Abstract:The relationship between Jorge Luis Borges and deconstruction has been much investigated, yet rarely has this research addressed the fact that both projects share the conviction that neither language nor text exist. Obviously, neither discourse denies that language and text are there. Yet they are not, here, presences: they are not objects before a subject, hence beings, not even imaginary beings. Departing from a close reading of Jacques Derrida's insistence that "language does not exist, no one has ever encountered it," this article scrutinizes the way in which this "non-existence" opens a path for a rethinking of history, literary history, Latin American aesthetics, and Latin American cultural studies. Also offered are novel interpretations of Borges's "Funes, His Memory," "Kafka and His Precursors," and The Book of Imaginary Beings.
{"title":"The Possibility of the Unicorn in Borges and Kafka","authors":"B. Levinson","doi":"10.3138/ycl.63.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/ycl.63.006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The relationship between Jorge Luis Borges and deconstruction has been much investigated, yet rarely has this research addressed the fact that both projects share the conviction that neither language nor text exist. Obviously, neither discourse denies that language and text are there. Yet they are not, here, presences: they are not objects before a subject, hence beings, not even imaginary beings. Departing from a close reading of Jacques Derrida's insistence that \"language does not exist, no one has ever encountered it,\" this article scrutinizes the way in which this \"non-existence\" opens a path for a rethinking of history, literary history, Latin American aesthetics, and Latin American cultural studies. Also offered are novel interpretations of Borges's \"Funes, His Memory,\" \"Kafka and His Precursors,\" and The Book of Imaginary Beings.","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121688804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Is it possible to write something new about an author who has always accompanied his work with his own commentary? In this article, I tried to rise to the challenge by avoiding two pitfalls: on the one hand, that of Psittacism—which consists of repeating the author's theses by forcing them into a system—and, on the other hand, that of the Reduction to a unified line of thought that would have been underplaying the heterogeneity and pluralism of the theses in question. This led me to highlight some of the issues related to the tactics that Roland Barthes developed in his work: a tactics that will have no other objective than to free oneself from the blackmail of the theory and the delirium that alienate its pretenders.
{"title":"The \"Echo Chamber\"","authors":"Réda Bensmaïa","doi":"10.3138/YCL.62.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.62.002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Is it possible to write something new about an author who has always accompanied his work with his own commentary? In this article, I tried to rise to the challenge by avoiding two pitfalls: on the one hand, that of Psittacism—which consists of repeating the author's theses by forcing them into a system—and, on the other hand, that of the Reduction to a unified line of thought that would have been underplaying the heterogeneity and pluralism of the theses in question. This led me to highlight some of the issues related to the tactics that Roland Barthes developed in his work: a tactics that will have no other objective than to free oneself from the blackmail of the theory and the delirium that alienate its pretenders.","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122213594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article examines Roland Barthes's representation of the African body and the theoretical use of blackness in one of his most famous texts, Mythologies (1957). More specifically, it examines the implications of the paradigmatic status conferred to the so-called "black soldier" based on the analysis of a popular French magazine photography. It argues not only that Barthes's original representation is fraught with misreadings of the image, but also that the mythological celebrity of the black soldier has been deployed through the uncritical repetition of this initial take. Finally, the article points to existing or potential reexaminations of this celebrity in film and photography.
{"title":"Barthes's Black Soldier: The Making of a Mythological Celebrity","authors":"L. Moudileno","doi":"10.3138/YCL.62.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.62.017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines Roland Barthes's representation of the African body and the theoretical use of blackness in one of his most famous texts, Mythologies (1957). More specifically, it examines the implications of the paradigmatic status conferred to the so-called \"black soldier\" based on the analysis of a popular French magazine photography. It argues not only that Barthes's original representation is fraught with misreadings of the image, but also that the mythological celebrity of the black soldier has been deployed through the uncritical repetition of this initial take. Finally, the article points to existing or potential reexaminations of this celebrity in film and photography.","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133932792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Derrida's "chance" or "coincidence" implies a fall out of time, or a contingency of times, intersecting and missing each other. This essay demonstrates, through a teasing-open of Derrida's own language, the rich contradictions of the contretemps, with its resonances in language, history, and imaginative worlds.
