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Sexual and Gender Minority Stress among LGBTQ+ Populations during the COVID-19 Pandemic COVID-19大流行期间LGBTQ+人群的性和性别少数群体压力
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22381/jrgs11120219
Kenneth F. Campbell
The purpose of this study was to empirically examine sexual and gender minority stress among LGBTQ+ populations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Building my argument by drawing on data collected from ACHA, ARI, CDC, Chapman University, Commonwealth Fund, GMU/CCCC, GWI, HHD, HMN, ICFJ, LGBT Foundation, PHW, Rek et al. (2020), Statista, TCDJ/Columbia University, The University of Southern California, and YPCCC, I performed analyses and made estimates regarding sexual and gender minority-based stressors among LGBTQ+ persons during the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics of compiled data from the completed surveys were calculated when appropriate.
本研究的目的是实证研究COVID-19大流行期间LGBTQ+人群的性和性别少数群体压力。根据ACHA、ARI、CDC、查普曼大学、联邦基金、GMU/CCCC、GWI、HHD、HMN、ICFJ、LGBT基金会、PHW、Rek等人(2020)、Statista、TCDJ/哥伦比亚大学、南加州大学和YPCCC收集的数据,我对COVID-19大流行期间LGBTQ+人群中基于性和性别少数群体的压力源进行了分析和估计。在适当情况下,对已完成调查的汇编数据进行了描述性统计。
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引用次数: 1
The Impact of COVID-19-related Stress, Anxiety, and Depression on Sexual Health 与covid -19相关的压力、焦虑和抑郁对性健康的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22381/jrgs11220215
Robin D. Barnes
The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize and analyze existing evidence on the impact of COVID-19-related stress, anxiety, and depression on sexual health. With increasing evidence of psychological distress as a result of COVID-19-related confinement, physical distancing, and social isolation, there is an essential demand for comprehending whether diminished incidence of social and sexual connections has resulted in unsatisfactory mental health outcomes. In this research, prior findings were cumulated indicating that COVID-19 lockdown measures have negatively affected sexual health and behaviors. I carried out a quantitative literature review of ProQuest, Scopus, and the Web of Science throughout June 2021, with search terms including "sexual activity + COVID-19," "sexual health + COVID-19," "sexual behavior + COVID-19," "sexual life + COVID-19," and "sexual desire + COVID-19." As I analyzed research published between 2020 and 2021, only 379 papers met the eligibility criteria. By removing controversial or unclear findings (scanty/unimportant data), results unsupported by replication, undetailed content, or papers having quite similar titles, I decided on 22, chiefly empirical, sources. Subsequent analyses should develop on intimate relationships, family functions, and sexual behavior of partners during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future research should thus investigate how COVID-19-related confinement, physical distancing, and social isolation have impacted sexual health. Attention should be directed to sexual health and behaviors associated with COVID-19 lockdown measures.
本系统综述的目的是综合和分析与covid -19相关的压力、焦虑和抑郁对性健康的影响的现有证据。随着越来越多的证据表明,与covid -19相关的禁闭、保持身体距离和社会隔离造成了心理困扰,人们迫切需要了解,社会和性联系发生率的减少是否导致了令人不满意的心理健康结果。在这项研究中,累积了先前的研究结果,表明COVID-19封锁措施对性健康和行为产生了负面影响。我在2021年6月对ProQuest、Scopus和Web of Science进行了定量文献综述,搜索词包括“性活动+ COVID-19”、“性健康+ COVID-19”、“性行为+ COVID-19”、“性生活+ COVID-19”和“性欲+ COVID-19”。我分析了2020年至2021年间发表的研究,只有379篇论文符合资格标准。通过删除有争议的或不明确的发现(少量/不重要的数据),不受复制支持的结果,不详细的内容或标题非常相似的论文,我决定了22个主要是经验主义的来源。后续分析应针对2019冠状病毒病大流行期间伴侣的亲密关系、家庭功能和性行为展开。因此,未来的研究应该调查与covid -19相关的禁闭、保持身体距离和社会隔离如何影响性健康。应关注与COVID-19封锁措施相关的性健康和行为。
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引用次数: 1
Digital Feminism: Questioning the Renewal of Activism 数字女权主义:质疑激进主义的复兴
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22381/jrgs8120187
Josiane Jouët
