Lactic acid bacteria with high anti-Salmonella activity were isolated from chicken feces. A total of 127 LAB strains were collected; among them, 7 inhibited both Salmonella Typhimurium CIP58.58 and Escherichia coli TISTR 527. Subsequently, 3 strains showing γ-hemolytic activity were selected for further assessment of their probiotic properties. Ligilactobacillus salivarius K611 was identified as a potential probiotic strain based on its survival under artificial gastric conditions, hydrophobicity, and sensitivity to multiple antibiotics. Draft genome sequencing of L. salivarius K611 revealed several genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, stress responses, and adhesion, which are recognized for their beneficial effects in probiotic bacteria. We also detected a bacteriocin gene likely responsible for bacteriocin production. Additionally, based on genetic analyses of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors, L. salivarius K611 is postulated to be safe. Electron microscopy strongly supported the bacteriostatic effect of L. salivarius supernatant, revealing severe leakage and cell disruption of S. Typhimurium CIP58.58. In conclusion, the analysis through genomic and phenotypic assay confirms the potential of L. salivarius K611 as a promising probiotic candidate.
{"title":"Probiotic properties of Ligilactobacillus salivarius K611 isolated from chicken feces and its antibacterial activity against Salmonella Typhimurium","authors":"Thaintip Kraiprom , Phat Sakpetch , Lakha Salaipeth , Kasidate Chantakun , Darika Awapak , Noraphat Hwanhlem , Pochanart Kanjan","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lactic acid bacteria with high anti-<em>Salmonella</em> activity were isolated from chicken feces. A total of 127 LAB strains were collected; among them, 7 inhibited both <em>Salmonella</em> Typhimurium CIP58.58 and <em>Escherichia coli</em> TISTR 527. Subsequently, 3 strains showing γ-hemolytic activity were selected for further assessment of their probiotic properties. <em>Ligilactobacillus salivarius</em> K611 was identified as a potential probiotic strain based on its survival under artificial gastric conditions, hydrophobicity, and sensitivity to multiple antibiotics. Draft genome sequencing of <em>L. salivarius</em> K611 revealed several genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, stress responses, and adhesion, which are recognized for their beneficial effects in probiotic bacteria. We also detected a bacteriocin gene likely responsible for bacteriocin production. Additionally, based on genetic analyses of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors, <em>L. salivarius</em> K611 is postulated to be safe. Electron microscopy strongly supported the bacteriostatic effect of <em>L. salivarius</em> supernatant, revealing severe leakage and cell disruption of <em>S.</em> Typhimurium CIP58.58. In conclusion, the analysis through genomic and phenotypic assay confirms the potential of <em>L. salivarius</em> K611 as a promising probiotic candidate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102651"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are “forever chemicals” used as treatments on disposable dinnerware and take-out containers to improve their water and oil/grease resistance. They are currently being phased out of use, and alternative options are in development. The objective of this study is to assess how four different information sources (social media influencer, local news, university, and company) influence consumer acceptance of PFAS and PFAS-free alternative treatments. Each treatment presented identical scientific information about PFAS contamination, regulations, and risk mitigation strategies but was attributed to a different source. An online survey of 835 U S. consumers was conducted in 2024. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and pairwise t-tests identified significant differences across information sources. Generally, information from influencers was perceived as easier to understand than information from companies. Information from universities and influencers was perceived as more trustworthy than information from news or companies. Regardless of the information source, plant-based treatments were perceived as the most acceptable, followed by generic PFAS-free alternatives. Exposure to information decreased customer acceptance of PFAS, bio-based, and lignin treatments, while acceptance of PFAS-free alternatives improved acceptance. Company-provided information resulted in the largest decrease in PFAS acceptability (by 20.5 %), however this decline was not significantly different from the decreases observed in other information source treatments. Overall, our findings suggest that even brief, source-labeled communications can meaningfully shift consumer acceptance of PFAS alternatives. Importantly, familiar framings such as “plant-based” and “PFAS-free” resonate more strongly than technical terms like “lignin” and “bio-based,” offering a straightforward strategy for shaping public attitudes and supporting the adoption of safer materials.
