Journal of Agriculture and Food Research最新文献

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Drought and low nitrogen impact on finger millet yield and grain nutrition 干旱和低氮对小谷子产量和籽粒营养的影响

IF 6.2 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102634

Chami Rampati Dewage , Mohan K. Bista , Nuwan K. Wijewardane , Raju Bheemanahalli

Dry and nutrient-poor soils pose a significant threat to food and nutritional security. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana [L.] Gaertn.), a climate-resilient nutraceutical crop, shows promise in such soils. However, reproductive-stage performance of this crop under low-nitrogen and drought conditions has been overlooked relative to that of major cereals. This study evaluated the growth, yield, and grain nutrient-related trait responses of finger millet under control (CNT), low nitrogen (LN), drought stress (DS), and combined LN + DS conditions. Although all stresses imposed at flowering delayed days to maturity, DS had a greater negative impact on yield components, whereas LN significantly affected grain nutrient content. The yield loss was highest under combined stress (54 %), followed by DS (30 %) and LN (15 %). Although the harvest index remained stable under individual stress, it declined by 25 % under combined stress. The phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, and iron content of grain remained unchanged under all stresses. However, nitrogen under DS and copper, zinc, and boron under LN increased significantly. Therefore, the observed increases likely reflect a combination of concentration effects and sustained or improved nutrient uptake and remobilization, rather than seed size reduction alone. Yield components responded in the order LN + DS > DS > LN, while grain nutrient responses were highest under LN and LN + DS and lowest under DS. This study highlights resilience and biofortification potential of finger millet under marginal soils. Future studies should prioritize elucidating the molecular mechanisms that regulate multi-stress tolerance during the critical growth stage.

干旱和贫瘠的土壤对粮食和营养安全构成重大威胁。谷子[L]；[Gaertn.]，一种适应气候变化的营养作物，在这样的土壤中显示出希望。然而，与主要谷物相比，这种作物在低氮和干旱条件下的生育期表现被忽视了。本研究评价了在对照（CNT）、低氮（LN）、干旱（DS）和低氮+干旱联合胁迫条件下手指粟生长、产量和籽粒营养相关性状的响应。花期胁迫对籽粒营养成分的影响较大，而低温胁迫对籽粒营养成分的影响较大。复合胁迫下产量损失最大（54%），其次是DS（30%）和LN（15%）。个别胁迫下收获指数保持稳定，但复合胁迫下下降25%。籽粒的磷、钾、钙、硫、铁含量在不同胁迫下均保持不变。而DS处理下氮含量和LN处理下铜、锌、硼含量显著增加。因此，观察到的增加可能反映了浓度效应和持续或改善的养分吸收和再动员的结合，而不仅仅是种子大小的减少。产量成分响应顺序为LN + DS >； DS >； LN， LN + DS下籽粒养分响应最高，DS下最低。本研究强调了边缘土壤下小谷的恢复力和生物强化潜力。未来的研究应优先阐明关键生长阶段调控多逆境耐受性的分子机制。

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引用次数: 0

Management practices and species interactions drive yield increases through complementarity and selection effects in L. iberica–chickpea intercropping systems 管理措施和物种相互作用通过互补和选择效应驱动伊比拉-鹰嘴豆间作系统的产量增加

IF 6.2 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2025.102627

Maryam Mirdoraghi , Saeideh Maleki Farahani , Alireza Rezazadeh

Ensuring food security amid global population growth requires sustainable agricultural practices such as intercropping, which enhances resource efficiency and yield by cultivating multiple species together. This study assessed intercropping performance using key indices, including the Biodiversity Effect (BE), under three irrigation regimes—severe deficit irrigation (I_S), complete irrigation (I₂₀), and moderate deficit irrigation (I₄₀)—as well as two sowing dates—autumn (S₁) and spring (S₂)—and two cropping systems: sole system (Ss) versus 50:50 intercropping (Ic). The results showed that the Ic (I₂₀S₁) treatment achieved maximum productivity, with a LER of 2.43, a monetary advantage index (MAI) of 6565.25, and total land output (TLO) of 3762.3 kg ha⁻¹. Complementary effects (CE)—driven by chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) deeper root system, nitrogen fixation, and spatiotemporal niche differentiation with L. iberica (Lallemantia iberica)—helped mitigate drought stress and improve resource-use efficiency. In the intercropping system, CE outweighed selection effects (SE), with intercropping benefits mainly attributed to CE, which strongly correlated with BE. Chickpea dominated the intercrop (competitive ratio: CRc > CRl), with its yield peaking under conditions of enhanced nitrogen availability through symbiotic fixation and facilitation. Meanwhile, I_SS₂ conditions reduced sole system productivity by 45 %, but intercropping remained resilient by leveraging nitrogen synergy and reducing intraspecific competition. Autumn sowing enhanced nitrogen uptake and economic returns (RVT: 5.97) by aligning with cooler temperatures and seasonal rainfall. However, the Ic (I_SS₂) treatment resulted in economic losses (−26.3 % TLO) and shifted species interactions towards competition, reducing LER by 45 %. These findings highlight intercropping as a sustainable, low-input strategy under optimal irrigation and sowing conditions, offering critical insights for climate-resilient agriculture. Long-term adaptation strategies will be essential to maintaining these synergies amid increasing environmental challenges.

