Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3379306
Luohao Liu;Fan Yang;Shenheng Xu;Maokun Li
Via is an essential component in the design of an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure. This paper investigates the effects of the via in a mushroom-like EBG structure and proposes an equivalent circuit model of the via. It is revealed that when the via in the mushroom-like structure is offset, the element reflection phase will vary within 720 degrees instead of 360 degrees phase range in a conventional design. This phenomenon can be explained by a new circuit model that introduces a mutual inductance, and the corresponding electromagnetic properties of mushroom-like EBG structure can be quantitatively analyzed by this model. In addition, the applicability and error analysis of the model are discussed in this paper. The theoretical modeling and analysis enable an efficient and in-depth exploration of the via functions in similar EBG structures, and also provide more theoretical guidance and assistance for the design of reflection and transmission units based on EBG structure.
{"title":"Effects and Models of Offset-Via in Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure","authors":"Luohao Liu;Fan Yang;Shenheng Xu;Maokun Li","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3379306","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3379306","url":null,"abstract":"Via is an essential component in the design of an Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure. This paper investigates the effects of the via in a mushroom-like EBG structure and proposes an equivalent circuit model of the via. It is revealed that when the via in the mushroom-like structure is offset, the element reflection phase will vary within 720 degrees instead of 360 degrees phase range in a conventional design. This phenomenon can be explained by a new circuit model that introduces a mutual inductance, and the corresponding electromagnetic properties of mushroom-like EBG structure can be quantitatively analyzed by this model. In addition, the applicability and error analysis of the model are discussed in this paper. The theoretical modeling and analysis enable an efficient and in-depth exploration of the via functions in similar EBG structures, and also provide more theoretical guidance and assistance for the design of reflection and transmission units based on EBG structure.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10475704","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140202028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1109/ojap.2024.3377368
Aobo Li, Mengran Zhao, DÓNal Patrick Lynch, Shitao Zhu, Muhammad Ali Babar Abbasi, Okan Yurduseven
{"title":"Frequency-Diverse Reflection Metasurface Antenna Design for Computational Microwave Imaging","authors":"Aobo Li, Mengran Zhao, DÓNal Patrick Lynch, Shitao Zhu, Muhammad Ali Babar Abbasi, Okan Yurduseven","doi":"10.1109/ojap.2024.3377368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ojap.2024.3377368","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140169369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3376568
Li Zhang;Miao Lv;Zhi-Ya Zhang;Yu Wang;Fanchao Zeng;Can Ding;Chenhui Dai
In this paper, a single-antenna full-duplex subsystem is proposed, consisting of a high isolation network and a stacked patch antenna with reflector. The employed patch antenna is fed by two ports with very similar input impedances to make the reflected signals identical. The high isolation network composed of two hybrids and two circulators plays a crucial part in achieving high transmitting to receiving (Tx-Rx) isolation. It is able to cancel out the inevitable reflected signals from the antenna ports and the leakage signals from the circulators. The theoretical analysis is presented and the subsystem is also fabricated and measured. According to the measurement results, across the operation band from 2.018 to 2.12 GHz, the subsystem has VSWR <1.55,> 50 dB, axial ratio <2.4,>10.2 dBic. Compared with the state-of-art single-antenna full-duplex subsystems, the proposed design features high Tx-Rx isolation level and high gain, which is suitable for microwave radio relay communication and satellite detection application.