{"title":"Influence of scientific communications on the acceptance of PFAS alternatives on disposable dinnerware and take-out containers, by information source","authors":"Alicia Rihn , Pralhad Bajgain , Nicole Labbé , Gourav Kamboj","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are “forever chemicals” used as treatments on disposable dinnerware and take-out containers to improve their water and oil/grease resistance. They are currently being phased out of use, and alternative options are in development. The objective of this study is to assess how four different information sources (social media influencer, local news, university, and company) influence consumer acceptance of PFAS and PFAS-free alternative treatments. Each treatment presented identical scientific information about PFAS contamination, regulations, and risk mitigation strategies but was attributed to a different source. An online survey of 835 U S. consumers was conducted in 2024. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and pairwise t-tests identified significant differences across information sources. Generally, information from influencers was perceived as easier to understand than information from companies. Information from universities and influencers was perceived as more trustworthy than information from news or companies. Regardless of the information source, plant-based treatments were perceived as the most acceptable, followed by generic PFAS-free alternatives. Exposure to information decreased customer acceptance of PFAS, bio-based, and lignin treatments, while acceptance of PFAS-free alternatives improved acceptance. Company-provided information resulted in the largest decrease in PFAS acceptability (by 20.5 %), however this decline was not significantly different from the decreases observed in other information source treatments. Overall, our findings suggest that even brief, source-labeled communications can meaningfully shift consumer acceptance of PFAS alternatives. Importantly, familiar framings such as “plant-based” and “PFAS-free” resonate more strongly than technical terms like “lignin” and “bio-based,” offering a straightforward strategy for shaping public attitudes and supporting the adoption of safer materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102646"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102650
Aritz Royo-Esnal, Carlos Cantero-Martínez, Noemí Codina-Pascual
Under Mediterranean conditions, droughts are important threats for farmers. Camelina (Camelina sativa Crantz), an interesting oilseed crop for its oil characteristics, is generally considered as a drought tolerant crop, but it is also affected by hydric stress periods. The Central Ebro Basin, in North-eastern Spain, characterized by semi-arid and sub-humid climates, is also an area with important pig and cow farm concentration. Managing residues is imperative to avoid underground water pollution. In this area, the average yields of camelina are 1500 kg ha−1 but are limited by irregular precipitations. Because the increasing frequency of drought periods, an experiment under rainfed subhumid climate and flood irrigation systems in a semiarid area, with three camelina varieties (Calena, CO46 and GP204), and four fertilization sources was established in Lleida area for two seasons. At the beginning of the flowering stage, flood irrigation of 100 mm was applied in the irrigated fields. Yields varied from 1000 kg ha−1 to 2500 kg ha−1 in the rainfed fields but increased to 2100 kg ha−1 to 3000 kg ha−1 in the irrigated fields. Calena resulted the most productive variety, although without significant differences. The role of the fertilization source is not clear and seem to rely on edaphoclimatic field characteristics. These results suggest that growing camelina in irrigated fields contribute to a better and economically stable production, with less water demand than winter cereals. This is crucial in the climate change scenario where shortage of irrigation water is becoming general.
