Journal of Agriculture and Food Research最新文献_第10页

Drought and low nitrogen impact on finger millet yield and grain nutrition 干旱和低氮对小谷子产量和籽粒营养的影响

IF 6.2 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102634

Chami Rampati Dewage , Mohan K. Bista , Nuwan K. Wijewardane , Raju Bheemanahalli

Dry and nutrient-poor soils pose a significant threat to food and nutritional security. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana [L.] Gaertn.), a climate-resilient nutraceutical crop, shows promise in such soils. However, reproductive-stage performance of this crop under low-nitrogen and drought conditions has been overlooked relative to that of major cereals. This study evaluated the growth, yield, and grain nutrient-related trait responses of finger millet under control (CNT), low nitrogen (LN), drought stress (DS), and combined LN + DS conditions. Although all stresses imposed at flowering delayed days to maturity, DS had a greater negative impact on yield components, whereas LN significantly affected grain nutrient content. The yield loss was highest under combined stress (54 %), followed by DS (30 %) and LN (15 %). Although the harvest index remained stable under individual stress, it declined by 25 % under combined stress. The phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, and iron content of grain remained unchanged under all stresses. However, nitrogen under DS and copper, zinc, and boron under LN increased significantly. Therefore, the observed increases likely reflect a combination of concentration effects and sustained or improved nutrient uptake and remobilization, rather than seed size reduction alone. Yield components responded in the order LN + DS > DS > LN, while grain nutrient responses were highest under LN and LN + DS and lowest under DS. This study highlights resilience and biofortification potential of finger millet under marginal soils. Future studies should prioritize elucidating the molecular mechanisms that regulate multi-stress tolerance during the critical growth stage.

干旱和贫瘠的土壤对粮食和营养安全构成重大威胁。谷子[L]；[Gaertn.]，一种适应气候变化的营养作物，在这样的土壤中显示出希望。然而，与主要谷物相比，这种作物在低氮和干旱条件下的生育期表现被忽视了。本研究评价了在对照（CNT）、低氮（LN）、干旱（DS）和低氮+干旱联合胁迫条件下手指粟生长、产量和籽粒营养相关性状的响应。花期胁迫对籽粒营养成分的影响较大，而低温胁迫对籽粒营养成分的影响较大。复合胁迫下产量损失最大（54%），其次是DS（30%）和LN（15%）。个别胁迫下收获指数保持稳定，但复合胁迫下下降25%。籽粒的磷、钾、钙、硫、铁含量在不同胁迫下均保持不变。而DS处理下氮含量和LN处理下铜、锌、硼含量显著增加。因此，观察到的增加可能反映了浓度效应和持续或改善的养分吸收和再动员的结合，而不仅仅是种子大小的减少。产量成分响应顺序为LN + DS >； DS >； LN， LN + DS下籽粒养分响应最高，DS下最低。本研究强调了边缘土壤下小谷的恢复力和生物强化潜力。未来的研究应优先阐明关键生长阶段调控多逆境耐受性的分子机制。

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引用次数: 0

Management practices and species interactions drive yield increases through complementarity and selection effects in L. iberica–chickpea intercropping systems 管理措施和物种相互作用通过互补和选择效应驱动伊比拉-鹰嘴豆间作系统的产量增加

