Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3475151
{"title":"IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3475151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3475151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"5 6","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10762832","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3475155
{"title":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation Instructions for authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3475155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3475155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"5 6","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10762801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-21DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3492612
Sima Noghanian;Lei Guo;Irene S. Karanasiou
{"title":"Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Section on Women’s Research in Antennas and Propagation Section (WRAPS)","authors":"Sima Noghanian;Lei Guo;Irene S. Karanasiou","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3492612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3492612","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"5 6","pages":"1427-1431"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10762830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142679372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3496848
Michal Cerveny;Pavel Hazdra
This paper describes a compact circularly polarized antenna designed for the 2.4GHz band with a gain of 15dBic designed for communication (uplink) with a geostationary amateur radio satellite Es’Hail-2 (QO-100). The proposed antenna upgrades a standard short backfire antenna (SBA) by utilizing two metasurfaces with the first acting as a high-impedance surface (HIS) allowing for a reduction of the distance between the sub-reflector and main reflector and the second enhancing the sub-reflector while functioning both as a tunable polarization divider and phase shifter to form the circular polarization. This novel concept enables the use of a simple, linearly polarized patch antenna as a feeder with no complex feeding networks. The proposed antenna was simulated, manufactured, measured and tested with the QO-100 transponder located on the Es’Hail-2 geostationary satellite. This antenna is suitable for situations where compactness, portability, a rigid construction, and a simple change of direction of the circular polarization are required.
{"title":"Compact Uplink Circularly Polarized 2.4GHz Short Backfire Antenna for Geostationary Amateur Radio Satellite Es’Hail-2 (QO-100)","authors":"Michal Cerveny;Pavel Hazdra","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3496848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3496848","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a compact circularly polarized antenna designed for the 2.4GHz band with a gain of 15dBic designed for communication (uplink) with a geostationary amateur radio satellite Es’Hail-2 (QO-100). The proposed antenna upgrades a standard short backfire antenna (SBA) by utilizing two metasurfaces with the first acting as a high-impedance surface (HIS) allowing for a reduction of the distance between the sub-reflector and main reflector and the second enhancing the sub-reflector while functioning both as a tunable polarization divider and phase shifter to form the circular polarization. This novel concept enables the use of a simple, linearly polarized patch antenna as a feeder with no complex feeding networks. The proposed antenna was simulated, manufactured, measured and tested with the QO-100 transponder located on the Es’Hail-2 geostationary satellite. This antenna is suitable for situations where compactness, portability, a rigid construction, and a simple change of direction of the circular polarization are required.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 1","pages":"274-282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10753477","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-14DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3499738
Yunfei Qiang;Xiaochuan Fang;Rui-Xin Wu;Qian Chen;Wei Wang
The discovery of the ‘Einstein’ monotile represents one of the most significant advancements in geometry in 2023, prompting research across multiple disciplines. This paper proposes a phased array with a limited beam scanning range based on the ‘Einstein’ monotile (Hat polykite), characterized by low grating lobe levels and high aperture efficiency. The proposed phased array reduces implementation complexity compared to periodic subarrays and enhances engineering practicality relative to other aperiodic tiles, particularly in load-bearing lattice configurations. Two examples of Hat polykite-based phased arrays are presented in this paper. Example A presents a sparse phased array, where each element is embedded within a Hat polykite, optimized for a maximum grating lobe level of −15 dB. Example B features a subarray comprising eight antenna elements based on the Hat polykite. This configuration achieves 90% aperture efficiency while keeping the maximum grating lobe level below −14 dB within an ±18° main beam scanning range.