{"title":"Cropping camelina with flood irrigation under contrasting fertilization sources","authors":"Aritz Royo-Esnal, Carlos Cantero-Martínez, Noemí Codina-Pascual","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under Mediterranean conditions, droughts are important threats for farmers. Camelina (<em>Camelina sativa</em> Crantz), an interesting oilseed crop for its oil characteristics, is generally considered as a drought tolerant crop, but it is also affected by hydric stress periods. The Central Ebro Basin, in North-eastern Spain, characterized by semi-arid and sub-humid climates, is also an area with important pig and cow farm concentration. Managing residues is imperative to avoid underground water pollution. In this area, the average yields of camelina are 1500 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> but are limited by irregular precipitations. Because the increasing frequency of drought periods, an experiment under rainfed subhumid climate and flood irrigation systems in a semiarid area, with three camelina varieties (<em>Calena</em>, <em>CO46</em> and <em>GP204</em>), and four fertilization sources was established in Lleida area for two seasons. At the beginning of the flowering stage, flood irrigation of 100 mm was applied in the irrigated fields. Yields varied from 1000 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> to 2500 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> in the rainfed fields but increased to 2100 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> to 3000 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> in the irrigated fields. <em>Calena</em> resulted the most productive variety, although without significant differences. The role of the fertilization source is not clear and seem to rely on edaphoclimatic field characteristics. These results suggest that growing camelina in irrigated fields contribute to a better and economically stable production, with less water demand than winter cereals. This is crucial in the climate change scenario where shortage of irrigation water is becoming general.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102650"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102645
Kun Liu , Danping Hou , Chenyu Wang , Hong Zhao , Li Ren , Shan Deng , Yu Zhang , Jingli Zhang , Jian Huang , Yiying Zhang , Shouguo Li , Jingyan Huang , Hairong Chen , Yunxia Chu , Lijun Liu
Enhancing quality has become a pivotal goal in rice production. However, the effects of temperature and light environments on rice quality across different varieties were unclear. In this study, nine widely promoted rice varieties were selected as materials and classified into five types: inbred indica rice, inbred japonica rice, indica hybrid rice, japonica hybrid rice and indica/japonica hybrid rice. The study investigated the changes in temperature and light environments and rice quality in them under different environments. Additionally, the regulation of alternate wetting and moderate soil drying (AWMD) irrigation on them were examined. The results indicated that: (1) under different environments, inbred japonica rice exhibited higher head milled rice rate, breakdown and taste value, as well as lower length-to-width ratio, amylose content, protein content and setback. (2) The minimum and maximum temperatures were negatively correlated with head milled rice rate and were positively correlated with peak viscosity and hot viscosity. Notably, both minimum and maximum temperatures during the middle-early and late grain filling stages showed significant positive correlations with viscosity. (3) Compared with the continuously flooded regime, canopy temperatures in Nangeng 9108, Changyou 5 and Yongyou 2640 were reduced by 5.30 %, 3.42 % and 2.90 % under the AWMD regime, respectively. Moreover, AWMD significantly increased head milled rice rate while decreasing peak viscosity, hot viscosity and viscosity across different rice types, with a more pronounced effect observed in Nangeng 9108. This study could provide theoretical insights for temperature and light environments and rice quality and offers novel perspectives for improving rice quality.
{"title":"Grain quality of different type of rice varieties under different environments and cultivation techniques","authors":"Kun Liu , Danping Hou , Chenyu Wang , Hong Zhao , Li Ren , Shan Deng , Yu Zhang , Jingli Zhang , Jian Huang , Yiying Zhang , Shouguo Li , Jingyan Huang , Hairong Chen , Yunxia Chu , Lijun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhancing quality has become a pivotal goal in rice production. However, the effects of temperature and light environments on rice quality across different varieties were unclear. In this study, nine widely promoted rice varieties were selected as materials and classified into five types: inbred <em>indica</em> rice, inbred <em>japonica</em> rice, <em>indica</em> hybrid rice, <em>japonica</em> hybrid rice and <em>indica</em>/<em>japonica</em> hybrid rice. The study investigated the changes in temperature and light environments and rice quality in them under different environments. Additionally, the regulation of alternate wetting and moderate soil drying (AWMD) irrigation on them were examined. The results indicated that: (1) under different environments, inbred <em>japonica</em> rice exhibited higher head milled rice rate, breakdown and taste value, as well as lower length-to-width ratio, amylose content, protein content and setback. (2) The minimum and maximum temperatures were negatively correlated with head milled rice rate and were positively correlated with peak viscosity and hot viscosity. Notably, both minimum and maximum temperatures during the middle-early and late grain filling stages showed significant positive correlations with viscosity. (3) Compared with the continuously flooded regime, canopy temperatures in Nangeng 9108, Changyou 5 and Yongyou 2640 were reduced by 5.30 %, 3.42 % and 2.90 % under the AWMD regime, respectively. Moreover, AWMD significantly increased head milled rice rate while decreasing peak viscosity, hot viscosity and viscosity across different rice types, with a more pronounced effect observed in Nangeng 9108. This study could provide theoretical insights for temperature and light environments and rice quality and offers novel perspectives for improving rice quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102645"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102649
