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STRATEGIC APPROACHES TO THE REVISION OF THE TAX BURDEN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE SECTORS OF THE RA ECONOMY 在经济各部门范围内修订税负的战略方针
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.31435/rsglobal_ijite/30122022/7923
Arthur Armen Matevosyan
The article discussed the strategic approaches to the revision of the tax burden in the context of the RA economy. accordingly, dynamic models were developed and evaluated, through which it is possible to identify the impact of the tax burden on the economic sectors of the economy. The assessment of the impact of the tax burden on the economic sectors was given by means of the economic-mathematical toolkit, as well as for the purpose of making objective decisions regarding the change of the tax burden. For this purpose, for the development of the sectors of the RA economy, it was proposed to review the amount of the tax burden, in particular, to implement strategic steps consisting of three stages.
文章讨论了在RA经济背景下修订税收负担的战略方法。因此,开发和评估了动态模型,通过这些模型可以确定税收负担对经济部门的影响。通过经济数学工具包对税收负担对经济部门的影响进行了评估,目的是就税收负担的变化做出客观决定。为此,为了发展RA经济部门,建议审查税收负担,特别是实施由三个阶段组成的战略步骤。
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引用次数: 0
STRATEGIC WAYS OF MINING INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT 矿业发展的战略路径
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.31435/rsglobal_ijite/30122022/7922
Harutyunyan Lusine
This paper reviews the strategic ways of developing the mining industry, as well as reveals the shortcomings of the legal framework hindering the development of the sector, and discusses the accounting complexity. The article substantiates that the mining industry has a significant share in the national economy of the Republic of Armenia, and the goal of the development of the sector is to contribute to the sustainable development of the country by highlighting the existing problems, as well as increase the ranking and competitiveness of the RA mining companies in the international market.
本文回顾了矿业发展的战略途径,揭示了阻碍矿业发展的法律框架的缺陷,并讨论了会计的复杂性。文章证实,采矿业在亚美尼亚共和国国民经济中占有重要份额,该行业发展的目标是通过突出现有问题为国家的可持续发展做出贡献,并提高RA矿业公司在国际市场上的排名和竞争力。
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引用次数: 0
POSSIBILITIES OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF MODERN ADVERTISING MEANS IN ELECTRONIC TRADE 提高电子贸易中现代广告手段效率的可能性
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.31435/rsglobal_ijite/30122022/7927
Guliko Katamadze
The article discusses the possibilities of increasing the effectiveness of advertising means in modern electronic trade. The demand for modern advertising means has increased in Georgia, and the increase in the effectiveness of their use will help the development of electronic commerce in Georgia. The purpose of the study is to determine the prospects for the development of e-commerce in Georgia in the post-covid period, to study the possibilities of modern advertising means in this field, and to determine the ways of their implementation. Methods of collecting, grouping, and analyzing materials about electronic commerce were used in the development of the paper. The method of data collection is mainly used in the electronic trade system of Georgia, on the basis of which the possibilities of using modern advertising means in this field were identified and recommendations for their implementation were developed. In order to increase the competitiveness of the food and nutrition products produced in Georgia, it is necessary to improve the connections between the separate links of their production, to synchronize the production processes. In order to increase the level of food self-sufficiency of Georgia, it is necessary to protect the production of import-substituting, domestic, agrarian products with non-tariff barriers, and to properly manage their production and logistics. Significant and rapid changes in the global supply chain of food and nutrition products provoked by the Covid-19 pandemic have become an opportunity to increase the level of food self-sufficiency of Georgia, which needs to be properly used.