{"title":"Application of Aperiodic “Einstein” Monotile in Phased Arrays With Limited Beam Scanning Range","authors":"Yunfei Qiang;Xiaochuan Fang;Rui-Xin Wu;Qian Chen;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3499738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3499738","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of the ‘Einstein’ monotile represents one of the most significant advancements in geometry in 2023, prompting research across multiple disciplines. This paper proposes a phased array with a limited beam scanning range based on the ‘Einstein’ monotile (Hat polykite), characterized by low grating lobe levels and high aperture efficiency. The proposed phased array reduces implementation complexity compared to periodic subarrays and enhances engineering practicality relative to other aperiodic tiles, particularly in load-bearing lattice configurations. Two examples of Hat polykite-based phased arrays are presented in this paper. Example A presents a sparse phased array, where each element is embedded within a Hat polykite, optimized for a maximum grating lobe level of −15 dB. Example B features a subarray comprising eight antenna elements based on the Hat polykite. This configuration achieves 90% aperture efficiency while keeping the maximum grating lobe level below −14 dB within an ±18° main beam scanning range.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 1","pages":"283-292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10753505","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-11DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3496296
Ulan Myrzakhan;Farhan A. Ghaffar;Mohammad Vaseem;Atif Shamim
An additively manufactured phased array antenna is presented in this work that provides simultaneous reconfiguration in frequency, polarization, and beam direction solely in response to magnetic tuning of the underlying ferrite substrate. This design obviates the need for integrated active components, which have been fundamental elements enabling tuning operation in traditional reconfigurable array antennas. The array element of the proposed array antenna consists of a waveguide-based phase shifter, realized by printing metallic walls on a ferrite substrate, which is then monolithically integrated with a printed circular patch antenna. Depending on the magnitude and polarity of the applied magnetic field (solenoids) to the patches, the array antenna can operate in a linearly polarized (LP) mode at 7.2 GHz or in dual circularly polarized (CP) modes in two continuously tunable frequency bands, 5.9–6.5 GHz and 7.6–7.95 GHz. Simultaneously, when magnetic field is applied to the phase shifters, continuous beam steering within ±25° of the boresight can be realized (±35° when fully saturating the ferrite at the phase shifters). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first implementation of an additively manufactured and fully magnetically controlled array antenna of this versatility.
{"title":"Additively-Manufactured, Magnetically Controlled, Frequency and Polarization Reconfigurable Phased Array Antenna","authors":"Ulan Myrzakhan;Farhan A. Ghaffar;Mohammad Vaseem;Atif Shamim","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3496296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3496296","url":null,"abstract":"An additively manufactured phased array antenna is presented in this work that provides simultaneous reconfiguration in frequency, polarization, and beam direction solely in response to magnetic tuning of the underlying ferrite substrate. This design obviates the need for integrated active components, which have been fundamental elements enabling tuning operation in traditional reconfigurable array antennas. The array element of the proposed array antenna consists of a waveguide-based phase shifter, realized by printing metallic walls on a ferrite substrate, which is then monolithically integrated with a printed circular patch antenna. Depending on the magnitude and polarity of the applied magnetic field (solenoids) to the patches, the array antenna can operate in a linearly polarized (LP) mode at 7.2 GHz or in dual circularly polarized (CP) modes in two continuously tunable frequency bands, 5.9–6.5 GHz and 7.6–7.95 GHz. Simultaneously, when magnetic field is applied to the phase shifters, continuous beam steering within ±25° of the boresight can be realized (±35° when fully saturating the ferrite at the phase shifters). To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first implementation of an additively manufactured and fully magnetically controlled array antenna of this versatility.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 1","pages":"264-273"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10750280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-06DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3492317
Thomas Reum
This article addresses possibilities to compensate an unwanted side effect arising in the widely used gauging process of electrodynamic potentials due to mathematical conditions applied to describe propagating electromagnetic (EM) waves with a focus on radio frequency (RF). Previous studies have shown by means of guided propagation that phase velocities which differ from intuitive understanding occur for several components of potentials when deviating from a specific gauge determined by physical relationships. Two solution strategies are provided in a way that the changed temporal behavior of affected potentials is balanced directly or by adapted spatial relations. In this regard, appropriate changes of the metric are suitable since the choice of gauge is closely related to the space-time of a model. For this purpose, only the metric tensor of affected potential components is modified throughout this work. In contrast, that of all other EM quantities is entirely unchanged. Special relativity including a practical waveguide example in RF engineering as well as general relativity are involved to cover an extensive class of uses valid for an arbitrary choice of space-time, which assures in addition broad applicability to further physical disciplines.
