Regional Sustainability最新文献_第10页

Evolutionary characteristics of export trade network in the Arctic region 北极地区出口贸易网络的演化特征

Q1 Social Sciences

Regional Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsus.2024.100176

Xing Ma , Wenli Qiang , Shijin Wang , Jiayi Liu , Arunima Malik , Mengyu Li , Xiang Wang

The economic potential induced by environmental changes in the Arctic region garnered substantial interest, which positions Arctic trade as a crucial indicator in forecasting the impacts of climate change on the global economy. Nevertheless, attention devoted to the evolving dynamics of trade in the Arctic region remains scarce. In this study, we constructed export trade network in the Arctic region (including Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, the Canadian Arctic, the Russian Arctic, Alaska State of the USA, and Greenland) from 1990 to 2019 and analyzed its topology and evolutionary characteristics through complex network theory. We used a structural entropy index based on the distribution of the number of trading partners and the degree of trade concentration to assess export diversity, while we also utilized a revealed comparative advantage index to evaluate product export competitiveness using the share of trade volume of each type of product. The results indicate that the total export trade in the Arctic region increased by 53.4% during 1990–2019, with the most significant growth observed in the exports of chemical products and mineral fuels. The increasing complexity of trade network in the Arctic region resulted in the region’s export destinations no longer being concentrated on a few major countries and regions. The proportion of exports from the Arctic region to Europe decreased by 13.5%, while the proportion of exports from the Arctic region to Asia and North America increased by 6.8% and 3.1%, respectively. The Arctic region exhibited clear distinctions in the range of flows of different products, and its export trade was becoming increasingly diversified. Although differences in comparative advantages between products within individual countries or regions have narrowed, substantial gaps persist. The findings of this study can enhance the comprehensive understanding of the significance and function of Arctic trade activities within the global economy, providing a scientific basis for addressing the associated challenges and opportunities in the context of climate change.

北极地区环境变化引发的经济潜力引起了极大的兴趣，这使北极贸易成为预测气候变化对全球经济影响的关键指标。然而，对北极地区不断变化的贸易动态的关注仍然很少。本研究构建了1990 - 2019年北极地区（包括丹麦、芬兰、瑞典、挪威、冰岛、加拿大北极、俄罗斯北极、美国阿拉斯加州和格陵兰岛）出口贸易网络，并运用复杂网络理论分析了其拓扑结构和演化特征。本文采用基于贸易伙伴数量分布和贸易集中度的结构熵指数来评价出口多样性，并采用显性比较优势指数来评价产品出口竞争力，以各类产品的贸易额占比来评价产品出口竞争力。结果表明，1990年至2019年期间，北极地区的出口贸易总额增长了53.4%，其中化工产品和矿物燃料的出口增长最为显著。北极地区贸易网络日益复杂，导致该地区的出口目的地不再集中于少数几个主要国家和地区。北极地区对欧洲的出口比重下降了13.5%，对亚洲和北美的出口比重分别上升了6.8%和3.1%。北极地区在不同产品的流动范围中表现出明显的差别，其出口贸易日益多样化。虽然各个国家或地区产品之间比较优势的差异已经缩小，但巨大差距仍然存在。本研究的结果可以增强对北极贸易活动在全球经济中的意义和功能的全面理解，为应对气候变化背景下的相关挑战和机遇提供科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

Efficiency and sustainability of the tourism industry in Latin America 拉丁美洲旅游业的效率和可持续性

Q1 Social Sciences

Regional Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsus.2024.100178

Clara Inés Pardo Martínez , Alexander Cotte Poveda

The tourism industry is economically very important. According to the World Travel Tourism Council, in 2019, the tourism industry accounted for a quarter of all new jobs created worldwide, 10.3% of all jobs, and 9.6×10¹² USD of the global gross domestic product. This study aimed to calculate the tourism efficiency index for different Latin American countries from 2010 to 2021 using data envelopment analysis, which analyzes the relationships between input variables (including the number of employees in the tourism industry and the number of hotel-type establishments) and output variables (including tourism expenditures in other countries and public social expenditures in recreation and culture per capita). Additionally, this study aimed to identify the countries with greater tourism development and the factors that may affect the development of the tourism industry through the stochastic frontier production function. The results of the tourism efficiency index for Central America (including Costa Rica, Dominica, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, and Panama) and South America (including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay) exhibited different trends. However, after the global health crisis, the tourism industry recovered, showing new opportunities to promote sustainability. The results of the stochastic frontier production function demonstrated that countries with higher levels of inbound and outbound tourism, contribution of tourism to the economy, natural resources, and literacy rate exhibited more efficient tourism industry, whereas countries with higher pollution levels exhibited less efficient tourism industry. The findings of this study could allow us to formulate suitable public policies to promote tourism, maintain natural resources, and diversify these sectors with more inclusive programmes that can facilitate growth and benefit vulnerable communities.