本文探讨了在现代电子贸易中提高广告手段有效性的可能性。格鲁吉亚对现代广告手段的需求有所增加,其使用效果的提高将有助于格鲁吉亚电子商务的发展。本研究的目的是确定后疫情时期格鲁吉亚电子商务发展的前景,研究现代广告手段在该领域的可能性,并确定其实施方式。本文采用了收集、整理、分析电子商务相关资料的方法。数据收集方法主要用于格鲁吉亚的电子贸易系统,在此基础上确定了在这一领域使用现代广告手段的可能性,并制定了实施这些手段的建议。为了提高格鲁吉亚生产的食品和营养产品的竞争力,必须改善其生产各个环节之间的联系,使生产过程同步。为了提高格鲁吉亚的粮食自给自足水平,有必要以非关税壁垒保护替代进口的国内农产品的生产,并妥善管理其生产和物流。2019冠状病毒病大流行引发的全球食品和营养产品供应链的重大和快速变化,已成为提高格鲁吉亚粮食自给自足水平的机会,需要妥善利用这一机会。
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引用次数: 0
NEW RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATIONAL CURRENCY RATE AND INFLATION 国家货币汇率与通货膨胀的新关系
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.31435/rsglobal_ijite/30122022/7929
Ramin Tsinaridze, Ana Sarishvili
The exchange rate and inflation indicators reflect how expensive or cheap this monetary resource will be for society or business entities. Given Georgia’s transitional and open economy, which is also dependent on imports and the national currency is pegged to the US dollar with a floating exchange rate, the price of these resources is volatile over time. The given dynamics in the last 30 years are typical for both standard and crisis periods. To define economic stability, we will use the following indicators within the scope of this work – Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation and national currency exchange rate. We need to focus on the last two indicators for the sake of this research. For individuals and legal entities, these data are essential for their short, medium and long-term activities – accumulation and spending of monetary resources, purchases, sales, demand allocations, etc. The study considers two major crises, which Georgia went through in the form of a typical crisis with the 2008 Russia- Georgia war. It continues as an atypical crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war. Both events significantly impacted on our country’s inflation rate and the national currency exchange rate. Accordingly, it will be interesting to determine what kind of correlation was revealed in the first crisis and what new correlation was formed within the second indefinite crisis. As a result of regression and correlation analysis, it has been determined what contribution the monetary policy rate had in managing the mentioned crises and how much it helped Georgia’s economy. In particular, the influence of the monetary policy rate on the exchange and inflation rates has been studied.
汇率和通货膨胀指标反映了这种货币资源对社会或商业实体来说有多贵或多便宜。鉴于格鲁吉亚的转型和开放经济也依赖于进口,而且该国货币采用浮动汇率与美元挂钩,这些资源的价格随着时间的推移而波动。过去30年的给定动态在标准时期和危机时期都是典型的。为了定义经济稳定性,我们将在本工作范围内使用以下指标-国内生产总值(GDP),通货膨胀率和国家货币汇率。为了本研究的目的,我们需要关注后两个指标。对于个人和法人实体来说,这些数据对于他们的短期、中期和长期活动——货币资源的积累和支出、采购、销售、需求分配等——至关重要。该研究考虑了两个主要危机,格鲁吉亚以2008年俄罗斯-格鲁吉亚战争的典型危机形式经历了这两个危机。由于新冠肺炎大流行和俄罗斯-乌克兰战争,它仍然是一场非典型危机。这两件事都对我国的通货膨胀率和国家货币汇率产生了重大影响。因此,确定在第一次危机中揭示了什么样的相关性,在第二次不确定的危机中形成了什么样的新相关性,将是一件有趣的事情。通过回归和相关分析,确定了货币政策利率在管理上述危机中的作用以及对格鲁吉亚经济的帮助程度。特别研究了货币政策利率对汇率和通货膨胀率的影响。
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引用次数: 0
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN BLOCKCHAIN-PROVIDE DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY 区块链中的人工智能——提供数字技术
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.31435/rsglobal_ijite/30122022/7931
Dziatkovskii Anton
Artificial intelligence technologies, today, are rapidly developing and are an important branch of Computer Science. Artificial intelligence is at the heart of research and development of theory, methods, technologies, and applications for modeling and expanding human intelligence. Artificial intelligence technology has three key aspects, namely data, algorithm, and computing power, in the sense that training an algorithm to produce a classification model requires significant data, and the learning process requires improved computing capabilities. In the age of big data, information can come from a variety of sources (such as sensor systems, Internet of Things (IoT) devices and systems, as well as social media platforms) and/or belong to different stakeholders. This mostly leads to a number of problems. One of the key problems is isolated data Islands, where data from a single source/stakeholder is not available to other parties or training an artificial intelligence model, or it is financially difficult or impractical to collect a large amount of distributed data for Centralized Processing and training. There is also a risk of becoming a single point of failure in centralized architectures, which can lead to data intrusion. In addition, data from different sources may be unstructured and differ in quality, and it may also be difficult to determine the source and validity of the data. There is also a risk of invalid or malicious data. All these restrictions may affect the accuracy of the forecast. In practice, artificial intelligence models are created, trained, and used by various subjects. The learning process is not transparent to users, and users may not fully trust the model they are using. In addition, as artificial intelligence algorithms become more complex, it is difficult for people to understand how the result of training is obtained. So, recently there has been a tendency to move away from centralized approaches to artificial intelligence to decentralized ones.