Wenliang Zhang , Pengli Yuan , Shihong Xu , Xiaoyan Wu , Chunlin Li , Guanlong Li , Jiada Huang , Jun Deng , Yanting Pan , Dingliang Tang , Ligeng Jiang
Returning straw to the field substantially improves soil quality and is a key agronomic practice for sustainable rice production. However, the long-term effects of straw returning on soil quality in different soil layers under different tillage practices remain insufficiently understood. Here, we performed a long-term experiment in Nanning and Hezhou to examine variation in soil quality across multiple depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–50 cm) under four treatments: no-tillage (NT), no-tillage with straw mulching (NT-SMR), conventional tillage (CT), and conventional tillage with straw incorporation (CT-SR). Long-term straw return significantly improved the physical, chemical, and biological properties of topsoil, regardless of the tillage method. In comparison to the straw no return treatment, the soil quality index (SQI) in the 0–10 cm soil layer at the Nanning and Hezhou experimental sites increased by 32.3 % and 35.8 %, respectively; for the 10–20 cm soil layer, the corresponding SQI increments were 11.6 % and 47.0 %, respectively. Correlation analysis and random forest modeling indicated that the soil quality index (SQI) was significantly correlated with soil chemical properties, including total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AHN), total phosphorus (TP), available potassium (AK), and organic carbon (SOC). The structural equation model showed that tillage and straw returning mainly improved soil quality indirectly by influencing chemical properties. Therefore, the CT-SR treatment is an efficient soil management measure to enhance soil quality. This study provides practical guidance for sustainable soil management in paddy fields in southern China.
{"title":"Chemical properties drive topsoil improvement: Long-term straw return benefits in paddy fields under contrasting tillage and depths","authors":"Wenliang Zhang , Pengli Yuan , Shihong Xu , Xiaoyan Wu , Chunlin Li , Guanlong Li , Jiada Huang , Jun Deng , Yanting Pan , Dingliang Tang , Ligeng Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Returning straw to the field substantially improves soil quality and is a key agronomic practice for sustainable rice production. However, the long-term effects of straw returning on soil quality in different soil layers under different tillage practices remain insufficiently understood. Here, we performed a long-term experiment in Nanning and Hezhou to examine variation in soil quality across multiple depths (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, and 30–50 cm) under four treatments: no-tillage (NT), no-tillage with straw mulching (NT-SMR), conventional tillage (CT), and conventional tillage with straw incorporation (CT-SR). Long-term straw return significantly improved the physical, chemical, and biological properties of topsoil, regardless of the tillage method. In comparison to the straw no return treatment, the soil quality index (SQI) in the 0–10 cm soil layer at the Nanning and Hezhou experimental sites increased by 32.3 % and 35.8 %, respectively; for the 10–20 cm soil layer, the corresponding SQI increments were 11.6 % and 47.0 %, respectively. Correlation analysis and random forest modeling indicated that the soil quality index (SQI) was significantly correlated with soil chemical properties, including total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AHN), total phosphorus (TP), available potassium (AK), and organic carbon (SOC). The structural equation model showed that tillage and straw returning mainly improved soil quality indirectly by influencing chemical properties. Therefore, the CT-SR treatment is an efficient soil management measure to enhance soil quality. This study provides practical guidance for sustainable soil management in paddy fields in southern China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102649"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2025.102623
Fester Shadrach Tiah , Dunstan Gabriel Msuya , Eliakira Kisetu Nassary , George Muhamba Tryphone
Maize (Zea mays L.) is a globally important staple crop, and seed quality plays a fundamental role in securing stable yields, resilience, and nutritional value, particularly in regions facing environmental challenges such as drought and soil nutrient depletion. This review aimed to identify and synthesize genetic, agronomic, and environmental factors that influence maize seed quality. Using a systematic approach based on PRISMA guidelines, relevant studies were selected from multiple regions including Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America. Analysis revealed that genetic interventions, such as hybridization and genetic modifications, contribute to enhanced seedling vigour, yield stability, and improved nutrient content. Genotype × Environment × Management interactions significantly affect traits like seed composition and germination performance, with factors such as soil fertility and climate variability shaping outcomes. Breeding programs targeting stress tolerance and nutrient efficiency further support seed quality improvement. Sustainable agricultural practices, including precision agriculture, conservation tillage, and seed treatments, were found to enhance seed viability and performance under diverse environmental conditions. The findings suggest that integrating advanced breeding techniques, participatory approaches, and region-specific management strategies can strengthen maize seed quality. Continued investment in breeding programs, farmer education, and supportive policies is necessary to maintain progress. Improving maize seed quality not only contributes to resilient production systems but also holds potential to enhance food security and agricultural sustainability worldwide.