旅游业在经济上非常重要。根据世界旅游理事会的数据，2019年，旅游业占全球新增就业岗位的四分之一，占所有就业岗位的10.3%，占全球国内生产总值的9.6×1012美元。本研究旨在利用数据包络分析方法计算2010 - 2021年拉美不同国家的旅游效率指数，该方法分析了输入变量（包括旅游业员工数量和酒店类机构数量）与输出变量（包括其他国家的旅游支出和人均娱乐文化公共社会支出）之间的关系。此外，本研究旨在通过随机前沿生产函数识别旅游业发展程度较高的国家和可能影响旅游业发展的因素。中美洲（包括哥斯达黎加、多米尼加、萨尔瓦多、洪都拉斯、墨西哥和巴拿马）和南美洲（包括阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、巴拉圭、秘鲁和乌拉圭）的旅游效率指数结果呈现出不同的趋势。然而，在全球卫生危机之后，旅游业复苏，呈现出促进可持续发展的新机遇。随机前沿生产函数的结果表明，出境和入境旅游水平越高、旅游对经济、自然资源和识字率的贡献越高的国家旅游业效率越高，而污染水平越高的国家旅游业效率越低。这项研究的结果可以帮助我们制定适当的公共政策，以促进旅游业，保护自然资源，并通过更具包容性的计划使这些部门多样化，从而促进增长并使弱势社区受益。

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引用次数: 0

Encouraging circular economy and sustainable environmental practices by addressing waste management and biomass energy production 通过解决废物管理和生物质能生产问题，鼓励循环经济和可持续环境做法

Q1 Social Sciences

Regional Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsus.2024.100174

Nazim Forid Islam , Bhoirob Gogoi , Rimon Saikia , Balal Yousaf , Mahesh Narayan , Hemen Sarma

The current linear economy assumes abundant, easily accessible, and cost-effective natural resources. However, this assumption is unsustainable, especially considering the world’s current trajectory exceeding the Earth’s ecological limits. In contrast, circular economy (CE) reduces wastes and improves resource efficiency, making them a more sustainable alternative to the dominant linear model. Biomass energy generated from agricultural leftovers, forestry wastes, and municipal trash provides a renewable substitute for fossil fuels. This reduces greenhouse gas emissions and improves energy security. Proper waste management, including trash reduction, recycling, and innovative waste-to-energy technology, reduces the burden on landfills and incineration and creates renewable energy from materials that would otherwise go to waste. Although integrating these techniques is consistent with the CE’s resource efficiency and waste minimization principles, it requires addressing environmental, technical, and socioeconomic challenges. Given the pressing global issues, transitioning to a CE and implementing sustainable environmental practices are crucial to mitigate the current waste management crisis. The aim of this study is to emphasize the viability of biomass as a source of sustainable energy, the necessity of comprehensive strategies that prioritize ecological sustainability, community involvement, and innovation to achieve a circular principle based future, and the potential obstacles to the implementation of sustainable environmental practices. This study will aid in implementing CE practices to accomplish the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and landfill loads. Beyond environmental benefits, it can also bring economic, social, and health improvements. Furthermore, this study will assist societies in addressing global issues, such as resource scarcity, pollution, and climate change, as well as transitioning to a more sustainable and resilient future.

