The war in Ukraine has caused massive destruction of the country’s infrastructure, particularly its electricity system. Discussions on how to rebuild the system are underway within the country and the international community. Yet, major uncertainties about patterns of destruction and rebuilding potential complicate this task. Here, we present the first comprehensive and geo-spatial mapping of the Ukrainian electricity system and its destruction during the ongoing war. We find that virtually all large, centralized power plants have been attacked since February 2022, reducing overall generation capacity to roughly a third of before-war levels and substantially weakening the grid via attacks on transmission lines and substations, particularly in the east. We argue that any effort to rebuild the electricity system should meet four criteria: fast rebuilding, increased resilience, lowered fuel import dependence, and abatement of polluting emissions. Based on an estimation of the country’s wind and solar potential, we argue that these renewables should form the backbone of a future electricity system, as only they meet all four criteria, and we discuss how Ukrainian and international policymakers can facilitate and direct investment.
{"title":"Why renewables should be at the center of rebuilding the Ukrainian electricity system","authors":"Iryna Doronina , Marie-Louise Arlt , Marcelo Galleguillos Torres , Vasyl Doronin , Adrienne Grêt-Regamey , Tobias S. Schmidt , Florian Egli","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.08.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The war in Ukraine has caused massive destruction of the country’s infrastructure, particularly its electricity system. Discussions on how to rebuild the system are underway within the country and the international community. Yet, major uncertainties about patterns of destruction and rebuilding potential complicate this task. Here, we present the first comprehensive and geo-spatial mapping of the Ukrainian electricity system and its destruction during the ongoing war. We find that virtually all large, centralized power plants have been attacked since February 2022, reducing overall generation capacity to roughly a third of before-war levels and substantially weakening the grid via attacks on transmission lines and substations, particularly in the east. We argue that any effort to rebuild the electricity system should meet four criteria: fast rebuilding, increased resilience, lowered fuel import dependence, and abatement of polluting emissions. Based on an estimation of the country’s wind and solar potential, we argue that these renewables should form the backbone of a future electricity system, as only they meet all four criteria, and we discuss how Ukrainian and international policymakers can facilitate and direct investment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 10","pages":"Pages 2715-2720"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142237193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.005
John Bistline , Morgan Browning , Julianne DeAngelo , Daniel Huppmann , Ryan Jones , James McFarland , Anahi Molar-Cruz , Steven Rose , Steven J. Davis
Decarbonization scenario ensembles are increasingly used for policy design, company strategy, and stakeholder engagement. However, the limitations of these scenarios may not be adequately understood. We summarize the uses and challenges with applying decarbonization scenarios to inform policy and planning decisions by using a novel database of U.S. net-zero CO2 emissions scenarios. Models agree that power sector emissions reductions, wind and solar deployment, end-use electrification, energy efficiency, and carbon removal help to reach economy-wide net-zero emissions; however, there is considerable variation in these changes, which may not be reflected in current third-party guidance or international pledges. We show how there is more regional variation in decarbonization pathways than national modeling indicates. The analysis also compares U.S. national scenarios with corresponding U.S. results from global models and finds that models can vary widely in their sectoral emissions reductions, use of carbon removal, and renewables deployment.
{"title":"Uses and limits of national decarbonization scenarios to inform net-zero transitions","authors":"John Bistline , Morgan Browning , Julianne DeAngelo , Daniel Huppmann , Ryan Jones , James McFarland , Anahi Molar-Cruz , Steven Rose , Steven J. Davis","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decarbonization scenario ensembles are increasingly used for policy design, company strategy, and stakeholder engagement. However, the limitations of these scenarios may not be adequately understood. We summarize the uses and challenges with applying decarbonization scenarios to inform policy and planning decisions by using a novel database of U.S. net-zero CO<sub>2</sub> emissions scenarios. Models agree that power sector emissions reductions, wind and solar deployment, end-use electrification, energy efficiency, and carbon removal help to reach economy-wide net-zero emissions; however, there is considerable variation in these changes, which may not be reflected in current third-party guidance or international pledges. We show how there is more regional variation in decarbonization pathways than national modeling indicates. The analysis also compares U.S. national scenarios with corresponding U.S. results from global models and finds that models can vary widely in their sectoral emissions reductions, use of carbon removal, and renewables deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 10","pages":"Pages 2721-2726"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142383715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.006
Bei-Er Jia , Qingyu Yan
Alloy-type anodes offer high capacities but slow reaction rates, limiting the fast-charging performance of batteries. Recently, in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, Duan et al. introduced heteroatom doping to catalyze the lithiation/delithiation process. This discovery holds promise for the development of next-generation high-power, high-energy-density batteries.
