Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-54-62
V. Zotsenko, O. Demchenko, D. Ostrovskiy, A. Andriychuk, V. Grishko
Intensive poultry farming technologies are closely linked to a variety of environmental, technological, feed and biological stressors, which tend to negatively affect their productivity and immune defenses. In the pathogenesis of such detrimental effects, the leading role belongs to the overproduction of oxygen free radicals - oxidative stress. The latter activates a number of transcription factors, including Nrf-2 and Nf-kB, which modulate the antioxidant defense network and participate in the organization of infection control. NDC is able to reduce the activation of Nf-kB and thus maintain antioxidant balance, but the response of the immune system to this factor is insufficiently studied. The aim of our work is to investigate the effect of NDC on the antigen of non-specific immunity of quails by adding it to drinking water. The object of study were the quail of the Pharaoh breed, experimental and control groups formed at the age of one day on the principle of analogues. The birds were kept in cages with free access to food and water. Quails of the experimental group in drinking water was added to the feed additive Nanocerium at a dose of 8.6 mg per liter of drinking water. This additive is an aqueous dispersion of NDC with an average nanoparticle size of 2-7 nm. The average weight of quails at the end of the experiment (56 days) in the experimental group was 20.2 g greater than in the control. Morphometric studies of the thymus, bursa and spleen showed no effect of NDC on the central and peripheral immune systems. Morphological parameters of the blood were within the physiological norm, but in the experimental group the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin content were higher. The leukocyte count showed an increase in the leukocyte count (according to Garkavi LH) in the experimental group. Humoral performance was identical in both groups. Studies of cellular defense indicate no effect on the phagocytic function of peripheralblood cells. Functional and metabolic activity under the influence of NDC in the spontaneous test probably did not differ and increased in the stimulated. Therefore, quails that received nanocerium feed additive with water had a higher immunoresistance. Key words: birds, nanocerium, morphometry, thymus, natural immunity, morphological parameters of blood, hematopoiesis, humoral immunity, cellular immunity, hematological parameters. Accepted abbreviations: NDC – nanocrystalline cerium dioxide, ROS – reactive oxygen species, Nf-kB – nuclear factor - kV, Nrf-2 – nuclear factor - erythroid 2 and related factor 2.
{"title":"Influence of nanocrystalline cerium dioxide on antigens of non-specific protection of quails","authors":"V. Zotsenko, O. Demchenko, D. Ostrovskiy, A. Andriychuk, V. Grishko","doi":"10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-54-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-54-62","url":null,"abstract":"Intensive poultry farming technologies are closely linked to a variety of environmental, technological, feed and biological stressors, which tend to negatively affect their productivity and immune defenses. In the pathogenesis of such detrimental effects, the leading role belongs to the overproduction of oxygen free radicals - oxidative stress. The latter activates a number of transcription factors, including Nrf-2 and Nf-kB, which modulate the antioxidant defense network and participate in the organization of infection control. NDC is able to reduce the activation of Nf-kB and thus maintain antioxidant balance, but the response of the immune system to this factor is insufficiently studied. The aim of our work is to investigate the effect of NDC on the antigen of non-specific immunity of quails by adding it to drinking water. The object of study were the quail of the Pharaoh breed, experimental and control groups formed at the age of one day on the principle of analogues. The birds were kept in cages with free access to food and water. Quails of the experimental group in drinking water was added to the feed additive Nanocerium at a dose of 8.6 mg per liter of drinking water. This additive is an aqueous dispersion of NDC with an average nanoparticle size of 2-7 nm. The average weight of quails at the end of the experiment (56 days) in the experimental group was 20.2 g greater than in the control. Morphometric studies of the thymus, bursa and spleen showed no effect of NDC on the central and peripheral immune systems. Morphological parameters of the blood were within the physiological norm, but in the experimental group the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin content were higher. The leukocyte count showed an increase in the leukocyte count (according to Garkavi LH) in the experimental group. Humoral performance was identical in both groups. Studies of cellular defense indicate no effect on the phagocytic function of peripheralblood cells. Functional and metabolic activity under the influence of NDC in the spontaneous test probably did not differ and increased in the stimulated. Therefore, quails that received nanocerium feed additive with water had a higher immunoresistance.\u0000Key words: birds, nanocerium, morphometry, thymus, natural immunity, morphological parameters of blood, hematopoiesis, humoral immunity, cellular immunity, hematological parameters.\u0000Accepted abbreviations: NDC – nanocrystalline cerium dioxide, ROS – reactive oxygen species, Nf-kB – nuclear factor - kV, Nrf-2 – nuclear factor - erythroid 2 and related factor 2.","PeriodicalId":34230,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii visnik veterinarnoyi meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48480765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-188-199
S. Shevchenko, M. Rublenko
Osteo-replacement materials are considered to be the most promising direction in solving the problem of restoring the regenerative potential of bone tissue, especially fragmentary fractures. However, the mechanism of their influence on the histomorphology of bone regenerates and the pathochemical phase of reparative osteogenesis require further and comprehensive justification. The aim of the study was to establish the dynamics of hematological parameters and acute phase response to osteosubstitution by hydroxyapatite ceramics with β-tricalcium phosphate and platelet-enriched autofibrin in fragmentary bone fractures in dogs. Control and research groups of animals were formed, each of which included dogs with fractures of both shoulder and forearm bones, which came in 2019- 2021 to the clinic of small pets of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bila Tserkva NAU. After general and local anesthesia, extracortical osteosynthesis and replacement of bone defects were performed: in the first experimental group (n = 10) autofibrin enriched with platelets (PRF), and in the second (n = 10) - its combination with hydroxyapatite ceramics (PRF + HA/β -TCP-700); in the control group (n = 10) the defects were left to heal under the blood clot. Blood samples for hematological and biochemical studies were taken after injury no later than 24 hours and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 42nd day after osteosynthesis. In peripheral blood, the number of erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes was determined by conventional methods, and hemoglobin - hemoglobin cyanide. The content of nitric oxide (NO) in the blood serum was determined by the method of Green in the modification of Golikov, haptoglobin - by reaction with rivanol kits PJSC "Reagent" (Ukraine) and α2-macroglobulin - by KM Veremeenko. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the program Statistica 10 (StatSoft Inc, USA, 2011). It was found that bone trauma in dogs is accompanied by a decrease in peripheral blood of erythrocytes by 1.3 times (p <0.001) and an increase of 1.1 times (p <0.05) the number of leukocytes with a tendency to increase hemoglobin and platelets, compared with indicators of clinically healthy animals. After osteosynthesis in all groups leukocytosis developed. During osteosubstitution, the intensity and duration of the leukocyte reaction decreased significantly. In the first experimental group, the peak of NO concentration occurred on the 21st day, and in the case of combined osteosubstitution, the phase of its changes was noted, which had two peaks: on the 7th in 1.5 and on the 21st in 1.8 (p <0.001) is several times higher than in the control group. The concentration of haptoglobin after bone injury in dogs increased 1.1 times (p <0.001) compared with clinically healthy animals and reached its peak in all groups on the 3rd day (p <0.001). No changes in α2-macroglobulin concentration were observed in the groups during the entire study period. Combined osteosubstitution by
{"title":"Dynamics of hematological parameters and acute phase reactions for osteosubstitution by autofibrin and hydroxyapatite ceramics with β-tricalcium phosphate fragmentary bone fractures in dogs","authors":"S. Shevchenko, M. Rublenko","doi":"10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-188-199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-188-199","url":null,"abstract":"Osteo-replacement materials are considered to be the most promising direction in solving the problem of restoring the regenerative potential of bone tissue, especially fragmentary fractures. However, the mechanism of their influence on the histomorphology of bone regenerates and the pathochemical phase of reparative osteogenesis require further and comprehensive justification. The aim of the study was to establish the dynamics of hematological parameters and acute phase response to osteosubstitution by hydroxyapatite ceramics with β-tricalcium phosphate and platelet-enriched autofibrin in fragmentary bone fractures in dogs. Control and research groups of animals were formed, each of which included dogs with fractures of both shoulder and forearm bones, which came in 2019- 2021 to the clinic of small pets of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Bila Tserkva NAU. After general and local anesthesia, extracortical osteosynthesis and replacement of bone defects were performed: in the first experimental group (n = 10) autofibrin enriched with platelets (PRF), and in the second (n = 10) - its combination with hydroxyapatite ceramics (PRF + HA/β -TCP-700); in the control group (n = 10) the defects were left to heal under the blood clot. Blood samples for hematological and biochemical studies were taken after injury no later than 24 hours and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 42nd day after osteosynthesis. In peripheral blood, the number of erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes was determined by conventional methods, and hemoglobin - hemoglobin cyanide. The content of nitric oxide (NO) in the blood serum was determined by the method of Green in the modification of Golikov, haptoglobin - by reaction with rivanol kits PJSC \"Reagent\" (Ukraine) and α2-macroglobulin - by KM Veremeenko. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the program Statistica 10 (StatSoft Inc, USA, 2011). It was found that bone trauma in dogs is accompanied by a decrease in peripheral blood of erythrocytes by 1.3 times (p <0.001) and an increase of 1.1 times (p <0.05) the number of leukocytes with a tendency to increase hemoglobin and platelets, compared with indicators of clinically healthy animals. After osteosynthesis in all groups leukocytosis developed. During osteosubstitution, the intensity and duration of the leukocyte reaction decreased significantly. In the first experimental group, the peak of NO concentration occurred on the 21st day, and in the case of combined osteosubstitution, the phase of its changes was noted, which had two peaks: on the 7th in 1.5 and on the 21st in 1.8 (p <0.001) is several times higher than in the control group. The concentration of haptoglobin after bone injury in dogs increased 1.1 times (p <0.001) compared with clinically healthy animals and reached its peak in all groups on the 3rd day (p <0.001). No changes in α2-macroglobulin concentration were observed in the groups during the entire study period. Combined osteosubstitution by","PeriodicalId":34230,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii visnik veterinarnoyi meditsini","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69583713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-63-71
O. Panteleienko, T. Tsarenko
Ixodes ticks play an important role in the spread of various infectious diseases. Representatives of the Ixodes family carry a large number of pathogens. Zoonotic infections, such as tick-borne borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, etc., are especially dangerous. Areas of distribution of Ixodes ticks are quite diverse: forests, meadows, shrubs, city parks and various types of green spaces in cities. The study of the quantitative and species composition of ticks in natural foci of infectious diseases is an important component of assessing the epizootiological biopotential and forecasting the risks of infectious diseases in certain areas. In the studies, we studied and compared the distribution of Ixodes ticks based on the population density index of Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus in two different habitats: anthropogenically transformed semi-natural forest environment and meadow-type with pastures. The first – the forest area is located in the forest park tract "Golendernya" in Bila Tserkva, Kyiv region. The second – a natural meadow area is located in the Cherkasy region, Lysyansk United Territorial Community (OTG), village Zhabianka. Collection of Ixodes was performed by the usual method on the flag. The population density index is expressed in relation to the number of ticks per 1 m2 of the surveyed area with a correction factor of 1.2. A total of 12,000 m2 of total habitat area was surveyed, 572 specimens of Ixodes ticks were collected, including 393 Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus 179, respectively. 356 Ixodes ticks were collected in the Golendernia tract, of which 339 were Ixodes ricinus and only 17 were Dermacentor reticulatus. Accordingly, in Golendernia tract the population density index of the surveyed area of 6 thousand m2 Ixodes ricinus is 0.07 specimens/m2 (95.9%) and Dermacentor reticulatus – 0.003 specimens/m2 (4.1%). 216 specimens of Ixodes ticks were collected in the natural meadow biotope, of which 162 – Dermacentor reticulatus and 54 – Ixodes ricinus. The population density index of the surveyed area of 6 thousand m2 in the meadow biotope with mites of the species Dermacentor reticulatus is 0.03 specimens/m2 (75.0%), and with mites of the species Ixodes ricinus – 0.01 specimens/m2. (25.0%). Population density indices between Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus have a statistically significant difference (p <0.01) which is due to the types of habitats. Key words: Ixodes tiks, Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, population density index, habitats.