IF 6.2 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2025.102627

Maryam Mirdoraghi , Saeideh Maleki Farahani , Alireza Rezazadeh

Ensuring food security amid global population growth requires sustainable agricultural practices such as intercropping, which enhances resource efficiency and yield by cultivating multiple species together. This study assessed intercropping performance using key indices, including the Biodiversity Effect (BE), under three irrigation regimes—severe deficit irrigation (I_S), complete irrigation (I₂₀), and moderate deficit irrigation (I₄₀)—as well as two sowing dates—autumn (S₁) and spring (S₂)—and two cropping systems: sole system (Ss) versus 50:50 intercropping (Ic). The results showed that the Ic (I₂₀S₁) treatment achieved maximum productivity, with a LER of 2.43, a monetary advantage index (MAI) of 6565.25, and total land output (TLO) of 3762.3 kg ha⁻¹. Complementary effects (CE)—driven by chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) deeper root system, nitrogen fixation, and spatiotemporal niche differentiation with L. iberica (Lallemantia iberica)—helped mitigate drought stress and improve resource-use efficiency. In the intercropping system, CE outweighed selection effects (SE), with intercropping benefits mainly attributed to CE, which strongly correlated with BE. Chickpea dominated the intercrop (competitive ratio: CRc > CRl), with its yield peaking under conditions of enhanced nitrogen availability through symbiotic fixation and facilitation. Meanwhile, I_SS₂ conditions reduced sole system productivity by 45 %, but intercropping remained resilient by leveraging nitrogen synergy and reducing intraspecific competition. Autumn sowing enhanced nitrogen uptake and economic returns (RVT: 5.97) by aligning with cooler temperatures and seasonal rainfall. However, the Ic (I_SS₂) treatment resulted in economic losses (−26.3 % TLO) and shifted species interactions towards competition, reducing LER by 45 %. These findings highlight intercropping as a sustainable, low-input strategy under optimal irrigation and sowing conditions, offering critical insights for climate-resilient agriculture. Long-term adaptation strategies will be essential to maintaining these synergies amid increasing environmental challenges.

在全球人口增长的情况下确保粮食安全需要可持续的农业做法，如间作，通过同时种植多种作物来提高资源效率和产量。本研究利用生物多样性效应（BE）等关键指标，评估了三种灌溉制度(重度亏缺灌溉（IS）、完全亏缺灌溉（I20）和中度亏缺灌溉（I40）下的间作性能，以及两种播种日期(秋季（S1）和春季（S2），以及两种种植制度：单一制度（Ss）和50:50间作（Ic）。结果表明，Ic （I20S1）处理的生产力最高，LER为2.43，货币优势指数（MAI）为6565.25，土地总产量（TLO）为3762.3 kg ha−1。鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum L.）深层根系、固氮作用以及与伊比利亚白豆（Lallemantia iberica）时空生态位分化的互补效应（CE）有助于缓解干旱胁迫，提高资源利用效率。在间作系统中，选择效应（CE）大于选择效应（SE），间作效益主要归因于选择效应（CE），与BE呈强相关。鹰嘴豆在间作中占主导地位（竞争比：CRc >； CRl），在通过共生固定和促进提高氮素有效性的条件下，鹰嘴豆产量达到峰值。与此同时，ISS2条件使单系统生产力降低45%，但间作通过利用氮协同效应和减少种内竞争保持弹性。秋播与较低的温度和季节性降雨相一致，提高了氮素吸收和经济效益（RVT: 5.97）。然而，Ic （ISS2）处理导致经济损失（- 26.3% TLO），并将物种相互作用转向竞争，使LER降低45%。这些发现突出表明，在最佳灌溉和播种条件下，间作是一种可持续的低投入战略，为气候适应型农业提供了重要见解。在日益严峻的环境挑战中，长期适应战略对于保持这些协同效应至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Bilayer films comprising chitosan-gelatin blend film loaded with turmeric peel-derived carbon dot and polylactic acid film as active packaging for refrigerated Asian hard clams 由壳聚糖-明胶混合膜和姜黄皮衍生碳点和聚乳酸膜组成的双层膜作为冷冻亚洲硬蛤的活性包装

IF 6.2 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102632

Arunachalasivamani Ponnusamy , Suriya Palamae , Thummanoon Prodpran , Jun Tae Kim , Bin Zhang , Lukai Ma , Yu Fu , Soottawat Benjakul

