Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102221
Xinyi Lyu , Pu Hong , Meiyu Guo , Yuanyuan Zhou
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing but face challenges of lead management and limited operational lifetimes. This work reviews the material, device, and process characteristics that enable efficient recycling of PSCs. We summarize technoeconomic analysis and life cycle assessments that demonstrate substantial reductions in cost and environmental impacts through multi-round material recovery and compare recycling pathways across device architectures and functional layers. We further discuss practical barriers to scaling laboratory methods to industrial systems, including solvent management and regulatory compliance, and highlight emerging strategies such as design for recycling, automation, and data-driven process optimization. These insights illustrate how closed-loop recycling can support the sustainable deployment of PSC technology and advance a circular photovoltaic economy.
{"title":"Recycling of perovskite solar cells","authors":"Xinyi Lyu , Pu Hong , Meiyu Guo , Yuanyuan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing but face challenges of lead management and limited operational lifetimes. This work reviews the material, device, and process characteristics that enable efficient recycling of PSCs. We summarize technoeconomic analysis and life cycle assessments that demonstrate substantial reductions in cost and environmental impacts through multi-round material recovery and compare recycling pathways across device architectures and functional layers. We further discuss practical barriers to scaling laboratory methods to industrial systems, including solvent management and regulatory compliance, and highlight emerging strategies such as design for recycling, automation, and data-driven process optimization. These insights illustrate how closed-loop recycling can support the sustainable deployment of PSC technology and advance a circular photovoltaic economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 102221"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102231
Haojiang Du , Weiming Lu , Xinrui An , Sheshicheng Chen , Zunke Liu , Shicheng Guo , Xun Fan , Mingming Zhang , Shaojian Fu , Wei Liu , Jing Qiu , Chuanxiao Xiao , Zhiqin Ying , Xi Yang , Zhenhai Yang , Yuheng Zeng , Jichun Ye
Tunnel oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) solar cells (SCs) have emerged as the dominant crystalline silicon technology in the photovoltaic industry. However, further improving efficiency while simultaneously reducing silver consumption for TOPCon SCs remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose a synergistic strategy integrating high-precision steel-stencil printing technology and a local polysilicon contact design, achieving a certified efficiency of 26.09% on industrial-grade M10 silicon wafers. Specifically, transitioning from conventional screen printing to steel-stencil printing enables the fabrication of ultra-narrow fingers and a substantial reduction in silver consumption. The optimized silver paste formulation facilitates the formation of densely packed silver nanoparticles at the silver/silicon interface, resulting in lower contact resistivity. Additionally, our laser-patterned local polysilicon contact design effectively optimizes the trade-off between carrier transport and parasitic absorption losses while achieving high bifaciality (∼90%) that is beneficial for practical energy yield.
{"title":"Steel-stencil printing and local polysilicon contacts enable 26.09%-efficient industrial-grade tunnel oxide passivating contact solar cells","authors":"Haojiang Du , Weiming Lu , Xinrui An , Sheshicheng Chen , Zunke Liu , Shicheng Guo , Xun Fan , Mingming Zhang , Shaojian Fu , Wei Liu , Jing Qiu , Chuanxiao Xiao , Zhiqin Ying , Xi Yang , Zhenhai Yang , Yuheng Zeng , Jichun Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunnel oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) solar cells (SCs) have emerged as the dominant crystalline silicon technology in the photovoltaic industry. However, further improving efficiency while simultaneously reducing silver consumption for TOPCon SCs remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose a synergistic strategy integrating high-precision steel-stencil printing technology and a local polysilicon contact design, achieving a certified efficiency of 26.09% on industrial-grade M10 silicon wafers. Specifically, transitioning from conventional screen printing to steel-stencil printing enables the fabrication of ultra-narrow fingers and a substantial reduction in silver consumption. The optimized silver paste formulation facilitates the formation of densely packed silver nanoparticles at the silver/silicon interface, resulting in lower contact resistivity. Additionally, our laser-patterned local polysilicon contact design effectively optimizes the trade-off between carrier transport and parasitic absorption losses while achieving high bifaciality (∼90%) that is beneficial for practical energy yield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 102231"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102229
Yucen Yan , Zhangyi Xu , Gui Luo , Duo Deng , Wenjie Peng , Zhixing Wang , Wang Hay Kan , Odiljon Abdurakhmonov , Utkirjon Sharopov , Yiman Feng , Guochun Yan , Huajun Guo , Hui Duan , Guangchao Li , Xinhai Li , Xing Ou , Junchao Zheng , Jiexi Wang
Improving electric vehicle range and safety is a key focus in new energy research. Nickel (Ni)-rich cathodes (≥200 mA h g−1) are vital for next-generation high-energy lithium (Li)-ion batteries, but their widespread use in polycrystalline forms is hindered by microcracks, irreversible phase transitions, and lattice oxygen release. This study successfully synthesizes single-crystal, low-cobalt, ultrahigh-Ni cathode materials (C-Ni95), which exhibit exceptional cycling stability stemming from an optimized distribution of cobalt element. Particularly, the cobalt surface gradient doping structure plays a crucial role in enhancing the interfacial transport of Li ions, mitigating volume expansion/contraction, stabilizing the crystal structure, and suppressing harmful parasitic side reactions. Consequently, a high-loading C-Ni95 pouch cell (28.2 mg cm−²) retains 85.1% capacity after 800 cycles. Moreover, boron injection further improves performance, achieving 87.1% retention after 2,000 cycles. This work offers an effective strategy for the practical synthesis and interfacial modification of high-performance Ni-rich, cobalt-free, single-crystal cathodes.