{"title":"Study and comparison of population density indices of Ixodes ticks of different biotopes of Kyiv and Cherkasy regions","authors":"O. Panteleienko, T. Tsarenko","doi":"10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-63-71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-63-71","url":null,"abstract":"Ixodes ticks play an important role in the spread of various infectious diseases. Representatives of the Ixodes family carry a large number of pathogens. Zoonotic infections, such as tick-borne borreliosis, tick-borne encephalitis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, etc., are especially dangerous. Areas of distribution of Ixodes ticks are quite diverse: forests, meadows, shrubs, city parks and various types of green spaces in cities. The study of the quantitative and species composition of ticks in natural foci of infectious diseases is an important component of assessing the epizootiological biopotential and forecasting the risks of infectious diseases in certain areas. In the studies, we studied and compared the distribution of Ixodes ticks based on the population density index of Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus in two different habitats: anthropogenically transformed semi-natural forest environment and meadow-type with pastures. The first – the forest area is located in the forest park tract \"Golendernya\" in Bila Tserkva, Kyiv region. The second – a natural meadow area is located in the Cherkasy region, Lysyansk United Territorial Community (OTG), village Zhabianka. Collection of Ixodes was performed by the usual method on the flag. The population density index is expressed in relation to the number of ticks per 1 m2 of the surveyed area with a correction factor of 1.2. A total of 12,000 m2 of total habitat area was surveyed, 572 specimens of Ixodes ticks were collected, including 393 Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus 179, respectively. 356 Ixodes ticks were collected in the Golendernia tract, of which 339 were Ixodes ricinus and only 17 were Dermacentor reticulatus. Accordingly, in Golendernia tract the population density index of the surveyed area of 6 thousand m2 Ixodes ricinus is 0.07 specimens/m2 (95.9%) and Dermacentor reticulatus – 0.003 specimens/m2 (4.1%). 216 specimens of Ixodes ticks were collected in the natural meadow biotope, of which 162 – Dermacentor reticulatus and 54 – Ixodes ricinus. The population density index of the surveyed area of 6 thousand m2 in the meadow biotope with mites of the species Dermacentor reticulatus is 0.03 specimens/m2 (75.0%), and with mites of the species Ixodes ricinus – 0.01 specimens/m2. (25.0%). Population density indices between Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus have a statistically significant difference (p <0.01) which is due to the types of habitats.\u0000Key words: Ixodes tiks, Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, population density index, habitats.","PeriodicalId":34230,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii visnik veterinarnoyi meditsini","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69583787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-170-178
T. Todosiuk, M. Rublenko, V. Vlasenko
Various bone and joint pathology is quite common among companion animals, a significant risk factor for which is considered to be a violation of bone metabolism. The aim of the work is to determine radiological and pathochemical criteria in the dynamics of osteoporosis process in the model of rabbits. The experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 9) groups of animals were formed. Experimental osteoporosis in rabbits of the experimental group was caused by the administration of 0.4% solution of dexamethasone (4 mg / ml) (KRKA, Slovenia) for the 21st day at a dose of 1.2 mg / kg body weight 1 time / day. Control animals were injected with saline. Blood samples for biochemical studies were taken before the induction of osteoporosis and on the 7th, 14th, 21st day. Serum levels of total calcium (Ca) and phosphorus, activity of total alkaline phosphatase and its bone isoenzyme, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were determined. Measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer Stat Fax 4500. X-ray examinations were performed on an X-ray machine RUM-20 before the induction of osteoporosis and on the 7th, 14th, 21st day of the study. On the 14th day of the study, some areas of the spongy substance of the proximal femur have the appearance of a large-loop pattern due to the resorption of individual bone beams. There is also an expansion of the bone marrow canal due to bone resorption, thinning and emphasizing the edges of the cortical layer. On the 21st day, changes characteristic of osteoporosis were observed - low intensity of X-ray contrast shadow of bone, significant thinning of bone structure. Radiographically established changes in bone tissue correlate with biochemical parameters of rabbit blood. On the 21st day of osteoporosis induction in experimental animals, the level of total Ca decreased 2.1 times (p <0.001), and inorganic P increased 1.8 times (p <0.001), compared with normal and control animals. The level of total alkaline phosphatase and bone isoenzyme alkaline phosphatase on the 21st day of the study exceeded the performance of clinically healthy and control animals 1.1 times (p <0.001). The activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase increased dynamically and on the 14th day was 30.7 ± 0.36 units / l, which is 1.1 times (p <0.001) higher than its level in clinically healthy animals, and 21st day - 1.2 times (p <0.001), respectively. The corticosteroid model of osteoporosis causes the manifestation of its radiological signs on the 14th day after induction, accompanied by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia with a decrease in Ca:P and increased activity of alkaline and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases. The complete pathochemical phase of osteoporosis occurs on the 21st day, which is manifested by a significant decrease in the ratio of phosphatases. Key words: secondary osteoporosis, bone fractures, corticosteroids, dexamethasone, compact and spongy bone tissue, rabbits.
