Pub Date : 2025-04-16DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3561513
Xin Xiu;Weihao Tu;Kun Tang;Xiaojiao Zhao;Jin Long;Wenjie Feng;Wenquan Che
This work presents a novel design method for ultra-wideband absorbers using frequency-dispersive materials. In this method, a characterization model for permittivity is constructed and then integrated with a modified genetic algorithm for further optimization. Firstly, a carbon nanotube (CNT) doped paper composite (PC) is presented, which exhibits obvious frequency-dependent dielectric loss characteristics. The composite is then incorporated into a periodic-plate array (PPA), thereby enabling flexible adjustment of the effective permittivity. Secondly, a Beta-distribution mathematical model is proposed to characterize the frequency-dependent permittivity of the PC-loaded PPAs. The model is then integrated with a genetic algorithm, offering an efficient approach for determining the optimal permittivity of materials in a multilayer absorber, thus achieving ultra-wideband absorption at a specific thickness. For demonstration, a three-layered absorber is designed and then fabricated using the presented CNT-doped composites with sheet resistances of $100Omega $ /sq and $150Omega $ /sq. The designed absorber has an absorption band (RL<−10dB)> $0.16{lambda }_{mathrm { L}}$ ). The simulated and measured results exhibit good agreement, validating our proposed method.
{"title":"Efficient Optimization Design Method for Ultra-Wideband Absorber Utilizing Frequency-Dispersive Paper-Composites","authors":"Xin Xiu;Weihao Tu;Kun Tang;Xiaojiao Zhao;Jin Long;Wenjie Feng;Wenquan Che","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3561513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3561513","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a novel design method for ultra-wideband absorbers using frequency-dispersive materials. In this method, a characterization model for permittivity is constructed and then integrated with a modified genetic algorithm for further optimization. Firstly, a carbon nanotube (CNT) doped paper composite (PC) is presented, which exhibits obvious frequency-dependent dielectric loss characteristics. The composite is then incorporated into a periodic-plate array (PPA), thereby enabling flexible adjustment of the effective permittivity. Secondly, a Beta-distribution mathematical model is proposed to characterize the frequency-dependent permittivity of the PC-loaded PPAs. The model is then integrated with a genetic algorithm, offering an efficient approach for determining the optimal permittivity of materials in a multilayer absorber, thus achieving ultra-wideband absorption at a specific thickness. For demonstration, a three-layered absorber is designed and then fabricated using the presented CNT-doped composites with sheet resistances of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$100Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/sq and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$150Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula>/sq. The designed absorber has an absorption band (RL<−10dB)> <tex-math>$0.16{lambda }_{mathrm { L}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The simulated and measured results exhibit good agreement, validating our proposed method.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 4","pages":"1084-1095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10966442","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-15DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3560875
Felipe Vico;Luis Jimenez;Marta Cabedo-Fabres;Carmen Bachiller;Aleksandr Voronov
In this study, we employ the adjoint method to design a Gradient Index (GRIN) lens at 10 GHz, optimizing the dielectric constant at each point to meet specific goal functions. Our optimization framework incorporates a 2D FFT-integral equation solver, delivering solutions within seconds. The entire optimization process is completed in just minutes, presenting a highly efficient approach to lens design. The optimized lens is fabricated using advanced 3D printing techniques, ensuring high precision and cost-effective manufacturing. The resulting design features a unique ring-shaped lens with a central piece of lower contrast, weighing a total of 207 grams and achieving an aperture efficiency of 55.9% as experimentally measured, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method. The 3D printing process facilitates the rapid prototyping of such GRIN lenses, demonstrating its potential for applications requiring lightweight and compact designs. This approach opens avenues for further optimization and practical applications in communication systems and beyond.