提高电动汽车的续航里程和安全性是新能源研究的重点。富镍阴极（≥200 mA h g−1）对于下一代高能锂离子电池至关重要，但其在多晶形式中的广泛应用受到微裂纹、不可逆相变和晶格氧释放的阻碍。本研究成功合成了单晶、低钴、超高镍阴极材料（C-Ni95），该材料由于钴元素的优化分布而表现出优异的循环稳定性。特别是钴表面梯度掺杂结构在增强Li离子的界面输运、减轻体积膨胀/收缩、稳定晶体结构、抑制有害寄生副反应等方面起着至关重要的作用。因此，高负载C-Ni95袋电池（28.2 mg cm−²）在800次循环后保持85.1%的容量。此外，注入硼进一步提高了性能，在2000次循环后，保留率达到87.1%。这项工作为高性能富镍无钴单晶阴极的实际合成和界面改性提供了一种有效的策略。
{"title":"Tailoring cobalt gradient distribution toward practical Ni95 cathode for high-energy-density lithium-ion battery","authors":"Yucen Yan , Zhangyi Xu , Gui Luo , Duo Deng , Wenjie Peng , Zhixing Wang , Wang Hay Kan , Odiljon Abdurakhmonov , Utkirjon Sharopov , Yiman Feng , Guochun Yan , Huajun Guo , Hui Duan , Guangchao Li , Xinhai Li , Xing Ou , Junchao Zheng , Jiexi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving electric vehicle range and safety is a key focus in new energy research. Nickel (Ni)-rich cathodes (≥200 mA h g<sup>−1</sup>) are vital for next-generation high-energy lithium (Li)-ion batteries, but their widespread use in polycrystalline forms is hindered by microcracks, irreversible phase transitions, and lattice oxygen release. This study successfully synthesizes single-crystal, low-cobalt, ultrahigh-Ni cathode materials (C-Ni95), which exhibit exceptional cycling stability stemming from an optimized distribution of cobalt element. Particularly, the cobalt surface gradient doping structure plays a crucial role in enhancing the interfacial transport of Li ions, mitigating volume expansion/contraction, stabilizing the crystal structure, and suppressing harmful parasitic side reactions. Consequently, a high-loading C-Ni95 pouch cell (28.2 mg cm<sup>−</sup>²) retains 85.1% capacity after 800 cycles. Moreover, boron injection further improves performance, achieving 87.1% retention after 2,000 cycles. This work offers an effective strategy for the practical synthesis and interfacial modification of high-performance Ni-rich, cobalt-free, single-crystal cathodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 102229"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102223
Alessandro Bellucci , Marco Girolami , Matteo Mastellone , Alessio Mezzi , Valerio Serpente , Stefano Orlando , Antonio Santagata , Riccardo Polini , Abraham Kribus , Daniele M. Trucchi
Efficient high-temperature solar cells are feasible through the photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) mechanism. The development of defect-engineered black-diamond layers, combined with micro-graphitized electrodes fabricated within p-type/intrinsic structures, represents the key technology for sunlight interaction of 0.3-eV electron-affinity PETE diamond cathodes, characterized by excellent electron emission. The resulting PETE converters demonstrate energy generation under concentrated radiation. At operating temperatures ranging from 600 to 900 K, the PETE operational regime is revealed, whereas photoemission and thermionic emission are found to be predominant at lower and higher temperatures, respectively. Cathode thickness emerges as the primary factor limiting the present performance of black-diamond technology. The generation-recombination analytical model applied to the device allows predicting a quantum efficiency of 30.3% for a 300-nm-thick black-diamond cathode operating at 700 K, today attainable with advanced diamond membrane technologies, and a solar-to-electric conversion efficiency of 14.5% for the resulting PETE converter.