当前的线性经济假定有丰富的、容易获得的、具有成本效益的自然资源。然而，这种假设是不可持续的，特别是考虑到世界目前的轨迹超过了地球的生态极限。相比之下，循环经济（CE）减少了浪费，提高了资源效率，使其成为主导线性模型的更可持续的替代方案。从农业剩余物、林业废弃物和城市垃圾中产生的生物质能提供了化石燃料的可再生替代品。这减少了温室气体排放，提高了能源安全。适当的废物管理，包括减少垃圾、回收利用和创新的废物转化为能源技术，可以减轻垃圾填埋和焚烧的负担，并从原本要浪费的材料中产生可再生能源。尽管整合这些技术符合CE的资源效率和废物最小化原则，但它需要解决环境、技术和社会经济方面的挑战。鉴于迫在眉睫的全球问题，向环境行政长官转型和实施可持续的环境措施对于缓解当前的废物管理危机至关重要。本研究的目的是强调生物质作为可持续能源的可行性，优先考虑生态可持续性、社区参与和创新的综合战略的必要性，以实现基于循环原则的未来，以及实施可持续环境实践的潜在障碍。这项研究将有助于实施CE实践，通过减少温室气体排放和垃圾填埋负荷来实现可持续发展目标（sdg）。除了环境效益，它还能带来经济、社会和健康方面的改善。此外，这项研究将帮助社会解决全球性问题，如资源短缺、污染和气候变化，以及向更可持续、更有弹性的未来过渡。

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引用次数: 0

Residents’ attitudes and behaviours on private green spaces in the suburban areas of Central European countries 中欧国家郊区居民对私人绿地的态度与行为

Q1 Social Sciences

Regional Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsus.2024.100180

Tamás Hardi , Ádám Páthy , Andrea Pozsgai

Green spaces in urban and suburban areas play a significant role in helping settlements adapt to climate change. The design, quantity, quality, and location of green spaces influence their ability to provide benefits to people and enhance the quality of life. Private green spaces, if adequately managed, can enhance the environmental quality. This study, based on a questionnaire survey and the Motivation/Attitude-Driven Behaviour (MADB) model, investigated how the attitudes and behaviours of residents shape private green spaces in 12 settlements of the 4 city regions (Cluj region, Nitra region, Kecskemét region, and Győr region) in 3 Central European countries (Hungary, Slovakia, and Romania). The results showed that beautiful natural environment, abundance of green spaces, beautiful settlement and streetscape, and village atmosphere were mentioned most often, along with good quality of life, with a mention rate of over 70.00% in the four city regions. Convenience also played a significant role in the management of green spaces, showing that convenience factors (less work, less waste, and cheaper management) more important for those who live in settlements nearer to the cities. The importance of biodiversity and ecology was positively correlated with socio-economic status such as education and financial situation. However, the importance of the utility of green spaces was less prevalent among original villagers and settlers. Moreover, we found that the percentage of green spaces of settlers is slightly higher than that of original villagers. The results of factor analysis revealed that socio-economic status can influence respondents’ attitudes towards green spaces. It suggests to increase ecological awareness of residents, especially for new settlers, and promote good management techniques for green spaces. This study can improve the awareness of urban planners about the importance of green spaces in suburban areas.

城市和郊区的绿地在帮助住区适应气候变化方面发挥着重要作用。绿色空间的设计、数量、质量和位置影响着它们为人们提供福利和提高生活质量的能力。私人绿地如管理得当，可提升环境质素。本研究基于问卷调查和动机/态度-驱动行为（MADB）模型，调查了3个中欧国家（匈牙利、斯洛伐克和罗马尼亚）4个城市地区（克卢日地区、尼特拉地区、凯奇克姆·萨默斯特地区和Győr地区）的12个住区居民的态度和行为如何塑造私人绿地。结果表明：自然环境优美、绿地丰富、聚落和街景优美、乡村氛围被提及最多，生活质量好，四个城市区域提及率均超过70.00%。便利也在绿地管理中发挥了重要作用，表明便利因素（更少的工作、更少的浪费和更便宜的管理）对那些住在离城市更近的定居点的人更重要。生物多样性和生态的重要性与教育、经济等社会经济状况呈正相关。然而，绿地效用的重要性在原来的村民和定居者中并不那么普遍。此外，我们发现移民的绿地比例略高于原始村民。因子分析结果显示，社会经济地位会影响受访者对绿地的态度。建议提高居民特别是新移民的生态意识，推广良好的绿地管理技术。本研究可以提高城市规划者对郊区绿地重要性的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Smart specialization, public authorities, and innovation intermediaries in developing regions 发展中地区的智能专业化、公共当局和创新中介机构

Q1 Social Sciences

Regional Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsus.2024.100175

Hugo Pinto , Manuel Laranja , Elvira Uyarra

Despite a growing body of literature on smart specialization, the role of public authorities and innovation intermediaries, particularly in developing regions, remains understudied. This research examines one of the first attempts to apply the smart specialization framework to the development of an innovation strategy outside Europe, specifically in the Pernambuco State, Brazil. We focus on two priority areas (clothing and high-tech automotive components) identified by the state government as key targets for pilot policy experimentation and use different methods, such as social network analysis and content analysis, to interview strategic innovation actors for studying the promotion of innovation and regional development in Pernambuco. Findings highlight how regional governance, collaboration, and trust are shaped by public authorities and innovation intermediaries. The study identifies three key challenges in implementing smart specialization strategy in developing regions: i.e., achieving effective decentralization, cultivating an innovation culture, and establishing participatory governance mechanisms. The public sector actors act as crucial knowledge brokers and policy intermediaries, facilitating the linkages and partnerships necessary to overcome these challenges.

