing to weaker mixing effects. Fuel center temperature at middle plane of 300 mm-pitch rod is 829.58 °C, 54.66 °C higher than that of 100 mm-pitch rod. Besides, axial temperature of cladding outer surface increases wavelike due to complex geometry. For mechanical features, not geometry sizes but temperature affects stress distribution. Maximum Von-Mises stress appears at the elbow, where maximum temperature exists, 116.8 MPa under normal conditions, lower than tensile strength of the material. After identifying the influence of these factors, five dimensionless parameters are proposed to evaluate and rate fuel performance based on Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution. As a result, an optimization comes up, scoring 0.310, twice more than the original design, owing to the thermal uniformity and mechanical safety. This study provides a reference for identifying the performance of helical structure and a new fuel design in Fluoride-Salt-cooled high-Temperature Reactor.

螺旋十字形燃料是核反应堆中的一种新型燃料，具有提高反应堆功率密度的潜力。然而，由于其几何形状复杂，因此尚未确定其对燃料性能的影响。为了评估燃料的流动和传热性能，我们分析了氟化盐冷却高温先进反应堆所用燃料的热特性和机械特性。根据流体-热-机械耦合，分别讨论了功率密度、截面参数和扭距对燃料的影响。总的来说，扭距对螺旋形十字形燃料至关重要，而其他因素对热机械特性的影响很小。就热力特征而言，由于混合效应较弱，扭距的增加会导致温度上升。间距 300 毫米的棒材中间平面的燃料中心温度为 829.58 °C，比间距 100 毫米的棒材高 54.66 °C。此外，由于几何形状复杂，包层外表面的轴向温度呈波浪状上升。就机械特征而言，影响应力分布的不是几何尺寸，而是温度。最大 Von-Mises 应力出现在存在最高温度的弯头处，正常情况下为 116.8 兆帕，低于材料的抗拉强度。在确定了这些因素的影响后，提出了五个无量纲参数，根据与理想解相似的阶次优选技术对燃料性能进行评估和评级。结果，由于热均匀性和机械安全性，得出了一个优化方案，得分为 0.310，比原设计高出一倍。这项研究为确定氟化盐冷却高温反应堆螺旋结构和新燃料设计的性能提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental characterisation and visualisation of a novel two-phase flexible heat transfer device 新型两相柔性传热装置的实验表征与可视化

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109472

Kannan Pandi , V.M. Jaganathan , S. Suresh , Kasturi Vikas

The importance of passive Flexible Heat Transfer Device (FHTD) in electronic cooling or space applications lies in their ability to provide efficient, reliable, and adaptable thermal management solutions. Heat transfer enhancement studies pertaining to FHTD developed to meet the thermal management demands of futuristic flexible electronic devices are presented in the current work. The possibility of extending the heat transport limit of FHTD beyond 24 W by limiting the maximum operating temperature to 60 °C is discussed. The superior performance of FHTD at varying heat loads from 5 W to 40 W at 45°and 90°bending angles is brought out compared with existing heat transfer devices like Flexible Heat Pipe (FHP) and copper thermal straps. The performance is reported in thermal resistance and equivalent thermal conductivity. A commercial dielectric liquid is used as a working fluid in FHTD to enhance the heat transfer limit employing phase change. The evaporator and condenser sections of the flexible section are made transparent to visualise the boiling and condensation phenomenon. Under steady-state operation at a 45°bending angle, The FHTD demonstrates a minimum thermal resistance of 0.73 K/W and a peak effective thermal conductivity of 8172 W/m K. The heat transfer coefficient ranges from 200 to 700 W/m

^{2}

K, consistent with values reported for heat pipes in the literature. Additionally, the study explores the impact of modifying the external surface texture to create more nucleation sites, thereby enhancing the performance of the FHTD. The results show that the laser-textured surface on the heat pipe condenser effectively reduces the onset of nucleate boiling for dielectric fluid by 3.5 °C and decreases the maximum temperature of the evaporator by 4.5 °C. The present work dictates the fundamental baseline for possible design choices of futuristic passive flexible heat transfer devices.