{"title":"Demonstrating black-diamond-based high-temperature solar cells","authors":"Alessandro Bellucci , Marco Girolami , Matteo Mastellone , Alessio Mezzi , Valerio Serpente , Stefano Orlando , Antonio Santagata , Riccardo Polini , Abraham Kribus , Daniele M. Trucchi","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient high-temperature solar cells are feasible through the photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) mechanism. The development of defect-engineered black-diamond layers, combined with micro-graphitized electrodes fabricated within p-type/intrinsic structures, represents the key technology for sunlight interaction of 0.3-eV electron-affinity PETE diamond cathodes, characterized by excellent electron emission. The resulting PETE converters demonstrate energy generation under concentrated radiation. At operating temperatures ranging from 600 to 900 K, the PETE operational regime is revealed, whereas photoemission and thermionic emission are found to be predominant at lower and higher temperatures, respectively. Cathode thickness emerges as the primary factor limiting the present performance of black-diamond technology. The generation-recombination analytical model applied to the device allows predicting a quantum efficiency of 30.3% for a 300-nm-thick black-diamond cathode operating at 700 K, today attainable with advanced diamond membrane technologies, and a solar-to-electric conversion efficiency of 14.5% for the resulting PETE converter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 102223"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102225
Jing Zhang , Yu Meng , An-Ping Wu , Chengkai Jin , Peng-Xiang Hou , Weidong Xu , Dimitar I. Kutsarov , Zhiheng Wu , Dongtao Liu , Yonglong Shen , Samuel D. Stranks , Guosheng Shao , Sai Bai , Tongle Bu , Hui-Ming Cheng , S. Ravi P. Silva , Wei Zhang
Flexible perovskite solar modules (f-PSMs) represent a pivotal innovation in current renewable energy technologies, offering a pathway toward sustainable and efficient energy solutions. However, achieving operational stability without compromising efficiency or escalating material costs remains a critical challenge. This study explores the application of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as window electrodes in fabricating scalable f-PSMs, achieving a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) surpassing 20%. The exceptional stability of SWCNT films enables the resultant f-PSMs to withstand various external stresses while maintaining high performance. Simulating real-world conditions, including day/night cycles, SWCNT-based f-PSMs exhibit superior stability compared with conventional counterparts employing indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. By replacing scarce and costly ITO with readily available alternatives, this work underscores the potential of SWCNTs to enhance both the sustainability and scalability of flexible solar technologies. These findings bridge the gap between laboratory research and practical manufacturable applications, advancing the commercialization of flexible photovoltaics.
{"title":"Integrating SWCNT to bridge the stability divide in scalable and manufacturable flexible perovskite solar modules","authors":"Jing Zhang , Yu Meng , An-Ping Wu , Chengkai Jin , Peng-Xiang Hou , Weidong Xu , Dimitar I. Kutsarov , Zhiheng Wu , Dongtao Liu , Yonglong Shen , Samuel D. Stranks , Guosheng Shao , Sai Bai , Tongle Bu , Hui-Ming Cheng , S. Ravi P. Silva , Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible perovskite solar modules (f-PSMs) represent a pivotal innovation in current renewable energy technologies, offering a pathway toward sustainable and efficient energy solutions. However, achieving operational stability without compromising efficiency or escalating material costs remains a critical challenge. This study explores the application of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as window electrodes in fabricating scalable f-PSMs, achieving a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) surpassing 20%. The exceptional stability of SWCNT films enables the resultant f-PSMs to withstand various external stresses while maintaining high performance. Simulating real-world conditions, including day/night cycles, SWCNT-based f-PSMs exhibit superior stability compared with conventional counterparts employing indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. By replacing scarce and costly ITO with readily available alternatives, this work underscores the potential of SWCNTs to enhance both the sustainability and scalability of flexible solar technologies. These findings bridge the gap between laboratory research and practical manufacturable applications, advancing the commercialization of flexible photovoltaics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 102225"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102277
Joel A. Paulson , Madhav Muthyala , You Peng
In a recent Nature article, Zhang et al. describe CRESt, a multimodal AI copilot that, when integrated with a robotic electrochemistry platform, explored more than 900 catalyst chemistries in 3 months and discovered an octonary catalyst with a 9.3-fold improvement in cost-specific performance for formate oxidation.
