Pub Date : 2024-06-12DOI: 10.1109/ojap.2024.3413012
Eric D. Robinson, Carey M. Rappaport
{"title":"Unbalanced-Fed TCDA Performance Improvement Using a Scan Impedance Model","authors":"Eric D. Robinson, Carey M. Rappaport","doi":"10.1109/ojap.2024.3413012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojap.2024.3413012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3412410
Na Liu;Yansheng Gong;Rui Xu;Huanyang Chen;Guoxiong Cai
Recently, hyperbolic media (HM) has attracted considerable interest due to their open isofrequency contour (IFC) and high-k modes, while their numerical computational methods in infinite space are challenging. Although the uniaxial perfectly matched layer (UPML) has been successfully utilized, its failure in absorbing electromagnetic waves with HM has been shown in recent research. In this work, the reason for the failure is thoroughly analyzed, and an improved UPML is proposed based on the frequency domain finite element method (FEM) to truncate the unbound hyperbolic computational domain. Finally, the excellent absorption effect of the improved UPML is verified by representative examples such as an infinite HM, a linear-crossing metamaterial, and a Bessel beam.
最近，双曲介质（HM）因其开放式等频轮廓（IFC）和高 K 模而引起了广泛关注，但其在无限空间中的数值计算方法却极具挑战性。虽然单轴完全匹配层（UPML）已被成功利用，但最近的研究表明，它在用 HM 吸收电磁波时失效了。本文深入分析了失效原因，并基于频域有限元法（FEM）提出了一种改进的 UPML，以截断非约束双曲计算域。最后，通过无限 HM、线性交叉超材料和贝塞尔梁等代表性实例验证了改进型 UPML 的出色吸收效果。
{"title":"An Improved Uniaxial Perfectly Matched Layer Based on Finite Element Method for Hyperbolic Media","authors":"Na Liu;Yansheng Gong;Rui Xu;Huanyang Chen;Guoxiong Cai","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3412410","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3412410","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, hyperbolic media (HM) has attracted considerable interest due to their open isofrequency contour (IFC) and high-k modes, while their numerical computational methods in infinite space are challenging. Although the uniaxial perfectly matched layer (UPML) has been successfully utilized, its failure in absorbing electromagnetic waves with HM has been shown in recent research. In this work, the reason for the failure is thoroughly analyzed, and an improved UPML is proposed based on the frequency domain finite element method (FEM) to truncate the unbound hyperbolic computational domain. Finally, the excellent absorption effect of the improved UPML is verified by representative examples such as an infinite HM, a linear-crossing metamaterial, and a Bessel beam.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10552830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1109/ojap.2024.3412282
Akanksha Bhutani, Joel Dittmer, Luca Valenziano, Thomas Zwick
{"title":"Sub-THz Conformal Lens Integrated WR3.4 Antenna for High-Gain Beam-Steering","authors":"Akanksha Bhutani, Joel Dittmer, Luca Valenziano, Thomas Zwick","doi":"10.1109/ojap.2024.3412282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojap.2024.3412282","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3412609
Masoud Salmani Arani;Reza Shahidi;Lihong Zhang
Research on electromagnetic (EM) components is essential to enabling the design and optimization of such devices as antennas and filters, leading to improved functionality, reduced costs, and enhanced overall performance. This paper presents an overview of recent developments in optimization and design automation techniques for EM-component design and modeling. Limitations of conventional optimization methods are discussed, while the need for novel machine learning techniques capable of handling multiple objectives and large design spaces is highlighted. In this study, existing methods in the literature are reviewed from four viewpoints: structural view, algorithm view, component view, and application view. Different schemes in distinct design stages or applications are examined with advantages and drawbacks laid out for easier comprehension. Finally, to broaden the scope of optimization in the field of EM design and modeling, some prospective trends are pointed out to shed light on emerging research hotspots.