{"title":"Designing X-Band Lenses With the Adjoint Method and 3-D Printing Techniques","authors":"Felipe Vico;Luis Jimenez;Marta Cabedo-Fabres;Carmen Bachiller;Aleksandr Voronov","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3560875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3560875","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we employ the adjoint method to design a Gradient Index (GRIN) lens at 10 GHz, optimizing the dielectric constant at each point to meet specific goal functions. Our optimization framework incorporates a 2D FFT-integral equation solver, delivering solutions within seconds. The entire optimization process is completed in just minutes, presenting a highly efficient approach to lens design. The optimized lens is fabricated using advanced 3D printing techniques, ensuring high precision and cost-effective manufacturing. The resulting design features a unique ring-shaped lens with a central piece of lower contrast, weighing a total of 207 grams and achieving an aperture efficiency of 55.9% as experimentally measured, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method. The 3D printing process facilitates the rapid prototyping of such GRIN lenses, demonstrating its potential for applications requiring lightweight and compact designs. This approach opens avenues for further optimization and practical applications in communication systems and beyond.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 4","pages":"1061-1070"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10965733","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-14DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3560577
Buon Kiong Lau
Dual-band shared-aperture Fabry-Pérot cavity (DS-FPC) antennas with single-layer partially reflective surface (PRS) are inherently limited in the achievable frequency ratio. This paper analyzes such antennas to derive the feasible range of frequency ratio and thereafter proposes a dual-band shared-aperture antenna that can fill the frequency ratio gap. The novel design integrates a short backfire antenna for the low band (LB) and a Fabry-Pérot cavity (FPC) antenna for the high band (HB), utilizing a shared single-layer PRS and a parasitic element. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the solution, a prototype was designed and fabricated for the frequency ratio of 1.64, representing the extreme limit of the infeasible frequency ratio gap for conventional DS-FPC antennas with single-layer PRS. The overall height of the antenna is 0.36 and 0.59 wavelength in LB and HB, respectively. The prototype achieves 7.3% and 6.7% of measured overlapping 10dB impedance bandwidth and 3dB realized gain bandwidth, significantly outperforming other designs with single-layer PRS. Moreover, it generally offers simpler structure, lower profile, as well as more balanced overlapping bandwidths when compared to other designs with multi-layer PRS.
{"title":"Dual-Band Shared-Aperture Single-Layer Partially Reflective Surface Antenna With Flexible Frequency Ratio","authors":"Buon Kiong Lau","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3560577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3560577","url":null,"abstract":"Dual-band shared-aperture Fabry-Pérot cavity (DS-FPC) antennas with single-layer partially reflective surface (PRS) are inherently limited in the achievable frequency ratio. This paper analyzes such antennas to derive the feasible range of frequency ratio and thereafter proposes a dual-band shared-aperture antenna that can fill the frequency ratio gap. The novel design integrates a short backfire antenna for the low band (LB) and a Fabry-Pérot cavity (FPC) antenna for the high band (HB), utilizing a shared single-layer PRS and a parasitic element. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the solution, a prototype was designed and fabricated for the frequency ratio of 1.64, representing the extreme limit of the infeasible frequency ratio gap for conventional DS-FPC antennas with single-layer PRS. The overall height of the antenna is 0.36 and 0.59 wavelength in LB and HB, respectively. The prototype achieves 7.3% and 6.7% of measured overlapping 10dB impedance bandwidth and 3dB realized gain bandwidth, significantly outperforming other designs with single-layer PRS. Moreover, it generally offers simpler structure, lower profile, as well as more balanced overlapping bandwidths when compared to other designs with multi-layer PRS.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 4","pages":"1049-1060"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10964257","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3559401
Son Vu;Hung Luyen
We present an analytical approach for designing a matching and decoupling network (MDN) with radiation pattern control feature for two-element arrays. The antenna radiation pattern can be synthesized by formulating the S-matrix of the MDN to provide the desired excitation signals to the two antenna elements. Short transmission lines connecting reactive elements in the circuit are modeled as pi networks that are taken into account to calculate lumped element values. Through sensitivity analysis, we identified MDN solutions that are stable over tolerances in capacitance/inductance values of lumped components used to implement the MDN. To showcase the radiation pattern control capability, we developed two MDN versions that excite two distinct radiation patterns at 700 MHz for a two-element monopole array with an element spacing of 5 cm. S-parameters and radiation-pattern measurement results for both MDN-equipped antenna array prototypes align well with corresponding simulation results. The measured operating bandwidths (within which $|S_{11}|lt -10$ dB, $|S_{22}|lt -10$ dB, and $|S_{21}|lt -20$ dB) were recorded as 6.2 MHz and 6 MHz for the two MDN versions. The total efficiency values were improved from 54% (for the coupled array) to 75% and 77% after incorporating the two MDN versions.
