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Influence of dietary supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid on growth performance and blood chemistry profile of growing steers 日粮中添加鸟苷酸对生长母牛生长性能和血液化学成分的影响
IF 4.8 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101327

Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA, Cas no. 352-97-6) is a feed additive that positively influences the energy and protein metabolism of animals, so it has the potential to improve the productivity of animals without affecting their health. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of dietary supplementation with GAA on growth performance and blood chemistry profile of growing steers for 60 d. Forty growing crossbred male steers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus; 146.0 ± 0.5 kg body weight (BW)) were randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 20): the first, consisted of a total mixed ration (TMR) without; and the second, substituted the 0.1 % of the TMR with GAA. Dietary supplementation of GAA decreased (P < 0.0001) dry matter intake (DMI) by 12.8 % compared to the steers that were fed the TMR without GAA. Although these changes did not influence (P = 0.4180) BW and average daily gain (ADG), they improved (P < 0.0490) feed conversion efficiency (FCE) by decreasing DMI per kilogram of ADG by 10.4 %. Furthermore, the inclusion of GAA in the TMR reduced (P < 0.0050) triglycerides by 23.2 % and increased the urea nitrogen (BUN) in the steers by 22.4 % (P < 0.0002). However, sampling time influenced (P ≤ 0.0042) all blood chemistry parameters except calcium, and the interaction between GAA supplementation and time did not significantly influence (P ≥ 0.0750) any parameter. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1 g GAA kg−1 of TMR, decreased the DMI and improved FCE without negative effects on blood chemistry profiles.

胍基乙酸(GAA,Cas编号:352-97-6)是一种饲料添加剂,可对动物的能量和蛋白质代谢产生积极影响,因此具有在不影响动物健康的情况下提高动物生产性能的潜力。本研究的目的是评估日粮中添加 GAA 对生长期阉牛 60 天的生长性能和血液生化指标的影响。40 头生长期杂交雄性阉牛(Bos taurus × Bos indicus; 146.0 ± 0.5 kg 体重 (BW))被随机分为两个实验组(n = 20):第一组为不添加 GAA 的全混合日粮 (TMR);第二组为添加 0.1 % GAA 的全混合日粮。与饲喂不含 GAA 的 TMR 的阉牛相比,饲喂 GAA 的阉牛干物质摄入量(DMI)减少了 12.8%(P < 0.0001)。虽然这些变化对体重和平均日增重(ADG)没有影响(P = 0.4180),但通过将每公斤 ADG 的 DMI 降低 10.4%,提高了饲料转化效率(FCE)(P < 0.0490)。此外,TMR 中添加 GAA 可使甘油三酯降低 (P < 0.0050) 23.2%,并使阉牛的尿素氮 (BUN) 提高 22.4% (P < 0.0002)。然而,采样时间影响(P ≤ 0.0042)除钙以外的所有血液化学参数,而补充 GAA 与时间之间的交互作用对任何参数都没有显著影响(P ≥ 0.0750)。总之,日粮中添加 1 g GAA kg-1 的 TMR 可降低 DMI 并提高 FCE,但不会对血液生化指标产生负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of process parameters on the rheological properties of banana (Musa acuminata) fiber and optimization using response surface methodology 工艺参数对香蕉(Musa acuminata)纤维流变特性的影响以及利用响应面方法进行优化
IF 4.8 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101314

The labor-intensive, time-consuming, and uneconomical nature of manually extracting banana (Musa acuminata) fibers from pseudo-stem sheaths has prompted the exploration of automation as a solution. This study focuses on automating the feeding process of banana pseudostem sheaths using a quick return mechanism, which is more effective than other approaches. A comprehensive study was conducted to assess the impact of key process parameters, namely the decorticator (480–540 rpm), roller speed (50–80 rpm), and clearance between rollers (2–4 mm), on the mechanical properties of the extracted banana fiber. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed for the experimental design and analysis of data, and the mechanical properties under investigation included the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and strain percentage of the banana fiber. The results revealed that the decorticator speed, roller speed, and clearance between rollers are significantly influenced by their mechanical properties. Herein, the optimal process parameter values are identified as follows: a decorticator speed of 510 rpm, roller speed of 65 rpm, and clearance of 3 mm between rollers. The mechanical characterization of the optimized banana fiber exhibited impressive properties, with an ultimate tensile strength of 679.48 MPa, Young's modulus of 25.47 GPa, and strain of 3 %. This study demonstrates that automation coupled with systematic parameter optimization can enhance the mechanical attributes of banana fibers. This research not only addresses the challenges of manual extraction, but also advances the understanding of how process parameters affect banana fiber quality, thereby facilitating the utilization of this natural fiber in various industrial applications.