在全球人口增长的情况下确保粮食安全需要可持续的农业做法，如间作，通过同时种植多种作物来提高资源效率和产量。本研究利用生物多样性效应（BE）等关键指标，评估了三种灌溉制度(重度亏缺灌溉（IS）、完全亏缺灌溉（I20）和中度亏缺灌溉（I40）下的间作性能，以及两种播种日期(秋季（S1）和春季（S2），以及两种种植制度：单一制度（Ss）和50:50间作（Ic）。结果表明，Ic （I20S1）处理的生产力最高，LER为2.43，货币优势指数（MAI）为6565.25，土地总产量（TLO）为3762.3 kg ha−1。鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum L.）深层根系、固氮作用以及与伊比利亚白豆（Lallemantia iberica）时空生态位分化的互补效应（CE）有助于缓解干旱胁迫，提高资源利用效率。在间作系统中，选择效应（CE）大于选择效应（SE），间作效益主要归因于选择效应（CE），与BE呈强相关。鹰嘴豆在间作中占主导地位（竞争比：CRc >； CRl），在通过共生固定和促进提高氮素有效性的条件下，鹰嘴豆产量达到峰值。与此同时，ISS2条件使单系统生产力降低45%，但间作通过利用氮协同效应和减少种内竞争保持弹性。秋播与较低的温度和季节性降雨相一致，提高了氮素吸收和经济效益（RVT: 5.97）。然而，Ic （ISS2）处理导致经济损失（- 26.3% TLO），并将物种相互作用转向竞争，使LER降低45%。这些发现突出表明，在最佳灌溉和播种条件下，间作是一种可持续的低投入战略，为气候适应型农业提供了重要见解。在日益严峻的环境挑战中，长期适应战略对于保持这些协同效应至关重要。

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Bilayer films comprising chitosan-gelatin blend film loaded with turmeric peel-derived carbon dot and polylactic acid film as active packaging for refrigerated Asian hard clams 由壳聚糖-明胶混合膜和姜黄皮衍生碳点和聚乳酸膜组成的双层膜作为冷冻亚洲硬蛤的活性包装

IF 6.2 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102632

Arunachalasivamani Ponnusamy , Suriya Palamae , Thummanoon Prodpran , Jun Tae Kim , Bin Zhang , Lukai Ma , Yu Fu , Soottawat Benjakul

Bilayer (BL) active packaging films were fabricated using solvent-casting method by depositing chitosan-fish gelatin (CS-FG) blend containing turmeric peel-derived carbon dots (Tu^CD) at 0.75–3 % (w/w, based on CS-FG), onto a polylactic acid (PLA) film. This study elucidated the application of novel Tu^CD in active food packaging for the first time. The incorporation of Tu^CD at 3 % (w/w) significantly improved the tensile strength, elongation at break, and water vapor permeability of the films, which rose up to 28.40 %, 116.40 %, and 16.50 %, respectively (p < 0.05). The 3 % Tu^CD film exhibited exceptional UV-blocking efficacy (97.47 % of UVB and 99 % of UVC), and also demonstrated a dose-dependent antioxidant property with a DPPH radical scavenging activity of 58.98 mmol Trolox equivalent/g film. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the molecular interactions within the film matrix, indicated by a broadened O–H/N–H stretching peak (3275 cm⁻¹) and a shifted C=O stretching peak (1640–1643 cm⁻¹). Those chain interactions contributed to the enhanced mechanical properties of the resulting film. SEM images revealed uniform Tu^CD dispersion in defect-free matrices. BL pouches were prepared with CS-FG containing Tu^CD as the food-contact layer and PLA as the outer layer. The 3 % Tu^CD incorporated pouches showed superior preservation efficacy for Asian hard clam edible portion during 15-day refrigerated storage via lowering the lipid oxidation and microbial load (<6 log CFU/g). The release kinetics followed Fickian diffusion (Korsmeyer-Peppas model), enabling sustained antimicrobial action. These findings demonstrated that Tu^CD-containing BL films could effectively extend the shelf-life of seafood through synergistic antioxidant and antimicrobial mechanisms, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional packaging.

将含有0.75 ~ 3% （w/w，基于CS-FG）的姜黄皮衍生碳点（TuCD）的壳聚糖-鱼明胶（CS-FG）共混物沉积在聚乳酸（PLA）薄膜上，采用溶剂铸造法制备了双层（BL）活性包装薄膜。本研究首次阐明了新型TuCD在活性食品包装中的应用。添加3% （w/w）的TuCD可显著提高薄膜的抗拉强度、断裂伸长率和透气性，分别达到28.40%、116.40%和16.50% （p < 0.05）。3% TuCD膜对UVB和UVC的抑制率分别为97.47%和99%，具有剂量依赖性，对DPPH自由基的清除能力为58.98 mmol Trolox当量/g膜。FTIR光谱证实了膜基体内部的分子相互作用，表现为O - h / N-H拉伸峰展宽（3275 cm−1）和C=O拉伸峰移位（1640 ~ 1643 cm−1）。这些链式相互作用有助于提高所得薄膜的机械性能。扫描电镜图像显示，在无缺陷的基体中，TuCD分散均匀。以含TuCD的CS-FG为食物接触层，PLA为外层制备BL袋。在冷藏15 d期间，添加3% TuCD的微袋通过降低脂质氧化和微生物负荷（<6 log CFU/g），对亚洲硬蛤可食用部分具有较好的保存效果。释放动力学遵循Fickian扩散（Korsmeyer-Peppas模型），具有持续的抗菌作用。这些研究结果表明，含tucd的BL薄膜可以通过协同抗氧化和抗菌机制有效延长海鲜的保质期，为传统包装提供了一种可持续的替代方案。

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