尽管关于智能专业化的文献越来越多，但公共当局和创新中介机构的作用，特别是在发展中地区，仍未得到充分研究。本研究考察了将智能专业化框架应用于欧洲以外创新战略发展的首次尝试之一，特别是在巴西伯南布哥州。我们将重点放在州政府确定的两个优先领域（服装和高科技汽车零部件），作为试点政策实验的关键目标，并使用不同的方法，如社会网络分析和内容分析，采访战略创新参与者，以研究促进创新和伯南布哥州的区域发展。研究结果强调了公共当局和创新中介机构如何塑造区域治理、合作和信任。该研究确定了在发展中地区实施智能专业化战略的三个关键挑战：即实现有效的权力下放、培育创新文化和建立参与式治理机制。公共部门行为者作为关键的知识掮客和政策中介，促进克服这些挑战所必需的联系和伙伴关系。

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引用次数: 0

Driving factors of CO2 emissions in South American countries: An application of Seemingly Unrelated Regression model 南美国家CO2排放的驱动因素：一个看似不相关回归模型的应用

Q1 Social Sciences

Regional Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsus.2024.100182

Gadir Bayramli , Turan Karimli

Carbon emissions have become a critical concern in the global effort to combat climate change, with each country or region contributing differently based on its economic structures, energy sources, and industrial activities. The factors influencing carbon emissions vary across countries and sectors. This study examined the factors influencing CO₂ emissions in the 7 South American countries including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. We used the Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model to analyse the relationship of CO₂ emissions with gross domestic product (GDP), renewable energy use, urbanization, industrialization, international tourism, agricultural productivity, and forest area based on data from 2000 to 2022. According to the SUR model, we found that GDP and industrialization had a moderate positive effect on CO₂ emissions, whereas renewable energy use had a moderate negative effect on CO₂ emissions. International tourism generally had a positive impact on CO₂ emissions, while forest area tended to decrease CO₂ emissions. Different variables had different effects on CO₂ emissions in the 7 South American countries. In Argentina and Venezuela, GDP, international tourism, and agricultural productivity significantly affected CO₂ emissions. In Colombia, GDP and international tourism had a negative impact on CO₂ emissions. In Brazil, CO₂ emissions were primarily driven by GDP, while in Chile, Ecuador, and Peru, international tourism had a negative effect on CO₂ emissions. Overall, this study highlights the importance of country-specific strategies for reducing CO₂ emissions and emphasizes the varying roles of these driving factors in shaping environmental quality in the 7 South American countries.

碳排放已成为全球应对气候变化努力中的一个关键问题，每个国家或地区根据其经济结构、能源来源和工业活动做出不同的贡献。影响碳排放的因素因国家和部门而异。本研究考察了影响阿根廷、巴西、智利、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁和委内瑞拉等7个南美国家二氧化碳排放的因素。基于2000 - 2022年的数据，采用看似不相关回归（SUR）模型分析了CO2排放与GDP、可再生能源使用、城市化、工业化、国际旅游、农业生产力和森林面积的关系。根据SUR模型，我们发现GDP和工业化对CO2排放有中等的正向影响，而可再生能源的使用对CO2排放有中等的负向影响。国际旅游总体上对CO2排放有正向影响，而森林面积有减少CO2排放的趋势。不同的变量对南美7国的二氧化碳排放有不同的影响。在阿根廷和委内瑞拉，国内生产总值、国际旅游业和农业生产率显著影响二氧化碳排放。在哥伦比亚，国内生产总值和国际旅游业对二氧化碳排放有负向影响。在巴西，二氧化碳排放主要由GDP驱动，而在智利、厄瓜多尔和秘鲁，国际旅游对二氧化碳排放有负向影响。总体而言，本研究强调了减少二氧化碳排放的具体国家战略的重要性，并强调了这些驱动因素在形成7个南美国家环境质量方面的不同作用。