Bilayer (BL) active packaging films were fabricated using solvent-casting method by depositing chitosan-fish gelatin (CS-FG) blend containing turmeric peel-derived carbon dots (Tu^CD) at 0.75–3 % (w/w, based on CS-FG), onto a polylactic acid (PLA) film. This study elucidated the application of novel Tu^CD in active food packaging for the first time. The incorporation of Tu^CD at 3 % (w/w) significantly improved the tensile strength, elongation at break, and water vapor permeability of the films, which rose up to 28.40 %, 116.40 %, and 16.50 %, respectively (p < 0.05). The 3 % Tu^CD film exhibited exceptional UV-blocking efficacy (97.47 % of UVB and 99 % of UVC), and also demonstrated a dose-dependent antioxidant property with a DPPH radical scavenging activity of 58.98 mmol Trolox equivalent/g film. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the molecular interactions within the film matrix, indicated by a broadened O–H/N–H stretching peak (3275 cm⁻¹) and a shifted C=O stretching peak (1640–1643 cm⁻¹). Those chain interactions contributed to the enhanced mechanical properties of the resulting film. SEM images revealed uniform Tu^CD dispersion in defect-free matrices. BL pouches were prepared with CS-FG containing Tu^CD as the food-contact layer and PLA as the outer layer. The 3 % Tu^CD incorporated pouches showed superior preservation efficacy for Asian hard clam edible portion during 15-day refrigerated storage via lowering the lipid oxidation and microbial load (<6 log CFU/g). The release kinetics followed Fickian diffusion (Korsmeyer-Peppas model), enabling sustained antimicrobial action. These findings demonstrated that Tu^CD-containing BL films could effectively extend the shelf-life of seafood through synergistic antioxidant and antimicrobial mechanisms, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional packaging.

将含有0.75 ~ 3% （w/w，基于CS-FG）的姜黄皮衍生碳点（TuCD）的壳聚糖-鱼明胶（CS-FG）共混物沉积在聚乳酸（PLA）薄膜上，采用溶剂铸造法制备了双层（BL）活性包装薄膜。本研究首次阐明了新型TuCD在活性食品包装中的应用。添加3% （w/w）的TuCD可显著提高薄膜的抗拉强度、断裂伸长率和透气性，分别达到28.40%、116.40%和16.50% （p < 0.05）。3% TuCD膜对UVB和UVC的抑制率分别为97.47%和99%，具有剂量依赖性，对DPPH自由基的清除能力为58.98 mmol Trolox当量/g膜。FTIR光谱证实了膜基体内部的分子相互作用，表现为O - h / N-H拉伸峰展宽（3275 cm−1）和C=O拉伸峰移位（1640 ~ 1643 cm−1）。这些链式相互作用有助于提高所得薄膜的机械性能。扫描电镜图像显示，在无缺陷的基体中，TuCD分散均匀。以含TuCD的CS-FG为食物接触层，PLA为外层制备BL袋。在冷藏15 d期间，添加3% TuCD的微袋通过降低脂质氧化和微生物负荷（<6 log CFU/g），对亚洲硬蛤可食用部分具有较好的保存效果。释放动力学遵循Fickian扩散（Korsmeyer-Peppas模型），具有持续的抗菌作用。这些研究结果表明，含tucd的BL薄膜可以通过协同抗氧化和抗菌机制有效延长海鲜的保质期，为传统包装提供了一种可持续的替代方案。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of extraction methods on the physicochemical and structural characteristics of pomelo peel pectin 提取方法对柚皮果胶理化及结构特性的影响

IF 6.2 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102631

Danni Lin , Jiaxin Lin , Zhiqing Li , Songlin Zhao , Liping Wang , Yanhong Ran , Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy , Hanying Duan , Weibin Bai , Chao Wang