{"title":"Balancing the Potential Gauging Process Applied to Wave Propagation for Arbitrary Space-Times","authors":"Thomas Reum","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3492317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3492317","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses possibilities to compensate an unwanted side effect arising in the widely used gauging process of electrodynamic potentials due to mathematical conditions applied to describe propagating electromagnetic (EM) waves with a focus on radio frequency (RF). Previous studies have shown by means of guided propagation that phase velocities which differ from intuitive understanding occur for several components of potentials when deviating from a specific gauge determined by physical relationships. Two solution strategies are provided in a way that the changed temporal behavior of affected potentials is balanced directly or by adapted spatial relations. In this regard, appropriate changes of the metric are suitable since the choice of gauge is closely related to the space-time of a model. For this purpose, only the metric tensor of affected potential components is modified throughout this work. In contrast, that of all other EM quantities is entirely unchanged. Special relativity including a practical waveguide example in RF engineering as well as general relativity are involved to cover an extensive class of uses valid for an arbitrary choice of space-time, which assures in addition broad applicability to further physical disciplines.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 1","pages":"252-263"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10745281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3491421
Nektarios Moraitis;Konstantina S. Nikita
Next generation wireless networks will necessitate new and wide spectrum swaths able to accommodate and support Tb/s applications and services. In this regard, frequencies above 100 GHz are anticipated to be allocated, which requires a thorough analysis of the propagation characteristics at those segments. This article presents a detailed analysis of the indoor channel at sub-THz frequencies, modeling its temporal and spatial characteristics for line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions, relying on extensive deterministic simulations. According to the results, frequency selective characteristics are revealed. The obtained root-mean-square delay spread is in the range of 4.4–10.3 ns for LOS, and 6.9–18.8 ns for NLOS scenarios, respectively. A high spatial degree of freedom is also observed based on the increased azimuth spreads with a mean value of 57.4° for LOS, and 88.1° for NLOS locations, which is associated with the environment geometry. All the large-scale features of the channel exhibit a linear variation with distance, whereas according to the Gini Index and K-factor analysis, a channel with limited sparsity is encountered, especially in NLOS scenarios. Furthermore, the spatial coherence of the channels’ attributes is also assessed and modeled using an exponential decaying sinusoid relationship. A faster channel decoherence is observed in NLOS locations. Finally, the temporal and spatial properties of the channel are modeled statistically, delivering its related features that include the ray and cluster decaying rates, the inter-arrival delays, the azimuth and elevation angle-of-arrivals, and the cluster and ray occurrence.
{"title":"Indoor Deterministic Simulations and Statistical Modeling at Sub-THz Frequencies for Future Wireless Networks","authors":"Nektarios Moraitis;Konstantina S. Nikita","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3491421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3491421","url":null,"abstract":"Next generation wireless networks will necessitate new and wide spectrum swaths able to accommodate and support Tb/s applications and services. In this regard, frequencies above 100 GHz are anticipated to be allocated, which requires a thorough analysis of the propagation characteristics at those segments. This article presents a detailed analysis of the indoor channel at sub-THz frequencies, modeling its temporal and spatial characteristics for line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions, relying on extensive deterministic simulations. According to the results, frequency selective characteristics are revealed. The obtained root-mean-square delay spread is in the range of 4.4–10.3 ns for LOS, and 6.9–18.8 ns for NLOS scenarios, respectively. A high spatial degree of freedom is also observed based on the increased azimuth spreads with a mean value of 57.4° for LOS, and 88.1° for NLOS locations, which is associated with the environment geometry. All the large-scale features of the channel exhibit a linear variation with distance, whereas according to the Gini Index and K-factor analysis, a channel with limited sparsity is encountered, especially in NLOS scenarios. Furthermore, the spatial coherence of the channels’ attributes is also assessed and modeled using an exponential decaying sinusoid relationship. A faster channel decoherence is observed in NLOS locations. Finally, the temporal and spatial properties of the channel are modeled statistically, delivering its related features that include the ray and cluster decaying rates, the inter-arrival delays, the azimuth and elevation angle-of-arrivals, and the cluster and ray occurrence.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 1","pages":"235-251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10742934","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-05DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3491222
Li Zhang;Jian-Wei Liu;Bo Chen;Liang-Yong Yi;Dian Liu;Zi-Bin Weng;Yong-Chang Jiao
A dual-wideband dual-sense circularly polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) based on a novel feeding technique is investigated and demonstrated. The proposed antenna is composed of a cylinder DR, a ground plane with a double cross-slot and two rectangle slots, and a novel feeding structure. In the lower band, the DR is fed by two vertical metal probes, and the antenna can be fed by a novel feeding method in the upper band. Based on these feeding mechanisms, a pair of orthogonal modes can be excited in the lower band, and the slot modes can be obtained in the upper band. For demonstration, one prototype is fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the presented antenna obtains a wideband impedance bandwidth of 21.3% (2.18-2.7GHz) and 3dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 13.2% (2.2-2.51GHz) in the lower band for the left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) and obtains a wideband impedance bandwidth of 19.2% (4.7-5.7GHz) and 3dB AR bandwidth of 13.0% (4.91-5.59GHz) in the upper band for the right-hand circular polarization (RHCP). Furthermore, the two bands of the proposed antenna can cover the Wi-Fi band, and the antenna has a stable gain in the band.