{"title":"A Single-Antenna Full-Duplex Subsystem With High Isolation and High Gain","authors":"Li Zhang;Miao Lv;Zhi-Ya Zhang;Yu Wang;Fanchao Zeng;Can Ding;Chenhui Dai","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3376568","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3376568","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a single-antenna full-duplex subsystem is proposed, consisting of a high isolation network and a stacked patch antenna with reflector. The employed patch antenna is fed by two ports with very similar input impedances to make the reflected signals identical. The high isolation network composed of two hybrids and two circulators plays a crucial part in achieving high transmitting to receiving (Tx-Rx) isolation. It is able to cancel out the inevitable reflected signals from the antenna ports and the leakage signals from the circulators. The theoretical analysis is presented and the subsystem is also fabricated and measured. According to the measurement results, across the operation band from 2.018 to 2.12 GHz, the subsystem has VSWR <1.55,> 50 dB, axial ratio <2.4,>10.2 dBic. Compared with the state-of-art single-antenna full-duplex subsystems, the proposed design features high Tx-Rx isolation level and high gain, which is suitable for microwave radio relay communication and satellite detection application.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10470386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140166124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3378116
Somayeh Komeylian;Christopher Paolini
Research in the field of fault detection has steadily been developing for monitoring the performance of array antennas in the presence of errors in excitation phases and amplitudes. The presence of faulty elements degrades significantly the radiation characteristics and performance of antenna arrays. The measured errors in excitation phases and amplitudes at outputs of elements of the 3D HAAwBE are characterized by a few sparse non-zero vectors. A regularized $l_{2,1}$ -norm problem is designed to model errors of faulty elements and noise. In this work, we have implemented the ADMM method under the joint sparsity setting to solve the regularized $l_{2,1}$ -norm problem for a number of samples of the degraded radiation pattern of the HAAwBE rather than computing its array factor, which requires significant and complex mathematical computation. The proposed ADMM technique under the joint sparsity setting allows for minimizing the cost function of the problem with respect to both model parameters and variable vectors. We have further increased accuracy and stability of the performance of the HAAwBE in the two problems of fault detection and DoA estimation by deploying three different optimization methods: LS-SVM, NN-RBF, and NN-MLP, and compared to each other. Consequently, the superior performance of the HAAwBE has been numerically verified by the high success rates of 91.83%, 91.24%, and 88.33%, by performing the LS-SVM, NN-MLP, and NN-RBF optimization methods, respectively, in the presence of 50% faulty elements. Furthermore, results of DoA estimation by the HAAwBE have represented the high resolution in recognizing locations of three signal sources with performing the optimization method.
{"title":"Modeling of the Fault Detection Problem for a 3-D Hybrid Antenna Array: Analysis and Evaluation","authors":"Somayeh Komeylian;Christopher Paolini","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3378116","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3378116","url":null,"abstract":"Research in the field of fault detection has steadily been developing for monitoring the performance of array antennas in the presence of errors in excitation phases and amplitudes. The presence of faulty elements degrades significantly the radiation characteristics and performance of antenna arrays. The measured errors in excitation phases and amplitudes at outputs of elements of the 3D HAAwBE are characterized by a few sparse non-zero vectors. A regularized \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$l_{2,1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-norm problem is designed to model errors of faulty elements and noise. In this work, we have implemented the ADMM method under the joint sparsity setting to solve the regularized \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$l_{2,1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-norm problem for a number of samples of the degraded radiation pattern of the HAAwBE rather than computing its array factor, which requires significant and complex mathematical computation. The proposed ADMM technique under the joint sparsity setting allows for minimizing the cost function of the problem with respect to both model parameters and variable vectors. We have further increased accuracy and stability of the performance of the HAAwBE in the two problems of fault detection and DoA estimation by deploying three different optimization methods: LS-SVM, NN-RBF, and NN-MLP, and compared to each other. Consequently, the superior performance of the HAAwBE has been numerically verified by the high success rates of 91.83%, 91.24%, and 88.33%, by performing the LS-SVM, NN-MLP, and NN-RBF optimization methods, respectively, in the presence of 50% faulty elements. Furthermore, results of DoA estimation by the HAAwBE have represented the high resolution in recognizing locations of three signal sources with performing the optimization method.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10473162","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140166709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3377695
Hemalatha T;Bappadittya Roy
A novel and miniaturized design featuring a Co-directional Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CO-CSRR) loaded Tri-Quarter Circular (TQC) Extremely Wideband (EWB) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna has been developed and simulated. This proposed antenna demonstrates high isolation and exhibits multiple notch characteristics. The configuration consists of two TQC patches positioned adjacent to each other with a common partial ground plane (PGP), achieving an Extremely Wideband (EWB) capability of 85.8 GHz. Additionally, two elliptical CO-CSRRs are etched on the TQC elements to introduce dual-notch characteristics in the X-band and Ku-band. The integration of two Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures on either side of the microstrip feedline facilitates the creation of notch frequency ranges at Q-band downlink and V-band. To enhance isolation, a slotted meandering strip is extruded to the PGP. This design primarily focuses on achieving EWB with a compact size and reduced complexity. The overall physical volume of the proposed design is $2.74~lambda _{o} {times } 4.83~lambda _{o} {times } 0.25~lambda _{o}$ , achieved a maximum $|S_{11}|$ of 30.82 dB at a frequency of 17.58 GHz. The antenna’s performance has been thoroughly evaluated in terms of radiation pattern, isolation, Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), Gain, and Efficiency. Stable gain and Group Delay (GD) of less than 0.2 ns for the entire Extremely Wideband (EWB) range have been achieved, with lower gain observed at the notch bands.