{"title":"Radiological and pathochemical characteristics of osteoporosis process in rabbits","authors":"T. Todosiuk, M. Rublenko, V. Vlasenko","doi":"10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-170-178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-170-178","url":null,"abstract":"Various bone and joint pathology is quite common among companion animals, a significant risk factor for which is considered to be a violation of bone metabolism. The aim of the work is to determine radiological and pathochemical criteria in the dynamics of osteoporosis process in the model of rabbits. The experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 9) groups of animals were formed. Experimental osteoporosis in rabbits of the experimental group was caused by the administration of 0.4% solution of dexamethasone (4 mg / ml) (KRKA, Slovenia) for the 21st day at a dose of 1.2 mg / kg body weight 1 time / day. Control animals were injected with saline. Blood samples for biochemical studies were taken before the induction of osteoporosis and on the 7th, 14th, 21st day. Serum levels of total calcium (Ca) and phosphorus, activity of total alkaline phosphatase and its bone isoenzyme, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were determined. Measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer Stat Fax 4500. X-ray examinations were performed on an X-ray machine RUM-20 before the induction of osteoporosis and on the 7th, 14th, 21st day of the study. On the 14th day of the study, some areas of the spongy substance of the proximal femur have the appearance of a large-loop pattern due to the resorption of individual bone beams. There is also an expansion of the bone marrow canal due to bone resorption, thinning and emphasizing the edges of the cortical layer. On the 21st day, changes characteristic of osteoporosis were observed - low intensity of X-ray contrast shadow of bone, significant thinning of bone structure. Radiographically established changes in bone tissue correlate with biochemical parameters of rabbit blood. On the 21st day of osteoporosis induction in experimental animals, the level of total Ca decreased 2.1 times (p <0.001), and inorganic P increased 1.8 times (p <0.001), compared with normal and control animals. The level of total alkaline phosphatase and bone isoenzyme alkaline phosphatase on the 21st day of the study exceeded the performance of clinically healthy and control animals 1.1 times (p <0.001). The activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase increased dynamically and on the 14th day was 30.7 ± 0.36 units / l, which is 1.1 times (p <0.001) higher than its level in clinically healthy animals, and 21st day - 1.2 times (p <0.001), respectively. The corticosteroid model of osteoporosis causes the manifestation of its radiological signs on the 14th day after induction, accompanied by hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia with a decrease in Ca:P and increased activity of alkaline and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases. The complete pathochemical phase of osteoporosis occurs on the 21st day, which is manifested by a significant decrease in the ratio of phosphatases.\u0000Key words: secondary osteoporosis, bone fractures, corticosteroids, dexamethasone, compact and spongy bone tissue, rabbits.","PeriodicalId":34230,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii visnik veterinarnoyi meditsini","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69583047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-72-80
M. Savcheniuk, L. Kornienko, O. Tarasov, O. Dovgal, S. Bilyk, V. Dovhenko, T. Tsarenko
Streptococcus suis is an important associated pathogen with a wide range of diseases in pigs such as meningitis, septicemia, pneumonia, endocarditis and arthritis. S suis can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with a sick animal. The disease of pigs with streptococcus not only causes significant direct damage, but also contributes to the spread of viral infections such as PRRS, which is registered in 80% of cases on farms affected by streptococcus. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of streptococcal infections, as well as their role as a complicating factor in viral and bacterial diseases. An important factor in the spread of this disease is the irrational use of antibiotics of different groups, which contributes to the rapid acquisition of polyresistance of pathogenic microflora. The article presents the results of studies on the microbiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance of isolates of Streptococcus suis isolated from pathological material from sick pigs. In order to better and faster isolation of the pathogen, the features of its damage to organs and tissues and its localization in the body of piglets were studied. Epizootological monitoring of streptococcal outbreaks on pig farms in Ukraine was carried out. The farms on the basis of which the sampling was carried out are permanently unfavorable for streptococcus of piglets. Laboratory studies of S. suis field isolates found that all studied microorganisms fermented arginine, salicin, glycogen, D-glucose, sucrose, galactose, maltose, salicin, trehalose, inulin, with positive reactions to α-galactosidase, β-glucutane and β-glucura . Of the isolated Str. suis isolates, 87% were sensitive to erythromycin, 75% to clindamycin and 55% to cephalexin, 43% of isolates were resistant to gentamicin and 20% to enrofloxacin. It was found that in 25% of cases S. suis caused the disease in the form of acute monoinfection, in 20% of cases S. suis isolated E. coli, in 16% of cases - with Pasteurella multocida, in 11% of cases - with Haemophilus parasuis. Mixed infection was observed in 17% of cases. Key words: Streptococcus suis, antibiotic resistance, culture properties, diagnostic methods.
{"title":"Microbiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance of field isolates Streptococcus suis","authors":"M. Savcheniuk, L. Kornienko, O. Tarasov, O. Dovgal, S. Bilyk, V. Dovhenko, T. Tsarenko","doi":"10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-72-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-72-80","url":null,"abstract":"Streptococcus suis is an important associated pathogen with a wide range of diseases in pigs such as meningitis, septicemia, pneumonia, endocarditis and arthritis. S suis can be transmitted to humans through direct contact with a sick animal. The disease of pigs with streptococcus not only causes significant direct damage, but also contributes to the spread of viral infections such as PRRS, which is registered in 80% of cases on farms affected by streptococcus. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of streptococcal infections, as well as their role as a complicating factor in viral and bacterial diseases. An important factor in the spread of this disease is the irrational use of antibiotics of different groups, which contributes to the rapid acquisition of polyresistance of pathogenic microflora. The article presents the results of studies on the microbiological characteristics and antibiotic resistance of isolates of Streptococcus suis isolated from pathological material from sick pigs. In order to better and faster isolation of the pathogen, the features of its damage to organs and tissues and its localization in the body of piglets were studied. Epizootological monitoring of streptococcal outbreaks on pig farms in Ukraine was carried out. The farms on the basis of which the sampling was carried out are permanently unfavorable for streptococcus of piglets. Laboratory studies of S. suis field isolates found that all studied microorganisms fermented arginine, salicin, glycogen, D-glucose, sucrose, galactose, maltose, salicin, trehalose, inulin, with positive reactions to α-galactosidase, β-glucutane and β-glucura . Of the isolated Str. suis isolates, 87% were sensitive to erythromycin, 75% to clindamycin and 55% to cephalexin, 43% of isolates were resistant to gentamicin and 20% to enrofloxacin. It was found that in 25% of cases S. suis caused the disease in the form of acute monoinfection, in 20% of cases S. suis isolated E. coli, in 16% of cases - with Pasteurella multocida, in 11% of cases - with Haemophilus parasuis. Mixed infection was observed in 17% of cases.\u0000Key words: Streptococcus suis, antibiotic resistance, culture properties, diagnostic methods.","PeriodicalId":34230,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii visnik veterinarnoyi meditsini","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69583342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-101-109
Y. Duda, M. Prus
One of the actual problems in farming rabbits is a decrease of their resistance, that is often conditioned by the availability of eimeriosis pathogens, which is significantly widespread both in foreign countries and in Ukraine. A lot of researchers studied the particular qualities of the development of prothymeriosis immunity, the role of lymphocyte populations, and the antigenic composition at various stages of development of eimeria. The aim of the research was to study the influence of the association of pathogens Eimeria sрp. with different levels of invasion intensity on indicators of cellular immunity of rabbits. For the experiments, analogue groups of male rabbits of the Californian breed aged 3-5 months were selected. During scatological research, we have found that rabbits with eimeriosis had different levels of invasion intensity (II), according to which the animals were divided into three groups: I - low level of invasion intensity (II = 1838.89 ± 1114.68 oocysts in 1 g of feces), II - medium level (II = 39787.50 ± 13422.34 oocysts in 1 g of feces) and group III - high level (II = 88578.57 ± 17776.32 oocysts in 1 g of feces). In the blood of all rabbits with eimeriosis (association of the pathogens Eimeria magna, E. media, E. perforans, E. stiedae) there were leukocytosis, absolute lymphocytosis against the background of relative segmented neutropenia regardless of the intensity of invasion. At the same time, in the blood of animals of all experimental groups, in comparison with the control, the number of eosinophils was significantly (p <0.001) higher in absolute and percentage (p <0.05) values. The same pattern has been found for basophiles. The absolute number of T- and B-lymphocytes, T-helpers and T-active lymphocytes was significantly higher compared to a low percentage of O-lymphocytes. So, if sick rabbits have pathogens of Eimeria spp., the defense mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity with the participation of blood cells are activated. With an increase in the intensity of eimeriosis invasion in the blood of sick animals, the number of leukocytes, eosinophils and basophils increases against the background of a decrease in the percentage of segmented neutrophils. In the blood of rabbits with eimeriosis, a higher percentage of B-lymphocytes was noted, which had a weak positive correlation (r=0.28) with the level of invasion intensity, and a smaller number of O-lymphocytes. Key words: eimeriosis, leukogram, T-lymphocyte, B-lymphocyte, О-lymphocyte, T-helper, T-suppressor, T-active lymphocyte.
