Abstract:For folklorists, anthropologists, and other scholars of oral tradition, "mythology" typically refers to a genre of narratives whose actions are set in the ancient or primordial past. In his Mythologies, Barthes seems to depart from this scholarly convention by invoking this term and its associated rhetoric to categorize and characterize events and images drawn from the modern world of French and American politics, popular culture, and middle-class values. I argue that despite the nominal modernity of his topics, Barthes almost invariably conjures the power and appeal of ancientness (or eternality, or eternal return) through a variety of subtle strategies that I attempt to lay bare.
{"title":"Is Modern Mythology Ancient?","authors":"Gregory Schrempp","doi":"10.3138/YCL.62.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.62.013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:For folklorists, anthropologists, and other scholars of oral tradition, \"mythology\" typically refers to a genre of narratives whose actions are set in the ancient or primordial past. In his Mythologies, Barthes seems to depart from this scholarly convention by invoking this term and its associated rhetoric to categorize and characterize events and images drawn from the modern world of French and American politics, popular culture, and middle-class values. I argue that despite the nominal modernity of his topics, Barthes almost invariably conjures the power and appeal of ancientness (or eternality, or eternal return) through a variety of subtle strategies that I attempt to lay bare.","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133923968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:What is commonly said about Barthes's semiology of the image is that the later developments, aiming at positing an ontology of the referent, reversed completely the initial analyses of the constructedness of myth. However, by looking at the new translation of Barthes's Mythologies, one can see that these critical vignettes exhibit a theory of the image that partly anticipates the later meditations on the punctum elaborated in Camera Lucida. Thus, the original concept of "photogeny" deployed in Mythologies can be seen as providing a transition to the later ontology.
{"title":"Barthes's Mythological \"Photogeny\"","authors":"Jean-michel Rabaté","doi":"10.3138/YCL.62.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.62.010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:What is commonly said about Barthes's semiology of the image is that the later developments, aiming at positing an ontology of the referent, reversed completely the initial analyses of the constructedness of myth. However, by looking at the new translation of Barthes's Mythologies, one can see that these critical vignettes exhibit a theory of the image that partly anticipates the later meditations on the punctum elaborated in Camera Lucida. Thus, the original concept of \"photogeny\" deployed in Mythologies can be seen as providing a transition to the later ontology.","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134202077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Roland Barthes's position regarding doxa is subtle yet full of personal and political tensions. He understands doxa as public opinion, as bourgeois ideology, which always threatens to invade and pervert his own thinking—to the point that his main concern, at times, seems to be his desire and need to escape doxa. Nevertheless, he is fully aware that, as a human being, there is no avoiding the doxic situation. Thus, Barthes's position regarding doxa is inherently paradoxical.My aim in this short article is to provide a critical commentary on, and try to explicate, Barthes's use of doxa through a close reading of some passages from Roland Barthes par Roland Barthes (1975). In doing so, I also hope to make amends for my earlier, perhaps rather shallow and bleak, understanding of the role of doxa in Barthes's text.
摘要:罗兰·巴特对doxa的立场是微妙的，但充满了个人和政治的张力。他把doxa理解为舆论，理解为资产阶级的意识形态，这种意识形态总是威胁着侵入和扭曲他自己的思想——以至于他的主要关注点，有时似乎是他逃离doxa的欲望和需要。然而，他充分意识到，作为一个人，有毒的情况是无法避免的。因此，巴特关于doxa的立场本质上是矛盾的。在这篇短文中，我的目的是通过对Roland Barthes par Roland Barthes(1975)的一些段落的仔细阅读，对Barthes对doxa的使用提供一个批判性的评论，并试图解释。在这样做的过程中，我也希望弥补我之前对“多克萨”在巴特文本中所扮演角色的理解，这种理解或许相当浅薄和凄凉。
{"title":"Doxa: That Which Sticks onto the Retina","authors":"M. Rosengren","doi":"10.3138/YCL.62.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.62.012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Roland Barthes's position regarding doxa is subtle yet full of personal and political tensions. He understands doxa as public opinion, as bourgeois ideology, which always threatens to invade and pervert his own thinking—to the point that his main concern, at times, seems to be his desire and need to escape doxa. Nevertheless, he is fully aware that, as a human being, there is no avoiding the doxic situation. Thus, Barthes's position regarding doxa is inherently paradoxical.My aim in this short article is to provide a critical commentary on, and try to explicate, Barthes's use of doxa through a close reading of some passages from Roland Barthes par Roland Barthes (1975). In doing so, I also hope to make amends for my earlier, perhaps rather shallow and bleak, understanding of the role of doxa in Barthes's text.","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133536512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Though utterance assumes at least provisional determination, the very act of forming a proposition, sentence, or principle exposes gaps and indeterminacies in language itself. This essay unravels contradictions in Hegel's language on the ontological implications of meaning-making, in order to show that language abandons itself even as it seeks to leap from uncertainty into some form of determination. Hegel's identity principle, as linguistic enactment, reveals itself to be at once self-creative and self-destructive. Ultimately, this essay performs its own unraveling in an improvisational coda that exposes the internal negations of the Satz.