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引用次数: 23
COVID-19-related Depression, Anxiety, and Psychological Stress in Sexual and Gender Minority Populations 性和性别少数群体与covid -19相关的抑郁、焦虑和心理压力
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22381/jrgs11120211
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引用次数: 4
Family and Maternity Perceived and Pictured by a Migrant Artist: Paintings of Constantine Andreou 一个移民艺术家对家庭和母性的感知和描绘:康斯坦丁·安德烈的绘画
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22381/jrgs6120163
Sapfo A. Mortaki
Introduction: Representations of Maternity in ArtThe r epr esentation of mat er nity in visual arts has an intertempora l and ecumenical character, and since prehistoric times to this day there has been an immense variety a nd innumerable versions ther eof (Betterton, 2006). Maternity's ecumenical dimension (Simonton, 2011) is marked by the fact that it is related to unchanging, or very slowly changing, elements, which allow us to consider them as stable, due to the relatively stable subjective human situation in terms of anatomy and biology, whereas it is always experienced in specific changing and varying conditions, clad with the corresponding ideology. Due to the position she de facto holds, for better or for worse, in the family with regard to giving birth to and raising the children, the mother is a carrier of ideology, given that she reproduces within the family nucleus the values of the social system (Castilla del Pino, 1973).Furthermore, representation of the mother in art is related to its psychological meaning as well as to the artist's social determinations (Jennings & Minde, 1996), which affect not only the material and the style, but also the ideological patterns used by him/her. Various psychoanalytic approaches of artwork attempting to int erpret the artist's unconscious - in particular in works of Futurist, avant-garde and also conceptual as well as feminist artists (Heath, 2013; Meskimmon, 2007) - have asserted the relevance of aesthetic experience and creation with the relationship to the mother, which has been established not only as the archetype of relationships with people, but also as the archetype of the first aesthetic experience (Chernick & Klein, 2011). It has been argued that the idiom, the particular manner in which a mother takes car e of the baby a nd t he experience of such handling by the child, constitutes the first human aesthetic which, when further extended, looks like the early sense of unity with the mother (Spitz, 1985). Besides, all the more recent correlations between psychoanalytical data and art are based on the explicit or implicit assumption of the ability of adults to retrogress - while remaining adults - to the mental situation of the first experiences, which are reactivated and re-experienced as such throughout the course of an individual's life, so as to operate in a layered model of mental significance (Kristeva, 1995), directly linked to the so-called visual mechanism through which, even when the r epr esentat ion of the ima ge cha nges, the representation of the feeling cladding it r emains unaltered. Thus, the deferred experience helps understand the artwork.Julia Kristeva, pioneer semiologist and psychoanalyst, reduces the entire artistic creation to the relationship with the mother, which she qualifies as the semiotic chora, coming into action in every artwork, even where the latter does not depict maternity. Irrespective of the form of the final product, the mother's body is what is preser