人工智能技术发展迅速,是计算机科学的一个重要分支。人工智能是建模和扩展人类智能的理论、方法、技术和应用研究和开发的核心。人工智能技术有三个关键方面,即数据、算法和计算能力,因为训练算法生成分类模型需要大量数据,而学习过程需要提高计算能力。在大数据时代,信息可以来自各种来源(如传感器系统、物联网设备和系统以及社交媒体平台)和/或属于不同的利益相关者。这主要导致了许多问题。其中一个关键问题是孤立的数据孤岛,来自单一来源/利益相关者的数据无法提供给其他方或培训人工智能模型,或者为集中处理和培训收集大量分布式数据在财务上困难或不切实际。在集中式体系结构中,也存在成为单点故障的风险,这可能导致数据入侵。此外,来自不同来源的数据可能是非结构化的,质量不同,而且可能很难确定数据的来源和有效性。还存在无效或恶意数据的风险。所有这些限制都可能影响预测的准确性。在实践中,人工智能模型被各种主体创建、训练和使用。学习过程对用户来说是不透明的,用户可能不会完全信任他们正在使用的模型。此外,随着人工智能算法变得更加复杂,人们很难理解训练的结果是如何获得的。因此,最近有一种趋势,从集中的人工智能方法转向分散的人工智能。
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引用次数: 0
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE PLACE AND ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE PROCESS OF AUDITING ACTIVITY REGULATION IN GEORGIA 专业组织在格鲁吉亚审计活动监管过程中的地位和作用的重要性
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.31435/rsglobal_ijite/30122022/7928
Zaza Tripolski
Regulation of audit activities and quality control of these activities in Georgia gradually developed from the second half of the 90s of the last century and ended with the fact that for this purpose the state created the accounting, reporting and audit supervision service (SARAS) in the Ministry of Finance as a structural unit of the Ministry. Before that, the state could not effectively and strictly control the audit activities and this role was entrusted to the professional organization - the Georgian Federation of Professional Accountants and Auditors (GFPAA), and earlier there was the Council of Audit Activities under the Parliament of Georgia. But this positive event also led to negative events, which, in my specific opinion, I can consider: 1. Strong monopolistic role of the state and weakening of the role of professional organizations; 2. Serious threat of liquidation of small and medium audit firms and oligopolization of audit services in the hands of large audit firms; Real prospective threat of unemployment of auditors employed in small and medium audit firms. The subject of the research of this topic is the role of professional organizations in the process of auditing activity regulation.
格鲁吉亚对审计活动的监管和对这些活动的质量控制从上世纪90年代后半叶开始逐步发展,最终国家为此在财政部设立了会计、报告和审计监督处,作为财政部的一个结构单位。在此之前,国家无法有效而严格地控制审计活动,这一角色被委托给专业组织——格鲁吉亚专业会计师和审计师联合会(GFPAA),早些时候,格鲁吉亚议会下设审计活动委员会。但这一积极事件也导致了消极事件,在我看来,我可以考虑:1。国家垄断作用强,专业组织作用弱化;2.中小型审计事务所面临清算的严重威胁,大型审计事务所垄断审计服务;受雇于中小型审计公司的审计师失业的实际潜在威胁。本课题的研究对象是专业组织在审计活动监管过程中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH TO THE INTERPRETATION OF THE TERM «ECONOMIC SECURITY OF ENTERPRISES» 企业经济安全术语解释的进化方法
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.31435/rsglobal_ijite/30122022/7926
Tetiana Fedorenko, Serhii Dolynskyi, Alona Zahorodnia
The article examines the evolutionary development of the concepts «security», «economic security» and «economic security of the enterprise». The types of internal and external threats are analyzed. The evolution and definition of the concept are considered, the components of economic security, risks and main goals of economic security of enterprises are derived. It was determined that the concept of «economic security» allows us to understand that modern enterprises, being in various situations, are forced to make risky decisions to prevent threats and dangers. The concept of «economic security of the enterprise» is characterized. It was determined that the economic security of the enterprise is an extremely deep concept. In the most general form, it can be characterized as the absence of various dangers and threats, which, obviously, is hardly possible in the world. The concept of economic security of enterprises is generalized and a more precise definition is given, where it is indicated that the economic security of an enterprise is a system that provides the possibility of preventing various threats and as a result of neutralizing these threats, it protects the economic interests of the enterprise and prevents losses above the critical limit.