{"title":"Toward multimodal AI copilots for self-driving electrochemical labs","authors":"Joel A. Paulson , Madhav Muthyala , You Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a recent <em>Nature</em> article, Zhang et al. describe CRESt, a multimodal AI copilot that, when integrated with a robotic electrochemistry platform, explored more than 900 catalyst chemistries in 3 months and discovered an octonary catalyst with a 9.3-fold improvement in cost-specific performance for formate oxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 102277"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146006725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102265
Elizabeth Dach, Juliana Marston, Sara Abu-Obaid, Allison Peng, Ngai Yin Yip
{"title":"A novel approach for direct lithium extraction from alkali metal cations in brine mixtures using thermally switchable solvents","authors":"Elizabeth Dach, Juliana Marston, Sara Abu-Obaid, Allison Peng, Ngai Yin Yip","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2025.102265","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146014742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102219
Dong Guo , Simil Thomas , Zixiong Shi , Yongjiu Lei , Zhiming Zhao , Yaping Zhang , Christian G. Canlas , Fangwang Ming , Jehad K. El-Demellawi , Mohamed Nejib Hedhili , Yunpei Zhu , Omar F. Mohammed , Osman M. Bakr , Husam N. Alshareef
High-voltage additives play a crucial role in stabilizing high-energy alkali metal batteries. However, the prevailing additives, typically strongly solvating solvents (e.g., esters, sulfones, and nitriles), face challenges in simultaneously stabilizing highly reactive metal anodes and high-voltage cathodes. Here, we introduce a new concept in additive design by proposing non-solvating additives (NSAs), which selectively solvate anions while barely coordinating to cations. This “anti-solvation” effect brings notable improvement in antioxidation and kinetic enrichment of NSAs at the cathode during charging while preserving high-quality metal deposition. A model electrolyte demonstrates exceptional resilience against high-voltage Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF3) cathode and Na anode, as evidenced by the decent shelf-storage Coulombic efficiency for Na||Cu after 100 days and capacity retention for Na||NVPF3 after aging for 60 days. This paradigm shift from strongly solvating additives to NSAs suggests that, by prioritizing kinetic anion-additive distribution over traditional cationic solvation-centric approaches/anion aggregates, interfacial stability of opposing electrodes can be simultaneously obtained.
{"title":"Non-solvating additives for high-voltage sodium metal batteries","authors":"Dong Guo , Simil Thomas , Zixiong Shi , Yongjiu Lei , Zhiming Zhao , Yaping Zhang , Christian G. Canlas , Fangwang Ming , Jehad K. El-Demellawi , Mohamed Nejib Hedhili , Yunpei Zhu , Omar F. Mohammed , Osman M. Bakr , Husam N. Alshareef","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-voltage additives play a crucial role in stabilizing high-energy alkali metal batteries. However, the prevailing additives, typically strongly solvating solvents (e.g., esters, sulfones, and nitriles), face challenges in simultaneously stabilizing highly reactive metal anodes and high-voltage cathodes. Here, we introduce a new concept in additive design by proposing non-solvating additives (NSAs), which selectively solvate anions while barely coordinating to cations. This “anti-solvation” effect brings notable improvement in antioxidation and kinetic enrichment of NSAs at the cathode during charging while preserving high-quality metal deposition. A model electrolyte demonstrates exceptional resilience against high-voltage Na<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>F<sub>3</sub> (NVPF<sub>3</sub>) cathode and Na anode, as evidenced by the decent shelf-storage Coulombic efficiency for Na||Cu after 100 days and capacity retention for Na||NVPF<sub>3</sub> after aging for 60 days. This paradigm shift from strongly solvating additives to NSAs suggests that, by prioritizing kinetic anion-additive distribution over traditional cationic solvation-centric approaches/anion aggregates, interfacial stability of opposing electrodes can be simultaneously obtained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 102219"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145650939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102215
Junfeng Zhang , Runfei Yue , Kaihan Yang , Xinyi Cao , Yang Xiao , Shan Guan , Kaijia Yang , Lianqin Wang , Haifeng Liu , Yan Yin , Michael D. Guiver
Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are essential in hydrogen-electrical energy interconversion systems. Despite decades of progress with conventional polymer-based IEMs, their practical use is limited due to inherent challenges such as chemical and mechanical degradation during operation, sensitivity to water/temperature fluctuations, and high manufacturing costs. These challenges highlight the urgent need for innovative IEMs. Recently, numerous framework materials have been developed for ion conduction, showing remarkable performance. This review examines covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), exploring their ion transport mechanisms, properties, membrane fabrication methods, and applications in practical devices. It also summarizes their performance as ionomers in electrode design. However, key challenges persist, including membrane fabrication techniques, limited practicability, and long-term stability validation. This review is dedicated to providing guidance for the practical application of framework-based IEMs, aiming to foster greater innovation.