Four methods (acid extraction (HAE), acid–ultrasound extraction (US–HAE), alkaline extraction (BE), and alkaline–ultrasound extraction (US–BE)) were used to prepare pomelo peel pectins. The effects of these different extraction methods on the physicochemical and structural properties of pomelo peel pectins were investigated. As a result, HAE and US–HAE showed higher yields (9.93 % and 11.72 %) and higher molecular weights (M_ws 1756.33 and 1641.43 kDa), while BE and US–BE showed lower yields (5.28 % and 6.79 %) and smaller M_ws (912.61 and 806.67 kDa). The purity of US–HAE pectin was 7.62 % higher than that of HAE, and the purity of US–BE was 3.74 % higher than that of BE. Acid-extracted pectins (HAE and US–HAE) exhibited a high degree of esterification (DE), high M_w, predominantly homogalacturonan-rich structures, more linear conformations, and a loose lamellar morphology. By contrast, alkali-extracted pectins (BE and US–BE) displayed low DE, low M_w, and high branching, which were characterized by more complex rhamnogalacturonan I side chains and a rough, porous surface. The apparent viscosity, gel strength, and emulsifying properties of the acid-extracted pectins were significantly higher than those of alkali-extracted pectins (p < 0.05). Ultrasound-assisted extraction increased the yield and purity of pectin while reducing its DE and M_w without significantly affecting apparent viscosity or gel strength. Ultrasound treatment promoted GalA accumulation in the primary chain, enhancing linearity and increasing the degree of structural fragmentation. Overall, this study provides a theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of pomelo peel pectin and the design of function-oriented extraction processes.

采用酸提取（HAE）、酸-超声提取（US-HAE）、碱提取（BE）、碱-超声提取（US-BE）四种方法制备柚皮果胶。研究了不同提取方法对柚皮果胶理化性质和结构性质的影响。结果表明，HAE和US-HAE的产率分别为9.93%和11.72%，分子量分别为1756.33和1641.43 kDa， BE和US-BE的产率分别为5.28%和6.79%，分子量分别为912.61和806.67 kDa。US-HAE果胶的纯度比HAE高7.62%，US-BE的纯度比BE高3.74%。酸萃取果胶（HAE和US-HAE）表现出高度的酯化（DE）、高分子量、主要是富含半乳糖醛酸的均质结构、更线性的构象和松散的层状形态。相比之下，碱提果胶（BE和US-BE）表现出低DE、低Mw和高分枝，其特征是更复杂的鼠李糖半乳糖酸I侧链和粗糙的多孔表面。酸提果胶的表观粘度、凝胶强度和乳化性能均显著高于碱提果胶（p < 0.05）。超声辅助提取提高了果胶的得率和纯度，同时降低了果胶的DE和Mw，但对果胶的表观粘度和凝胶强度没有显著影响。超声治疗促进GalA在初级链的积累，增强线性，增加结构破碎程度。综上所述，本研究为柚皮果胶的高价值利用和功能化提取工艺的设计提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in understanding and controlling rice blast disease: Mechanisms and management strategies 稻瘟病的认识与防治进展：机制与管理策略

IF 6.2 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2025.102630

Fei Xu , Zheng-Quan He , Ming-Xing Cheng , Fei-Fei Li , Lu-Lu Yu

Rice blast, caused by the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice cultivation worldwide, posing a serious threat to food security and economic stability. The disease can infect rice at all developmental stages, from seedling emergence to grain filling, leading to yield losses and even total crop failure. This review summarizes recent advances in rice blast research, with a focus on disease symptoms, causal factors, and control strategies. We highlight progress in chemical and biological control, resistance breeding, and molecular approaches, with particular emphasis on genome editing, RNA interference technologies, effector biology, and omics-guided functional genomics. Emerging tools such as CRISPR/Cas-based editing, host- and spray-induced gene silencing, genomics, and AI-assisted resistance design are reshaping blast resistance discovery and deployment. By integrating genetic resistance with climate-adaptive cultivation, a prevention-oriented and sustainable management framework is proposed. This comprehensive overview provides insights into current challenges and future directions for rice blast control.