{"title":"The Void in the Principle of Identity","authors":"W. Hamacher, Heidi Hart","doi":"10.3138/YCL.62.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.62.007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Though utterance assumes at least provisional determination, the very act of forming a proposition, sentence, or principle exposes gaps and indeterminacies in language itself. This essay unravels contradictions in Hegel's language on the ontological implications of meaning-making, in order to show that language abandons itself even as it seeks to leap from uncertainty into some form of determination. Hegel's identity principle, as linguistic enactment, reveals itself to be at once self-creative and self-destructive. Ultimately, this essay performs its own unraveling in an improvisational coda that exposes the internal negations of the Satz.","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121817052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Reflecting on Barthes's dissection of the "mythical object" identified as Einstein's brain, this article shows that the section of Mythologies entitled "Einstein's Brain" not only occupies the mathematical center of the volume but also, splitting Einstein apart from himself, concludes with an abbreviated version of its general theory of myth. The article then extends Barthes's inquiry in two directions: first, it examines three contemporary versions of Einstein (concerning his mind, his soul, and his brain, which was preserved and segmented into two-hundred-some parts immediately upon his death); second, it considers the relationship between the disposition of Einstein's brain in the context of twenty-first-century neuroscience and the significance of Einstein's brand in the context of cloud-based commercial culture.
{"title":"\"Einstein's Brain\" in Three Parts","authors":"Peter Fenves","doi":"10.3138/YCL.62.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.62.005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Reflecting on Barthes's dissection of the \"mythical object\" identified as Einstein's brain, this article shows that the section of Mythologies entitled \"Einstein's Brain\" not only occupies the mathematical center of the volume but also, splitting Einstein apart from himself, concludes with an abbreviated version of its general theory of myth. The article then extends Barthes's inquiry in two directions: first, it examines three contemporary versions of Einstein (concerning his mind, his soul, and his brain, which was preserved and segmented into two-hundred-some parts immediately upon his death); second, it considers the relationship between the disposition of Einstein's brain in the context of twenty-first-century neuroscience and the significance of Einstein's brand in the context of cloud-based commercial culture.","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127099018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In the reactionary aftermath to the international events of 1968, Roland Barthes reconsidered his previous works of structuralist semiology, especially Mythologies (1957). While taking a post-structuralist turn, Barthes's late works seek to grapple with a ruling class increasingly immune to enlightenment modes of dialectical critique and satirical demystification. By reconsidering Barthes's reflections on technological transformations in the era of late capital, this article leverages Barthes's figuration of the "neutral" to explicate his paradoxical politics of aesthetic resistance. Throughout his array of experimental and speculative writings in the 1970s, Barthes offers insights into the polarized nature of culture and politics in a hyper-mediated society of the spectacle while providing blueprints for modes of subversion finely tuned to persuade those who will not be persuaded.