在视觉艺术中,母性的表现具有跨时代和普世的特征,从史前时代到今天,已经有了巨大的多样性和无数的版本(Betterton, 2006)。母性的普世维度(Simonton, 2011)的特点是,它与不变的或非常缓慢变化的元素有关,这使我们能够认为它们是稳定的,因为在解剖学和生物学方面,人类的主观情况相对稳定,而它总是在特定的变化和变化的条件下经历,并伴随着相应的意识形态。由于母亲事实上在家庭中生育和抚养孩子方面的地位,无论好坏,母亲是意识形态的载体,因为她在家庭核心中再现了社会制度的价值观(Castilla del Pino, 1973)。此外,艺术中对母亲的表现与其心理意义以及艺术家的社会决定有关(Jennings & Minde, 1996),这不仅影响到材料和风格,还影响到他/她使用的思想模式。艺术作品的各种精神分析方法试图解释艺术家的无意识——特别是在未来主义、前卫主义和概念主义以及女权主义艺术家的作品中(Heath, 2013;Meskimmon, 2007) -断言审美经验和创作与与母亲的关系的相关性,这不仅是与人关系的原型,也是第一次审美经验的原型(Chernick & Klein, 2011)。有人认为,习语,即母亲照顾婴儿的特殊方式,以及孩子对这种处理的体验,构成了人类的第一个审美,当进一步扩展时,它看起来就像早期与母亲的统一感(Spitz, 1985)。此外,最近精神分析数据和艺术之间的所有关联都是基于这样一种明确或隐含的假设,即成年人在保持成年状态的情况下,有能力倒退到第一次体验的心理状态,在个人的整个生命过程中,这些体验被重新激活和重新体验,从而在心理意义的分层模型中运作(Kristeva, 1995),直接与所谓的视觉机制相关联,通过这种机制,即使图像的表现方式发生了变化,包裹着它的感觉的表现方式也保持不变。因此,延迟体验有助于理解艺术作品。先锋符号学家和精神分析学家Julia Kristeva将整个艺术创作简化为与母亲的关系,她称之为符号学合唱团,在每一件艺术作品中都发挥作用,即使后者没有描绘母性。无论最终产品的形式如何,母亲的身体是被保存和修复的(Fuller, 1988)。然而,为了解释艺术作品而诉诸心理学的研究人员也欣然承认,无论这种解释多么详细,如果不考虑其他文化因素(Spitz, 1985),它仍然是不完整的。根据young的追随者,这些文化因素包括群体、群体、人群、历史背景、实际社会环境等(Newma n, 1974a)。在对母性进行分析之后,Chodorow(1978)指出,在母子关系中确定的特征潜在地存在于照顾孩子的母亲的人格中,并且由于母亲对孩子的照顾,这些特征在孩子身上是预期的,但它们的表现取决于每个社会中特定的家庭组织和母性制度。艺术中对母亲的描绘通常围绕着两个主轴,尽管这并不意味着它们之间存在明确的界限。…
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引用次数: 0
Algorithmically Monitoring Menstruation, Ovulation, and Pregnancy by Use of Period and Fertility Tracking Apps 通过使用周期和生育跟踪应用程序算法监测月经,排卵和怀孕
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22381/jrgs11220218
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引用次数: 4
Media Effects on Gender Child Preference in India 媒体对印度儿童性别偏好的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22381/jrgs8120186
Karishma Chatterjee, V. Pillai
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引用次数: 4
GENDER INEQUALITY IN POLITICAL DEMOCRACY: ELECTORAL ACCOUNTABILITY, WOMEN’S REPRESENTATION IN GOVERNMENT, AND PERCEIVED CORRUPTION 政治民主中的性别不平等:选举问责制、妇女在政府中的代表权和可见的腐败
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22381/jrgs81201819
Luminița Ionescu
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引用次数: 6
The Scorpion Who Stings the Dog Who Bites: The Effect of Women's Different Job Positions on Gender Discrimination in Microfinance 蝎子蜇咬人的狗:女性不同职位对小额信贷性别歧视的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22381/jrgs7120175
Stefano Mengoli, V. Odorici, S. Gudjonsson
"I prefer male enemies to female ones; I can survive a dog's bite better than a scorpion's sting."(Matshona Dhliwayo)IntroductionEquitable access for women to employment, entrepreneurship and credit cannot be considered simply a "women's issue" (Joshi et al., 2015). In light of the causes of the recent financial crisis, the question can be raised of whether a more balanced representation of women, in industrial and financial firms, would have avoided corporate scandals and poor performance (Adams and Funk, 2012). Recent institutional policy interventions, such as gender quotas in corporate leading positions, show clear proof that gender equality and discrimination are now strategic issues.These reasons contributed to the success of microfinance institutions (MFIs) that are considered women paladins in the financial industry giving them access to credit. MFIs are a valid alternative to a conventional bank when providing financing to disadvantaged and poor people (Yunus et al., 2010; Quayes, 2012). Through smaller loans (outreach depth) granted to as many clients as possible (outreach breadth), MFIs promise to fight poverty, contribute to pro-poor growth (Mayoux, 2010) and to the empowerment of women who are the natural borrowers of these organizations (Strom et al., 2014). This evidence is driven by at least four reasons. First, in poor countries, women are poorer than men (Agier and Szafarz, 2013) and consequently they are natural candidates for MFIs to the point that their percentage on total borrowers has been used as a proxy of outreach depth (Mori et al., 2015). Second, women are usually considered credit constrained (Fletschner, 2008; 2009), investing in small-scale projects that are unattractive to conventional banks (Armendariz and Morduch, 