{"title":"Design of Matching and Decoupling Networks With Radiation Pattern Control for Two-Element Antenna Arrays","authors":"Son Vu;Hung Luyen","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3559401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3559401","url":null,"abstract":"We present an analytical approach for designing a matching and decoupling network (MDN) with radiation pattern control feature for two-element arrays. The antenna radiation pattern can be synthesized by formulating the S-matrix of the MDN to provide the desired excitation signals to the two antenna elements. Short transmission lines connecting reactive elements in the circuit are modeled as pi networks that are taken into account to calculate lumped element values. Through sensitivity analysis, we identified MDN solutions that are stable over tolerances in capacitance/inductance values of lumped components used to implement the MDN. To showcase the radiation pattern control capability, we developed two MDN versions that excite two distinct radiation patterns at 700 MHz for a two-element monopole array with an element spacing of 5 cm. S-parameters and radiation-pattern measurement results for both MDN-equipped antenna array prototypes align well with corresponding simulation results. The measured operating bandwidths (within which <inline-formula> <tex-math>$|S_{11}|lt -10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB, <inline-formula> <tex-math>$|S_{22}|lt -10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB, and <inline-formula> <tex-math>$|S_{21}|lt -20$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB) were recorded as 6.2 MHz and 6 MHz for the two MDN versions. The total efficiency values were improved from 54% (for the coupled array) to 75% and 77% after incorporating the two MDN versions.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 4","pages":"1037-1048"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10960687","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation in the Internet of Things (IoT) and embedded devices is typically performed using single-RF chain systems and antenna switching using time-division multiplexing. The accuracy of the DoA estimation is reduced due to the additional phase shifts between the samples on the antenna elements caused by the carrier frequency offset (CFO). We propose to use optimized antenna switching patterns (ASPs) to mitigate the effect of CFO on accuracy in DoA estimation using a multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. We evaluated two switching methods referred to as EvenCFO-SP and Mirror-SP with simulations and confirmed the validity with measurements. Performance is analyzed and compared with a standard sequential sampling (SS) method. Uniform linear and circular array configurations are considered to evaluate the impact of the noise and the CFO value on estimation accuracy. The results show that the optimized ASPs outperform the SS method, with lower performance gain at small signal-to-noise ratios. The ASP sensitivity to the CFO value is studied, and the frequency bounds within which the optimized ASPs maintain high estimation accuracy are identified. A coarse CFO correction, effective for frequency estimation errors within the kHz range, extends the frequency bounds. Compared to a fine calibration, this reduces computational requirements, making it a viable option for embedded and IoT devices with limited hardware resources.
{"title":"Experimental Evaluation of Enhanced Antenna Switching for CFO Mitigation in DoA Estimation","authors":"Aleš Simončič;Ke Guan;Grega Morano;Aleš Švigelj;Andrej Hrovat;Teodora Kocevska;Tomaž Javornik","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3558671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3558671","url":null,"abstract":"Direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation in the Internet of Things (IoT) and embedded devices is typically performed using single-RF chain systems and antenna switching using time-division multiplexing. The accuracy of the DoA estimation is reduced due to the additional phase shifts between the samples on the antenna elements caused by the carrier frequency offset (CFO). We propose to use optimized antenna switching patterns (ASPs) to mitigate the effect of CFO on accuracy in DoA estimation using a multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. We evaluated two switching methods referred to as EvenCFO-SP and Mirror-SP with simulations and confirmed the validity with measurements. Performance is analyzed and compared with a standard sequential sampling (SS) method. Uniform linear and circular array configurations are considered to evaluate the impact of the noise and the CFO value on estimation accuracy. The results show that the optimized ASPs outperform the SS method, with lower performance gain at small signal-to-noise ratios. The ASP sensitivity to the CFO value is studied, and the frequency bounds within which the optimized ASPs maintain high estimation accuracy are identified. A coarse CFO correction, effective for frequency estimation errors within the kHz range, extends the frequency bounds. Compared to a fine calibration, this reduces computational requirements, making it a viable option for embedded and IoT devices with limited hardware resources.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 4","pages":"1022-1036"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10955341","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an easy-to-fabricate, high-gain, linearly polarized antenna using a circular ground plane. The ground plane is made of a dielectric substrate sandwiched by two conductive sheets placed on the open end of a standard rectangular open-ended waveguide (OEWG). By modifying the aperture of OEWG, the gain of the radiating system is enhanced. Two methods are employed for such modifications, both of which deal with creating slots on the radiating front side of the conductive sheet to expose the dielectric substrate of the ground plane. In the first method, slots are introduced based on the even Fresnel zones, and their widths are optimized sequentially. This method increases the gain of the standard WR-90 waveguide from 6.86 dBi to 14.77 dBi. In the second method, surface current distributions are analyzed, and slots are introduced on the minimal surface current zones, which increases the gain to 16.59 dBi. The gain bandwidth product and 3 dB gain bandwidth are compared with the measured results. Measured results show good agreement with the Ansys HFSS simulated results. Next, an elliptical ground plane consisting of a dielectric substrate sandwiched between two conducting layers and elliptical slots is used to generate symmetric beam patterns of the E- and H-plane on the front side of the TE10 waveguide (WR-28). The modified Fresnel zone theory helped modify the circular ground plane to an elliptical ground plane and identify the elliptical slots. The introduced elliptical slots that helped generate the symmetrical beam pattern in the range of $-45^{circ }leq theta leq 45^{circ }$ are introduced based on the modified Fresnel zone equation. Lastly, a modification of the edge along the E-plane helped generate a symmetrical beam pattern in the range of $-90^{circ }leq theta leq 90^{circ }$ .