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引用次数: 0

Application of Cellular Automata and Markov Chain model for urban green infrastructure in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 元胞自动机和马尔可夫链模型在马来西亚吉隆坡城市绿色基础设施中的应用

Q1 Social Sciences

Regional Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsus.2024.100179

Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri Kamran, Che Ros Faizah, Rambat Shuib

Kuala Lumpur of Malaysia, as a tropical city, has experienced a notable decline in its critical urban green infrastructure (UGI) due to rapid urbanization and haphazard development. The decrease of UGI, especially natural forest and artificial forest, may reduce the diversity of ecosystem services and the ability of Kuala Lumpur to build resilience in the future. This study analyzed land use and land cover (LULC) and UGI changes in Kuala Lumpur based on Landsat satellite images in 1990, 2005, and 2021and employed the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient to assess classification accuracy. LULC was categorized into six main types: natural forest, artificial forest, grassland, water body, bare ground, and built-up area. Satellite images in 1990, 2005, and 2021 showed the remarkable overall accuracy values of 91.06%, 96.67%, and 98.28%, respectively, along with the significant Kappa coefficient values of 0.8997, 0.9626, and 0.9512, respectively. Then, this study utilized Cellular Automata and Markov Chain model to analyze the transition of different LULC types during 1990–2005 and 1990–2021 and predict LULC types in 2050. The results showed that natural forest decreased from 15.22% to 8.20% and artificial forest reduced from 18.51% to 15.16% during 1990–2021. Reductions in natural forest and artificial forest led to alterations in urban surface water dynamics, increasing the risk of urban floods. However, grassland showed a significant increase from 7.80% to 24.30% during 1990–2021. Meanwhile, bare ground increased from 27.16% to 31.56% and built-up area increased from 30.45% to 39.90% during 1990–2005. In 2021, built-up area decreased to 35.10% and bare ground decreased to 13.08%, indicating a consistent dominance of built-up area in the central parts of Kuala Lumpur. This study highlights the importance of integrating past, current, and future LULC changes to improve urban ecosystem services in the city.

马来西亚吉隆坡作为一个热带城市，由于城市化的快速发展和无序发展，其关键的城市绿色基础设施（UGI）显著下降。UGI的减少，特别是天然林和人工林的减少，可能会降低生态系统服务的多样性和吉隆坡未来建立恢复力的能力。本研究基于1990年、2005年和2021年的Landsat卫星影像，分析了吉隆坡土地利用和土地覆盖（LULC）和UGI的变化，并采用总体精度和Kappa系数评价分类精度。LULC主要分为天然林、人工林、草地、水体、裸地和建成区6种类型。1990年、2005年和2021年卫星影像总体精度分别为91.06%、96.67%和98.28%，Kappa系数分别为0.8997、0.9626和0.9512。然后，利用元胞自动机和马尔可夫链模型分析了1990-2005年和1990-2021年不同LULC类型的转变，并预测了2050年的LULC类型。结果表明：1990-2021年间，天然林从15.22%减少到8.20%，人工林从18.51%减少到15.16%；天然林和人工林的减少导致城市地表水动态的变化，增加了城市洪水的风险。1990-2021年，草地比例从7.80%显著增加到24.30%。与此同时，光秃秃的土地面积从27.16%增加到31.56%，建成区面积从30.45%增加到39.90%。2021年，建成区面积下降到35.10%，裸地面积下降到13.08%，这表明吉隆坡中心地区的建成区一直占据主导地位。本研究强调了整合过去、现在和未来LULC变化对改善城市生态系统服务的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Livelihood vulnerability of indigenous people to climate change around the Kerinci Seblat National Park in Bengkulu, Indonesia 印度尼西亚明古鲁Kerinci Seblat国家公园周围土著人民生计对气候变化的脆弱性