{"title":"Factors of cell immunity under exposure to the Eimeria spp","authors":"Y. Duda, M. Prus","doi":"10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-101-109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-101-109","url":null,"abstract":"One of the actual problems in farming rabbits is a decrease of their resistance, that is often conditioned by the availability of eimeriosis pathogens, which is significantly widespread both in foreign countries and in Ukraine. A lot of researchers studied the particular qualities of the development of prothymeriosis immunity, the role of lymphocyte populations, and the antigenic composition at various stages of development of eimeria. The aim of the research was to study the influence of the association of pathogens Eimeria sрp. with different levels of invasion intensity on indicators of cellular immunity of rabbits. For the experiments, analogue groups of male rabbits of the Californian breed aged 3-5 months were selected. During scatological research, we have found that rabbits with eimeriosis had different levels of invasion intensity (II), according to which the animals were divided into three groups: I - low level of invasion intensity (II = 1838.89 ± 1114.68 oocysts in 1 g of feces), II - medium level (II = 39787.50 ± 13422.34 oocysts in 1 g of feces) and group III - high level (II = 88578.57 ± 17776.32 oocysts in 1 g of feces). In the blood of all rabbits with eimeriosis (association of the pathogens Eimeria magna, E. media, E. perforans, E. stiedae) there were leukocytosis, absolute lymphocytosis against the background of relative segmented neutropenia regardless of the intensity of invasion. At the same time, in the blood of animals of all experimental groups, in comparison with the control, the number of eosinophils was significantly (p <0.001) higher in absolute and percentage (p <0.05) values. The same pattern has been found for basophiles. The absolute number of T- and B-lymphocytes, T-helpers and T-active lymphocytes was significantly higher compared to a low percentage of O-lymphocytes. So, if sick rabbits have pathogens of Eimeria spp., the defense mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity with the participation of blood cells are activated. With an increase in the intensity of eimeriosis invasion in the blood of sick animals, the number of leukocytes, eosinophils and basophils increases against the background of a decrease in the percentage of segmented neutrophils. In the blood of rabbits with eimeriosis, a higher percentage of B-lymphocytes was noted, which had a weak positive correlation (r=0.28) with the level of invasion intensity, and a smaller number of O-lymphocytes.\u0000Key words: eimeriosis, leukogram, T-lymphocyte, B-lymphocyte, О-lymphocyte, T-helper, T-suppressor, T-active lymphocyte.","PeriodicalId":34230,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii visnik veterinarnoyi meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47681670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-110-119
O. Yakubchak, N. Tyshkivskaya, M. Tyshkivsky
Recently, the problem of increasing the productivity of farm animals is one of the most important for veterinary medicine. Since the animals “programmed” for maximum productivity by selection turned out to be excessively exposed to anthropogenic and biological negative factors, the result of this is a decrease in their productivity. Conducted toxicological, microbiological, mycological and chromatographic studies of the organic feed additive ˮGreenat“, which includes humic acids. It is promising to study the possibility of using preparations containing humic substances to increase the productivity of farm animals and poultry, to enhance the general nonspecific resistance of the body. Given that peat is the raw material for the manufacture of the additive, toxicity, mycological and microbiological indicators are extremely important. Toxicological studies (bioassays on rabbits and Colpoda steinii culture) proved the absence of toxic substances, as evidenced by the activity of the colpoda infusoria for 10 minutes and 3 hours of the study, and the absence of hyperemia and inflammation on the skin of the rabbit. The number of mold fungi does not exceed the allowable limits of 1.5x102 CFU/g (according to the norm 5.0x104), qualitative studies revealed and identified by mass spectrometry the mold fungi A. alternata; C. cladosporioides, which belong to saprophytes and get into the organic feed additive "Grinat" from the remains of plants during their decomposition. Microscopic fungi Alternaria spp. participate in the decomposition and mineralization of plant residues due to the polygalacturonase enzyme complex, which allows them to attach themselves and exist in various conditions. Cladosporium spp. found outdoors and indoors, in degraded organic debris, produce secondary metabolites such as antibiotics that are inhibitors of B. subtilis, E. coli, and C. albicans. Microbiologically, Maldi Tof mass spectrometry detected Bacillus megaterium, which belongs to soil bacteria, and Staphylococcus hominis, found as a harmless commensal on the skin of humans and animals. Chromatographically confirmed the presence of essential amino acids: leucine (0.120%), valine (0.089%), threonine (0.064%), phenylalanine (0.039%), isoleucine (0.024%), histidine (0.021), methionine (0.011%), lysine (0.05%), tryptophan (0.007%). Accordingly, conditionally replaceable and non-essential amino acids, which can help to avoid a shortage of feed components in animal diets. Key words: Greenate, Colpoda steinii, general toxicity, amino acids, molds, Maldi Tof, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus hominis, A. alternata, C. cladosporioides.
