Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3466472
Panagiotis Petroutsos;Stavros Koulouridis
We present a hybrid multilayer slot array antenna, targeting next-generation wireless communication systems, particularly in mmWave bands like the Ka-band. The hybrid structure utilizes a high-performance metal Groove Gap Waveguide (GGW) feeding network and facilitates the practical manufacturing of slotted antennas and dielectric substrate metasurfaces using printed circuit boards. The proposed antenna incorporates a hybrid glide symmetric holey metasurface into the GGW feeding. This integration addresses assembly challenges between metal and dielectric layers, avoiding delicate welding techniques. It prevents energy leakage between the two different materials, even when a small air gap is maintained between them. The antenna also involves a printed periodic surface comprising ‘Mushrooms’ type cells on a thin dielectric substrate. As an effect, this design reduces mutual coupling between parallel slotted array antennas and provides a more compact structure compared to alternative decoupling methods such as vertical corrugation slots, or horn types. The textured ‘Mushroom’ surface enhances the antenna directivity by 3.4 dB and reduces the level of sidelobes by up to 6.2 dB. Measurement results demonstrate an achieved impedance bandwidth ($S_{11} lt -$ 10 dB) of 8.15% within the frequency range of 37.88 GHz to 40.98 GHz. Additionally, the antenna achieves a gain of up to 16.55 dB over the frequency of interest.
{"title":"A Metallo-Dielectric Groove Gap Waveguide Slotted Array Antenna With Hybrid Glide-Symmetric Holes & “Mushroom”-Type Metasurfaces","authors":"Panagiotis Petroutsos;Stavros Koulouridis","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3466472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3466472","url":null,"abstract":"We present a hybrid multilayer slot array antenna, targeting next-generation wireless communication systems, particularly in mmWave bands like the Ka-band. The hybrid structure utilizes a high-performance metal Groove Gap Waveguide (GGW) feeding network and facilitates the practical manufacturing of slotted antennas and dielectric substrate metasurfaces using printed circuit boards. The proposed antenna incorporates a hybrid glide symmetric holey metasurface into the GGW feeding. This integration addresses assembly challenges between metal and dielectric layers, avoiding delicate welding techniques. It prevents energy leakage between the two different materials, even when a small air gap is maintained between them. The antenna also involves a printed periodic surface comprising ‘Mushrooms’ type cells on a thin dielectric substrate. As an effect, this design reduces mutual coupling between parallel slotted array antennas and provides a more compact structure compared to alternative decoupling methods such as vertical corrugation slots, or horn types. The textured ‘Mushroom’ surface enhances the antenna directivity by 3.4 dB and reduces the level of sidelobes by up to 6.2 dB. Measurement results demonstrate an achieved impedance bandwidth (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$S_{11} lt -$ </tex-math></inline-formula>10 dB) of 8.15% within the frequency range of 37.88 GHz to 40.98 GHz. Additionally, the antenna achieves a gain of up to 16.55 dB over the frequency of interest.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 1","pages":"25-37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10689327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3466234
Matti Kuosmanen;Sten E. Gunnarsson;Johan Malmström;Juha Ala-Laurinaho;Jari Holopainen;Ville Viikari
This paper investigates a thin low-pass filtering antenna array based on dual-polarized Vivaldi elements. The low-pass filtering in the antenna elements reduces the requirement for the front-end filtering between the antenna and the microwave electronics, resulting in improved overall out-of-band suppression, size reduction, and lower cost. The array employs a novel stacked-PCB structure, where simple two-sided PCBs are stacked on top of each other. The via-connected metal layers of all PCBs form a tapered slotline along the surface normal of the PCBs. The filtering effect is realized by corrugating the tapered slotlines, which provides effective, space-saving integration of the filters that fit into a half-wavelength lattice. According to unit-cell simulations, the proposed antenna array operates at 6–18.5 GHz, and the stopband extends from 21 GHz to 37 GHz. The antenna array provides a −10-dB active reflection coefficient (ARC) with beam-steering angles within ±60° in E- and D-planes, and −6 dB within ±55° in the H-plane. At stopband frequencies, the attenuation with respect to simulated total efficiency is at least 20 dB. The operation of the proposed antenna array is confirmed by measurements of an $11times 12$ antenna array prototype, which show that the gain suppression level in the stopband is more than 30 dB up to 37 GHz, and more than 20 dB up to 40 GHz.