{"title":"Low-Profile CO-CSRR and EBG Loaded Tri-Quarter Circular Patch EWB MIMO Antenna With Multiple Notch Bands","authors":"Hemalatha T;Bappadittya Roy","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3377695","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3377695","url":null,"abstract":"A novel and miniaturized design featuring a Co-directional Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CO-CSRR) loaded Tri-Quarter Circular (TQC) Extremely Wideband (EWB) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna has been developed and simulated. This proposed antenna demonstrates high isolation and exhibits multiple notch characteristics. The configuration consists of two TQC patches positioned adjacent to each other with a common partial ground plane (PGP), achieving an Extremely Wideband (EWB) capability of 85.8 GHz. Additionally, two elliptical CO-CSRRs are etched on the TQC elements to introduce dual-notch characteristics in the X-band and Ku-band. The integration of two Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures on either side of the microstrip feedline facilitates the creation of notch frequency ranges at Q-band downlink and V-band. To enhance isolation, a slotted meandering strip is extruded to the PGP. This design primarily focuses on achieving EWB with a compact size and reduced complexity. The overall physical volume of the proposed design is \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2.74~lambda _{o} {times } 4.83~lambda _{o} {times } 0.25~lambda _{o}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, achieved a maximum \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$|S_{11}|$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 of 30.82 dB at a frequency of 17.58 GHz. The antenna’s performance has been thoroughly evaluated in terms of radiation pattern, isolation, Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), Gain, and Efficiency. Stable gain and Group Delay (GD) of less than 0.2 ns for the entire Extremely Wideband (EWB) range have been achieved, with lower gain observed at the notch bands.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10473178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140166111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3377264
Behnam Mazdouri;Rashid Mirzavand
Multi-directional signal coverage utilizing simple multi-functional antenna plays a crucial role in 5G smart environment and the massive Internet of Things (IoT). The term “Multifunctionality” refers to an antenna’s ability to control and alter its radiation pattern. Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) antennas are considered simple and cost-effective due to their flexible one-layer configurations, making them a good candidate for smart environment. Different radiation features and signal levels in the spoof SPP antenna employing either separated or combined $k_{-1}$ space harmonic or odd-mode are considered in this paper. Our proposed hybrid-mode antenna combines the above mentioned modes. For this purpose, a phase shift stub (PSS) is proposed for providing required phase delay. Then, the PSS is connected to a sinusoidally impedance-modulated spoof SPP antenna for hybrid-mode excitation. Our antenna supports radiation features of the mentioned modes in separate and hybrid-modes, depending on phase delay value of PSS at the operating frequencies of 26 GHz-30 GHz. Furthermore, a new design guide for odd-mode spoof SPP antennas is introduced in order to decrease side lobes’ level that are more intense in longer antennas. In order to verify the proposed structures’ performance, simulated and measured results of the reconfigurable antenna consisting of diodes and a biasing circuit are presented. The obtained measured results align well with the simulated ones.
{"title":"Intelligent Signal Coverage Employing Hybrid-Mode Excitation in 5G Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons Antennas","authors":"Behnam Mazdouri;Rashid Mirzavand","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3377264","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3377264","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-directional signal coverage utilizing simple multi-functional antenna plays a crucial role in 5G smart environment and the massive Internet of Things (IoT). The term “Multifunctionality” refers to an antenna’s ability to control and alter its radiation pattern. Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) antennas are considered simple and cost-effective due to their flexible one-layer configurations, making them a good candidate for smart environment. Different radiation features and signal levels in the spoof SPP antenna employing either separated or combined \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$k_{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 space harmonic or odd-mode are considered in this paper. Our proposed hybrid-mode antenna combines the above mentioned modes. For this purpose, a phase shift stub (PSS) is proposed for providing required phase delay. Then, the PSS is connected to a sinusoidally impedance-modulated spoof SPP antenna for hybrid-mode excitation. Our antenna supports radiation features of the mentioned modes in separate and hybrid-modes, depending on phase delay value of PSS at the operating frequencies of 26 GHz-30 GHz. Furthermore, a new design guide for odd-mode spoof SPP antennas is introduced in order to decrease side lobes’ level that are more intense in longer antennas. In order to verify the proposed structures’ performance, simulated and measured results of the reconfigurable antenna consisting of diodes and a biasing circuit are presented. The obtained measured results align well with the simulated ones.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10472596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3375153
Yufang Wang;Yuehe Ge;Zhizhang Chen;Ziheng Zhou
Ensuring a low cross-polarization level (CPL) is imperative in the design of antennas with a low sidelobe level (SLL). This paper introduces an innovative approach for designing wideband, high-gain, low-sidelobe, and low-cross-polarization reflectarray (RA) and transmitarray (TA) antennas. The methodology leverages a groundbreaking metasurface endowed with the capability for independent amplitude and phase manipulation in both transmission and reflection modes. Initial characterization robustly verifies the metasurface’s proficiency in independently controlling amplitude and phase in reflection and transmission modes. Importantly, the study demonstrates that this metasurface enables the straightforward attainment of low CPL in the design of low-SLL RA and TA antennas. The study progresses to the design, fabrication, and testing of three RA and TA antennas. The obtained simulated and measured results affirm their exceptional performance in terms of wideband, high-gain, low-SLL, and low-CPL characteristics.