{"title":"Easy-to-Fabricate High-Gain Linearly Polarized Antenna With Tunable Beam Pattern","authors":"Anil Kumar Yerrola;Maifuz Ali;Ravi Kumar Arya;Lakhindar Murmu;Ashwani Kumar","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3558240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3558240","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an easy-to-fabricate, high-gain, linearly polarized antenna using a circular ground plane. The ground plane is made of a dielectric substrate sandwiched by two conductive sheets placed on the open end of a standard rectangular open-ended waveguide (OEWG). By modifying the aperture of OEWG, the gain of the radiating system is enhanced. Two methods are employed for such modifications, both of which deal with creating slots on the radiating front side of the conductive sheet to expose the dielectric substrate of the ground plane. In the first method, slots are introduced based on the even Fresnel zones, and their widths are optimized sequentially. This method increases the gain of the standard WR-90 waveguide from 6.86 dBi to 14.77 dBi. In the second method, surface current distributions are analyzed, and slots are introduced on the minimal surface current zones, which increases the gain to 16.59 dBi. The gain bandwidth product and 3 dB gain bandwidth are compared with the measured results. Measured results show good agreement with the Ansys HFSS simulated results. Next, an elliptical ground plane consisting of a dielectric substrate sandwiched between two conducting layers and elliptical slots is used to generate symmetric beam patterns of the E- and H-plane on the front side of the TE10 waveguide (WR-28). The modified Fresnel zone theory helped modify the circular ground plane to an elliptical ground plane and identify the elliptical slots. The introduced elliptical slots that helped generate the symmetrical beam pattern in the range of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$-45^{circ }leq theta leq 45^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> are introduced based on the modified Fresnel zone equation. Lastly, a modification of the edge along the E-plane helped generate a symmetrical beam pattern in the range of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$-90^{circ }leq theta leq 90^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 4","pages":"1013-1021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10950427","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3557622
Michail O. Anastasiadis;MD Rakibul Islam;Jorge A. Caripidis Troccola;Satheesh Bojja Venkatakrishnan;Gregory A. Mitchell;John L. Volakis
The vast majority of mmWave arrays utilize planar topologies due to fabrication and assembly constraints. However, planar architectures bring the antenna element too close to the ground plane, limiting the achievable bandwidth (BW). In this paper, we introduce a vertically integrated UWB array that operates from microwave to mmWave frequencies. The novel antenna array operates from 2 to 40 GHz, i.e., 20:1 bandwidth. The enabling novelty is the combination of PCB fabrication technologies with 3D-printing technology. Specifically, unlike previous designs, all components of the array are printed on the same plane and the vertical dipole boards are assembled using a 3D-printed structure. The array employs the concept of tightly coupled dipoles to achieve Ultra-Wideband (UWB) operation. Infinite array simulations showed a VSWR < 2.8 at broadside and scanning capabilities down to $45^{o}$ in all planes. These simulations were validated through fabrication and measurements of a 21 × 15 prototype in conjunction with finite array simulations.