{"title":"Ion-exchange membranes based on framework materials for hydrogen-electrical energy interconversion","authors":"Junfeng Zhang , Runfei Yue , Kaihan Yang , Xinyi Cao , Yang Xiao , Shan Guan , Kaijia Yang , Lianqin Wang , Haifeng Liu , Yan Yin , Michael D. Guiver","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are essential in hydrogen-electrical energy interconversion systems. Despite decades of progress with conventional polymer-based IEMs, their practical use is limited due to inherent challenges such as chemical and mechanical degradation during operation, sensitivity to water/temperature fluctuations, and high manufacturing costs. These challenges highlight the urgent need for innovative IEMs. Recently, numerous framework materials have been developed for ion conduction, showing remarkable performance. This review examines covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), exploring their ion transport mechanisms, properties, membrane fabrication methods, and applications in practical devices. It also summarizes their performance as ionomers in electrode design. However, key challenges persist, including membrane fabrication techniques, limited practicability, and long-term stability validation. This review is dedicated to providing guidance for the practical application of framework-based IEMs, aiming to foster greater innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 102215"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145657952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2025.102232
Zikang Yu , Chenjie Gan , Siyuan Song , Pradeep Guduru , Kyung-Suk Kim , Brian W. Sheldon
Lithium dendrite penetration remains a critical challenge for solid-state batteries. In this study, we provide direct experimental evidence that compressive residual stress alone, without any chemical modification, can suppress lithium dendrite propagation and improve electrochemical performance. These stresses were generated by imposing sustained through-thickness thermal gradients across Li₆.₄La₃Zr₁.₅Ta₀.₅O₁₂ (LLZTO), leading to a consistent 3-fold increase in critical current density (CCD) compared with respective isothermal controls. The magnitude of the generated stresses in the solid electrolyte was independently verified through strain-gauge and optical curvature measurements. Finite element analysis (FEA) was also conducted to interpret these stress results and to provide a broader analysis of the relationship between compressive stress and dendrite suppression. Together, these results isolate mechanical contributions of residual compressive stress as a dominant factor in dendrite resistance, establishing a mechanically driven strategy for stress engineering in solid-state batteries and providing a general design principle for robust, dendrite-free operation.
{"title":"Dendrite suppression in garnet electrolytes via thermally induced compressive stress","authors":"Zikang Yu , Chenjie Gan , Siyuan Song , Pradeep Guduru , Kyung-Suk Kim , Brian W. Sheldon","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2025.102232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium dendrite penetration remains a critical challenge for solid-state batteries. In this study, we provide direct experimental evidence that compressive residual stress alone, without any chemical modification, can suppress lithium dendrite propagation and improve electrochemical performance. These stresses were generated by imposing sustained through-thickness thermal gradients across Li₆.₄La₃Zr₁.₅Ta₀.₅O₁₂ (LLZTO), leading to a consistent 3-fold increase in critical current density (CCD) compared with respective isothermal controls. The magnitude of the generated stresses in the solid electrolyte was independently verified through strain-gauge and optical curvature measurements. Finite element analysis (FEA) was also conducted to interpret these stress results and to provide a broader analysis of the relationship between compressive stress and dendrite suppression. Together, these results isolate mechanical contributions of residual compressive stress as a dominant factor in dendrite resistance, establishing a mechanically driven strategy for stress engineering in solid-state batteries and providing a general design principle for robust, dendrite-free operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"10 1","pages":"Article 102232"},"PeriodicalIF":35.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145759485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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