人工从假茎鞘中提取香蕉(Musa acuminata)纤维耗费大量人力、时间,而且不经济,这促使人们探索自动化的解决方案。本研究的重点是利用快速回料机制实现香蕉假茎鞘喂料过程的自动化,这比其他方法更有效。研究人员进行了一项综合研究,以评估关键工艺参数(即解刨器(480-540 转/分钟)、辊子速度(50-80 转/分钟)和辊子间隙(2-4 毫米))对提取的香蕉纤维机械性能的影响。实验设计和数据分析采用了响应面方法(RSM),考察的机械性能包括香蕉纤维的拉伸强度、杨氏模量和应变百分比。结果表明,滗水器速度、辊子速度和辊子间隙对其机械性能有显著影响。因此,确定的最佳工艺参数值如下:蜕皮机速度为 510 转/分钟,辊子速度为 65 转/分钟,辊子之间的间隙为 3 毫米。优化香蕉纤维的机械特性表现出令人印象深刻的性能,其极限拉伸强度为 679.48 兆帕,杨氏模量为 25.47 GPa,应变为 3%。这项研究表明,自动化加上系统化的参数优化可以提高香蕉纤维的机械属性。这项研究不仅解决了人工提取的难题,还加深了人们对工艺参数如何影响香蕉纤维质量的理解,从而促进了这种天然纤维在各种工业应用中的利用。
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引用次数: 0
Accumulation of yam viruses in different parts of white yam and the practice of positive selection technique in seed yam production 山药病毒在白山药不同部位的积累和山药种子生产中的正选择技术实践
IF 4.8 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101320

The success of Positive Selection Technique (PST) depends on the visual selection of virus-free plants, which may not always be possible due to virus accumulation in plant parts apart from the leaves. This study determined virus accumulations in different plant parts of white yam when practicing PST. Experimental plots were established at Ejura and Fumesua, and planted with planting materials (sourced from PST-practicing farmers) of three white yam varieties viz. Kpamyo, Dente and Pona. Symptomatic and asymptomatic plants from these fields were selected and yam mosaic virus (YMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV) detected from their leaves, vines and tubers using DAS-ELISA. Virus concentration in the various plant organs were obtained from the absorbance values using BIO-RAD microplate reader. Disease incidence and severity were assessed at three months after planting. Data were subjected to ANOVA and means separated with LSD using the R software. In the subsequent season, harvested seed yams from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were studied in the screenhouse and viruses detected in leaves and vines using RT-PCR. Plant viruses were found in all plant parts of the three white yam varieties. Concentration of all viruses in leaves, vines and tubers were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in symptomatic plants than in asymptomatic plants. Some seed yams which were selected as apparently “clean” planting materials could harbour yam viruses in plant parts, other than the leaf which is often targeted by PST.

正向选择技术(PST)的成功取决于目测选择无病毒植株,但由于病毒在叶片以外的植株部位积累,这一点可能并不总是可行。本研究确定了在实施 PST 时白山药不同植株部位的病毒积累情况。在 Ejura 和 Fumesua 开辟了实验田,种植了三种白山药品种(Kpamyo、Dente 和 Pona)的种植材料(来自实施 PST 的农民)。从这些田地中挑选出有症状和无症状的植株,使用DAS-ELISA从其叶片、藤蔓和块茎中检测山药花叶病毒(YMV)、黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)和山药轻度花叶病毒(YMMV)。利用 BIO-RAD 微孔板阅读器从吸光度值中得出植物各器官中的病毒浓度。病害发生率和严重程度在种植三个月后进行评估。使用 R 软件对数据进行方差分析,并用 LSD 区分均值。在随后的一季中,从有症状和无症状植株上收获的山药种子在筛选室中进行研究,并使用 RT-PCR 在叶片和藤蔓中检测病毒。在三个白山药品种的所有植株部位都发现了植物病毒。有症状植株的叶片、藤蔓和块茎中所有病毒的浓度都明显高于无症状植株(p < 0.05)。一些被选为表面上 "干净 "的种植材料的山药种子可能在植物的其他部分携带山药病毒,而叶片通常是 PST 的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Phytochemical profile, antioxidant screening, and antidiabetic effect of pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) leaves in diabetic mice 粉红胡椒(Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi)叶的植物化学成分概况、抗氧化剂筛选和对糖尿病小鼠的抗糖尿病作用
IF 4.8 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101309

