Journal of Agriculture and Food Research最新文献

{"title":"Reproductive growth stages according to the extended BBCH-scale and physical-chemical changes of yellow pitahaya fruit (Hylocereus megalanthus)","authors":"Ives Yoplac ,&nbsp;River Chávez ,&nbsp;Laydy M. Mena ,&nbsp;Jorge L. Maicelo-Quintana ,&nbsp;Alyssa Hidalgo","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The yellow pitahaya (<em>Hylocereus megalanthus</em>), native to Central and South America, has high nutritional and commercial value; however, its reproductive phenology and associated physicochemical changes remain poorly characterized under tropical growing conditions, limiting the establishment of precise management and harvest criteria. The aim of this study was to establish phenological growth codes and stages for its reproductive phase according to the extended BBCH scale (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) and to evaluate the physicochemical changes during fruit growth and maturation. Eighteen secondary growth stages were described, grouped into four main stages: bud development (5), flowering (6), fruit development (7), and maturation (8). Weight, volume, mesocarp and endocarp content and thickness, length, diameter, dry matter, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, and maturity index increased during growth; in contrast, epicarp content and thickness, as well as firmness, decreased. Fruit growth followed a double sigmoid pattern, and physiological maturity was reached approximately 17 weeks after anthesis, representing the most suitable stage for harvest under the studied conditions. The proposed BBCH-based scale and the integrated physicochemical indicators provide a practical framework to support decision-making in crop management, pest, nutrient, pollination, and optimal harvest timing, contributing to improved production efficiency and fruit quality in yellow pitahaya cultivation. The scale could also be applied to define the vegetative and reproductive growth stages of other crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102699"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative analysis of fifteen saponins in the roots and leaves of Panax notoginseng under different cultivation models using UPLC–Q-Orbitrap HRMS","authors":"Shu He ,&nbsp;Songmiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yudong Xing ,&nbsp;Tongyu Zang ,&nbsp;Xiangfu Xu ,&nbsp;Marti Z. Hua ,&nbsp;Zhenxing Wang ,&nbsp;Liangjuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Rui Shi ,&nbsp;Shu Wang ,&nbsp;Chen Ye ,&nbsp;Min Yang ,&nbsp;Chao Ji ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Panax notoginseng</em> (Burkill) F.H. Chen is a member of the Araliaceae family and is renowned for its health-promoting properties. In this study, a sensitive and reliable analytical method was established for the quantification of 15 saponins in <em>P. notoginseng</em>. This method exhibited excellent linearity (R² = 0.9970–0.9998) and low limits of detection (0.12–6.31 μg/L) and quantification (0.54–21.03 μg/L). It was subsequently applied to compare samples from conventional farmland and ecological under-forest cultivation systems. The concentrations of Rb1, Rb3, Rc, and Rd in the leaves, as well as PPD-type saponins in the roots of under-forest plants, were significantly higher than those in farmland-grown counterparts. Rb1 was identified as a characteristic saponin in the leaves of under-forest <em>P. notoginseng</em>, while Rb1 and Rh2 were identified as characteristic saponins in the main roots. These results provide a scientific basis for promoting ecological under-forest cultivation practices and offer a robust analytical approach for quality evaluation of <em>P. notoginseng</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102690"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel wheat peptide GYP ameliorates Helicobacter pylori infection with AMPK activation","authors":"Yixin Dan,&nbsp;Yalin Lai,&nbsp;Yinghuan Wu,&nbsp;Qinghua He,&nbsp;Yanying Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Helicobacter pylori</em> (<em>H. pylori</em>) is a common microaerobic gram-negative bacteria. It colonizes the stomach of human causing gastritis and then gastric cancer. Currently, <em>H. pylori</em> infection is clinically limited to antibiotic-based therapies. With the widespread use of antibiotics, resistance of <em>H. pylori</em> to antibiotics may be a major reason for treatment failure. Therefore, it is imperative to develop alternative strategies to eradicate <em>H. pylori</em>. In the present study, a peptide GYP was identified from wheat germ protein hydrolysate. The minimum bactericidal concentration of synthesized GYP on 1 × 10⁸ CFU/mL <em>H. pylori</em> was 5 mg/mL, accompanied with cell membrane disruption. Meanwhile, GYP inhibited the urease activity of <em>H. pylori</em> and decreased toxin gene <em>vacuolar cytotoxin A</em> and <em>cytotoxin-associated gene A</em> expression. Furthermore, GYP prevented <em>H. pylori</em> colonization in mouse stomach, and subsequently reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, eliminated gastric vascular congestion and improved gastritis induced by <em>H. pylori</em>. In consistent with this, GYP interfered adhesion of <em>H. pylori</em> on the surface of human gastric mucosal epithelial cells. It further protected gastric mucosal epithelial cells against apoptosis triggered by <em>H. pylori</em>. Therefore, GYP might be a promising anti<em>-H. pylori</em> peptide for the alleviation of <em>H. pylori</em>-induced inflammation and subsequent impairment of gastric mucosa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102697"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of biochar and inorganic fertilizers rates on yield and yield components of maize at Bako western Ethiopia","authors":"Begizew Golla ,&nbsp;Nigussie Dechassa ,&nbsp;Wassu Mohammed ,&nbsp;Almaz Meseret Gezahegn","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil acidity is a major constraint to maize production in western Ethiopia, where maize is used as a major staple crop. This problem severely limits yield, threatening food security and farmers’ livelihoods. To manage soil acidity and enhance maize productivity, this study was initiated to evaluate the effect of combined application of biochar and inorganic fertilizers. A two-year field experiment (2023/24 and 2024/25) was conducted at Bako, western Ethiopia, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) arranged in a factorial with three replications. Treatments included three rates of biochar (0, 5, and 10 t ha⁻¹), nitrogen (0, 46, and 92 kgha⁻¹), and phosphorus (0, 34.5, and 69 kgha⁻¹ P₂O₅). Major agronomic parameters were measured to assess treatment effects. The results showed that combined application of biochar and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased maize leaf area index (P &gt; 0.01) and grain yield, and significantly (P &gt; 0.05) increased biomass, grain number, and grain weight. The highest grain yield obtained with 5 or 10 t ha⁻¹ biochar combined with 92 kgha⁻¹ N and 69 kgha⁻¹ P₂O₅. Economically, 5 t ha⁻¹ biochar with the same N and P rates was optimal for acid-prone soils. This treatment increased grain yield by 24.1 % over recommended inorganic fertilizer alone and improved biomass, grain number per ear, and grain weight by 33.9 %, 23.2 %, and 12.2 %, respectively. The combined application reduced soil acidity, improved soil properties, and enhanced maize productivity. As the study covered only two seasons, long-term experiments are required to verify the persistent effects of biochar.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102698"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best management practices for reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in vegetable production systems","authors":"Lokeshwar Kesamreddy ,&nbsp;Somasundaram Eagan ,&nbsp;Samuel Mathu Ndungu ,&nbsp;Parameswari Ettiyagounder ,&nbsp;Winnie Ntinyari ,&nbsp;Lukas Pawera","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>The increasing reliance on synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers and intensive soil management in vegetable production systems has led to substantial emissions of nitrogenous gases, including ammonia, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide (N₂O). Among these, N₂O is a long-lived greenhouse gas with a high global warming potential (273 times that of CO₂), making vegetable production a significant contributor to climate forcing due to high N demand and use, frequent irrigation, and low fertilizer recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on best management practices (BMPs) for mitigating N₂O emissions from vegetable production systems, with an emphasis on approaches that enhance N use efficiency while sustaining crop productivity and profitability.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted to evaluate N use patterns, N₂O production pathways, emission drivers, and mitigation strategies in vegetable cropping systems. Studies examining practices such as fertilizer management, soil amendments, irrigation, microbial use, precision technologies, and integrated approaches were critically reviewed, and knowledge gaps were identified.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The reviewed evidence indicates that excessive N application, poor synchronization between N supply and crop demand, and intensive irrigation are the primary drivers of elevated N₂O emissions in vegetable cultivation. BMPs such as nitrification inhibitors; optimized fertilizer rates, timing, and placement; precision fertigation; negative pressure irrigation; and biochar amendments consistently reduced N₂O emissions, often without yield penalties. The effectiveness of these strategies varies with soil type, climate, and crop type.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Mitigating N₂O emissions in vegetable production requires shifting from input-intensive practices toward precise, holistic N management that integrates fertilizer, water, and soil management strategies. Single interventions can reduce emissions, but their effectiveness is strongly enhanced when implemented as part of coordinated management efforts.