稻瘟病是由稻瘟病丝状真菌稻瘟病引起的，是影响世界水稻种植的最具破坏性的病害之一，对粮食安全和经济稳定构成严重威胁。这种疾病可以感染水稻从出苗到灌浆的所有发育阶段，导致产量损失甚至全收不全。本文综述了稻瘟病的研究进展，重点介绍了稻瘟病的症状、致病因素和防治策略。我们强调了化学和生物防治、抗性育种和分子方法的进展，特别强调基因组编辑、RNA干扰技术、效应生物学和组学指导的功能基因组学。基于CRISPR/ cas的编辑、宿主和喷雾诱导的基因沉默、基因组学和人工智能辅助的抗性设计等新兴工具正在重塑blast抗性的发现和部署。将遗传抗性与气候适应性栽培相结合，提出了以预防为导向的可持续管理框架。本文综述了稻瘟病防治面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。

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引用次数: 0

Dietary Astragalus polysaccharide mitigates lead-induced oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in Litopenaeus vannamei 饲料中黄芪多糖减轻铅诱导的凡纳滨对虾氧化应激、代谢功能障碍和肠道微生物群失调

IF 6.2 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2025.102629

Hongming Wang , Gongyu Li , Jian Chen , Yudong Zheng , Beiping Tan , Lili Shi , Shuang Zhang

Lead (Pb) is a well-known toxic heavy metal that induces oxidative stress, tissue damage, and neurotoxicity in several aquatic species including Litopenaeus vannamei. However, the effective mitigation strategies remain limited. Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) is recognized for its antioxidant and detoxifying properties. In this study, the mitigating role of dietary APS against chronic Pb-induced toxicity we investigated in the L. vannamei from the aspects of oxidative stress, metabolism dysfunction, and intestinal microbiota. Shrimp with an initial weight of 0.40 ± 0.01 g were reared for 56 days under four treatments: no Pb and no APS (CG), Pb exposure without APS (P0), Pb exposure with 0.2 g/kg APS (P0.2), and Pb exposure with 0.4 g/kg APS (P0.4). The results showed that Pb exposure caused hepatopancreatic damage and reduced survival, whereas dietary supplementation with 0.4 g/kg APS effectively alleviated hepatopancreatic injury and improved survival. Pb exposure significantly suppressed intestinal amylase and lipase activities, as well as hepatic acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase activities. Pb exposure also increased hepatic oxidative stress indicators, including catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, and elevated reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels. Notably, APS supplementation reversed these Pb-induced changes. Pb exposure significantly decreased the Shannon, Simpson, Chao, and ACE indices and reduced the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (including Psychrobacter, Bacillus, and Demequina), while increasing harmful taxa (including Vibrionaceae and Flavobacteriaceae, as well as Photobacterium and Vibrio). These alterations were also reversed by APS supplementation. Metabolomic analysis indicated that Pb exposure increased intestinal γ-aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine levels and decreased D-erythro-imidazolylglycerol phosphate and phenylpyruvate levels, whereas these metabolites were normalized by dietary APS at 0.4 g/kg. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with 0.4 g/kg APS effectively alleviated Pb-induced oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, metabolic dysfunction, and intestinal dysbiosis in L. vannamei.

铅（Pb）是一种众所周知的有毒重金属，可引起包括凡纳滨对虾在内的几种水生物种的氧化应激、组织损伤和神经毒性。然而，有效的缓解战略仍然有限。黄芪多糖（APS）是公认的抗氧化和解毒特性。在本研究中，我们从氧化应激、代谢功能障碍和肠道微生物群方面研究了膳食中APS对凡纳梅L.的慢性铅中毒的缓解作用。将初始体重为0.40 ± 0.01 g的对虾分为不含铅和不含黄芪多糖（CG）、不含黄芪多糖（P0）、含0.2 g/kg黄芪多糖（P0.2）和含0.4 g/kg黄芪多糖（P0.4） 4种处理，饲养56 d。结果表明，Pb暴露可引起肝胰腺损伤，降低成活率，而饲粮中添加0.4 g/kg APS可有效减轻肝胰腺损伤，提高成活率。铅暴露显著抑制肠道淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性，以及肝脏乙酰胆碱酯酶和谷胱甘肽s -转移酶活性。铅暴露还增加了肝脏氧化应激指标，包括过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性，以及活性氧和丙二醛水平升高。值得注意的是，APS补充剂逆转了这些铅诱导的变化。Pb暴露显著降低了Shannon、Simpson、Chao和ACE指数，降低了有益菌（包括Psychrobacter、Bacillus和Demequina）的相对丰度，增加了有害菌群（包括弧菌科和黄杆菌科，以及光杆菌和弧菌）的相对丰度。这些改变也被补充APS逆转。代谢组学分析表明，铅暴露增加了肠道γ-氨基丁酸和乙酰胆碱水平，降低了d -红咪唑酰甘油磷酸和苯基丙酮酸水平，而这些代谢物在0.4 g/kg的膳食APS水平上是正常的。综上所述，饲粮中添加0.4 g/kg APS可有效缓解铅诱导的凡纳滨扁豆氧化应激、神经毒性、代谢功能障碍和肠道生态失调。