This current research explores the health benefits of pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) leaves linked to damage associated with diabetes in diabetic mice. An interesting increase in blood glycemia, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxide (H2O2), and renal advanced glycated end products (AGE) in comparison with the non-diabetic mice was observed. Additionally, a decrease in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and antioxidant enzymes namely catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, as well as superoxide dismutase in mice with hyperglycemia was appreciated, as well. The treatment with Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi methanolic extract (STME) from leaves (150 and 250 mg kg−1) for 21 days reduced markedly blood glucose, TC, LDL, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 and AGE levels in kidneys of mice with abnormally glucose level; it elevated serum HDL degree and boosted the activity of hepatic redox-regulating enzymes in diabetic mice. These findings exhibit the capacity of the STME to mitigate diabetes-related hyperglycemia. The data proposed that the administration of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi leaves extract can be useful in preventing alterations and dysfunction caused by glycation, oxidative stress, and hyperlipidemia in the pathology of diabetes. The overall results imply that phytochemical compounds of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi leaves may represent a promising therapeutic opportunity in the search for new anti-diabetic treatments.

目前的这项研究探讨了粉红胡椒(Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi)叶片对糖尿病小鼠糖尿病相关损害的健康益处。与非糖尿病小鼠相比,研究人员观察到血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、肝脏丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化物(H2O2)和肾脏高级糖化终产物(AGE)均有明显增加。此外,高血糖小鼠的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平和抗氧化酶(即过氧化氢酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶以及超氧化物歧化酶)也明显下降。连续21天使用Sinus terebinthifolius Raddi叶片甲醇提取物(150和250毫克/千克)可显著降低血糖异常小鼠肾脏中的血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、肝脏丙二醛(MDA)、H2O2和AGE水平;提高血清高密度脂蛋白水平,增强肝脏氧化还原调节酶的活性。这些研究结果表明,STME 能够缓解与糖尿病相关的高血糖症状。这些数据表明,服用莱菔子叶提取物有助于预防糖尿病病理过程中由糖化、氧化应激和高脂血症引起的改变和功能障碍。总体结果表明,Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi 叶片中的植物化学物质可能是寻找新的抗糖尿病疗法的一个很有前景的治疗机会。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing bioactive compounds extraction from noni leaves (Morinda citrifolia) by enzymes-assisted extraction 用酶辅助萃取法提高诺丽叶(海巴戟)中生物活性化合物的提取率
IF 4.8 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101310

Noni leaves provide several health benefits as food and traditional medicines due to their bioactive compounds. This study investigated the preliminary effects of cellulase and hemicellulase assisted extraction on bioactive compounds extraction from Noni leaves compared to maceration technique. Cellulase and hemicellulase-assisted extraction formed small holes on the extracts surface and provided rough surface, angular and fragmentation structures indicated some breakdown of Noni leaves cell wall after enzyme reaction. There was a significant difference of the extracts particle size between the samples from cellulase assisted extraction and hemicellulase assisted extraction while no significant difference was observed between the samples from maceration technique and cellulase assisted extraction. For antioxidant activity, cellulase assisted extraction provided the highest antioxidant activity (92.83 and 73.05 mg TEAC/g of sample which was determined by DPPH and FRAP method respectively). However, hemicellulase extraction exhibited the lowest antioxidant activity (36.38 and 33.33 mg TEAC/g of sample in DPPH and FRAP method respectively). Cellulase-assisted extraction provided higher asperuloside content (0.14 ± 0.01 μM/g of sample) as compared to maceration technique (0.13 ± 0.01 μM/g of sample) and hemicellulase-assisted extraction (0.05 ± 0.01 μM/g of sample). These results can lead to the use of green technology for bioactive compounds extraction from plant sources for use as a medical and functional food ingredient.