在设计具有低侧叶（SLL）的天线时，必须确保低交叉极化水平（CPL）。本文介绍了一种设计宽带、高增益、低边距、低交叉极化反射阵列（RA）和发射阵列（TA）天线的创新方法。该方法利用了具有开创性的元表面，该元表面具有在传输和反射模式下进行独立振幅和相位操作的能力。初步特性分析有力地验证了元表面在反射和传输模式下独立控制振幅和相位的能力。重要的是，研究表明，在设计低 SLL RA 和 TA 天线时，这种元表面能够直接实现低 CPL。研究进而对三个 RA 和 TA 天线进行了设计、制造和测试。获得的模拟和测量结果证实了它们在宽带、高增益、低 SLL 和低 CPL 特性方面的卓越性能。
{"title":"Design of Wideband Reflectarray and Transmitarray Antennas With Low Sidelobe and Cross-Polarization Levels Using a Multifunctional Ultrathin Metasurface","authors":"Yufang Wang;Yuehe Ge;Zhizhang Chen;Ziheng Zhou","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3375153","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3375153","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring a low cross-polarization level (CPL) is imperative in the design of antennas with a low sidelobe level (SLL). This paper introduces an innovative approach for designing wideband, high-gain, low-sidelobe, and low-cross-polarization reflectarray (RA) and transmitarray (TA) antennas. The methodology leverages a groundbreaking metasurface endowed with the capability for independent amplitude and phase manipulation in both transmission and reflection modes. Initial characterization robustly verifies the metasurface’s proficiency in independently controlling amplitude and phase in reflection and transmission modes. Importantly, the study demonstrates that this metasurface enables the straightforward attainment of low CPL in the design of low-SLL RA and TA antennas. The study progresses to the design, fabrication, and testing of three RA and TA antennas. The obtained simulated and measured results affirm their exceptional performance in terms of wideband, high-gain, low-SLL, and low-CPL characteristics.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10463612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140115758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3373913
Saiju Li;Meie Chen;Zheng Li;Jianqiang Chen;Junhong Wang
A novel wireless local area network (WLAN) antenna with dual-polarized and beam-reconfigurable ability is developed for WLAN 2.4 GHz band application. The antenna is composed of a horizontally polarized (HP) antenna and a vertically polarized (VP) antenna. The radiation pattern of the HP antenna can be switched between an omnidirectional beam and four directional beams in the azimuth plane, while the VP antenna can generate an omnidirectional beam and eight directional beams. Then the antenna prototype is fabricated and measured. The directional beam gain of the HP antenna varies from 2.7 to 3 dBi, and that of the VP antenna varies from 2.5 to 3.5 dBi. The maximum difference between the measured and simulated directional beams is 0.9 dBi. The measured and simulated reflection coefficients of the antenna are below −10 dB for all the beam states, and the isolation between the two polarizations is less than −18 dB in the WLAN 2.4 GHz band. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones, showing a good application prospect in WLAN system in the future.