无源柔性传热设备（FHTD）在电子冷却或空间应用中的重要性在于其能够提供高效、可靠和适应性强的热管理解决方案。本文介绍了为满足未来柔性电子设备的热管理需求而开发的 FHTD 的传热增强研究。研究讨论了通过将最高工作温度限制在 60 °C，将 FHTD 的热传输极限扩展到 24 W 以上的可能性。与现有的传热设备（如柔性热管（FHP）和铜导热带）相比，FHTD 在 45°和 90°弯曲角度下的热负荷从 5 W 到 40 W 不等，性能优越。其性能以热阻和等效热导率表示。FHTD 采用商用介电液体作为工作流体，通过相变提高传热极限。柔性部分的蒸发器和冷凝器部分是透明的，以便观察沸腾和冷凝现象。在 45° 弯曲角的稳态运行条件下，FHTD 的最小热阻为 0.73 K/W，有效热导率峰值为 8172 W/m K。此外，该研究还探讨了改变外表面纹理对创造更多成核点的影响，从而提高 FHTD 的性能。结果表明，热管冷凝器上的激光纹理表面能有效地将介质流体的成核沸腾温度降低 3.5 °C，并将蒸发器的最高温度降低 4.5 °C。本研究为未来无源柔性传热设备的可能设计选择提供了基本依据。

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引用次数: 0

Simulation study of heat transfer in the space under the clothing of mining ventilation suits in typical human labour positions 典型人体劳动位置下矿用通风服服下空间传热模拟研究

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109423

Bo You , Siqi Wang , Ming Yang , Ke Gao , Qiaoyun Han , Meifeng Xu

The objective of this study is to examine the distribution of space under a ventilated suit when the human body is wearing a ventilated suit with different piping structures in labor postures, such as lifting the arms and bending the waist. Additionally, the study aims to investigate the impact of the space under the ventilated suit on heat transfer through numerical simulation, with the goal of identifying the optimal piping design. The study demonstrates that in an inhomogeneous space, the airflow is susceptible to turbulence, which results in the accumulation of heat. Furthermore, the implementation of distinct air flow patterns within the transverse and longitudinal piping structures of the ventilated suit can result in notable alterations to the heat transfer process and the overall cooling effect. The transverse piping structure offers superior support and a more uniform air flow distribution, thereby significantly enhancing the cooling effect of the ventilated suit. In contrast, the longitudinal piping structure is designed to concentrate the air flow on the back side, resulting in a comparatively weaker ventilation effect on the front side. A comparison of the weights of the two piping structures using the entropy value method revealed that the transverse piping structure had a weight that was approximately 4.5 % higher than that of the longitudinal piping structure. This finding suggests that the cooling effect of the transverse piping structure is more pronounced.

本研究的目的是研究人体在抬臂、弯腰等劳动姿势下穿着具有不同管道结构的通风服时，通风服下的空间分布情况。此外，该研究还旨在通过数值模拟研究透气服下的空间对传热的影响，从而确定最佳的管道设计。研究表明，在不均匀的空间中，气流容易受到湍流的影响，从而导致热量积聚。此外，在通风服的横向和纵向管道结构中采用不同的气流模式，可显著改变传热过程和整体冷却效果。横向管道结构可提供更好的支撑和更均匀的气流分布，从而显著增强通风服的冷却效果。相比之下，纵向管道结构的设计将气流集中在背面，导致正面的通风效果相对较弱。使用熵值法对两种管道结构的重量进行比较后发现，横向管道结构的重量比纵向管道结构高出约 4.5%。这一结果表明，横向管道结构的冷却效果更为明显。

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引用次数: 0

A novel hybrid-composite microchannel heat sink for extreme hotspot mitigation 用于缓解极端热点的新型混合复合微通道散热器

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109473

Danish Ansari , Wasim Raza , Ji Hwan Jeong , Kwang-Yong Kim

Most of the heat generated by a microprocessor comes from its cores, resulting in hotspots with exceptionally high heat flux. In contrast, the remaining processor area experiences significantly lower heat flux, leading to substantial temperature nonuniformity across the chip. An efficient heat sink must be capable of applying distinct cooling capacities specific to each zone. This study presents an energy-efficient heat sink design aimed at mitigating severe temperature variations in microprocessors. The design concept involves dividing the processor's hot surface into zones based on heat flux intensity and integrating different microstructures and materials into each respective zone for optimized thermal management. The proposed hybrid-composite design was developed by incorporating silicon microchannels for the low-heat-flux zone and diamond microfins for the high-heat-flux zone. Integrating microfins (hybrid design) substantially enhances the solid-fluid interface area over the hotspot zone, while using diamond (composite design) dramatically improves heat conduction from the hotspot. Full heat sinks were modeled for conjugate heat transfer investigation. The thermo-hydraulic performance of hybrid-composite design was compared against that of simple, simple-composite, and hybrid designs. The hybrid-composite design demonstrated substantial enhancement in thermal performance compared to all the other designs, with a moderate rise in pumping power. In comparison to the simple microchannel design, the hybrid-composite design demonstrated a 66.0 % reduction in thermal resistance and a 74.3 % decrease in temperature nonuniformity. Additionally, the hybrid-composite design could effectively mitigate a hotspot heat flux of up to 2400 W/cm² with only 8.6 % higher pumping power, while the simple microchannel design reached the maximum permissible temperature limit at 700 W/cm².