诺丽叶含有生物活性化合物,可作为食品和传统药物提供多种健康益处。与浸渍技术相比,本研究调查了纤维素酶和半纤维素酶辅助萃取对从诺丽叶中提取生物活性化合物的初步影响。纤维素酶和半纤维素酶辅助萃取在萃取物表面形成小孔,表面粗糙,角状和碎裂结构表明诺丽叶细胞壁在酶反应后发生了一些破坏。纤维素酶辅助萃取和半纤维素酶辅助萃取的样品在提取物颗粒大小上有明显差异,而浸渍技术和纤维素酶辅助萃取的样品没有明显差异。在抗氧化活性方面,纤维素酶辅助提取的抗氧化活性最高(用 DPPH 和 FRAP 法测定,分别为 92.83 和 73.05 毫克 TEAC/克样品)。然而,半纤维素酶萃取的抗氧化活性最低(用 DPPH 和 FRAP 法测定分别为 36.38 和 33.33 毫克 TEAC/克样品)。与浸渍技术(0.13 ± 0.01 μM/g)和半纤维素酶辅助萃取(0.05 ± 0.01 μM/g)相比,纤维素酶辅助萃取提供了更高的金丝桃苷含量(0.14 ± 0.01 μM/g)。这些结果有助于利用绿色技术从植物中提取生物活性化合物,用作医疗和功能性食品配料。
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引用次数: 0
Seed yield limitations of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) based on plant structure analysis 芫荽(Coriandrum sativum L.)种子产量的局限性)基于植物结构分析
IF 4.8 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101321

The present study describes the dependencies of key productivity and growth indicators of coriander plants on sowing rate and fertilization parameters. The aim of the research was to establish the patterns of coriander yield formation through the prism of plant structure considering modifications in nutrient conditions and sowing rates. Graphical models and correlation matrices were developed for three coriander varieties with similar morphological features (Oksanit, Nectar, Caribe). Data from field studies conducted in 2013–2015 in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine serve as the basis for model construction. Two variable technological elements were studied (sowing rate of seeds; fertilization system) to determine the dependencies of biometric indicators for each variety. 3D graphical models of dependency for structural elements showed advantages over linear models. Seed yield of coriander in the study ranged from 1.24 t/ha with the lowest sowing rate to 1.91 t/ha with a sowing rate of 2.5 million seeds/ha. Maximum essential oil yield for cv. Oksanit was 46.4 kg/ha with a seed yield of 2.16 tons/ha. Cv. Nectar forms 45.6 kg/ha of essential oil with a seed yield of 2.01 tons/ha, and cv. Caribe forms 40.6 kg/ha with a seed yield of 2.06 tons/ha. Absence of statistically significant correlation between seed yield and essential oil output points to the peculiarities of the experiment. Research factors have opposing effects on the formation of essential oil, and consequently, its yield from the seed yield. The value of the results lies in the potential application of this approach in practice and the implementation of findings in the humid zone. The development of productivity models (like 3D plots) across a range of multiple factors simultaneously, based on crop structure indicators, allows for the prediction of target crop parameters, enabling the efficient utilization of available resources.

本研究描述了芫荽植物的主要生产力和生长指标与播种率和施肥参数的关系。研究的目的是在考虑营养条件和播种率变化的情况下,通过植物结构棱镜建立芫荽产量形成的模式。针对形态特征相似的三个芫荽品种(Oksanit、Nectar、Caribe)建立了图形模型和相关矩阵。模型的构建以 2013-2015 年在乌克兰森林-草原地区进行的实地研究数据为基础。研究了两个可变技术要素(种子播种率;施肥系统),以确定每个品种生物特征指标的依赖关系。与线性模型相比,三维结构元素依赖关系图形模型显示出优势。研究中芫荽的种子产量从播种率最低时的 1.24 吨/公顷到播种率为 250 万粒/公顷时的 1.91 吨/公顷不等。Oksanit 品种的精油产量最高,为 46.4 吨/公顷。Oksanit 的最高精油产量为 46.4 公斤/公顷,种子产量为 2.16 吨/公顷。品种Nectar 的精油产量为 45.6 公斤/公顷,种子产量为 2.01 吨/公顷。Caribe 的精油产量为 40.6 公斤/公顷,种子产量为 2.06 吨/公顷。种子产量和精油产量之间没有统计学意义上的显著相关性,这说明了实验的特殊性。研究因素对精油的形成有相反的影响,因此,精油的产量与种子产量也有相反的影响。研究结果的价值在于这种方法在实践中的潜在应用以及在潮湿地区的实施。以作物结构指标为基础,同时跨多种因素开发生产力模型(如三维地块),可以预测作物的目标参数,从而有效利用现有资源。
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引用次数: 0
Physiological and biochemical responses of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) under salinity stress in Iran 伊朗黄秋葵(Abelmoschus esculentus)在盐胁迫下的生理和生化反应
IF 4.8 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101322