{"title":"A WLAN Dual-Polarized Beam-Reconfigurable Antenna","authors":"Saiju Li;Meie Chen;Zheng Li;Jianqiang Chen;Junhong Wang","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3373913","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3373913","url":null,"abstract":"A novel wireless local area network (WLAN) antenna with dual-polarized and beam-reconfigurable ability is developed for WLAN 2.4 GHz band application. The antenna is composed of a horizontally polarized (HP) antenna and a vertically polarized (VP) antenna. The radiation pattern of the HP antenna can be switched between an omnidirectional beam and four directional beams in the azimuth plane, while the VP antenna can generate an omnidirectional beam and eight directional beams. Then the antenna prototype is fabricated and measured. The directional beam gain of the HP antenna varies from 2.7 to 3 dBi, and that of the VP antenna varies from 2.5 to 3.5 dBi. The maximum difference between the measured and simulated directional beams is 0.9 dBi. The measured and simulated reflection coefficients of the antenna are below −10 dB for all the beam states, and the isolation between the two polarizations is less than −18 dB in the WLAN 2.4 GHz band. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones, showing a good application prospect in WLAN system in the future.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10461076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140072958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.1109/OJAP.2024.3398147
P. Sumithra;Mohammed Gulam Nabi Alsath;K. J. Jegadishkumar;D. Kannadassan
Fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems demand compact and low-profile high gain wideband antenna. Planar log-periodic array antenna (pLPA) has such potential qualities for 5G base-station and user-devices. However, many important features and RF analysis are rarely elaborated for pLPA which include equivalent circuit modeling. In this article, authors present the systematic RF analysis, fabrication, and equivalent circuit modeling for sub-6GHz 5G application using theory of characteristic modes (TCM). The fabricated pLPA is designed to cover the 5G bands with a high gain of >5 dBi and a fractional bandwidth of >1. Using simulation tool based on method of moments, radiating and non-radiating modes are tracked and studied with detailed physics. These modes are modeled using analytically derived equivalent circuit and assembled in an RF/microwave circuit simulator. The characteristic mode analysis and RF circuit modeling of pLPA help in the advancement of future 5G RF front-end modules.
{"title":"RF Circuit Analysis of UWB Planar Log Periodic Antenna for 5G Communications Using Theory of Characteristic Modes","authors":"P. Sumithra;Mohammed Gulam Nabi Alsath;K. J. Jegadishkumar;D. Kannadassan","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3398147","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3398147","url":null,"abstract":"Fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems demand compact and low-profile high gain wideband antenna. Planar log-periodic array antenna (pLPA) has such potential qualities for 5G base-station and user-devices. However, many important features and RF analysis are rarely elaborated for pLPA which include equivalent circuit modeling. In this article, authors present the systematic RF analysis, fabrication, and equivalent circuit modeling for sub-6GHz 5G application using theory of characteristic modes (TCM). The fabricated pLPA is designed to cover the 5G bands with a high gain of >5 dBi and a fractional bandwidth of >1. Using simulation tool based on method of moments, radiating and non-radiating modes are tracked and studied with detailed physics. These modes are modeled using analytically derived equivalent circuit and assembled in an RF/microwave circuit simulator. The characteristic mode analysis and RF circuit modeling of pLPA help in the advancement of future 5G RF front-end modules.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10525207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140930596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In remote sensing problems, broadband scattering investigation becomes increasingly important than ever before. The scattering characteristic changes significantly with the variation of range. Thus, the conventional evaluation method becomes invalid in many situations. Meanwhile, an efficient method for the simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation in electrically large remote sensing problem is also an urgently demanding. In order to alleviate such problems, an alternative Crank-Nicolson Direct-Splitting algorithm is proposed in open regions. To infinite extension of the computational domain, convolutional perfectly match layer with higher order formulation is proposed not only to further enhance the absorption at low-frequency band but also to decrease the reflections during the entire time domain simulation. Efficient method is proposed for scattering characteristics evaluation which ranges from near-field to far-field. Radar remote sensing Problems including ground penetrating radar and early warning radar are introduced to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. Through the results, it can be concluded that the proposed algorithm shows considerable performance in the simulation of remote sensing problems.
{"title":"Analysis of Scattering Characteristics Based on Crank-Nicolson Direct-Splitting Algorithm for Remote Sensing Problems","authors":"Shida Gao;Hua Jiang;Yong Fan;Yongjun Xie;Haolin Jiang;Peiyu Wu","doi":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3374259","DOIUrl":"10.1109/OJAP.2024.3374259","url":null,"abstract":"In remote sensing problems, broadband scattering investigation becomes increasingly important than ever before. The scattering characteristic changes significantly with the variation of range. Thus, the conventional evaluation method becomes invalid in many situations. Meanwhile, an efficient method for the simulation of electromagnetic wave propagation in electrically large remote sensing problem is also an urgently demanding. In order to alleviate such problems, an alternative Crank-Nicolson Direct-Splitting algorithm is proposed in open regions. To infinite extension of the computational domain, convolutional perfectly match layer with higher order formulation is proposed not only to further enhance the absorption at low-frequency band but also to decrease the reflections during the entire time domain simulation. Efficient method is proposed for scattering characteristics evaluation which ranges from near-field to far-field. Radar remote sensing Problems including ground penetrating radar and early warning radar are introduced to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. Through the results, it can be concluded that the proposed algorithm shows considerable performance in the simulation of remote sensing problems.","PeriodicalId":34267,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10461021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140076424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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