{"title":"Roland Barthes after 1968: Critical Theory in the Reactionary Era of New Media","authors":"Alex Wermer-Colan","doi":"10.3138/YCL.62.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.62.016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the reactionary aftermath to the international events of 1968, Roland Barthes reconsidered his previous works of structuralist semiology, especially Mythologies (1957). While taking a post-structuralist turn, Barthes's late works seek to grapple with a ruling class increasingly immune to enlightenment modes of dialectical critique and satirical demystification. By reconsidering Barthes's reflections on technological transformations in the era of late capital, this article leverages Barthes's figuration of the \"neutral\" to explicate his paradoxical politics of aesthetic resistance. Throughout his array of experimental and speculative writings in the 1970s, Barthes offers insights into the polarized nature of culture and politics in a hyper-mediated society of the spectacle while providing blueprints for modes of subversion finely tuned to persuade those who will not be persuaded.","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122117084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emancipating the Interval","authors":"Daniel Heller-Roazen","doi":"10.3138/YCL.62.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.62.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123761090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay explores the unintended consequences and complications of Derrida's différance through his own language and that of Heidegger, with additional reflection on the trace and its effacement. Self-revocation and forgottenness occur at the crux of any effort to articulate Being, in the very language of this effort, as a "prose-ontological ellipsis." Only in the margins of utterance, in the wandering from or skewing of the bindings imposed by language on thought (enacted in Derrida's own double-columned work Glas, which opens spaces between Genet and Hegel), can transcendence occur, and then only through dissemination. This performative text illuminates the ontological lacunae in language through repetition, refraction, and provisional formulae that inevitably break down in the act of reflection on negation.
{"title":"Le sans d'être","authors":"Werner Hamacher, Heidi Hart","doi":"10.3138/YCL.62.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.62.006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay explores the unintended consequences and complications of Derrida's différance through his own language and that of Heidegger, with additional reflection on the trace and its effacement. Self-revocation and forgottenness occur at the crux of any effort to articulate Being, in the very language of this effort, as a \"prose-ontological ellipsis.\" Only in the margins of utterance, in the wandering from or skewing of the bindings imposed by language on thought (enacted in Derrida's own double-columned work Glas, which opens spaces between Genet and Hegel), can transcendence occur, and then only through dissemination. This performative text illuminates the ontological lacunae in language through repetition, refraction, and provisional formulae that inevitably break down in the act of reflection on negation.","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129394292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: “Radical Empiricism Revisited” accomplishes a twofold task. In its early going, it raises questions concerning what arguably remains the most prominent force in continental philosophy and theory today: the radically empiricist, albeit also transcendentally inflected, projects of thinkers like Gilles Deleuze or Bruno Latour. After arguing that such empiricism, whatever its other merits, still trades on fairly standard Kantian frameworks for its own thinking, alternatives are explored. More novel, because more radically temporal (i.e., disappearing or evanescent), approaches are traced in the early writings of Jacques Derrida and, above all, in Michel Foucault’s first masterpiece, Folie et déraison: Histoire de folie à l’âge classique, on the basis of a different genealogy for transcendental questioning that follows Maurice Merleau-Ponty—a middle figure, to whom Deleuze was close—back to Edmund Husserl.
摘要:《重新审视激进经验主义》完成了一个双重任务。在它的早期，它提出了一些问题，这些问题涉及到今天可以说是大陆哲学和理论中最重要的力量:激进的经验主义，尽管也被超越了，像吉尔·德勒兹或布鲁诺·拉图尔这样的思想家的项目。在论证了这种经验主义，无论其其他优点如何，仍然在相当标准的康德框架上交易自己的思维之后，探索了替代方案。更新颖，因为更激进的时间(即消失或消失)，在雅克·德里达的早期著作中，尤其是米歇尔·福柯的第一部杰作，Folie et dsamrison: Histoire de Folie o ' l ' classique，基于一种不同的先验质疑谱系，它遵循莫里斯·梅洛-庞蒂——一个中间人物，德勒兹与埃德蒙·胡塞尔非常接近。
{"title":"Radical Empiricism Revisited","authors":"J. Kates","doi":"10.3138/YCL.61.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.61.235","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: “Radical Empiricism Revisited” accomplishes a twofold task. In its early going, it raises questions concerning what arguably remains the most prominent force in continental philosophy and theory today: the radically empiricist, albeit also transcendentally inflected, projects of thinkers like Gilles Deleuze or Bruno Latour. After arguing that such empiricism, whatever its other merits, still trades on fairly standard Kantian frameworks for its own thinking, alternatives are explored. More novel, because more radically temporal (i.e., disappearing or evanescent), approaches are traced in the early writings of Jacques Derrida and, above all, in Michel Foucault’s first masterpiece, Folie et déraison: Histoire de folie à l’âge classique, on the basis of a different genealogy for transcendental questioning that follows Maurice Merleau-Ponty—a middle figure, to whom Deleuze was close—back to Edmund Husserl.","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127759223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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