Saline soil and water present significant agricultural challenges, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions like Iran. Around 15 % of Iran's land is categorized as saline. Salt stress disrupts various physiological processes in plants, leading to reduced crop yields. Considering the demand for food and the limitation of cultivated areas is rising, the cultivation of salt-resistant crops is gaining attention. This study was conducted to examine the morpho-physiological responses tolerance of a native cultivar of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. cv. White Ahvazi) under conditions of salinity stress. Understanding how this native cultivar responds to salinity stress is crucial for increasing its productivity. The okra seedlings were subjected to seven different levels of electrical conductivity (EC) (1.7 as control, 4.4, 6.2, 8.5, 10.6, 12.5, 14.4, and 15.8 mS/cm) after the appearance of their first true leaves by dissolving NaCl salt in Hoagland's nutrient solution. The results showed that morphological traits in the treated samples were not significantly different from the non-treated samples until EC reached a value of 10.6 mS/cm. The increases in EC from 1.7 to 10.6 mS/cm resulted in a significant rise in the antioxidant capacity and content of biochemical constituents. While salinity stress from EC 12.5 mS/cm onwards caused significant induction of hydrogen peroxide free radicals and peroxidation of membrane lipids. The yield was also significantly reduced at ECs of 12.5, 14.4, and 15.8 mS/cm, which were 31.1, 40.6, and 59.6 % less than control plants, respectively. Increasing salinity stress resulted in a remarkable reduction of photosynthetic pigments in plants as compared to the non-treated plants. Generally, it can be concluded that the White Ahvazi cultivar of okra commonly cultivated in Iran had a moderate tolerance to EC with a threshold of 10.6 mS/cm. Thus, this study can contribute towards enhancing food production in regions facing challenges related to salinity.

盐碱地和盐碱水给农业带来了巨大挑战,尤其是在伊朗这样的干旱和半干旱地区。伊朗约有 15% 的土地属于盐碱地。盐胁迫会破坏植物的各种生理过程,导致作物减产。考虑到对粮食的需求和耕地面积的限制正在增加,抗盐作物的种植正受到越来越多的关注。本研究旨在考察秋葵本地栽培品种(Abelmoschus esculentus L. cv. White Ahvazi)在盐胁迫条件下的形态生理反应耐受性。了解这种本地栽培品种如何应对盐度胁迫对提高其产量至关重要。在黄秋葵幼苗长出第一片真叶后,通过在霍格兰营养液中溶解氯化钠(NaCl),对其施加了七种不同的电导率(EC)水平(对照为 1.7、4.4、6.2、8.5、10.6、12.5、14.4 和 15.8 mS/cm)。结果表明,在 EC 值达到 10.6 mS/cm 之前,处理过的样品的形态特征与未处理过的样品没有显著差异。EC 值从 1.7 mS/cm 增加到 10.6 mS/cm 时,抗氧化能力和生化成分含量显著增加。而从 EC 12.5 mS/cm 开始的盐度胁迫会显著诱发过氧化氢自由基和膜脂过氧化。在 EC 值为 12.5、14.4 和 15.8 mS/cm 时,产量也明显下降,分别比对照植株少 31.1%、40.6% 和 59.6%。与未受盐度胁迫的植物相比,盐度胁迫的增加导致植物光合色素显著减少。总之,可以得出结论,伊朗常见的白阿瓦兹秋葵栽培品种对氨基甲酸乙酯的耐受性一般,阈值为 10.6 mS/cm。因此,这项研究有助于提高面临盐度挑战地区的粮食产量。
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引用次数: 0
Root parameters and water productivity of rice and wheat in a rice‒wheat cropping system as influenced by enriched compost and crop establishment methods 水稻-小麦种植系统中水稻和小麦的根系参数和水分生产率受富集堆肥和作物种植方法的影响
IF 4.8 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101317