{"title":"Maize seed quality attributes: Exploring genetic, agronomic, and environmental factors for sustainable improvement – A Systematic Review","authors":"Fester Shadrach Tiah , Dunstan Gabriel Msuya , Eliakira Kisetu Nassary , George Muhamba Tryphone","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.102623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2025.102623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.) is a globally important staple crop, and seed quality plays a fundamental role in securing stable yields, resilience, and nutritional value, particularly in regions facing environmental challenges such as drought and soil nutrient depletion. This review aimed to identify and synthesize genetic, agronomic, and environmental factors that influence maize seed quality. Using a systematic approach based on PRISMA guidelines, relevant studies were selected from multiple regions including Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America. Analysis revealed that genetic interventions, such as hybridization and genetic modifications, contribute to enhanced seedling vigour, yield stability, and improved nutrient content. Genotype × Environment × Management interactions significantly affect traits like seed composition and germination performance, with factors such as soil fertility and climate variability shaping outcomes. Breeding programs targeting stress tolerance and nutrient efficiency further support seed quality improvement. Sustainable agricultural practices, including precision agriculture, conservation tillage, and seed treatments, were found to enhance seed viability and performance under diverse environmental conditions. The findings suggest that integrating advanced breeding techniques, participatory approaches, and region-specific management strategies can strengthen maize seed quality. Continued investment in breeding programs, farmer education, and supportive policies is necessary to maintain progress. Improving maize seed quality not only contributes to resilient production systems but also holds potential to enhance food security and agricultural sustainability worldwide.</div></div><div><h3>Systematic review registration</h3><div><span><span>https://www.bmj.com/content/372/bmj.n71</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 102623"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102643
Haiyong Weng , Hairong Luo , Leilei Su , Boyu Zhang , Dawei Sun , Liangquan Jia , Dapeng Ye
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating disease threatening citrus growth, posing a significant challenge to citrus cultivation due to its difficult cure and high transmissibility. Therefore, rapid detection and then removal of HLB infected trees is essential for orchard management. However, the complex and dynamic orchard environment often blocks HLB detection. Using time series analysis methods for large-scale monitoring of citrus orchards is uncommon. This study proposed a two-stage method for HLB detection utilizing time-series multispectral unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing images. The citrus canopy segmentation was carried out firstly using a proposed Canopy-Net with MIoU of 95.4 %, which minimized background interference due to dynamic orchard conditions caused by weed. To improve labeling efficiency of UAV-based HLB datasets, an auxiliary labeling strategy was proposed for 551 trees which only costed approximately 30 min by combining previous canopy segmentation outputs and plant polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. Furthermore, RS-HLBNet was established for HLB detection in different seasons. It introduced a 2D-3D parallel convolution block in head to enhance spectral feature extraction. To resolve potential semantic mismatches in the original UNet, a CBDCA block was proposed to integrate multi-level skip connection features. The EUCB block further improved feature representation during upsampling. Finally, an MIoU of 88.5 % was achieved during the asymptomatic period (1st August) and 92.2 % in the symptomatic period (22nd November), respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the capability of a time-series UAV multispectral imaging for the rapid HLB detection across orchard scale under dynamic orchard environment.