{"title":"A State-of-the-Art Survey on Advanced Electromagnetic Design: A Machine-Learning Perspective","authors":"Masoud Salmani Arani;Reza Shahidi;Lihong Zhang","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3412609","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3412609","url":null,"abstract":"Research on electromagnetic (EM) components is essential to enabling the design and optimization of such devices as antennas and filters, leading to improved functionality, reduced costs, and enhanced overall performance. This paper presents an overview of recent developments in optimization and design automation techniques for EM-component design and modeling. Limitations of conventional optimization methods are discussed, while the need for novel machine learning techniques capable of handling multiple objectives and large design spaces is highlighted. In this study, existing methods in the literature are reviewed from four viewpoints: structural view, algorithm view, component view, and application view. Different schemes in distinct design stages or applications are examined with advantages and drawbacks laid out for easier comprehension. Finally, to broaden the scope of optimization in the field of EM design and modeling, some prospective trends are pointed out to shed light on emerging research hotspots.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10552823","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-10DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3409746
Alessandro de Oliveira Cabral Junior;Hamza Kaouach;André Barka
This paper presents a novel approach for linear to circular polarization (LP-CP) conversion in transmitarray antennas. The proposed conversion mechanism differs significantly from previous published realizations. The concept utilizes a transmission line modeling-based excitation technique, in which a centralized via excitation is split into two striplines carefully designed to balance excitations and guarantee a phase quadrature. The striplines are embedded at the center of the patch antenna allowing a compact footprint and a simple design structure. The applied true-time delay (TTD) technique assures the radiation of a wideband and low axial ratio circularly polarized (CP) field. To optimize bandwidth and transmission efficiency, a stacked patch configuration is also employed, allowing for simultaneous high polarization conversion and transmission efficiency. The unit-cell design methodology is detailed, and two transmitarray designs are realized in both X and Ka bands. Experimental results from a fabricated X-band $20 times 20$ cell array prototype demonstrate a peak aperture efficiency of 30%, accompanied by a simultaneous 16% -1 dB gain and 1 dB axial ratio bandwidths. Furthermore, the measured wideband and highly efficient Ka-band transmitarray with a $70 times 70$ cell array confirmed a remarkable gain of 39.8 dB and 55% aperture efficiency at 29 GHz, surpassing previous LP-CP transmitarray antennas, while maintaining axial ratio values below 1 dB in a bandwidth larger than 26%.
本文提出了一种在发射天线阵中实现线性极化到圆极化（LP-CP）转换的新方法。所提出的转换机制与以往发表的实现方法有很大不同。这一概念利用了基于传输线建模的激励技术，其中，集中的通激被分成精心设计的两条带状线，以平衡激励并保证相位正交。条纹嵌入贴片天线的中心，从而实现了紧凑的占地面积和简单的设计结构。应用的真实时间延迟（TTD）技术确保了宽带和低轴向比圆极化（CP）场的辐射。为了优化带宽和传输效率，还采用了堆叠式贴片配置，可同时实现高极化转换和传输效率。详细介绍了单元单元设计方法，并在 X 和 Ka 波段实现了两种发射阵列设计。从制造的 X 波段 $20 times 20$ 单元阵列原型获得的实验结果表明，其峰值孔径效率为 30%，同时具有 16% -1 dB 增益和 1 dB 轴向比带宽。此外，使用 70 美元乘以 70 美元的单元阵列测量的宽带高效 Ka 波段发射阵列证实，在 29 GHz 频率下具有 39.8 dB 的显著增益和 55% 的孔径效率，超过了以前的 LP-CP 发射阵列天线，同时在大于 26% 的带宽内保持低于 1 dB 的轴向比值。
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Pub Date : 2024-06-06DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3410678
Andrés Gómez-Álvarez;Álvaro F. Vaquero;Manuel Arrebola;Marcos Rodriguez Pino
In this article, two multibeam reflectarray antennas are presented for Ka-band in a multi-feed configuration. Both feature a wide-angle scanning range with very low scan losses. They are designed using an iterative optimization process based on a phase-only optimization (POO) which allows fine control over the gain for each beam. The phase responses of the lattice cells are selected taking into account the illumination levels and radiation requirements of all feeds in the system. Minimization of scanning losses and overall antenna compactness are prioritized in the design. The feeding elements are placed along a tilted arc with a low F/D of 0.58. Compared to other beam scanning reflectarray designs in the literature, inter-feed blockage is avoided and thus simultaneous multibeam operation is supported. The two reflectarray designs are implemented using a unit cell with low losses and high angular stability, and they operate in different orthogonal linear polarizations. They are manufactured and measured, showing very low scan losses of 0.5 dB and 1.4 dB across a ±45-degree scanning range, while having maximum gain levels of 28.2 dBi and 29.4 dBi respectively. Moreover, they present extremely low beam squint across the evaluated 3 GHz band, and a measured 1 dB fractional bandwidth over 6.8% and 10%.