{"title":"Toxicity, microbiological parameters and amino acid composition of the organic feed additive Grinat","authors":"O. Yakubchak, N. Tyshkivskaya, M. Tyshkivsky","doi":"10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-110-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-110-119","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, the problem of increasing the productivity of farm animals is one of the most important for veterinary medicine. Since the animals “programmed” for maximum productivity by selection turned out to be excessively exposed to anthropogenic and biological negative factors, the result of this is a decrease in their productivity. Conducted toxicological, microbiological, mycological and chromatographic studies of the organic feed additive ˮGreenat“, which includes humic acids. It is promising to study the possibility of using preparations containing humic substances to increase the productivity of farm animals and poultry, to enhance the general nonspecific resistance of the body. Given that peat is the raw material for the manufacture of the additive, toxicity, mycological and microbiological indicators are extremely important. Toxicological studies (bioassays on rabbits and Colpoda steinii culture) proved the absence of toxic substances, as evidenced by the activity of the colpoda infusoria for 10 minutes and 3 hours of the study, and the absence of hyperemia and inflammation on the skin of the rabbit. The number of mold fungi does not exceed the allowable limits of 1.5x102 CFU/g (according to the norm 5.0x104), qualitative studies revealed and identified by mass spectrometry the mold fungi A. alternata; C. cladosporioides, which belong to saprophytes and get into the organic feed additive \"Grinat\" from the remains of plants during their decomposition. Microscopic fungi Alternaria spp. participate in the decomposition and mineralization of plant residues due to the polygalacturonase enzyme complex, which allows them to attach themselves and exist in various conditions. Cladosporium spp. found outdoors and indoors, in degraded organic debris, produce secondary metabolites such as antibiotics that are inhibitors of B. subtilis, E. coli, and C. albicans. Microbiologically, Maldi Tof mass spectrometry detected Bacillus megaterium, which belongs to soil bacteria, and Staphylococcus hominis, found as a harmless commensal on the skin of humans and animals. Chromatographically confirmed the presence of essential amino acids: leucine (0.120%), valine (0.089%), threonine (0.064%), phenylalanine (0.039%), isoleucine (0.024%), histidine (0.021), methionine (0.011%), lysine (0.05%), tryptophan (0.007%). Accordingly, conditionally replaceable and non-essential amino acids, which can help to avoid a shortage of feed components in animal diets.\u0000Key words: Greenate, Colpoda steinii, general toxicity, amino acids, molds, Maldi Tof, Bacillus megaterium, Staphylococcus hominis, A. alternata, C. cladosporioides.","PeriodicalId":34230,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii visnik veterinarnoyi meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48471541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-33-42
V. Lyasota, N. Bogatko, N. Bukalova, V. Dzhmil, O. Khitska, T. Mazur, S. Tkachuk, T. Prilipko, S. Giptenko
The entry of domestic products into European markets has set Ukrainian entrepreneurs the task - to increase their production, ensure safety, quality and competitiveness. The purpose of the study is to assess the safety and quality of sweet butter obtained from various domestic producers, and to determine its falsification by the generally accepted method and the developed patented express method. The object of the study was the assessment of organoleptic, physicochemical, microbiological parameters and falsification of sweet butter obtained from various milk processing enterprises of Ukraine: Lustdorf LLC and Fooddevelopment LLC, Vinnytsia region; TDV "Yagotinsky butter factory"; PE "SIMOL", Kyiv region; State Enterprise "Starokostiantyniv Dairy Plant", Khmelnytsky region. Analytical, organoleptic (appearance, color, consistency, smell, taste) were used to achieve the research goal; physicochemical (mass fraction of moisture, mass fraction of fat, titrated acidity of plasma oil and acidity of fatty phase of oil, mass fraction of sodium chloride, determination of margarine and vegetable fats), microbiological (KMAFАNM, the presence of Escherichia coli bacteria, pathogenic microorganisms, in particular genus Salmonella, species Listeria monocytogenes; molds) and variation-statistical research methods. Developed patented express method for detecting adulteration of sweet cream oil using resorcinol solution in benzene with a mass fraction of 5.0% and concentrated hydrochloric acid can be used in production laboratories at milk and dairy products, supermarkets, wholesale bases, shops and public laboratories. in laboratories of veterinary and sanitary examination in agro-industrial markets. The oil produced by different manufacturers according to organoleptic parameters: appearance, color, texture, smell and taste met the requirements of DSTU 4399: 2005. According to physical and chemical parameters, the samples of sweet butter also met DSTU 4399: 2005, except for sample № 5 (SE "Starokostiantyniv Dairy Plant" of Khmelnytsky region), which showed an increase of + 0.6% by weight of sodium chloride. Research has established the falsification of sweet cream oil according to the developed patented method, according to which the probability in the indicators was 99.9%, produced: TDV "Yagotinsky butter factory" - up to 1.5% (light purple color) oil and "Farm Peasant", manufacturer LLC Food Development "- from 1.6 to 5.0% (bright purple color). Microbiological parameters of sweet butter: KMAFANM, bacteria of the Escherichia coli group, bacteria of the genus Salmonella, species Listeria monocytogenes, as well as molds met the requirements of DSTU 4399: 2005. Key words: sweet and butter, dairy processing enterprises of Ukraine, organoleptic, physicochemical, microbiological indicators, falsification, safety, quality.