Q1 Social Sciences

Regional Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsus.2024.100181

Septri Widiono , Ekawati Sri Wahyuni , Lala M. Kolopaking , Arif Satria

Indigenous people around the Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP), Indonesia, have a high dependence on forest resources as their main source of livelihood. This study addressed the vulnerability of Rejang indigenous people around the KSNP to climate change. The popular livelihood vulnerability index (LVI) model was adapted by adding and modifying subcomponents suitable for the study area. Primary data were collected through household surveys in two communities: Embong and Topos. In total, 146 samples were selected for this study using stratified random sampling. The results showed that Embong was more vulnerable to climate change than Topos. Embong exhibited a higher level of vulnerability to the effects of socio-demographic profile, social network, health, and natural disasters and climate variability, whereas Topos was more vulnerable to livelihood strategy, food, and water. Furthermore, Embong was more exposed to natural disasters and climate variability than Topos, but it demonstrated higher adaptive capacity and lower sensitivity than Topos. Nevertheless, socio-demographic profile influenced adaptive capacity in both communities. Sensitivity was influenced most by health in Embong, and sensitivity was influenced most by food in Topos. Although the vulnerability levels were not high in the two communities, several subcomponents must be specifically considered. Overall, this study can help the government make informed decisions to enhance adaptive capacity of the KSNP to climate change.

印度尼西亚Kerinci Seblat国家公园（KSNP）周围的土著居民高度依赖森林资源作为其主要生计来源。本研究探讨了KSNP周围reang土著居民对气候变化的脆弱性。对流行的生计脆弱性指数（LVI）模型进行了添加和修改，使之适合研究区。主要数据是通过在两个社区（Embong和Topos）进行住户调查收集的。本研究采用分层随机抽样，共选取146份样本。结果表明，恩峰比托波斯更容易受到气候变化的影响。恩奉在社会人口状况、社会网络、健康、自然灾害和气候变化的影响下表现出更高的脆弱性，而托波斯则更容易受到生计战略、食物和水的影响。Embong比Topos更容易受到自然灾害和气候变率的影响，但其适应能力高于Topos，敏感性低于Topos。然而，社会人口状况影响了两个社区的适应能力。Embong地区受健康因素影响最大，Topos地区受食物因素影响最大。虽然这两个社区的脆弱程度不高，但必须特别考虑几个子组成部分。总体而言，本研究可以帮助政府做出明智的决策，以提高KSNP对气候变化的适应能力。

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引用次数: 0

Relationship between drought and soil erosion based on the normalized differential water index (NDWI) and revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model 基于归一化差分水分指数（NDWI）和修正通用水土流失方程（RUSLE）模型的干旱与土壤侵蚀关系

Q1 Social Sciences

Regional Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsus.2024.100183

Muhammad Rendana , Wan Mohd Razi Idris , Febrinasti Alia , Supli Effendi Rahim , Muhammad Yamin , Muhammad Izzudin

The Langat River Basin in Malaysia is vulnerable to soil erosion risks because of its exposure to intensive land use activities and its topography, which primarily consists of steep slopes and mountainous areas. Furthermore, climate change frequently exposes this basin to drought, which negatively affects soil and water conservation. However, recent studies have rarely shown how soil reacts to drought, such as soil erosion. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between drought and soil erosion in the Langat River Basin. We analyzed drought indices using Landsat 8 satellite images in November 2021, and created the normalized differential water index (NDWI) via Landsat 8 data to produce a drought map. We used the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model to predict soil erosion. We verified an association between the NDWI and soil erosion data using a correlation analysis. The results revealed that the southern and northern regions of the study area experienced drought events. We predicted an average annual soil erosion of approximately 58.11 t/(hm²•a). Analysis of the association between the NDWI and soil erosion revealed a strong positive correlation, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.86. We assumed that the slope length and steepness factor was the primary contributor to soil erosion in the study area. As a result, these findings can help authorities plan effective measures to reduce the impacts of drought and soil erosion in the future.

马来西亚的兰加特河流域容易受到土壤侵蚀的风险，因为它暴露在集约土地利用活动中，而且它的地形主要由陡坡和山区组成。此外，气候变化经常使该流域遭受干旱，这对水土保持产生了不利影响。然而，最近的研究很少显示土壤对干旱的反应，例如土壤侵蚀。因此，本研究的目的是评估朗加特河流域干旱与土壤侵蚀的关系。利用2021年11月的Landsat 8卫星图像分析干旱指数，并利用Landsat 8数据建立归一化差水指数（NDWI），生成干旱图。我们使用修正的通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE）模型来预测土壤侵蚀。我们使用相关分析验证了NDWI与土壤侵蚀数据之间的关联。结果表明，研究区南部和北部地区经历了干旱事件。我们预测年均土壤侵蚀约为58.11 t/（hm2•a）。NDWI与土壤侵蚀呈显著正相关，Pearson相关系数为0.86。我们认为坡长和坡度因子是研究区土壤侵蚀的主要影响因子。因此，这些发现可以帮助当局制定有效的措施，以减少未来干旱和土壤侵蚀的影响。