{"title":"Dual-Polarized Wideband Filtering Antenna Array Based on Stacked-PCB Structure","authors":"Matti Kuosmanen;Sten E. Gunnarsson;Johan Malmström;Juha Ala-Laurinaho;Jari Holopainen;Ville Viikari","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3466234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3466234","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates a thin low-pass filtering antenna array based on dual-polarized Vivaldi elements. The low-pass filtering in the antenna elements reduces the requirement for the front-end filtering between the antenna and the microwave electronics, resulting in improved overall out-of-band suppression, size reduction, and lower cost. The array employs a novel stacked-PCB structure, where simple two-sided PCBs are stacked on top of each other. The via-connected metal layers of all PCBs form a tapered slotline along the surface normal of the PCBs. The filtering effect is realized by corrugating the tapered slotlines, which provides effective, space-saving integration of the filters that fit into a half-wavelength lattice. According to unit-cell simulations, the proposed antenna array operates at 6–18.5 GHz, and the stopband extends from 21 GHz to 37 GHz. The antenna array provides a −10-dB active reflection coefficient (ARC) with beam-steering angles within ±60° in E- and D-planes, and −6 dB within ±55° in the H-plane. At stopband frequencies, the attenuation with respect to simulated total efficiency is at least 20 dB. The operation of the proposed antenna array is confirmed by measurements of an <inline-formula> <tex-math>$11times 12$ </tex-math></inline-formula> antenna array prototype, which show that the gain suppression level in the stopband is more than 30 dB up to 37 GHz, and more than 20 dB up to 40 GHz.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 1","pages":"38-50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10689344","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3459235
{"title":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Instructions for authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3459235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3459235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"5 5","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10689478","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142313108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents a compact dual-band dual-sense circularly polarized (CP) fragmental patch antenna that advanced by an improved simulated-annealing-based optimization algorithm. This design replaces truncated corners of traditional truncated patch antennas with fragmental structures, generating dual-band dual-CP radiation with a small frequency ratio and a high front-to-back ratio. The proposed optimized framework tackles the multi-objective optimization problem through hierarchical optimization to achieve an optimal balance among various performance metrics. Furthermore, the simulated annealing is improved using a matrix-based dynamic step-size perturbation mechanism and a nested cyclic process, averting premature convergence and ensuring multifaceted objective enhancement. The measurement results reveal that the proposed antenna can operate with a small frequency ratio of 1.07, providing left-hand CP radiation from 4.99 to 5.02 GHz and right-hand CP radiation 5.34 to 5.41 GHz, respectively. This compact cost-efficient design demonstrates potential for diverse antenna applications.