微处理器产生的大部分热量来自内核，从而形成热通量极高的热点。相比之下，其余处理器区域的热通量要低得多，从而导致整个芯片的温度严重不均匀。高效散热器必须能够针对每个区域应用不同的冷却能力。本研究提出了一种节能型散热器设计，旨在缓解微处理器的严重温度变化。设计理念包括根据热通量强度将处理器的热表面划分为多个区域，并在每个区域中集成不同的微结构和材料，以优化热管理。通过在低热流区加入硅微通道和在高热流区加入金刚石微鳍片，开发出了拟议的混合复合设计。集成微鳍丝（混合设计）大大增加了热点区的固液界面面积，而使用金刚石（复合设计）则显著改善了热点区的热传导。对全散热器进行了建模，以进行共轭传热研究。混合复合设计的热液压性能与简单设计、简单复合设计和混合设计的热液压性能进行了比较。与所有其他设计相比，混合复合设计的热性能有了大幅提高，但泵功率略有上升。与简单的微通道设计相比，混合复合材料设计的热阻降低了 66.0%，温度不均匀性降低了 74.3%。此外，混合复合材料设计可以有效缓解高达 2400 W/cm2 的热点热通量，而泵功率仅增加了 8.6%，而简单微通道设计在 700 W/cm2 时就达到了最大允许温度限制。

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引用次数: 0

Solidification behavior of WC particles reinforced nickel alloy cladding layers by plasma surfacing: Simulation and experiment 通过等离子堆焊强化镍合金包层的 WC 粒子凝固行为：模拟与实验

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Thermal Sciences

Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109482

Chunlin Zhang , Li Zhang , Yonghong Wang , Shengli Li , Jing Li , Zhiwen Xie

In this work, a numerical simulation model was developed to investigate the complex heat and mass transfer process inside the molten pool during plasma surfacing. The temperature distribution and fluid flow were employed to depict the evolution of the molten pool. The findings revealed that the maximum temperature is located on the surface of the cladding layer corresponding to the position of heat source, and the temperature distribution follows a Gaussian distribution along the scanning direction. Thermal accumulation is obvious due to the continuous energy input in the initial stage, as a result, the maximum temperature and fluid flow velocity gradually increase with the deposition process. The maximum temperature and fluid flow velocity at 4.0 s are 1893 K and 0.281 m/s in case 110 A, respectively. The predicted shapes and dimensions are consistent with the results of the deposition experiments, with a maximum error of no more than 15 %. In order to investigate the impact of WC particles on the solidification microstructure of nickel composite layers, corresponding plasma surfacing experiment was implemented. The solidification characteristics of the microstructure follow planar-cellular-columnar-equiaxed crystals in the bonding layer and WC particles-columnar-equiaxed dendritic crystals in hard layer, respectively. Furthermore, the Ni dendritic near the retained WC particles transformed into columnar crystals due to temperature gradient in the local area.

在这项工作中，开发了一个数值模拟模型来研究等离子体堆焊过程中熔池内部复杂的传热和传质过程。温度分布和流体流动被用来描述熔池的演变过程。研究结果表明，最高温度位于堆焊层表面，与热源位置相对应，温度分布沿扫描方向呈高斯分布。由于初始阶段持续的能量输入，热积累非常明显，因此随着沉积过程的进行，最高温度和流体流速逐渐升高。在 110 A 的情况下，4.0 s 时的最高温度和流体流速分别为 1893 K 和 0.281 m/s。预测的形状和尺寸与沉积实验结果一致，最大误差不超过 15%。为了研究 WC 粒子对镍复合材料层凝固微观结构的影响，进行了相应的等离子堆焊实验。凝固后的微观结构特征分别为结合层中的平面-细胞-柱状-等轴晶和硬质层中的 WC 颗粒-柱状-等轴晶树枝状晶体。此外，由于局部区域的温度梯度，保留的 WC 颗粒附近的镍树枝状晶体转变为柱状晶体。

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