本文考察了“安全”、“经济安全”和“企业经济安全”概念的演变过程。分析了内部威胁和外部威胁的类型。考虑了这一概念的演变和定义,推导了经济安全的组成部分、企业经济安全的风险和主要目标。据确定,“经济安全”的概念使我们能够理解,现代企业在各种情况下,被迫做出风险决策,以防止威胁和危险。“企业经济安全”的概念具有特点。认定企业的经济安全是一个极其深刻的概念。在最普遍的形式中,它可以被描述为没有各种危险和威胁,这显然在世界上是不可能的。概括了企业经济安全的概念,给出了一个更精确的定义,指出企业的经济安全是一个提供预防各种威胁的可能性的系统,通过消除这些威胁,它保护了企业的经济利益,防止了超过临界限度的损失。
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引用次数: 0
PROBLEMS OF FOOD SECURITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE OPEN ECONOMY OF MODERN GEORGIA 现代格鲁吉亚开放经济条件下的粮食安全问题
Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.31435/rsglobal_ijite/30122022/7895
Davit Katamadze
The article discusses the problems of food security in the open economy of modern Georgia against the background of the ongoing hostilities between Russia and Ukraine. After the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the attention of almost all countries of the world, including Georgia, was focused on self-sufficiency of the demand of their population with local agricultural and food products. In such conditions, Georgia has a chance to expand domestic production of agricultural and food products. In order to increase the competitiveness of the food and nutrition products produced in Georgia, it is necessary to improve the connections between the separate links of their production, to synchronize the production processes. In order to increase the level of food self-sufficiency of Georgia, it is necessary to protect the production of import-substituting, domestic, agrarian products with non-tariff barriers, and to properly manage their production and logistics. Significant and rapid changes in the global supply chain of food and nutrition products provoked by the Covid-19 pandemic have become an opportunity to increase the level of food self-sufficiency of Georgia, which needs to be properly used.
本文以俄罗斯和乌克兰之间持续的敌对行动为背景,讨论了现代格鲁吉亚开放经济中的粮食安全问题。新冠肺炎疫情蔓延后,包括格鲁吉亚在内的世界上几乎所有国家的注意力都集中在当地农产品和食品满足其人口需求上。在这种情况下,格鲁吉亚有机会扩大国内农产品和粮食生产。为了提高格鲁吉亚生产的食品和营养产品的竞争力,有必要改善其生产各个环节之间的联系,使生产过程同步。为了提高格鲁吉亚的粮食自给自足水平,有必要保护具有非关税壁垒的进口替代品、国内农产品的生产,并妥善管理其生产和物流。新冠肺炎疫情引发的全球食品和营养产品供应链的重大快速变化,已成为提高格鲁吉亚粮食自给自足水平的机会,需要妥善利用这一点。
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引用次数: 0
BASIC CONCEPTS OF PUBLIC DIPLOMACY 公共外交的基本概念
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.37332/2309-1533.2022.4.2
Inna Khomenska, O. Ivashchuk
Purpose. The aim of the article is to identify the basic concepts of the formation of public diplomacy.Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the fundamental provisions of the modern theory of international economic relations, scientific works of scientists. In the process of research, general scientific and special methods were used, in particular: dialectical, monographic and systemic analysis – to substantiate the essence of the functioning of modern diplomacy; analysis and synthesis – for studying the object and subject of research; abstract and logical – during the formation of theoretical generalizations, assumptions, conclusions.Findings. Distinctive features of modern diplomacy, new forms and methods of conduct are considered. The historical development of public diplomacy is defined. It is emphasized that in the information age, public diplomacy acquires a new character and covers wider areas. It is substantiated that the European integration vector of Ukraine's foreign policy forces more active use of public diplomacy tools. The peculiarities of the formation of the image and reputation of the country, including with the help of tools of public diplomacy, are revealed. The strategic aspect of the development of Ukraine's public diplomacy through countering the threats that are growing in war conditions is argued.Originality. The theoretical concepts of public diplomacy and the peculiarities of the implementation of its tools are revealed. The theoretical and methodological approaches to uncovering the essence of public diplomacy on the basis of the generalization of existing scientific approaches, the involvement of soft power in the implementation of public diplomacy projects have gained further development. The strategic vectors of Ukraine's public diplomacy through countering modern threats are substantiated.Practical value. The obtained results of the research can be used for further scientific developments on improving the theoretical basis of public diplomacy and increasing its role in international relations.Key words: global transformations, cultural diplomacy, international security, international image, propaganda, public diplomacy, social and economic processes, Public Diplomacy Strategy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine.