{"title":"Relationship between drought and soil erosion based on the normalized differential water index (NDWI) and revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model","authors":"Muhammad Rendana , Wan Mohd Razi Idris , Febrinasti Alia , Supli Effendi Rahim , Muhammad Yamin , Muhammad Izzudin","doi":"10.1016/j.regsus.2024.100183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.regsus.2024.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Langat River Basin in Malaysia is vulnerable to soil erosion risks because of its exposure to intensive land use activities and its topography, which primarily consists of steep slopes and mountainous areas. Furthermore, climate change frequently exposes this basin to drought, which negatively affects soil and water conservation. However, recent studies have rarely shown how soil reacts to drought, such as soil erosion. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between drought and soil erosion in the Langat River Basin. We analyzed drought indices using Landsat 8 satellite images in November 2021, and created the normalized differential water index (NDWI) via Landsat 8 data to produce a drought map. We used the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model to predict soil erosion. We verified an association between the NDWI and soil erosion data using a correlation analysis. The results revealed that the southern and northern regions of the study area experienced drought events. We predicted an average annual soil erosion of approximately 58.11 t/(hm<sup>2</sup>•a). Analysis of the association between the NDWI and soil erosion revealed a strong positive correlation, with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.86. We assumed that the slope length and steepness factor was the primary contributor to soil erosion in the study area. As a result, these findings can help authorities plan effective measures to reduce the impacts of drought and soil erosion in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34395,"journal":{"name":"Regional Sustainability","volume":"5 4","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of geopolitical risk, GDP, inflation, interest rate, and trade openness on foreign direct investment: Evidence from five Southeast Asian countries 地缘政治风险、GDP、通货膨胀、利率和贸易开放对外国直接投资的影响：来自东南亚五国的证据

Q1 Social Sciences

Regional Sustainability

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.regsus.2024.100177

Md. Shaddam Hossain, Liton Chandra Voumik, Tahsin Tabassum Ahmed, Mehnaz Binta Alam, Zabin Tasmim

Historically, geopolitical risk (GPR) has posed significant challenges to international economic, social, and political frameworks. This study investigated how internal GPR in the selected five Southeast Asian countries (Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand) influences foreign direct investment (FDI) during 1996–2019. The stationarity of the data was assessed using the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test, which shows that the data became stationary after the first difference. The Kao, Pedroni, and Westerlund cointegration tests were employed to examine long-term cointegration among the selected variables (FDI, GPR index (GPRI), gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, interest rate, and trade openness (TOP)). The results indicated that these variables have a long-term cointegration. Consequently, regression analysis using the Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, fixed effect, random effect, Arellano-Bond dynamic panel-data estimation, and system generalized moment method (GMM) revealed that GPRI and TOP negatively impacted FDI in the selected five Southeast Asian countries. At the same time, GDP, inflation, and interest rate positively influenced FDI in these countries. Because FDI is crucial to shaping a country’s macroeconomic structure, this study recommends that governments and central banks of the selected five Southeast Asian countries should implement policies and strategies to encourage foreign investments.

历史上，地缘政治风险（GPR）对国际经济、社会和政治框架构成了重大挑战。本研究调查了1996-2019年期间选定的五个东南亚国家（印度尼西亚、韩国、马来西亚、菲律宾和泰国）的内部GPR如何影响外国直接投资（FDI）。采用增广Dickey-Fuller （ADF）单位根检验对数据的平稳性进行了评估，结果表明，在第一次差分后，数据变得平稳。采用Kao、Pedroni和Westerlund协整检验来检验所选变量（FDI、GPR指数（GPRI）、国内生产总值（GDP）、通货膨胀、利率和贸易开放度（TOP））之间的长期协整关系。结果表明，这些变量具有长期的协整性。因此，采用OLS回归、固定效应、随机效应、Arellano-Bond动态面板数据估计和系统广义矩法（GMM）进行回归分析发现，GPRI和TOP对所选的五个东南亚国家的FDI产生了负面影响。同时，GDP、通货膨胀和利率对这些国家的FDI也有正向影响。由于外国直接投资对塑造一个国家的宏观经济结构至关重要，本研究建议选定的五个东南亚国家的政府和中央银行应实施鼓励外国投资的政策和战略。

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引用次数: 0