{"title":"Compact Dual-Band Dual-Sense Circularly Polarized Fragmental Patch Antenna Optimized by Improved Simulated-Annealing-Based Algorithm","authors":"Tianyu Shu;Bowen Feng;Long Zhang;Chuyue Chen;Hui Chen;Yaling Chen;Qinyu Zhang","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3463794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3463794","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a compact dual-band dual-sense circularly polarized (CP) fragmental patch antenna that advanced by an improved simulated-annealing-based optimization algorithm. This design replaces truncated corners of traditional truncated patch antennas with fragmental structures, generating dual-band dual-CP radiation with a small frequency ratio and a high front-to-back ratio. The proposed optimized framework tackles the multi-objective optimization problem through hierarchical optimization to achieve an optimal balance among various performance metrics. Furthermore, the simulated annealing is improved using a matrix-based dynamic step-size perturbation mechanism and a nested cyclic process, averting premature convergence and ensuring multifaceted objective enhancement. The measurement results reveal that the proposed antenna can operate with a small frequency ratio of 1.07, providing left-hand CP radiation from 4.99 to 5.02 GHz and right-hand CP radiation 5.34 to 5.41 GHz, respectively. This compact cost-efficient design demonstrates potential for diverse antenna applications.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"5 6","pages":"1847-1853"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10684264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Engineered electromagnetic surfaces enable enhancing the strength of a signal in the desired direction(s) using anomalous reflection/transmission. However, to boost the gain of the conventional surfaces, the common solution is to increase its aperture size where this method limits the gain performance for limited space in scenarios for large-distance communication. This paper proposes a gain-controlled beam-steering polarization-engineered transmissive surface to tackle this challenge. To implement such a functionality, a transmissive unit cell properly integrated with transistors and phase shifters is introduced with the ability of simultaneous manipulation of phase, amplitude (reduction and amplification), and polarization. Then, a supercell including the array of unit cells with desired linear phase gradient is designed and analyzed using Floquet approach to tilt the transmitted beam. Finally, to verify the proposed idea, a surface including $12times 12$ unit cells is designed, fabricated and verified. It is demonstrated that a maximum gain of 25 dB compared to air aperture and 11 dB compared to the passive one are achieved by assuming a constant size at 5 GHz. Based on this gain improvement, the active surface’s aperture efficiency is 12.58 times greater than that of the passive surface. Moreover, the surface gain can be reconfigured by the amplification level of the transistors, providing efficient dynamic way for changing the gain instead of the static resizing of aperture.
{"title":"Active Gain-Controlled Beam-Steering Transmissive Surface","authors":"Seyed Ehsan Hosseininejad;Amirmasood Bagheri;Fan Wang;Mohsen Khalily;Rahim Tafazolli","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3462810","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3462810","url":null,"abstract":"Engineered electromagnetic surfaces enable enhancing the strength of a signal in the desired direction(s) using anomalous reflection/transmission. However, to boost the gain of the conventional surfaces, the common solution is to increase its aperture size where this method limits the gain performance for limited space in scenarios for large-distance communication. This paper proposes a gain-controlled beam-steering polarization-engineered transmissive surface to tackle this challenge. To implement such a functionality, a transmissive unit cell properly integrated with transistors and phase shifters is introduced with the ability of simultaneous manipulation of phase, amplitude (reduction and amplification), and polarization. Then, a supercell including the array of unit cells with desired linear phase gradient is designed and analyzed using Floquet approach to tilt the transmitted beam. Finally, to verify the proposed idea, a surface including \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$12times 12$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 unit cells is designed, fabricated and verified. It is demonstrated that a maximum gain of 25 dB compared to air aperture and 11 dB compared to the passive one are achieved by assuming a constant size at 5 GHz. Based on this gain improvement, the active surface’s aperture efficiency is 12.58 times greater than that of the passive surface. Moreover, the surface gain can be reconfigured by the amplification level of the transistors, providing efficient dynamic way for changing the gain instead of the static resizing of aperture.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"5 6","pages":"1786-1794"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10681599","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3462697
Maryam Faizi Khajeim;Rashid Mirzavand
In this paper, the impact of the vehicle body on the transparent circularly polarized (CP) antenna’s performance when installed on the vehicle windshield has been investigated. The incorporation of an absorber layer on the vehicle floor to improve the antenna’s performance has been proposed. The study also evaluates how the placement of the antenna on the windshield affects its performance. Utilizing a transparent CP spiral slot antenna operating at 1.227 GHz and 1.575 GHz, the results reveal that the radiation performance of CP antennas on windshields significantly depends on their positioning. Additionally, the vehicle body affects the CP antenna’s radiation pattern and axial ratio (AR). We propose adjusting the antenna’s position and incorporating an absorber layer on the vehicle floor to address these effects. Notably, this absorber layer has the potential to simultaneously improve the performance of multiple antennas mounted on the windshield. The enhancement caused by this layer is verified through full-wave simulations and measurements. The impact of seats and four occupants inside the vehicle on the antenna’s performance in the presence of the absorber layer is also investigated. With the absorber layer and occupants present, the antenna achieves an AR beamwidth of 36° and 31° at 1.227 GHz and 1.575 GHz, respectively, in the $y^{prime}z^{prime}$ -plane.