本文介绍了两种多馈源配置的 Ka 波段多波束反射阵列天线。这两种天线都具有扫描损耗极低的广角扫描范围。它们的设计采用了基于纯相位优化（POO）的迭代优化过程，可对每个波束的增益进行精细控制。在选择晶格单元的相位响应时，会考虑到系统中所有馈电的照明水平和辐射要求。扫描损耗最小化和天线整体紧凑性是设计中的优先考虑因素。馈电元件沿倾斜弧线放置，F/D 值低至 0.58。与文献中的其他波束扫描反射阵列设计相比，该设计避免了馈电间的阻塞，因此可支持多波束同时运行。这两种反射阵列设计都采用了具有低损耗和高角度稳定性的单元单元，并在不同的正交线性极化下工作。经过制造和测量，它们在 ±45 度扫描范围内的扫描损耗分别为 0.5 dB 和 1.4 dB，而最大增益水平分别为 28.2 dBi 和 29.4 dBi。此外，它们在评估的 3 GHz 波段内波束斜视极低，测量的 1 dB 分数带宽超过 6.8% 和 10%。
{"title":"Multibeam Compact Reflectarray Antenna With Low Scan Loss and Wide-Angle Performance Using a Multi-Feed Configuration","authors":"Andrés Gómez-Álvarez;Álvaro F. Vaquero;Manuel Arrebola;Marcos Rodriguez Pino","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3410678","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3410678","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, two multibeam reflectarray antennas are presented for Ka-band in a multi-feed configuration. Both feature a wide-angle scanning range with very low scan losses. They are designed using an iterative optimization process based on a phase-only optimization (POO) which allows fine control over the gain for each beam. The phase responses of the lattice cells are selected taking into account the illumination levels and radiation requirements of all feeds in the system. Minimization of scanning losses and overall antenna compactness are prioritized in the design. The feeding elements are placed along a tilted arc with a low F/D of 0.58. Compared to other beam scanning reflectarray designs in the literature, inter-feed blockage is avoided and thus simultaneous multibeam operation is supported. The two reflectarray designs are implemented using a unit cell with low losses and high angular stability, and they operate in different orthogonal linear polarizations. They are manufactured and measured, showing very low scan losses of 0.5 dB and 1.4 dB across a ±45-degree scanning range, while having maximum gain levels of 28.2 dBi and 29.4 dBi respectively. Moreover, they present extremely low beam squint across the evaluated 3 GHz band, and a measured 1 dB fractional bandwidth over 6.8% and 10%.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10550926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.1109/ojap.2024.3409827
Sara Fontana, Simona D’Agostino, Alessandra Paffi, Paolo Marracino, Marco Balucani, Giancarlo Ruocco, Salvatore Maria Aglioti, Francesca Apollonio, Micaela Liberti
{"title":"State of the Art on Advancements in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Telemetry: A Systematic Approach","authors":"Sara Fontana, Simona D’Agostino, Alessandra Paffi, Paolo Marracino, Marco Balucani, Giancarlo Ruocco, Salvatore Maria Aglioti, Francesca Apollonio, Micaela Liberti","doi":"10.1109/ojap.2024.3409827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojap.2024.3409827","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141935292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30DOI: 10.1109/ojap.2024.3407658
Nabanita Saha, Erik Pineda ALVAREZ, Ifana MAHBUB
{"title":"A Novel Theoretical Modeling of the Received Power for Phased Array-Based Wireless Power Transfer System in the Near-Field Region","authors":"Nabanita Saha, Erik Pineda ALVAREZ, Ifana MAHBUB","doi":"10.1109/ojap.2024.3407658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojap.2024.3407658","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-30DOI: 10.1109/ojap.2024.3407050
Khatereh Nadali, Neeraj Kumar Maurya, Patrick McEvoy, Max J. Ammann
{"title":"A Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna for Harvesting in Cellular and Digital Terrestrial Television Bands","authors":"Khatereh Nadali, Neeraj Kumar Maurya, Patrick McEvoy, Max J. Ammann","doi":"10.1109/ojap.2024.3407050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojap.2024.3407050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141197436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-06DOI: 10.1109/ojap.2024.3397193
Sanjeev Kumar, Gholamhosein Moloudian, Roy B. V. B. Simorangkir, Dinesh R Gawade, Brendan O’Flynn, John L Buckley
{"title":"Sub-GHz Wrist-Worn Antennas for Wireless Sensing Applications: A Review","authors":"Sanjeev Kumar, Gholamhosein Moloudian, Roy B. V. B. Simorangkir, Dinesh R Gawade, Brendan O’Flynn, John L Buckley","doi":"10.1109/ojap.2024.3397193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojap.2024.3397193","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140887479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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