{"title":"Safety and quality of sweet and cream oil of various domestic manufacturers and determining its falsification","authors":"V. Lyasota, N. Bogatko, N. Bukalova, V. Dzhmil, O. Khitska, T. Mazur, S. Tkachuk, T. Prilipko, S. Giptenko","doi":"10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-33-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-33-42","url":null,"abstract":"The entry of domestic products into European markets has set Ukrainian entrepreneurs the task - to increase their production, ensure safety, quality and competitiveness. The purpose of the study is to assess the safety and quality of sweet butter obtained from various domestic producers, and to determine its falsification by the generally accepted method and the developed patented express method. The object of the study was the assessment of organoleptic, physicochemical, microbiological parameters and falsification of sweet butter obtained from various milk processing enterprises of Ukraine: Lustdorf LLC and Fooddevelopment LLC, Vinnytsia region; TDV \"Yagotinsky butter factory\"; PE \"SIMOL\", Kyiv region; State Enterprise \"Starokostiantyniv Dairy Plant\", Khmelnytsky region. Analytical, organoleptic (appearance, color, consistency, smell, taste) were used to achieve the research goal; physicochemical (mass fraction of moisture, mass fraction of fat, titrated acidity of plasma oil and acidity of fatty phase of oil, mass fraction of sodium chloride, determination of margarine and vegetable fats), microbiological (KMAFАNM, the presence of Escherichia coli bacteria, pathogenic microorganisms, in particular genus Salmonella, species Listeria monocytogenes; molds) and variation-statistical research methods. Developed patented express method for detecting adulteration of sweet cream oil using resorcinol solution in benzene with a mass fraction of 5.0% and concentrated hydrochloric acid can be used in production laboratories at milk and dairy products, supermarkets, wholesale bases, shops and public laboratories. in laboratories of veterinary and sanitary examination in agro-industrial markets. The oil produced by different manufacturers according to organoleptic parameters: appearance, color, texture, smell and taste met the requirements of DSTU 4399: 2005. According to physical and chemical parameters, the samples of sweet butter also met DSTU 4399: 2005, except for sample № 5 (SE \"Starokostiantyniv Dairy Plant\" of Khmelnytsky region), which showed an increase of + 0.6% by weight of sodium chloride. Research has established the falsification of sweet cream oil according to the developed patented method, according to which the probability in the indicators was 99.9%, produced: TDV \"Yagotinsky butter factory\" - up to 1.5% (light purple color) oil and \"Farm Peasant\", manufacturer LLC Food Development \"- from 1.6 to 5.0% (bright purple color). Microbiological parameters of sweet butter: KMAFANM, bacteria of the Escherichia coli group, bacteria of the genus Salmonella, species Listeria monocytogenes, as well as molds met the requirements of DSTU 4399: 2005.\u0000Key words: sweet and butter, dairy processing enterprises of Ukraine, organoleptic, physicochemical, microbiological indicators, falsification, safety, quality.","PeriodicalId":34230,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii visnik veterinarnoyi meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48361621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-137-144
V. Novak, O. Bevz, A. Melnychenko, M. Ilnitsky, N. Prysyazhnyuk
The study of segmental innervation may be of practical interest, as pathological processes involving organs and tissues can be caused by damage to both peripheral and individual segmental nerves. Also, the occurrence of a pathological condition of the pelvic limb structures can be associated with various injuries, damage to the spinal cord, roots and segmental nerves of the sacral spine. The aim of the experimental research was to study the segmental formation of the main nerves of the sacral plexus – n. ischiadicus, n. tibialis, n. peroneus communis in cats. Unilateral extravertebral ganglioectomy of the lumbosacral segments – L 4, L5, L6, L7, S1, S2 was performed for the study. Samples of the main nerves were examined in polarized light to detect signs of Wallerian's degeneration at x400 magnification. This method allows you to easily distinguish degenerated nerve fibers at different stages of degeneration from normal. The micromorphology of the initial stages of degeneration is characterized by uneven thickening of the fibers, smoothing of the Ranvier nodes, dilated Schmidt-Lanterman notches, an increasein the number of myelin segments. At later stages of Wallerian's degeneration, the following are observed: edema and significant thickening of the myelin sheath, smoothing of fiber contours, formation of ovoids and fragmentary glow of myelin. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Student's t-test. In the course of research, it was found that in the formation of the main nerves of the sacral plexus: n. ischiadicus, n. tibialis, n. peroneus communis involves 6 segments of the lumbosacral spine - from L4 to S2. These nerves of the sacral plexus are polysegmental, which indicates their compensatory properties. The highest percentage of degenerated nerve fibers for the main nerves of the sacral plexus gives the 6th lumbar segment L6, which is the axial nerve. The obtained results can expand the knowledge of principles of segmentation in anatomy, to become a reference point for sacral regional epidural anesthesia for orthopedic operations on the pelvic limbs, nerve blockade to increase patient comfort in the postoperative period, lumbar puncture, neurotherapy. The method of polarization microscopy can be used as a clinically useful test for peripheral nerve biopsy to assess the state of neurodegenerative changes, monitoring regenerative and neuroprotective effects. Key words: Wallerian degeneration, segmental innervation, sacral plexus, polarization microscopy, cats.