{"title":"Enhancing Transparent Circularly Polarized Antenna Performance for Automotive Applications","authors":"Maryam Faizi Khajeim;Rashid Mirzavand","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3462697","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3462697","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the impact of the vehicle body on the transparent circularly polarized (CP) antenna’s performance when installed on the vehicle windshield has been investigated. The incorporation of an absorber layer on the vehicle floor to improve the antenna’s performance has been proposed. The study also evaluates how the placement of the antenna on the windshield affects its performance. Utilizing a transparent CP spiral slot antenna operating at 1.227 GHz and 1.575 GHz, the results reveal that the radiation performance of CP antennas on windshields significantly depends on their positioning. Additionally, the vehicle body affects the CP antenna’s radiation pattern and axial ratio (AR). We propose adjusting the antenna’s position and incorporating an absorber layer on the vehicle floor to address these effects. Notably, this absorber layer has the potential to simultaneously improve the performance of multiple antennas mounted on the windshield. The enhancement caused by this layer is verified through full-wave simulations and measurements. The impact of seats and four occupants inside the vehicle on the antenna’s performance in the presence of the absorber layer is also investigated. With the absorber layer and occupants present, the antenna achieves an AR beamwidth of 36° and 31° at 1.227 GHz and 1.575 GHz, respectively, in the \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$y^{prime}z^{prime}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-plane.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"5 6","pages":"1446-1454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10681600","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-17DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3462601
Roland Albers;Mustafa Murat Bilgic;Karl-Erik Kempe;Alistair Bell;Axel Murk
The Arctic Weather Satellite (AWS) is a single instrument mission consisting of a microwave sounder operating in the 54, 89, 183 and 325 GHz bands. The optical design of the instrument consists of a feedcluster directly illuminating a crosstrack scanning mirror, keeping the instrument compact. Due to the simple optics, the beams are not co-aligned and none are in the scanning mirror focal point, leading to beam divergence, asymmetry and scan angle dependent variations in spillover. Using Method of Moment (MoM) simulations of the optics as well as instrument structure, the complete farfield sphere of the instrument can be simulated up to 183 GHz. This paper contains detailed analysis of spillover, beam divergence and intercomparison of physical optics, MoM and nearfield antenna measurements for the mainbeam.
{"title":"Spillover Analysis and Mainbeam Characterisation of Arctic Weather Satellite Radiometer Using Method of Moments","authors":"Roland Albers;Mustafa Murat Bilgic;Karl-Erik Kempe;Alistair Bell;Axel Murk","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3462601","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3462601","url":null,"abstract":"The Arctic Weather Satellite (AWS) is a single instrument mission consisting of a microwave sounder operating in the 54, 89, 183 and 325 GHz bands. The optical design of the instrument consists of a feedcluster directly illuminating a crosstrack scanning mirror, keeping the instrument compact. Due to the simple optics, the beams are not co-aligned and none are in the scanning mirror focal point, leading to beam divergence, asymmetry and scan angle dependent variations in spillover. Using Method of Moment (MoM) simulations of the optics as well as instrument structure, the complete farfield sphere of the instrument can be simulated up to 183 GHz. This paper contains detailed analysis of spillover, beam divergence and intercomparison of physical optics, MoM and nearfield antenna measurements for the mainbeam.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"5 6","pages":"1795-1804"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10681486","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3462289
Riqza Y. Khattak;Qasim Z. Ahmed;Sultan Shoaib;Pavlos I. Lazaridis;Temitope T. Alade
This paper provides a detailed examination of recent advancements in antenna design tailored specifically tailored for applications in biotelemetry and healthcare. It contains a detailed analysis of over 60 journal papers retrieved from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) database within the past five years. Each paper is briefly discussed, emphasizing its simulation and/or practical results. Furthermore, the paper draws conclusions based on various performance parameters, highlighting key shortcomings in existing literature designs, and identifying prerequisites for future high-performance antennas. Finally, the paper proposes a new antenna design positioned to surpass most of the antennas discussed herein. Tailored for the 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band, the proposed antenna boasts a compact footprint of $7.7 times 6~ {mathrm {mm}}^{2}$ . The antenna possesses noteworthy performance metrics including a mean gain of 1.2 dB and an efficiency exceeding 51% when in direct contact with a body.