{"title":"N'essance","authors":"Werner Hamacher, Heidi Hart","doi":"10.3917/rdes.082.0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/rdes.082.0068","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Derrida's \"chance\" or \"coincidence\" implies a fall out of time, or a contingency of times, intersecting and missing each other. This essay demonstrates, through a teasing-open of Derrida's own language, the rich contradictions of the contretemps, with its resonances in language, history, and imaginative worlds.","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122374697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Death of One's Own: Literature, Law, and the Right to Die by Jared Stark","authors":"J. L. Culbert","doi":"10.3138/YCL.62.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.62.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115575121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction: Thinking with Roland Barthes's Mythologies: Fifty Years after 1968 and Four Hundred Years before","authors":"Jacob Emery","doi":"10.3138/YCL.62.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.62.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123743500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:In his essay "The Writer on Holiday" ("L'Écrivain en vacances"), published in Mythologies, Barthes seems to denounce the bourgeois sacralization of the "Writer" who, even on vacation, is incapable of not working. But, in reality here, Barthes isn't referring to writers in general. He is talking about himself—and his own difficult (almost melancholic) relationship with laziness, which he has discussed in other autobiographical texts and interviews.
摘要:在发表于《神话学》的文章《假日作家》(L'Écrivain en vacances)中，巴特似乎在谴责“作家”的资产阶级神圣化，因为即使在假日，“作家”也无法不工作。但实际上，巴特指的并不是一般的作家。他是在谈论他自己——以及他自己与懒惰的艰难(几乎是忧郁的)关系，他在其他自传文本和采访中也讨论过这一点。
{"title":"Barthes on the Beach","authors":"André Benhaïm","doi":"10.3138/YCL.62.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.62.001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In his essay \"The Writer on Holiday\" (\"L'Écrivain en vacances\"), published in Mythologies, Barthes seems to denounce the bourgeois sacralization of the \"Writer\" who, even on vacation, is incapable of not working. But, in reality here, Barthes isn't referring to writers in general. He is talking about himself—and his own difficult (almost melancholic) relationship with laziness, which he has discussed in other autobiographical texts and interviews.","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"25 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120942182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The French politician Pierre Poujade (1920–2003), who launched a pro-small-business party in the 1950s and was an early mentor to Jean-Marie Le Pen, was famously opposed to intellectuals, the media, and other elites whom he saw as enemies of the people. Roland Barthes's keen rhetorical analysis of Poujade's speeches showed the extent of the politician's anti-intellectualism and offers a helpful guide in deciphering contemporary reactionary rhetoric, which relies on many of the same tropes. Inspired by Barthes's analysis, this article shows the ways in which Poujade engaged in information warfare in order to advance his agenda.
摘要:法国政治家皮埃尔·普杰德(Pierre Poujade, 1920-2003)在20世纪50年代发起了一个支持小企业的政党，并且是让-玛丽·勒庞(Jean-Marie Le Pen)的早期导师，他以反对知识分子、媒体和其他精英而闻名，他认为这些人是人民的敌人。罗兰·巴特对普杰德演讲的敏锐修辞分析显示了这位政治家反智主义的程度，并为解读当代反动修辞提供了有益的指导，这些修辞依赖于许多相同的比喻。受巴特分析的启发，本文展示了普杰德为了推进自己的议程而进行信息战的方式。
{"title":"Poujade's Infowars: On Barthes's Anti-Anti-Intellectualism","authors":"Christy Wampole","doi":"10.3138/YCL.62.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.62.015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The French politician Pierre Poujade (1920–2003), who launched a pro-small-business party in the 1950s and was an early mentor to Jean-Marie Le Pen, was famously opposed to intellectuals, the media, and other elites whom he saw as enemies of the people. Roland Barthes's keen rhetorical analysis of Poujade's speeches showed the extent of the politician's anti-intellectualism and offers a helpful guide in deciphering contemporary reactionary rhetoric, which relies on many of the same tropes. Inspired by Barthes's analysis, this article shows the ways in which Poujade engaged in information warfare in order to advance his agenda.","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125443022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Like his influential predecessor Jean-Baptiste Dubos, Hume argues that aesthetic taste, unchanging over time, is rooted in sentiment rather than reason. This sensationalist doctrine, centering on the perceptual apparatus that we all share, might, at first glance, seem to democratize taste. But Hume is at pains to identify the rare attributes of a good critic. And although Dubos scorns the taste of critics in favor of le public, it turns out that his public, like Hume's good critics, is very much an elite. The real contrast between the two thinkers lies in their respective positions in conflicts between competing elites. In the Querelle de Homère, the Moderns, under the banner of reason, decry what they see as the irrational barbarism of the Homeric epics. Dubos's public, which, correctly in his view, continues to value Homer and other ancient authors, serves as a counterweight to such critics. In Hume's case, we need to carefully examine the relationship between the learned and the conversible worlds—that is, between intellectual and social elites. While Hume attempts to reconcile these two elites, he ultimately comes down on the side of the learned critics. In doing so, he subtly moves from a sensationalist to a rationalist theory of taste and derogates the conversible realm, a realm in which women rule as sovereigns but in which men of the world are also deficient in matters of taste.