{"title":"Time-series UAV multispectral imaging for HLB detection via improved U-Net under dynamic orchard environment","authors":"Haiyong Weng , Hairong Luo , Leilei Su , Boyu Zhang , Dawei Sun , Liangquan Jia , Dapeng Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating disease threatening citrus growth, posing a significant challenge to citrus cultivation due to its difficult cure and high transmissibility. Therefore, rapid detection and then removal of HLB infected trees is essential for orchard management. However, the complex and dynamic orchard environment often blocks HLB detection. Using time series analysis methods for large-scale monitoring of citrus orchards is uncommon. This study proposed a two-stage method for HLB detection utilizing time-series multispectral unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing images. The citrus canopy segmentation was carried out firstly using a proposed Canopy-Net with MIoU of 95.4 %, which minimized background interference due to dynamic orchard conditions caused by weed. To improve labeling efficiency of UAV-based HLB datasets, an auxiliary labeling strategy was proposed for 551 trees which only costed approximately 30 min by combining previous canopy segmentation outputs and plant polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results. Furthermore, RS-HLBNet was established for HLB detection in different seasons. It introduced a 2D-3D parallel convolution block in head to enhance spectral feature extraction. To resolve potential semantic mismatches in the original UNet, a CBDCA block was proposed to integrate multi-level skip connection features. The EUCB block further improved feature representation during upsampling. Finally, an MIoU of 88.5 % was achieved during the asymptomatic period (1st August) and 92.2 % in the symptomatic period (22nd November), respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the capability of a time-series UAV multispectral imaging for the rapid HLB detection across orchard scale under dynamic orchard environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102643"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102641
Massamba Diop , Khalil El Mejahed , Salvador Francisco Acuña-Guzman , Harun Cicek , Aziz Zine El Abidine , Mohamed El Gharous , Adnane Beniaich
Tillage and cropping systems can strongly influence soil health and soil organic carbon (SOC). We carried out an integrative study on the effects of permanent shifting from no-tillage (NT) to reduced tillage (RT) and crop rotation on soil health indicators, soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions and stocks, and soil health index (SHI) in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment. A rainfed field experiment including 12-year continuous NT (“NT12”) and 7-year NT converted to 5-year RT (“NT7RT5”, i.e., tillage reversal), both combined with three wheat-based diversified crop rotations (DCRs), was conducted. A 12-year continuous conventional tillage (“CT12”) system under wheat monoculture served as a reference. Soil samples were collected at 0–7.5, 7.5–15, and 15–30 cm depths. SOC fractions included particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). Compared to continuous NT (i.e., NT12), tillage reversal from NT to RT (i.e., NT7RT5) did not affect the contents of SOC and its fractions and SOC stocks at 0–30 cm but modified the vertical distribution of SOC and its fractions, with NT7RT5 having lower contents of SOC (1.74 %) and POC (0.65 %) at 0–7.5 cm but greater contents of SOC (1.68 %) and MAOC (1.05 %) at 7.5–15 cm and higher POC content (0.70 %) at 15–30 cm; NT7RT5 lowered the available water capacity (−18 %) and increased total nitrogen (+8 %) at 0–30 cm; but SHI values at 0–30 cm were comparable between NT12 (0.5) and NT7RT5 (0.54). Under NT12 and NT7RT5, crop rotation influenced total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, bulk density, and total porosity, with “Rotation 3”, including wheat, pea, triticale, and faba bean, showing the best results. Despite having higher nutrient (N-P-K) inputs, CT12 resulted in lower SOC content (1.16 %) and stock (45.2 Mg C ha-1) and POC content (0.31 %) at 0-30 cm compared to the cropping systems in NT12 and NT7RT5. These results: i) provide evidence on the possibility of shifting from long-term NT to RT without harming, in the short term, the overall soil health status and SOC storage in the topsoil (0-30 cm), but with the risk of reducing water retention in the soil, which may penalize crop productivity; ii) suggest that Rotation 3 could be recommended in the study region and similar Mediterranean areas for improving certain soil health attributes; and iii) confirm the soil and carbon benefits of conservation tillage (NT, RT) coupled with DCRs.