{"title":"Recent Advances in Antennas for Biotelemetry and Healthcare Applications","authors":"Riqza Y. Khattak;Qasim Z. Ahmed;Sultan Shoaib;Pavlos I. Lazaridis;Temitope T. Alade","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3462289","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3462289","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides a detailed examination of recent advancements in antenna design tailored specifically tailored for applications in biotelemetry and healthcare. It contains a detailed analysis of over 60 journal papers retrieved from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) database within the past five years. Each paper is briefly discussed, emphasizing its simulation and/or practical results. Furthermore, the paper draws conclusions based on various performance parameters, highlighting key shortcomings in existing literature designs, and identifying prerequisites for future high-performance antennas. Finally, the paper proposes a new antenna design positioned to surpass most of the antennas discussed herein. Tailored for the 5.8 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band, the proposed antenna boasts a compact footprint of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$7.7 times 6~ {mathrm {mm}}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000. The antenna possesses noteworthy performance metrics including a mean gain of 1.2 dB and an efficiency exceeding 51% when in direct contact with a body.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"5 6","pages":"1499-1522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10681121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3459476
Ahmed Ali;Heesu Wang;Yong Bae Park;Ikmo Park
A wideband ultra-low-profile Yagi-Uda type of solar-cell integrated antenna is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a driver, reflector, and director, and is also designed to function as a solar cell. An ultra-low-profile copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) based solar cell is used as a driver, and a slit is cut from it to make a built-in solar-cell antenna. A CIGS solar cell-based reflector and director are added to increase the impedance bandwidth and gain of the proposed antenna. A narrow slit is used, and the spacings between the reflector, driver, and director are minimized to increase the solar-cell form factor. A coaxial-to-microstrip line transition type feeding structure is used to excite the antenna, which is printed under the second substrate. Three RF decoupler circuits are designed for the driver, reflector, and director to separate the antenna functionality from the solar cell. The antenna has overall dimensions of $0.71~lambda _{o} times 0.61~lambda _{o} times 0.006~lambda _{o}$ at 3.2 GHz. Furthermore, the proposed antenna design possesses a wide measured impedance bandwidth of 56.7%, radiation efficiency of higher than 90%, a maximum measured gain of 5.67 dBi within the impedance bandwidth, and a solar-cell form factor of 89.7% with no optical blockage.
{"title":"Wideband Solar-Cell Integrated Yagi-Uda Antenna","authors":"Ahmed Ali;Heesu Wang;Yong Bae Park;Ikmo Park","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3459476","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3459476","url":null,"abstract":"A wideband ultra-low-profile Yagi-Uda type of solar-cell integrated antenna is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a driver, reflector, and director, and is also designed to function as a solar cell. An ultra-low-profile copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) based solar cell is used as a driver, and a slit is cut from it to make a built-in solar-cell antenna. A CIGS solar cell-based reflector and director are added to increase the impedance bandwidth and gain of the proposed antenna. A narrow slit is used, and the spacings between the reflector, driver, and director are minimized to increase the solar-cell form factor. A coaxial-to-microstrip line transition type feeding structure is used to excite the antenna, which is printed under the second substrate. Three RF decoupler circuits are designed for the driver, reflector, and director to separate the antenna functionality from the solar cell. The antenna has overall dimensions of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.71~lambda _{o} times 0.61~lambda _{o} times 0.006~lambda _{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 at 3.2 GHz. Furthermore, the proposed antenna design possesses a wide measured impedance bandwidth of 56.7%, radiation efficiency of higher than 90%, a maximum measured gain of 5.67 dBi within the impedance bandwidth, and a solar-cell form factor of 89.7% with no optical blockage.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"5 6","pages":"1838-1846"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10679190","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3458968