目的。本文的目的是确定公共外交形成的基本概念。研究方法。本研究的理论和方法基础是现代国际经济关系理论的基本规定、科学家的科学著作。在研究过程中,运用了一般的科学方法和特殊的方法,特别是辩证分析、专题分析和系统分析,以证实现代外交功能的本质;分析和综合——用于研究研究对象和主题;抽象的和逻辑的——在形成理论概括、假设、结论、发现的过程中。探讨了现代外交的鲜明特点、新的外交形式和外交方法。界定了公共外交的历史发展。强调在信息时代,公共外交具有了新的特点,涉及的领域更加广泛。事实证明,欧洲一体化矢量对乌克兰外交政策力量的影响更大,公共外交工具的使用更为积极。揭示了国家形象和声誉形成的特殊性,包括在公共外交工具的帮助下。通过对抗战争条件下日益增长的威胁,讨论了乌克兰公共外交发展的战略方面。揭示了公共外交的理论概念及其工具实施的特殊性。在对现有科学方法进行概括的基础上,揭示公共外交本质的理论和方法途径得到了进一步的发展,软实力介入公共外交项目的实施。通过应对现代威胁,乌克兰公共外交的战略载体得到了证实。实用价值。研究成果可为进一步科学发展公共外交理论基础,提高公共外交在国际关系中的作用提供参考。关键词:全球转型,文化外交,国际安全,国际形象,宣传,公共外交,社会和经济进程,乌克兰外交部公共外交战略
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引用次数: 0
EXCHANGES AND WAR: HISTORICAL PARALLELS AND THE UKRAINIAN CASE 交流与战争:历史对比与乌克兰案例
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.37332/2309-1533.2022.4.1
O. Sokhatska
Purpose. The aim of the article is to reveal the trends of the influence of the large-scale military invasion of Russia into Ukraine on the stock exchanges of the countries participating in the war, in particular, and the world stock markets in general, based on the analysis of the dynamics of stock exchange prices on securities rates.Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the position of modern economic theory, scientific works of scientists. In the research process, general scientific and special methods were used, in particular: dialectical, monographic and systemic analysis – to substantiate the essence of the stock market; analysis and synthesis – for studying the object and subject of research; comparative analysis – to compare economic indicators in time and space; graphic – for a visual display of the dynamics of exchange prices for securities rates; abstract and logical – during the formation of theoretical generalizations, assumptions, conclusions.Findings. Peculiarities of changes in exchange prices for securities rates during two centuries are considered. The trends of the influence of Russia's large-scale military invasion of Ukraine on the stock exchanges of the countries participating in the war in particular and the world stock markets in general have been revealed. The influence of past wars on the dynamics of changes in prices and exchange rates of stock exchange assets has been studied. The feature of digitalization of the world economy is emphasized, in particular, the importance of cryptocurrency exchanges on financial markets.Originality. The importance of cryptocurrency exchanges in the context of military operations is substantiated, in particular the activity of the Binance exchange in evading sanctions by the Russian military.Practical value. The main results of the conducted research will create favourable conditions for a better understanding of the role of cryptocurrency exchanges in the modern conditions of economic activity of business entities and countries.Key words: financial market, stock exchange, security, stock trading, cryptocurrency exchange, cryptocurrency market, Binance, military invasion.
目的。本文的目的是揭示俄罗斯大规模军事入侵乌克兰对参与战争的国家的股票交易所的影响趋势,特别是,在分析股票交易所价格对证券利率的动态的基础上,世界股票市场总的来说。研究方法。研究的理论和方法基础是现代经济理论的立场、科学家的科学著作。在研究过程中,运用了一般的科学方法和特殊的方法,特别是辩证分析、专题分析和系统分析,以充实股票市场的本质;分析和综合——用于研究研究对象和主题;比较分析——在时间和空间上比较经济指标;图形-用于直观显示证券汇率的汇率动态;抽象的和逻辑的——在形成理论概括、假设、结论、发现的过程中。考虑了两个世纪以来证券汇率变动的特殊性。本文揭示了俄罗斯大规模军事入侵乌克兰对参战国证券交易所特别是世界证券市场的影响趋势。研究了过去战争对证券交易所资产价格和汇率动态变化的影响。强调了世界经济数字化的特点,特别是加密货币交易对金融市场的重要性。加密货币交易所在军事行动背景下的重要性得到了证实,特别是币安交易所在逃避俄罗斯军方制裁方面的活动。实用价值。所进行的研究的主要结果将为更好地理解加密货币交易所在商业实体和国家的现代经济活动条件下的作用创造有利条件。关键词:金融市场,证券交易所,证券交易,加密货币交易所,加密货币市场,币安,军事入侵。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Economy
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