{"title":"Solid-state catalysis for alloy anodes","authors":"Bei-Er Jia , Qingyu Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alloy-type anodes offer high capacities but slow reaction rates, limiting the fast-charging performance of batteries. Recently, in the <em>Journal of the American Chemical Society</em>, Duan et al. introduced heteroatom doping to catalyze the lithiation/delithiation process. This discovery holds promise for the development of next-generation high-power, high-energy-density batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 10","pages":"Pages 2732-2734"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.001
Laura L. Driscoll , Abbey Jarvis , Rosie Madge , Elizabeth H. Driscoll , Jaime-Marie Price , Rob Sommerville , Felipe Schnaider Tontini , Mounib Bahri , Milon Miah , B. Layla Mehdi , Emma Kendrick , Nigel D. Browning , Phoebe K. Allan , Paul A. Anderson , Peter R. Slater
Large-scale recycling and regeneration of lithium-ion cathode materials is hindered by the complex mixture of chemistries often present in the waste stream. We outline an efficient process for the separation and regeneration of phases within a blended cathode. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach using cathode material from a Nissan Leaf end-of-life (40,000 miles) cell. Exploiting the different stabilities of transition metals in acidic media, we demonstrate that ascorbic acid selectively leaches low-value spinel electrode material (LiMn2O4) from mixed cathode electrode (LiMn2O4/layered Ni-rich oxide) in minutes, allowing both phases to be effectively recovered separately. This process facilitates upcycling of the Li/Mn content from the resultant leachate solution into higher-value LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) phases, whereas the remaining nickel-rich layered oxide can then be directly regenerated. The method has been extended to other mixtures, with preliminary results illustrating the successful selective leaching of a sodium-ion cathode from a mixture with NMC811.
{"title":"Phase-selective recovery and regeneration of end-of-life electric vehicle blended cathodes via selective leaching and direct recycling","authors":"Laura L. Driscoll , Abbey Jarvis , Rosie Madge , Elizabeth H. Driscoll , Jaime-Marie Price , Rob Sommerville , Felipe Schnaider Tontini , Mounib Bahri , Milon Miah , B. Layla Mehdi , Emma Kendrick , Nigel D. Browning , Phoebe K. Allan , Paul A. Anderson , Peter R. Slater","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale recycling and regeneration of lithium-ion cathode materials is hindered by the complex mixture of chemistries often present in the waste stream. We outline an efficient process for the separation and regeneration of phases within a blended cathode. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach using cathode material from a Nissan Leaf end-of-life (40,000 miles) cell. Exploiting the different stabilities of transition metals in acidic media, we demonstrate that ascorbic acid selectively leaches low-value spinel electrode material (LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) from mixed cathode electrode (LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/layered Ni-rich oxide) in minutes, allowing both phases to be effectively recovered separately. This process facilitates upcycling of the Li/Mn content from the resultant leachate solution into higher-value LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>y</sub>Co<sub>z</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC) phases, whereas the remaining nickel-rich layered oxide can then be directly regenerated. The method has been extended to other mixtures, with preliminary results illustrating the successful selective leaching of a sodium-ion cathode from a mixture with NMC811.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 10","pages":"Pages 2735-2754"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141794976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.06.015
Zhiliang Liu , Zhijun Xiong , Shaofei Yang , Ke Fan , Long Jiang , Yuliang Mao , Chaochao Qin , Sibo Li , Longbin Qiu , Jie Zhang , Francis R. Lin , Linfeng Fei , Yong Hua , Jia Yao , Cao Yu , Jian Zhou , Yimu Chen , Hong Zhang , Haitao Huang , Alex K.-Y. Jen , Kai Yao
Integrating metal-halide perovskites with the industrially textured Czochralski silicon for perovskite/silicon tandem cells shows great promise for low-cost manufacturing and ideal light trapping. However, the conformal growth of high-quality perovskite film on fully textured silicon remains challenging due to the lack of effective regulation of structural evolution and residual strains. Here, we report a strain regulation strategy by forming a 3D/3D perovskite heterojunction at the buried interface through a vacuum-deposition method applicable to pyramidal texture. By tailoring the composition of buried buffer 3D perovskite, a controllable compressive strain is applied to the upper photoactive 3D perovskite, alleviating its residual tensile stress. We demonstrate that this strained heterostructure promotes the preferred crystal growth, reduces interfacial defect-induced recombination, and facilitates charge extraction. As a result, the fully textured perovskite/silicon tandem cell achieves a certified steady-state efficiency of 31.5% and retains over 95% of its initial efficiency after 800 h of continuous operation.