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>Adopting BMPs and integrated N management can substantially reduce the climate footprint of vegetable production while maintaining economic viability. Future research should prioritize system-level assessments, long-term field studies including N₂O emissions, and region-specific guidelines to support scalable, climate-smart vegetable production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102703"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of antimicrobial food packaging films based on electrospun polycaprolactone nanofibers encapsulating thyme oil nanoemulsions","authors":"Mahfuzur Rahman ,&nbsp;Abdus Sobhan ,&nbsp;Hari Kotturi ,&nbsp;Sarder Sadique ,&nbsp;Omer Sadak ,&nbsp;Morshed Khandaker","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study developed and characterized a novel antimicrobial food packaging film fabricated from electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers incorporated with thyme oil nanoemulsions (TONEs). The concentration of TONEs in the film ranged from 2.5 to 15 % (v/v). The physicochemical properties, including pH, viscosity, and water absorption of the film were evaluated, with results showing favorable values (TONEs pH ≈ 5.46, viscosity ≈ 0.26 cP, contact angle ≈ 109-127⁰ and water absorption ≈ 21.47 %). The microstructure of the film was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which revealed the uniform dispersion of TONEs within the PCL nanofibrous matrix, with average fiber diameters ranging from 555.68 to 571.09 nm. The TONEs interaction within the PCL matrix in the film was evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which revealed hydrogen-bonding interactions between thyme oil components and PCL ester groups. The antimicrobial activity of the films was assessed against common foodborne pathogens, including <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Salmonella enterica</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Bacillus cereus</em>. The films containing 10 % and 15 % TONEs demonstrated significant inhibition zones on agar plates (up to 25 mm for <em>Salmonella enterica</em>), confirming their excellent antimicrobial efficacy, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as low as 0.078 % (v/v) for most pathogens. The nanoemulsion formulation exhibited optimal droplet sizes (75–99 nm) and polydispersity indices (&lt;0.7), ensuring stable encapsulation and controlled release properties. These findings indicate that TONE-loaded PCL nanofibers are promising antimicrobial packaging materials capable of preventing the growth of foodborne pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102704"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining biochar, nitrogen fertilizer and no-tillage to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase rice yield in rainfed lowland","authors":"Maduabuchi Paul Iboko ,&nbsp;Elliott Ronald Dossou-Yovo ,&nbsp;Niaba Témé ,&nbsp;Sunday Ewele Obalum ,&nbsp;Simeon Diedhiou ,&nbsp;Akissi Klamansoni Manuela Stephanie Konan ,&nbsp;Christian Brümmer","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>No-tillage and biochar amendment are widely regarded as effective strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the combined effects of no-tillage, biochar and nitrogen (N) fertilizer application on rice yield and GHG emissions remain scarcely investigated. We conducted a two-year field experiment in central Côte d’Ivoire to assess how biochar and N-fertilizer application under no-tillage influences methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, global warming potential (GWP), GHG intensity (GHGI), and rainfed lowland rice yield. The experiment included three N-fertilizer rates (0, 60, and 120 kg N ha⁻¹) combined with two biochar rates (3, and 6 t ha⁻¹) under no-tillage, alongside two additional treatments; N-only fertilizer (120 kg N ha⁻¹) under no-tillage, and under manual tillage (conventional practice). No-tillage combined with biochar and N-fertilizer increased N₂O emissions (9–96 %), but reduced CH₄ emissions (13–21 %) and increased rice yields (4–10 %) compared to conventional practice. This trade-off led to significant reductions in GWP (10–20 %) and GHGI (15–18) by no-tillage combined with biochar and N-fertilizer relative to conventional practice. Co-application of 6 t ha⁻¹ biochar with 60 kg N ha⁻¹ under no-tillage produced the highest partial N productivity. Conversely, applying N-fertilizer alone under no-tillage resulted in 43 % higher CH₄ emission than conventional practice. Across treatments, CH₄ emissions contributed 95 % of the total GWP, and soil moisture emerged as the main driver of CH₄ fluxes. These findings suggest that applying biochar and N-fertilizer under no-tillage represents a promising pathway to enhance rainfed lowland rice yield and reduce GHG emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102700"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil physicochemical traits and environmental context shape the efficacy of a halophyte-derived plant growth-promoting bacterial biofertilizer","authors":"Elena Romano-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;M. Rocío Martín-Peláez ,&nbsp;Pedro Valle-Romero ,&nbsp;Susana Redondo-Gómez ,&nbsp;Noris J. Flores-Duarte ,&nbsp;Alfonso Campuzano ,&nbsp;Eloísa Pajuelo ,&nbsp;Ignacio D. Rodríguez-Llorente ,&nbsp;Enrique Mateos-Naranjo","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PGPB-based biofertilizers offer a sustainable and cost-effective alternative for agriculture; however, their widespread adoption remains limited due to gaps in understanding strain adaptability to the physicochemical variability of soils and the reproducibility of results under field conditions. This study evaluated how soil properties and environmental variability modulate the beneficial effects of a halophytic PGPB inoculum, composed of self-compatible, stress-tolerant strains with multiple growth-promoting traits, on crop productivity. To this end, two experimental approaches were designed in which <em>Beta vulgaris</em> plants were subjected to two inoculation treatments (non-inoculated and inoculated) and grown in two soils with contrasting physicochemical properties, both under controlled greenhouse and field conditions, respectively. Results showed that the bacterial inoculum significantly enhanced<em>.