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引用次数: 0

Deep eutectic solvents extraction of polysaccharides from Chuanminshen violaceum: process optimization, structure characterization and in vitro fecal fermentation 深共晶溶剂萃取川民参多糖：工艺优化、结构表征及体外粪便发酵

IF 6.2 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2025.102628

Jianxia Wen , Yaxin Li , Quanjiao Sun , Junming Huang , Jilan Zhou , Maoxu Wen , Yadong Mi , Min Luo , Hongtao Li , Yuanfu Liu , Delin Xu , Peibin Zeng , Liang Zhang

This study focuses on the extraction of Chuanminshen violaceum polysaccharides (CVPs) using selected deep eutectic solvents (DES). The optimal extraction process for CVPs was determined using a Box-Behnken design, with an extraction temperature of 70 °C, an extraction time of 120 min, and a liquid-solid ratio of 20:1 (mL/g), resulting in a yield of 44.17 %. Furthermore, CVPs were isolated using chromatography techniques to obtain purified CVPs-1, CVPs-2, CVPs-1-1, and CVPs-2-1. These were characterized by their monosaccharide composition, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. After in vitro fecal fermentation, the abundance of Bacteroides, Lactococcus, Bifidobacterium, and Lachnoclostridium significantly increased in the CVPs group. In contrast, the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia-Shigella, and Fusobacterium decreased dramatically, particularly in the CVPs-2-1 group. Dynamic changes during in vitro fermentation indicated that the pH value decreased, while gas production and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) significantly increased in the CVPs groups. Overall, these results suggest that the composition of the human gut microbiota can be modulated by CVPs, indicating that CVPs may have the potential to maintain gut homeostasis and enhance human intestinal health.

采用深度共晶溶剂对川民参堇菜多糖（CVPs）进行了提取。采用Box-Behnken设计确定了CVPs的最佳提取工艺，提取温度为70℃，提取时间为120 min，液料比为20:1 (mL/g)，得率为44.17%。此外，利用层析技术分离cvp，得到纯化的cvp -1、cvp -2、cvp -1-1和cvp -2-1。通过单糖组成、红外光谱、核磁共振（NMR）、热重分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱和扫描电镜对其进行了表征。体外粪便发酵后，CVPs组的拟杆菌、乳球菌、双歧杆菌和Lachnoclostridium丰度显著升高。相比之下，肠杆菌科、志贺氏杆菌和梭杆菌的丰度急剧下降，特别是在CVPs-2-1组。体外发酵过程的动态变化表明，cvp组的pH值降低，产气量和短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）显著增加。总的来说，这些结果表明，人体肠道微生物群的组成可以被cvp调节，这表明cvp可能具有维持肠道稳态和增强人体肠道健康的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Occurrence, challenges, and control strategies for biofilms in irrigation networks of modern agriculture 现代农业灌溉网络中生物膜的发生、挑战及控制策略