S. Arulmurugan;T. R. Suresh Kumar;Johan Sidén;Zachariah C. Alex
A novel dual-band circularly polarized MIMO wearable antenna is screen-printed on a cotton polyester fabric to operate at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz wireless body area network communications. The MIMO fabric antenna is realized with two circularly polarized wearable antennas arranged in orthogonal directions, which provides a less than −10 dB bandwidth of 400 MHz from 2.2 to 2.6 GHz and 800 MHz from 5.3 to 6.1 GHz, with impedance bandwidth of 17 and 14% for lower and higher bands, respectively. The antenna provides an axial ratio bandwidth (below 3 dB) of 3% from 2.4 to 2.47 GHz and 8% from 5.45 to 5.94 GHz. The proposed MIMO antenna is integrated with an artificial magnetic conductor, which helps to create isolation between the human body and antenna, which also minimizes the specific absorption rate (SAR). The antenna SAR performance is tested on the HUGO model, which gives 0.025, 0.035 W/Kg for 1g tissue at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz. Furthermore, the antenna provides good MIMO characteristics such as envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, and channel capacity. The antenna is suitable for flexible wearable applications due to fabric substrate, screen printing, low SAR, and lightweight.
一种新型双频圆极化 MIMO 可穿戴天线被丝网印刷在棉质聚酯织物上，可在 2.45 和 5.8 GHz 无线体域网络通信中工作。该 MIMO 织物天线由两个正交方向排列的圆极化可穿戴天线实现，在 2.2 至 2.6 GHz 频段和 5.3 至 6.1 GHz 频段分别提供小于 -10 dB 的 400 MHz 带宽和 800 MHz 带宽，低频段和高频段的阻抗带宽分别为 17% 和 14%。该天线的轴向比带宽（低于 3 dB）在 2.4 至 2.47 GHz 之间为 3%，在 5.45 至 5.94 GHz 之间为 8%。拟议的多输入多输出天线集成了人工磁导体，有助于在人体和天线之间建立隔离，这也最大限度地降低了比吸收率（SAR）。天线的 SAR 性能在 HUGO 模型上进行了测试，在 2.45 和 5.8 GHz 频率下，1g 组织的 SAR 值分别为 0.025 和 0.035 W/Kg。此外，该天线还具有良好的多输入多输出（MIMO）特性，如包络相关系数、分集增益和信道容量。由于采用织物基材、丝网印刷、低 SAR 和重量轻，该天线适用于灵活的可穿戴应用。
{"title":"Circular Polarized Dual-Band Wearable Screen-Printed MIMO Antenna Integrated With AMC for WBAN Communications","authors":"S. Arulmurugan;T. R. Suresh Kumar;Johan Sidén;Zachariah C. Alex","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3458968","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3458968","url":null,"abstract":"A novel dual-band circularly polarized MIMO wearable antenna is screen-printed on a cotton polyester fabric to operate at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz wireless body area network communications. The MIMO fabric antenna is realized with two circularly polarized wearable antennas arranged in orthogonal directions, which provides a less than −10 dB bandwidth of 400 MHz from 2.2 to 2.6 GHz and 800 MHz from 5.3 to 6.1 GHz, with impedance bandwidth of 17 and 14% for lower and higher bands, respectively. The antenna provides an axial ratio bandwidth (below 3 dB) of 3% from 2.4 to 2.47 GHz and 8% from 5.45 to 5.94 GHz. The proposed MIMO antenna is integrated with an artificial magnetic conductor, which helps to create isolation between the human body and antenna, which also minimizes the specific absorption rate (SAR). The antenna SAR performance is tested on the HUGO model, which gives 0.025, 0.035 W/Kg for 1g tissue at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz. Furthermore, the antenna provides good MIMO characteristics such as envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, and channel capacity. The antenna is suitable for flexible wearable applications due to fabric substrate, screen printing, low SAR, and lightweight.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"5 6","pages":"1805-1814"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10679171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142176040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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