{"title":"Delicacy and Passion: Hume's Theory of Taste and the Ideologies of the Senses","authors":"O. Kenshur","doi":"10.3138/YCL.62.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.62.009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Like his influential predecessor Jean-Baptiste Dubos, Hume argues that aesthetic taste, unchanging over time, is rooted in sentiment rather than reason. This sensationalist doctrine, centering on the perceptual apparatus that we all share, might, at first glance, seem to democratize taste. But Hume is at pains to identify the rare attributes of a good critic. And although Dubos scorns the taste of critics in favor of le public, it turns out that his public, like Hume's good critics, is very much an elite. The real contrast between the two thinkers lies in their respective positions in conflicts between competing elites. In the Querelle de Homère, the Moderns, under the banner of reason, decry what they see as the irrational barbarism of the Homeric epics. Dubos's public, which, correctly in his view, continues to value Homer and other ancient authors, serves as a counterweight to such critics. In Hume's case, we need to carefully examine the relationship between the learned and the conversible worlds—that is, between intellectual and social elites. While Hume attempts to reconcile these two elites, he ultimately comes down on the side of the learned critics. In doing so, he subtly moves from a sensationalist to a rationalist theory of taste and derogates the conversible realm, a realm in which women rule as sovereigns but in which men of the world are also deficient in matters of taste.","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130316462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The Algerian War (1954–1962) has elicited much scholarly attention in recent years. From the unearthing of the silenced 17 October 1961 events in Paris to the study the Algerian War's transformation of France, scholars have investigated different aspects of the war. However, scholarship has mainly placed agency with France. This was a result of the focus on French and francophone production at the expense of cultural production in local, non-colonial languages, which articulated local versions of the memories of the Algerian War. I argue that the ongoing debates about the complementarity of languages in the Maghreb provide a fitting framework to theorize how what I call intra-French, Franco-Algerian, and intra-Algerian mnemonic spheres of war complement each other. In emphasizing the centrality of language in my conceptualization of mnemonic spheres and their complementarity, I bring attention to the ethical necessity of juxtaposing cultural production in Amazigh, Arabic, Darija (colloquial Arabic of the Maghreb), and French for the study of memories of this transformative war. Not only does this approach reveal the complexity of war and its memories, but it also demonstrates that Algerians have portrayed their memories of war through their local languages, thus turning them into sites of their mnemonic agency.
{"title":"Languages of Memory: Toward Complementarity of the Mnemonic Spheres of the Algerian War","authors":"Brahim El Guabli","doi":"10.3138/YCL.62.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/YCL.62.003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Algerian War (1954–1962) has elicited much scholarly attention in recent years. From the unearthing of the silenced 17 October 1961 events in Paris to the study the Algerian War's transformation of France, scholars have investigated different aspects of the war. However, scholarship has mainly placed agency with France. This was a result of the focus on French and francophone production at the expense of cultural production in local, non-colonial languages, which articulated local versions of the memories of the Algerian War. I argue that the ongoing debates about the complementarity of languages in the Maghreb provide a fitting framework to theorize how what I call intra-French, Franco-Algerian, and intra-Algerian mnemonic spheres of war complement each other. In emphasizing the centrality of language in my conceptualization of mnemonic spheres and their complementarity, I bring attention to the ethical necessity of juxtaposing cultural production in Amazigh, Arabic, Darija (colloquial Arabic of the Maghreb), and French for the study of memories of this transformative war. Not only does this approach reveal the complexity of war and its memories, but it also demonstrates that Algerians have portrayed their memories of war through their local languages, thus turning them into sites of their mnemonic agency.","PeriodicalId":342699,"journal":{"name":"The Yearbook of Comparative Literature","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127581428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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