IF 6.2 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2025.102616

Ch. Tahir Mehmood , Hira Waheed , Olivier Habimana

Biofilms in agricultural irrigation networks represent a crucial and escalating global concern, directly threatening water quality, crop production, and food authenticity. These recalcitrant microbial community consortia enrobed in extracellular polymeric substrates (EPS) are the perpetrators of emitter occlusion, Microbially Influenced Corrosion (MIC), and reservoirs for pathogens and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Although there is a wealth of experimental knowledge about the identity and formation of biofilms, a comprehensive, multi-criteria analysis investigating specific control measures appears lacking in literature. This shortcoming is addressed in the present review, which provides a comprehensive discussion of biofilm control based on physical, chemical and biological approaches and emerging strategies aimed at meeting key performance criteria in terms of effectiveness, cost efficiency, environmental impact and applicability. We further deconstruct how biofilm microdiversity supports their stability and public health impact, particularly their role as hotspots for Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) gene transmission. Our investigation concludes with a new comprehensive management model combining real-time monitoring, passive design and combined treatment pressures. We show that chemical biocides are immediately cost-effective, but pose substantial risks of resistance development and ecotoxicity in the long-term. Sustainable solutions such as phage therapy, ozone nanobubbles, and AI-driven predictive management provide viable, if initially more costly, possibilities for resilience. This review concludes with actionable recommendations for stakeholders and identifies key research frontiers, including the long-term ecotoxicity of nanoparticles and biofilm dynamics under climate change, charting a course for intelligent and sustainable biofilm management in modern agriculture.

农业灌溉网络中的生物膜是全球关注的一个重要问题，它直接威胁到水质、作物生产和食品的真实性。这些粘附在细胞外聚合物底物（EPS）中的顽固微生物群落是发射器闭塞、微生物影响腐蚀（MIC）以及病原体和抗菌素耐药性（AMR）基因的储存库的罪魁祸首。虽然关于生物膜的特性和形成有丰富的实验知识，但研究具体控制措施的全面、多标准分析在文献中似乎缺乏。本文对生物膜控制的物理、化学和生物方法以及旨在满足有效性、成本效率、环境影响和适用性等关键性能标准的新兴策略进行了全面讨论。我们进一步解构了生物膜微多样性如何支持其稳定性和公共卫生影响，特别是它们作为抗菌素耐药性（AMR）基因传播热点的作用。我们的研究总结了一种新的综合管理模式，结合了实时监测、被动设计和联合处理压力。我们表明，化学杀菌剂立即具有成本效益，但在长期内存在耐药性发展和生态毒性的重大风险。噬菌体疗法、臭氧纳米气泡和人工智能驱动的预测管理等可持续解决方案为恢复力提供了可行的可能性，尽管最初成本更高。本综述为利益相关者提出了可操作的建议，并确定了重点研究前沿，包括纳米颗粒的长期生态毒性和气候变化下的生物膜动力学，为现代农业中智能和可持续的生物膜管理指明了方向。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals flavor quality regulations in post-harvest fruits of Actinidia melanandra 综合转录组和代谢组分析揭示了猕猴桃采后果实风味品质的变化规律

IF 6.2 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2025.102618

Jianyou Gao , Cuixia Liu , Qiaosheng Jiang , Liming Xia , Shibiao Liu , Manrong Zha , Rongxiang Zhu , Kaiyu Ye , Faming Wang

The utilization of the fruit of Actinidia melanandra is limited by insufficient understanding of its quality attributes and regulatory mechanisms in the fruit during soft ripening stages. In this study, we employed multi-omics approaches to investigate the post-harvest quality dynamics and the regulatory mechanisms in the fruit of A. melanandra. The results showed that the kiwifruit had better palatability at the final stage during the soft ripening stages due to its higher soluble solids content and unique flavor. Volatile profiling identified 36 aroma-active compounds that were dominated by aldehydes and terpenoids, showing progressive terpenoid diversification during maturation. Anthocyanin-specific analysis demonstrated cyanidin-3-O-galactoside as the primary pigment, co-regulating coloration with pelargonidin-3-O-galactoside. The combination of integrated omics and subsequent qRT-PCR validation identified 31 structural genes and 8 transcriptional regulators governing the metabolic pathways of sugar accumulation, monoterpene biosynthesis, and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our study provides new insights into flavor regulation during fruit soft ripening, lays a foundation for kiwifruit flavor improvement, and guides better exploitation of A. melanandra resources.