Food security worldwide is largely dependent on the rice–wheat cropping sequence (RWCS) Hence, a field study was carried out during 2018–19 and 2019–20 at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, to determine the effect of various enriched organic sources and crop establishment methods on the root parameters, water productivity and yield of rice, its carryover effect on the succeeding wheat crop and the overall efficiency of system. A split plot design was used which involved two main plot treatments, viz., aerobic rice (AR) and conventional transplanted (CT) rice, and five subplot treatments, viz., T1: control (without fertilizer), T2: 100 % RDF (100 % fertilization by using inorganic sources), T3: 50 % phosphorus was applied by using P-enriched compost + 50 % P was applied by using DAP, T4: 50 % N was applied by using N-enriched compost + 50 % nitrogen was applied by using DAP and urea, and T5: 100 % organic fertilizer was applied (100 % fertilization by using N-enriched compost and P-enriched compost). After rice, wheat was grown in all the plots under uniform management practices. Among the nutrient sources, T4 had greater effects on root activity, system economic water productivity and system water productivity than did the other treatments. CT rice can be recommended under irrigated conditions with the integration of enriched compost and inorganic fertilizers. However, under rainfed conditions with less available water, aerobic rice can also be produced by combining enriched compost and inorganic fertilizer.

全世界的粮食安全在很大程度上依赖于水稻-小麦种植序列(RWCS),因此,2018-19年和2019-20年期间在新德里的ICAR-IARI开展了一项田间研究,以确定各种富集有机源和作物种植方法对水稻根系参数、水分生产率和产量的影响,其对后茬小麦作物的结转效应以及系统的总体效率。研究采用了分小区设计,包括两个主小区处理,即好氧水稻(AR)和常规移栽水稻(CT),以及五个子小区处理,即T1:对照(不施肥);T2:100% RDF(100% 使用无机肥);T3:50% 磷肥使用富磷堆肥,50% 磷肥使用 DAP;T4:50% 氮肥使用富氮堆肥,50% 氮肥使用 DAP 和尿素;T5:100% 有机肥(100% 使用富氮堆肥和富磷堆肥)。在水稻之后,所有地块都在统一管理下种植小麦。在各种营养源中,T4 对根系活动、系统经济水分生产率和系统水分生产率的影响大于其他处理。在灌溉条件下,结合施用肥料和无机肥料,可以推荐使用 CT 水稻。不过,在可用水量较少的雨水灌溉条件下,也可以通过将富集堆肥和无机肥结合起来生产好氧水稻。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of botanical composition of forage crops using laboratory-based hyperspectral imaging and near-infrared spectrometer measurements 利用实验室高光谱成像和近红外光谱仪测量估算饲料作物的植物成分
IF 4.8 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101319

Harvested forage is the main raw feed for ruminant animals in Sweden, and is commonly cultivated in mixed stands of legume and grass species. The fraction of legume on a dry matter basis, known as botanical composition (BC) is a very important indicator of forage quality. In this study, hyperspectral imaging and near-infrared spectrometer (NIRS) based methods were used to estimate BC, to overcome the shortcomings of hand separation, which is time and resource consuming. Timothy and red clover mix samples were collected from different harvests in 2017–2019 from multiple sites in Northern Sweden and hand separated. The samples were synthetically mixed to 11 different BC levels, i.e., 0–100 % clover content. Two different instruments (Specim shortwave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging system and Foss 6500 spectrometer) were used to collect spectral data of samples milled to two levels of coarseness. Three different regression analyses: partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector regression (SVR) and random forest regression (RFR), were used to build BC estimation models. The effects of the milling particle sizes and the different instruments on the performances of the models were compared. The data from second harvest in 2019 were used for independent validation as evaluation, and the rest of data were randomly split for model calibration (75 %) and validation (25 %). The models were iteratively run 1000 times with different splits, to check the effect from the splitting of calibration and validation datasets. Among different regression analyses, PLSR performed best, with mean Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) for model evaluation from 0.76 to 0.87, varying for different instruments and milling sizes. Finer milling made the model accuracies slightly higher. This study developed quick and robust methods to determine the BC of timothy grass and red clover mixtures, which can provide useful information for farmers or researchers.