{"title":"Segmental formation of the main nerves of the sacral plexus","authors":"V. Novak, O. Bevz, A. Melnychenko, M. Ilnitsky, N. Prysyazhnyuk","doi":"10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-137-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-137-144","url":null,"abstract":"The study of segmental innervation may be of practical interest, as pathological processes involving organs and tissues can be caused by damage to both peripheral and individual segmental nerves. Also, the occurrence of a pathological condition of the pelvic limb structures can be associated with various injuries, damage to the spinal cord, roots and segmental nerves of the sacral spine. The aim of the experimental research was to study the segmental formation of the main nerves of the sacral plexus – n. ischiadicus, n. tibialis, n. peroneus communis in cats. Unilateral extravertebral ganglioectomy of the lumbosacral segments – L 4, L5, L6, L7, S1, S2 was performed for the study. Samples of the main nerves were examined in polarized light to detect signs of Wallerian's degeneration at x400 magnification. This method allows you to easily distinguish degenerated nerve fibers at different stages of degeneration from normal. The micromorphology of the initial stages of degeneration is characterized by uneven thickening of the fibers, smoothing of the Ranvier nodes, dilated Schmidt-Lanterman notches, an increasein the number of myelin segments. At later stages of Wallerian's degeneration, the following are observed: edema and significant thickening of the myelin sheath, smoothing of fiber contours, formation of ovoids and fragmentary glow of myelin. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using Student's t-test. In the course of research, it was found that in the formation of the main nerves of the sacral plexus: n. ischiadicus, n. tibialis, n. peroneus communis involves 6 segments of the lumbosacral spine - from L4 to S2. These nerves of the sacral plexus are polysegmental, which indicates their compensatory properties. The highest percentage of degenerated nerve fibers for the main nerves of the sacral plexus gives the 6th lumbar segment L6, which is the axial nerve. The obtained results can expand the knowledge of principles of segmentation in anatomy, to become a reference point for sacral regional epidural anesthesia for orthopedic operations on the pelvic limbs, nerve blockade to increase patient comfort in the postoperative period, lumbar puncture, neurotherapy. The method of polarization microscopy can be used as a clinically useful test for peripheral nerve biopsy to assess the state of neurodegenerative changes, monitoring regenerative and neuroprotective effects.\u0000Key words: Wallerian degeneration, segmental innervation, sacral plexus, polarization microscopy, cats.","PeriodicalId":34230,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii visnik veterinarnoyi meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49327555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-92-100
A. Shaiko
Food sorbents are veterinary drugs and feed additives designed to bind toxic substances in the gastrointestinal tract and remove them from the body of animals. The goal of the work is to conduct a study of the effectiveness of the veterinary drug Sporo-Lex for use on pigs. Materials and methods. Probiotic Sporo-Lex is a mixture of probiotic cultures of Bacillus licheniformis VK-25 and Bacillus subtilis MK-3 on a natural standardized sorbent (montmorillonite rock of the Volodymyretsk city deposit). The research was carried out in the conditions of a private pig farm on 74-day-old landrace pigs, while 76 animals were involved in the experiment (36 heads - experimental and 36 heads - control), groups were formed according to the principle of analogs. The number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin content, bactericidal activity of blood serum (BABS), level of phagocytic activity of leukocytes, phagocytic index, as well as the concentration of Escherichia coli bacteria in feces were determined. Results of research and discussion. As a result of the study of the dynamics of changes in the number of erythrocytes in the blood of experimental and control subjects, it was established that on the 13th day, the number of erythrocytes in the blood of the animals treated with Sporo-Lex significantly increased on the 25th day of the study. The results of the quantitative determination of the level of hemoglobin in the blood of the experimental and control groups of pigs indicate a significant increase in the level of hemoglobin in the experimental group, on the 13th day, in accordance with the control. At the same time, the probability level was 99.6% for experimental group 1 and 99.9% for group 2. A significant increase in the BABS of pigs was recorded from the 13th day of the experiment. At the same time, the level of probability was 98%. According to the obtained results of the study of the influence of the probiotic Sporo-lex on the level of phagocytic activity of blood leukocytes of pigs, it was established that its significant increase was observed on the 4th day of the experiment, in the experimental group it was (42±1.75)%, while in the control group – (34±1.75) %.Probiotic Sporo-Lex when applied to pigs, according to the obtained data, in the experimental group, a significant increase in the phagocytic blood index was observed on the 4th day, and amounted to (2.8±0.1)%, while in the control this indicator was (2.5±0.12) %. Regarding the influence of the probiotic Sporo-Lex on the concentration of bacteria of the Escherichia coli group in feces, it was established that in the animals of the experimental group, on the 25th day, a significant decrease in the concentration of coli group bacteria was observed to (3.2±0.7)×105, while in the animals of the control group group their concentration was (9.8±0.3)×105. According to the research results, it was established that the probiotic Sporo-Lex in the animals of the experimental group increases the average statistic
{"title":"Study of Sporo-Lex probiotic effectiveness on pigs","authors":"A. Shaiko","doi":"10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-92-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33245/2310-4902-2022-173-1-92-100","url":null,"abstract":"Food sorbents are veterinary drugs and feed additives designed to bind toxic substances in the gastrointestinal tract and remove them from the body of animals. The goal of the work is to conduct a study of the effectiveness of the veterinary drug Sporo-Lex for use on pigs. Materials and methods. Probiotic Sporo-Lex is a mixture of probiotic cultures of Bacillus licheniformis VK-25 and Bacillus subtilis MK-3 on a natural standardized sorbent (montmorillonite rock of the Volodymyretsk city deposit). The research was carried out in the conditions of a private pig farm on 74-day-old landrace pigs, while 76 animals were involved in the experiment (36 heads - experimental and 36 heads - control), groups were formed according to the principle of analogs. The number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin content, bactericidal activity of blood serum (BABS), level of phagocytic activity of leukocytes, phagocytic index, as well as the concentration of Escherichia coli bacteria in feces were determined. Results of research and discussion. As a result of the study of the dynamics of changes in the number of erythrocytes in the blood of experimental and control subjects, it was established that on the 13th day, the number of erythrocytes in the blood of the animals treated with Sporo-Lex significantly increased on the 25th day of the study. The results of the quantitative determination of the level of hemoglobin in the blood of the experimental and control groups of pigs indicate a significant increase in the level of hemoglobin in the experimental group, on the 13th day, in accordance with the control. At the same time, the probability level was 99.6% for experimental group 1 and 99.9% for group 2. A significant increase in the BABS of pigs was recorded from the 13th day of the experiment. At the same time, the level of probability was 98%. According to the obtained results of the study of the influence of the probiotic Sporo-lex on the level of phagocytic activity of blood leukocytes of pigs, it was established that its significant increase was observed on the 4th day of the experiment, in the experimental group it was (42±1.75)%, while in the control group – (34±1.75) %.Probiotic Sporo-Lex when applied to pigs, according to the obtained data, in the experimental group, a significant increase in the phagocytic blood index was observed on the 4th day, and amounted to (2.8±0.1)%, while in the control this indicator was (2.5±0.12) %. Regarding the influence of the probiotic Sporo-Lex on the concentration of bacteria of the Escherichia coli group in feces, it was established that in the animals of the experimental group, on the 25th day, a significant decrease in the concentration of coli group bacteria was observed to (3.2±0.7)×105, while in the animals of the control group group their concentration was (9.8±0.3)×105. According to the research results, it was established that the probiotic Sporo-Lex in the animals of the experimental group increases the average statistic","PeriodicalId":34230,"journal":{"name":"Naukovii visnik veterinarnoyi meditsini","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48627188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：