由于对猕猴桃果实软熟期的品质特性和调控机制认识不足，制约了猕猴桃果实的利用。本研究采用多组学方法研究了黑桫椤果实采后品质动态及其调控机制。结果表明，猕猴桃在软熟阶段具有较高的可溶性固形物含量和独特的风味，在最后阶段具有较好的适口性。挥发性分析鉴定出36种芳香活性化合物，主要是醛类和萜类化合物，在成熟过程中萜类化合物逐渐多样化。花青素特异性分析表明花青素-3- o-半乳糖苷是主要色素，与花青素-3- o-半乳糖苷共同调节着色度。整合组学和随后的qRT-PCR验证相结合，确定了31个结构基因和8个转录调控因子，控制糖积累、单萜生物合成和花青素生物合成的代谢途径。本研究为研究猕猴桃软熟过程中的风味调控提供了新的思路，为猕猴桃风味改良奠定了基础，为更好地开发猕猴桃资源提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Transcriptomic and functional analysis of a polysaccharide from Caulerpa lentillifera with immunostimulatory and antioxidant properties 具有免疫刺激和抗氧化特性的扁豆多糖的转录组学和功能分析

IF 6.2 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Journal of Agriculture and Food Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2025.102619

Suphaporn Tesvichian , Apaporn Rodpan , Papassara Sangtanoo , Tanatorn Saisavoey , Anumart Buakeaw , Simab Kanwal , Jatupol Liangsakul , Anek Sopon , Aphichart Karnchanatat , Piroonporn Srimongkol

This study investigates the immunomodulatory and antioxidative potential of SGP₃₁, a sulfated polysaccharide derived from the seaweed Caulerpa lentillifera. Transcriptomic profiling of RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with SGP₃₁ indicated dose-dependent modulation of genes associated with immune responses and oxidative stress regulation. Key genes, including Tnf, Il6, Hmox1, and Txnrd1 were differentially expressed, suggesting activation of inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted signaling networks, including cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction and AGE–RAGE signaling, which may contribute to the observed cellular responses. To validate these transcriptomic findings, qRT-PCR analysis was conducted on selected genes. SGP₃₁ significantly increased the expression of Tnf and Il6 relative to the untreated control, although expression levels remained considerably lower than those induced by LPS, suggesting a moderate immunostimulatory effect. The antioxidant-related gene Hmox1 was markedly upregulated at higher SGP₃₁ concentrations, whereas Nqo1 expression decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Functional assays revealed no cytotoxicity across the tested concentrations, with cell viability remaining above 88 %. SGP₃₁ also increased nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner, consistent with its immunostimulatory potential. Collectively, these findings suggest that SGP₃₁ can influence both inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant genes in macrophages, supporting its promise as a natural bioactive compound for immune and antioxidant modulation.

本研究探讨了从扁豆藻中提取的硫酸酸化多糖SGP31的免疫调节和抗氧化潜力。SGP31处理RAW 264.7巨噬细胞的转录组学分析表明，与免疫反应和氧化应激调节相关的基因具有剂量依赖性调节。关键基因包括Tnf、Il6、Hmox1和Txnrd1的差异表达，提示炎症和抗氧化途径的激活。通路富集分析强调了信号网络，包括细胞因子-细胞因子受体相互作用和AGE-RAGE信号，这可能有助于观察到的细胞反应。为了验证这些转录组学发现，对选定的基因进行了qRT-PCR分析。与未处理对照组相比，SGP31显著增加了Tnf和il - 6的表达，但表达水平仍远低于LPS诱导的水平，表明SGP31具有适度的免疫刺激作用。抗氧化相关基因Hmox1在高SGP31浓度下显著上调，而Nqo1表达呈浓度依赖性下降。功能分析显示，在不同浓度的测试中没有细胞毒性，细胞活力保持在88%以上。SGP31还以剂量依赖的方式增加一氧化氮（NO）的产生，与其免疫刺激潜力一致。总的来说，这些发现表明SGP31可以影响巨噬细胞中的炎症细胞因子和抗氧化基因，支持其作为免疫和抗氧化调节的天然生物活性化合物的前景。

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引用次数: 0