{"title":"Microwave to Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) Tightly Coupled Dipole Array (TCDA) With 20:1 Bandwidth Using a Hybrid PCB-3D Printing Fabrication Approach","authors":"Michail O. Anastasiadis;MD Rakibul Islam;Jorge A. Caripidis Troccola;Satheesh Bojja Venkatakrishnan;Gregory A. Mitchell;John L. Volakis","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3557622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3557622","url":null,"abstract":"The vast majority of mmWave arrays utilize planar topologies due to fabrication and assembly constraints. However, planar architectures bring the antenna element too close to the ground plane, limiting the achievable bandwidth (BW). In this paper, we introduce a vertically integrated UWB array that operates from microwave to mmWave frequencies. The novel antenna array operates from 2 to 40 GHz, i.e., 20:1 bandwidth. The enabling novelty is the combination of PCB fabrication technologies with 3D-printing technology. Specifically, unlike previous designs, all components of the array are printed on the same plane and the vertical dipole boards are assembled using a 3D-printed structure. The array employs the concept of tightly coupled dipoles to achieve Ultra-Wideband (UWB) operation. Infinite array simulations showed a VSWR < 2.8 at broadside and scanning capabilities down to <inline-formula> <tex-math>$45^{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in all planes. These simulations were validated through fabrication and measurements of a 21 × 15 prototype in conjunction with finite array simulations.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 4","pages":"1001-1012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10948461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-04-01DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3556848
Zan Li;Amartansh Dubey;Ross Murch
The extended phaseless Rytov approximation for lossy media (xPRA-LM) has been shown to significantly extend the validity range of the Rytov approximation. Due to its extended validity range, xPRA-LM can be useful for large-scale RF imaging applications such as Wi-Fi based indoor imaging. However xPRA-LM is formulated for datasets with phaseless data only. In this work, we investigate the extended phaseless Rytov approximation when phase is included and we refer to this formulation as the extended full-data Rytov approximation for low-loss media (xFRA-LM). Specific contributions of this work include the formulation of xFRA-LM, development of a Cramér-Rao Bound for xFRA-LM and also providing numerical comparisons with xPRA-LM. The development of xFDA-LM also opens a pathway for the extension of radio tomographic imaging (RTI) to include phase and this is also discussed. The results show that the Bayesian Cramér-Rao Bound for xFRA-LM is at least half that of the bound for xPRA-LM demonstrating the advantages of including phase. Furthermore, simulation results for reconstruction quality show that xFRA-LM is significantly enhanced as compared to xPRA-LM, in terms of validity range, imaging accuracy and imaging resolution.
{"title":"The Impact of Phase Information on the Imaging Performance of the Extended Phaseless Rytov Approximation","authors":"Zan Li;Amartansh Dubey;Ross Murch","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2025.3556848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2025.3556848","url":null,"abstract":"The extended phaseless Rytov approximation for lossy media (xPRA-LM) has been shown to significantly extend the validity range of the Rytov approximation. Due to its extended validity range, xPRA-LM can be useful for large-scale RF imaging applications such as Wi-Fi based indoor imaging. However xPRA-LM is formulated for datasets with phaseless data only. In this work, we investigate the extended phaseless Rytov approximation when phase is included and we refer to this formulation as the extended full-data Rytov approximation for low-loss media (xFRA-LM). Specific contributions of this work include the formulation of xFRA-LM, development of a Cramér-Rao Bound for xFRA-LM and also providing numerical comparisons with xPRA-LM. The development of xFDA-LM also opens a pathway for the extension of radio tomographic imaging (RTI) to include phase and this is also discussed. The results show that the Bayesian Cramér-Rao Bound for xFRA-LM is at least half that of the bound for xPRA-LM demonstrating the advantages of including phase. Furthermore, simulation results for reconstruction quality show that xFRA-LM is significantly enhanced as compared to xPRA-LM, in terms of validity range, imaging accuracy and imaging resolution.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 4","pages":"989-1000"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10947014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-31DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3556282
Maria-Thaleia Passia;Traianos V. Yioultsis
We fully explore the properties of a novel uniplanar metamaterial-inspired substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) for realizing easy-to-fabricate mmWave components. Conventional SIWs have a complex fabrication process, especially for higher frequencies, due to the need for drilling holes and injecting metallization. We substitute the vias of the conventional SIW with grounded single complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs). We employ a coupled-mode theory framework to guide the waveguide synthesis and gain insight into the underlying physics of periodic grounded uniform and multi-element CSRR metasurfaces, that are the key elements of the corresponding CSRR SIWs. The CSRR SIW parameters are then fine-tuned by a more detailed FEM eigenmode solver. We verify the uniplanar single-CSRR SIW's merit and applicability by fabricating and experimentally characterizing the performance of a CSRR SIW waveguide section and antenna. The uniplanar single-CSRR SIW offers considerably simpler fabrication than both the conventional SIW and previously proposed CSRR SIW variations while maintaining performance. Compared to other SIW variations, the uniplanar single-CSRR SIW has a greater design flexibility, as we can change the number of CSRR rows and also use a non-uniform multi-element CSRR pattern to achieve advanced functionalities. The CSRR-SIW-based periodic leaky-wave antenna (PLWA) has competitive radiation characteristics and simpler fabrication than a corresponding SIW PLWA.
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Pub Date : 2025-03-28DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2025.3556363
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