收割的牧草是瑞典反刍动物的主要饲料,通常是豆科植物和禾本科植物混合种植。豆科植物的干物质含量,即植物成分(BC),是衡量饲草质量的一个非常重要的指标。本研究采用基于高光谱成像和近红外光谱仪(NIRS)的方法来估算植物成分,以克服手工分离耗时耗力的缺点。从瑞典北部多个地点采集了2017-2019年不同收获期的提摩西和红三叶草混合样本,并进行了人工分离。样品被合成混合到 11 种不同的 BC 水平,即 0-100 % 的三叶草含量。使用两种不同的仪器(Specim 短波红外(SWIR)高光谱成像系统和 Foss 6500 光谱仪)收集碾磨成两种粗度的样品的光谱数据。使用三种不同的回归分析方法:偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、支持向量回归(SVR)和随机森林回归(RFR)来建立萃取估算模型。比较了碾磨粒度和不同工具对模型性能的影响。2019年第二次收获的数据用于独立验证评估,其余数据随机分配用于模型校准(75%)和验证(25%)。模型在不同的分割条件下迭代运行 1000 次,以检查校准和验证数据集分割的影响。在不同的回归分析中,PLSR 的表现最好,模型评估的平均纳什-苏特克利夫效率(NSE)从 0.76 到 0.87 不等,不同的仪器和研磨尺寸也有不同。更精细的铣削使模型精确度略高。这项研究开发了快速、稳健的方法来确定梯牧草和红三叶草混合物的萃取率,可为农民或研究人员提供有用的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of coating phosphorus with humic acids and micronutrients on yield of soybean and maize in succession 用腐殖酸和微量营养元素包覆磷对大豆和玉米连作产量的影响
IF 4.8 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2024.101318

The increasing the efficiency of phosphate and micronutrient fertilization in tropical soils should be better studied to close crop yield gaps. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a soluble P source with or without humic acids (HA) and micronutrients (M) on P-availability and maize and soybean yield in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The crops were grown under a rainfed and no-till cropping system, with maize grown in the 2016/2017 rainy summer season, wheat grown as a cover crop in the 2017 winter season, and soybean grown in the 2017/2018 crop year. The field trial was organized in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement [4 sources of P in combination with 2 forms of M supply]. The coated monoammonium phosphate (MAP) P source was supplied in three ways: 1) MAP, 2) MAP + HA, and 3) MAP + HA + M (B, Cu, Mn, and Zn), plus a control for P (no P). The micronutrient supply was 1) Mn + Zn + Cu + B (MZCB) and 2) control for MZCB (no M supply). Coating MAP with HA increased soil P availability but did not increase P content within the soybean leaves. The multivariate approach also showed that soybean yield can increase in response to coating MAP with HA. The study showed that MAP + HA increased soil P content. However, this increase was diminished when micronutrients were included in the same granule (MAP + HA + M). However, P sources raised P in soybean leaves equally compared to control for P. Soybean yield was unaffected by the P source, likely due to adequate leaf P concentrations across all treatments. However, soybean yield generally increased with micronutrient supply. For maize, yields were unaffected by supplying micronutrients with the P source. Conversely, maize yields typically decreased with micronutrient supply, except when using the MAP + HA + M combination granule.

应更好地研究如何提高热带土壤中磷肥和微量元素的施肥效率,以缩小作物产量差距。本研究旨在评估在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州使用含或不含腐植酸(HA)和微量营养元素(M)的可溶性磷源对磷的利用率以及玉米和大豆产量的影响。作物在雨水灌溉和免耕耕作制度下种植,玉米在2016/2017年夏季雨季种植,小麦作为覆盖作物在2017年冬季种植,大豆在2017/2018作物年度种植。田间试验采用 4 × 2 因式排列[4 种 P 来源与 2 种 M 供应形式相结合]。涂布磷酸一铵(MAP)P源以三种方式供应:1)MAP,2)MAP + HA,3)MAP + HA + M(硼、铜、锰和锌),外加 P 的对照(无 P)。微量营养元素供应为:1)锰+锌+铜+硼(MZCB);2)MZCB 对照组(无 M 供应)。在 MAP 上涂抹 HA 增加了土壤中 P 的可用性,但并没有增加大豆叶片中的 P 含量。多变量方法还表明,大豆产量会随着在 MAP 上涂抹 HA 而增加。研究表明,MAP + HA 增加了土壤中的 P 含量。但是,如果在同一颗粒中加入微量营养元素(MAP + HA + M),这种增加就会减弱。大豆产量不受钾源的影响,这可能是由于所有处理的叶片钾浓度都足够。然而,大豆产量一般随微量营养元素的供应而增加。玉米的产量不受钾源微量营养元素供应的影响。相反,玉米产量通常会随着微量营养元素的供应而减少,使用 MAP + HA + M 组合颗粒剂时除外。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Agriculture and Food Research
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