{"title":"Effects of tillage reversal and crop rotation on soil health and soil organic carbon fractions and stocks in wheat-based cropping systems under dryland Morocco","authors":"Massamba Diop , Khalil El Mejahed , Salvador Francisco Acuña-Guzman , Harun Cicek , Aziz Zine El Abidine , Mohamed El Gharous , Adnane Beniaich","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tillage and cropping systems can strongly influence soil health and soil organic carbon (SOC). We carried out an integrative study on the effects of permanent shifting from no-tillage (NT) to reduced tillage (RT) and crop rotation on soil health indicators, soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions and stocks, and soil health index (SHI) in a semi-arid Mediterranean environment. A rainfed field experiment including 12-year continuous NT (“NT12”) and 7-year NT converted to 5-year RT (“NT7RT5”, i.e., tillage reversal), both combined with three wheat-based diversified crop rotations (DCRs), was conducted. A 12-year continuous conventional tillage (“CT12”) system under wheat monoculture served as a reference. Soil samples were collected at 0–7.5, 7.5–15, and 15–30 cm depths. SOC fractions included particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC). Compared to continuous NT (i.e., NT12), tillage reversal from NT to RT (i.e., NT7RT5) did not affect the contents of SOC and its fractions and SOC stocks at 0–30 cm but modified the vertical distribution of SOC and its fractions, with NT7RT5 having lower contents of SOC (1.74 %) and POC (0.65 %) at 0–7.5 cm but greater contents of SOC (1.68 %) and MAOC (1.05 %) at 7.5–15 cm and higher POC content (0.70 %) at 15–30 cm; NT7RT5 lowered the available water capacity (−18 %) and increased total nitrogen (+8 %) at 0–30 cm; but SHI values at 0–30 cm were comparable between NT12 (0.5) and NT7RT5 (0.54). Under NT12 and NT7RT5, crop rotation influenced total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, bulk density, and total porosity, with “Rotation 3”, including wheat, pea, triticale, and faba bean, showing the best results. Despite having higher nutrient (N-P-K) inputs, CT12 resulted in lower SOC content (1.16 %) and stock (45.2 Mg C ha<sup>-1</sup>) and POC content (0.31 %) at 0-30 cm compared to the cropping systems in NT12 and NT7RT5. These results: i) provide evidence on the possibility of shifting from long-term NT to RT without harming, in the short term, the overall soil health status and SOC storage in the topsoil (0-30 cm), but with the risk of reducing water retention in the soil, which may penalize crop productivity; ii) suggest that Rotation 3 could be recommended in the study region and similar Mediterranean areas for improving certain soil health attributes; and iii) confirm the soil and carbon benefits of conservation tillage (NT, RT) coupled with DCRs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102641"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102639
Valiant O. Odhiambo , Sheryl L. Hendriks , Odirilwe Selomane
Growing international demand for fresh green beans is driving producers in Kenya to expand and intensify crop production for export, creating negative environmental, health and social externalities (hidden costs). However, empirical evidence on the magnitude of these externalities remains limited. Estimating these externalities to reveal their magnitude could encourage stakeholder and policy actions that ensure a more environmentally sustainable, health-protective and socially equitable value chain. This study quantified and monetised negative environmental, health and social externalities in Kenya's green bean value chain. True cost accounting approaches, including life cycle assessment, disability-adjusted life years, the True Price methodology and the value of statistical life years, were used to analyse data from secondary sources. The total hidden costs were estimated at 124.03 million USD (range 115.93–132.20), at least twice the 53.92 million USD market value of green beans and almost three times the export value (42.15 million USD). Environmental externalities accounted for 86.87 million USD (range 79.16–94.65), driven mainly by scarce blue water use and greenhouse gas emissions. Health externalities accounted for 0.97 million USD (range 0.58–1.36), primarily from pesticide exposure. Social externalities (36.20 million USD) reflected a large living income gap among smallholder farming households and the presence of child labour. In conclusion, Kenya's green bean value chain creates substantial negative environmental, health and social externalities. There is a need for stakeholder and policy actions to internalise externalities in the value chain. The findings can guide stakeholders and policymakers in developing and implementing strategies to reduce externalities.