</em> <em>B.</em> <em>vulgaris</em> growth, physiological performance, and nutritional balance under controlled greenhouse conditions. However, inoculation efficacy was strongly soil-dependent and did not scale linearly from greenhouse to field. In Soil 1, characterized by a sandy texture, low organic matter content, and limited water and nutrients retention, inoculation increased leaf dry matter content by 55 % and 91 %, respectively. In contrast, plants grown in Soil 2, with finer texture, higher organic matter content, and greater nutrient availability, exhibited a modest increase of 17 % following inoculation. Field validation further confirmed this context dependency. While inoculation enhanced plant yield and physiological performance in plants grown in experimental Area 1, no significant benefits were detected in Area 2. In fertile soils like Area 2, optimal nutrient availability and favorable climatic conditions likely reduce plant dependence on microbial related functions, masking inoculation effects. These findings demonstrate that halophytic PGPB inoculum can substantially improves <em>B. vulgaris</em> growth and physiology performance under suboptimal edaphic and climatic conditions, particularly in nutrient-poor, sandy soils, while its benefits are limited in fertile soils with optimal climate, emphasizing the need to consider soil and environmental context for effective biofertilizer use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102671"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sunite sheep tail fat alleviates ulcerative colitis by regulating intestinal flora and metabolites to activate PPAR signaling pathway","authors":"Jinhua Baoyindugurong ,&nbsp;Pufang Liu ,&nbsp;Chenchen Feng ,&nbsp;Dan Chen ,&nbsp;Lixing Wang ,&nbsp;Jiletu Huge ,&nbsp;Ronglun Hou ,&nbsp;Yawen Li ,&nbsp;Xinlei Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a topic of great concern, and there are no effective medications to treat it. Previous studies have shown that dietary adjustment may alleviate UC. In this study, a multiomics analysis was used to improve the utilization rate of sunite sheep tail fat (STF) and its role in alleviating UC. The results showed that STF alleviated colon shortening and weight loss in UC mice; reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon-γ; increased the levels of IL-10; and regulated the protein and gene expression of claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1. Normalization of the intestinal flora, changes in phenylalanine-related metabolites by <em>Bacteroides_H</em> and the activation of the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor signaling pathway may be the mechanisms by which UC can be alleviated in mice. Thus, this study promotes sheep byproduct utilization, and STF dietary intervention may offer an alternative for UC treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102693"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-enhanced Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy for discrimination of green Arabica and Robusta coffee beans","authors":"Wenmeng He ,&nbsp;Guangshuai Hao ,&nbsp;Shiqin Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Meng ,&nbsp;Dan Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Baojun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jafr.2026.102689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arabica and Robusta are the two primary commercial coffee species, and reliable discrimination between their beans is critical for detecting adulteration. This investigation employed Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy as a rapid, non-destructive technique to classify 14 coffee bean samples (10 Arabica, 4 Robusta). Spectral data were preprocessed using Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing, Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), and Standard Normal Variate (SNV) transformation. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were then applied for exploratory analysis and classification model development. Key results demonstrated that SG smoothing optimally preserved essential spectral features while reducing noise and enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio. The SG-PCA approach achieved superior classification performance, whereas MSC-PCA and SNV-PCA showed reduced effectiveness. The PCA-LDA algorithm proved highly effective, yielding comparable or better classification than PCA alone. Critically, SG preprocessing significantly enhanced the PCA-LDA model's performance. This work establishes ATR-FTIR spectroscopy combined with machine learning (PCA-LDA) as a robust, specific method for discriminating Arabica and Robusta coffee beans. The approach demonstrates strong potential for rapid, cost-effective coffee authentication in commercial and regulatory settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34393,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Food Research","volume":"26 ","pages":"Article 102689"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}