2010). Third, capital access to women ensures more social (Aggarwal et al., 2015) and economic (Fletschner, 2008) benefits to their households than would occur if borrowers were men. Finally, women are better re-payers, enhancing the persistence of the usually fragile business model of the MFIs (Boehe and Cruz, 2013; D'Espallier et al., 2011).While women are the main target of MFIs and their empowerment has become crucial in microfinance, a still unanswered question is whether they face gender discrimination in credit conditions. In fact, in an attempt to grant smaller loans to as many clients as possible, credit rationing could potentially damage women, moving MFIs away from their mission of improving the condition of women and promoting their rights. Although gender discrimination cannot be treated as a marginal issue in microfinance (Mayoux, 2010), there are few studies on the topic and evidence ispuzzling, to say the least. For example, Storey (2002) does not find any denial rate divergence between men and women, as well as Corsi and De Angelis (2017) who find no evidence of gender discrimination against women borrowers in loan size. Agier and Szafarz (2013) document that women are discriminated in
“比起女性敌人,我更喜欢男性敌人;我被狗咬比被蝎子螫更能活下来。(Matshona Dhliwayo)引言女性公平获得就业、创业和信贷不能被简单地视为“女性问题”(Joshi et al., 2015)。鉴于最近金融危机的原因,可以提出的问题是,在工业和金融公司中,是否有更平衡的女性代表,可以避免公司丑闻和业绩不佳(亚当斯和芬克,2012)。最近的制度性政策干预,如企业领导职位的性别配额,清楚地证明,性别平等和歧视现在已成为战略问题。这些原因促成了小额信贷机构(mfi)的成功,这些机构被认为是金融业的女性骑士,使她们能够获得信贷。小额信贷机构在向弱势群体和穷人提供融资时是传统银行的有效替代方案(Yunus等人,2010;Quayes发言,2012)。通过向尽可能多的客户提供小额贷款(延伸深度)(延伸广度),小额信贷机构承诺消除贫困,促进扶贫增长(Mayoux, 2010),并赋予作为这些组织自然借款人的妇女权力(Strom et al., 2014)。这一证据至少有四个原因。首先,在贫穷国家,女性比男性更穷(Agier和Szafarz, 2013年),因此她们是小额信贷机构的自然候选人,以至于她们在总借款人中的比例被用作扩展深度的代表(Mori等人,2015年)。其次,女性通常被认为信贷受限(Fletschner, 2008;2009年),投资对传统银行没有吸引力的小规模项目(Armendariz和Morduch, 2010年)。第三,与男性借款人相比,女性获得资本可以确保其家庭获得更多的社会(Aggarwal et al., 2015)和经济(Fletschner, 2008)利益。最后,女性是更好的再还款人,增强了小额信贷机构通常脆弱的商业模式的持久性(Boehe和Cruz, 2013;D’espallier et al., 2011)。虽然妇女是小额信贷机构的主要目标,赋予她们权力在小额信贷中已变得至关重要,但一个尚未解决的问题是,她们在信贷条件中是否面临性别歧视。事实上,为了向尽可能多的客户提供小额贷款,信贷配给可能会损害妇女,使小额信贷机构偏离其改善妇女状况和促进妇女权利的使命。虽然性别歧视不能被视为小额信贷中的一个边缘问题(Mayoux, 2010),但关于这一主题的研究很少,至少可以说证据令人困惑。例如,Storey(2002)没有发现男性和女性之间存在任何拒绝率差异,Corsi和De Angelis(2017)也没有发现女性借款人在贷款规模上存在性别歧视的证据。Agier和Szafarz(2013)指出,女性在贷款规模上受到歧视,而Sagamba等人(2013)则观察到对女性申请人的轻微偏好。我们的论文提供了一个具有容纳文献中发现的分歧的潜力的观点。我们调查了女性借款人遭受的歧视,看看女性贷款人在缓解这一现象方面所发挥的作用。主要思想是直截了当和相当直观的。我们预计,小额信贷机构中妇女就业的比例缩小了向妇女提供小额贷款的影响,因为在共享“相同特征”方面存在某种团结。没有考虑到这方面可能是迄今为止记录的各种结果的原因。为了调查这个问题,我们根据女性在组织中的角色对小额信贷机构进行了歧视:高层角色(首席执行官或董事会成员)和运营角色(经理、官员和员工)。正如我们将展示的,一个不考虑这种区别的研究将失去任何强有力的解释力。...
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引用次数: 4
Gender-based Differences of Contagious Negative Emotions, Notable Psychological Distress, and Mental Health Burden during the COVID-19 Outbreak 新冠肺炎疫情期间传染性负性情绪、显著心理困扰和心理健康负担的性别差异
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22381/jrgs10220208
Gregory B. Sampson
The purpose of this study was to empirically examine gender-based differences of contagious negative emotions, notable psychological distress, and mental health burden during the COVID-19 outbreak Building my argument by drawing on data collected from APA, Chapman University, Ginger, GMU/CCCC, HHD, ONS, Pew Research Center, Rek et al (2020), Statista, the University of Melbourne, and YPCCC, I performed analyses and made estimates regarding prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic The structural equation modeling technique was used to test the research model
本研究的目的是实证研究COVID-19爆发期间传染性负面情绪、显著心理困扰和心理健康负担的性别差异。根据APA、查普曼大学、Ginger、GMU/CCCC、HHD、ONS、皮尤研究中心、Rek等人(2020)、Statista、墨尔本大学和YPCCC收集的数据,我进行了分析,并对压力、焦虑、采用结构方程建模技术对研究模型进行检验
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引用次数: 6
期刊
Journal of Research in Gender Studies
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