{"title":"Quantifying and monetising externalities in Kenya's green bean value chain: implications for stakeholder and policy actions","authors":"Valiant O. Odhiambo , Sheryl L. Hendriks , Odirilwe Selomane","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing international demand for fresh green beans is driving producers in Kenya to expand and intensify crop production for export, creating negative environmental, health and social externalities (hidden costs). However, empirical evidence on the magnitude of these externalities remains limited. Estimating these externalities to reveal their magnitude could encourage stakeholder and policy actions that ensure a more environmentally sustainable, health-protective and socially equitable value chain. This study quantified and monetised negative environmental, health and social externalities in Kenya's green bean value chain. True cost accounting approaches, including life cycle assessment, disability-adjusted life years, the True Price methodology and the value of statistical life years, were used to analyse data from secondary sources. The total hidden costs were estimated at 124.03 million USD (range 115.93–132.20), at least twice the 53.92 million USD market value of green beans and almost three times the export value (42.15 million USD). Environmental externalities accounted for 86.87 million USD (range 79.16–94.65), driven mainly by scarce blue water use and greenhouse gas emissions. Health externalities accounted for 0.97 million USD (range 0.58–1.36), primarily from pesticide exposure. Social externalities (36.20 million USD) reflected a large living income gap among smallholder farming households and the presence of child labour. In conclusion, Kenya's green bean value chain creates substantial negative environmental, health and social externalities. There is a need for stakeholder and policy actions to internalise externalities in the value chain. The findings can guide stakeholders and policymakers in developing and implementing strategies to reduce externalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102639"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102637
Jingyi Wang , Shuai Zhang , Haibo Zhu , Xin Dai , Xuebiao Zhang
Investigating how energy transition facilitates food system resilience is crucial for improving food security. The study uses a panel dataset from 30 Chinese provinces over the period 2011–2021 to explore the influence of energy transition on food system resilience by using a series of regression models. The mechanism and heterogeneity analysis are also carried out. Furthermore, the moderating role of artificial intelligence (AI) is discussed. The findings of the feasible generalized least squares regression show that energy transition plays a positive role in promoting food system resilience, and the effect tends to be larger in major grain-producing areas than those in non-major grain-producing areas. AI acts as a moderating variable in the energy transition-food system resilience nexus. Based on these results, we recommend policy strategies that strengthen the efforts to promote energy transition to enhance food system resilience, and also improve the application of AI in this nexus.
{"title":"How does renewable energy transition promote food system resilience in China: The moderating role of artificial intelligence","authors":"Jingyi Wang , Shuai Zhang , Haibo Zhu , Xin Dai , Xuebiao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating how energy transition facilitates food system resilience is crucial for improving food security. The study uses a panel dataset from 30 Chinese provinces over the period 2011–2021 to explore the influence of energy transition on food system resilience by using a series of regression models. The mechanism and heterogeneity analysis are also carried out. Furthermore, the moderating role of artificial intelligence (AI) is discussed. The findings of the feasible generalized least squares regression show that energy transition plays a positive role in promoting food system resilience, and the effect tends to be larger in major grain-producing areas than those in non-major grain-producing areas. AI acts as a moderating variable in the energy transition-food system resilience nexus. Based on these results, we recommend policy strategies that strengthen the efforts to promote energy transition to enhance food system resilience, and also improve the application of AI in this nexus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102637"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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