{"title":"A Dual-Port Dual-Wideband Dual-Sense Circularly Polarized DRA With a Novel Feeding Mechanism","authors":"Li Zhang;Jian-Wei Liu;Bo Chen;Liang-Yong Yi;Dian Liu;Zi-Bin Weng;Yong-Chang Jiao","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3491222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3491222","url":null,"abstract":"A dual-wideband dual-sense circularly polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) based on a novel feeding technique is investigated and demonstrated. The proposed antenna is composed of a cylinder DR, a ground plane with a double cross-slot and two rectangle slots, and a novel feeding structure. In the lower band, the DR is fed by two vertical metal probes, and the antenna can be fed by a novel feeding method in the upper band. Based on these feeding mechanisms, a pair of orthogonal modes can be excited in the lower band, and the slot modes can be obtained in the upper band. For demonstration, one prototype is fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the presented antenna obtains a wideband impedance bandwidth of 21.3% (2.18-2.7GHz) and 3dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 13.2% (2.2-2.51GHz) in the lower band for the left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) and obtains a wideband impedance bandwidth of 19.2% (4.7-5.7GHz) and 3dB AR bandwidth of 13.0% (4.91-5.59GHz) in the upper band for the right-hand circular polarization (RHCP). Furthermore, the two bands of the proposed antenna can cover the Wi-Fi band, and the antenna has a stable gain in the band.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 1","pages":"229-234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10742942","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143107120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fluid Antenna Systems (FASs) have recently been proposed for enhancing the performance of wireless communication. FAS have previously exploited mechanical movement or liquids to perform the required adaptation to the wireless environment. Due to the mechanical or liquids approach, these systems have limited switching speeds that prevents their use for packet-by-packet adaptation in wireless communication systems. In this paper, we demonstrate that using mechanical movement or liquids in FAS is equivalent to radiation pattern reconfiguration. Using this observation, we propose a pixel-based reconfigurable antenna design for FAS (PRA-FAS) that supports microsecond FAS port switching for packet-by-packet adaptability. The proposed PRA-FAS provides 12 FAS ports across an equivalent length of 1/2 wavelength. Simulation and experimental results of a PRA-FAS prototype operating at 2.5 GHz indicate that the PRA-FAS can meet the FAS requirements, including port correlation and impedance matching. System-level simulations and experiments, using a MIMO testbed, demonstrate that the correlation of PRA-FAS ports aligns well with those that use mechanical movement or liquids.
{"title":"A Novel Pixel-Based Reconfigurable Antenna Applied in Fluid Antenna Systems With High Switching Speed","authors":"Jichen Zhang;Junhui Rao;Zan Li;Zhaoyang Ming;Chi-Yuk Chiu;Kai-Kit Wong;Kin-Fai Tong;Ross Murch","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3489215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OJAP.2024.3489215","url":null,"abstract":"Fluid Antenna Systems (FASs) have recently been proposed for enhancing the performance of wireless communication. FAS have previously exploited mechanical movement or liquids to perform the required adaptation to the wireless environment. Due to the mechanical or liquids approach, these systems have limited switching speeds that prevents their use for packet-by-packet adaptation in wireless communication systems. In this paper, we demonstrate that using mechanical movement or liquids in FAS is equivalent to radiation pattern reconfiguration. Using this observation, we propose a pixel-based reconfigurable antenna design for FAS (PRA-FAS) that supports microsecond FAS port switching for packet-by-packet adaptability. The proposed PRA-FAS provides 12 FAS ports across an equivalent length of 1/2 wavelength. Simulation and experimental results of a PRA-FAS prototype operating at 2.5 GHz indicate that the PRA-FAS can meet the FAS requirements, including port correlation and impedance matching. System-level simulations and experiments, using a MIMO testbed, demonstrate that the correlation of PRA-FAS ports aligns well with those that use mechanical movement or liquids.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":"6 1","pages":"212-228"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10740058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143106972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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