{"title":"Strained heterojunction enables high-performance, fully textured perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells","authors":"Zhiliang Liu , Zhijun Xiong , Shaofei Yang , Ke Fan , Long Jiang , Yuliang Mao , Chaochao Qin , Sibo Li , Longbin Qiu , Jie Zhang , Francis R. Lin , Linfeng Fei , Yong Hua , Jia Yao , Cao Yu , Jian Zhou , Yimu Chen , Hong Zhang , Haitao Huang , Alex K.-Y. Jen , Kai Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.06.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.06.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span><span>Integrating metal-halide perovskites with the industrially textured Czochralski </span>silicon<span><span> for perovskite/silicon tandem cells shows great promise for low-cost manufacturing and ideal light trapping. However, the conformal growth of high-quality perovskite film on fully textured silicon remains challenging due to the lack of effective regulation of structural evolution and </span>residual strains. Here, we report a strain regulation strategy by forming a 3D/3D perovskite </span></span>heterojunction at the buried interface through a vacuum-deposition method applicable to pyramidal texture. By tailoring the composition of buried buffer 3D perovskite, a controllable </span>compressive strain<span> is applied to the upper photoactive 3D perovskite, alleviating its residual tensile stress<span>. We demonstrate that this strained heterostructure promotes the preferred crystal growth, reduces interfacial defect-induced recombination, and facilitates charge extraction. As a result, the fully textured perovskite/silicon tandem cell achieves a certified steady-state efficiency of 31.5% and retains over 95% of its initial efficiency after 800 h of continuous operation.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 10","pages":"Pages 2834-2850"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141618425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.008
Jianhua Han , Han Xu , Anirudh Sharma , Maxime Babics , Jules Bertrandie , Xunchang Wang , Luis Huerta Hernandez , Yongcao Zhang , Yuanfan Wen , Diego Rosas Villalva , Nicolas Ramos , Sri Harish K. Paleti , Jaime Martin , Fuzong Xu , Joel Troughton , Renqiang Yang , Julien Gorenflot , Frédéric Laquai , Stefaan De Wolf , Derya Baran
The performance of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has rapidly increased. Yet, achieving long-term stability in the nano-morphology and thereby sustaining device performance remains challenging. Herein, we show that incorporating in-situ-forming cross-linked thermoset (CLT) matrices into the bulk heterojunction blends is a simple, general, and efficient strategy for high-performing and resilient OPVs. Our simulations and experimental data prove that these high-modulus CLT matrices featuring hydrogen-bonding interactions can freeze the nano-morphology, resulting in long-term thermal and photostable OPV devices. We demonstrate that this approach works efficiently with eight different blends and show that OPV devices can withstand 85°C for 1,000 h without losing performance. Blends with CLT matrices double the energy generated from OPV devices, showing an energy density output of 4,054 mW⋅h cm−2 over an 11-week operating period under outdoor conditions. This methodology opens avenues for both developing new thermoset networks for OPV and their use in other optoelectronic applications.
{"title":"In situ formation of thermoset matrices for improved stability in organic photovoltaics","authors":"Jianhua Han , Han Xu , Anirudh Sharma , Maxime Babics , Jules Bertrandie , Xunchang Wang , Luis Huerta Hernandez , Yongcao Zhang , Yuanfan Wen , Diego Rosas Villalva , Nicolas Ramos , Sri Harish K. Paleti , Jaime Martin , Fuzong Xu , Joel Troughton , Renqiang Yang , Julien Gorenflot , Frédéric Laquai , Stefaan De Wolf , Derya Baran","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has rapidly increased. Yet, achieving long-term stability in the nano-morphology and thereby sustaining device performance remains challenging. Herein, we show that incorporating <em>in-situ</em>-forming cross-linked thermoset (CLT) matrices into the bulk heterojunction blends is a simple, general, and efficient strategy for high-performing and resilient OPVs. Our simulations and experimental data prove that these high-modulus CLT matrices featuring hydrogen-bonding interactions can freeze the nano-morphology, resulting in long-term thermal and photostable OPV devices. We demonstrate that this approach works efficiently with eight different blends and show that OPV devices can withstand 85°C for 1,000 h without losing performance. Blends with CLT matrices double the energy generated from OPV devices, showing an energy density output of 4,054 mW⋅h cm<sup>−2</sup> over an 11-week operating period under outdoor conditions. This methodology opens avenues for both developing new thermoset networks for OPV and their use in other optoelectronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 10","pages":"Pages 2883-2902"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141904253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.006
Christoph D. Alt , Nadia U.C.B. Müller , Luise M. Riegger , Burak Aktekin , Philip Minnmann , Klaus Peppler , Jürgen Janek
The incorporation of lithium metal anodes in solid-state batteries (SSBs) is impeded due to the chemical reduction of sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) in contact with lithium metal. Growth mode, composition, and microstructure of a few model-type SE interphases (SEIs) are slowly unveiled. The objective of this study is to better understand the transport properties of typical multiphase SEIs by direct reaction of the SE with lithium metal powder. Hence, the composition and conduction properties (σion and σel) of synthesized bulk-scale SEI-type material (of Li6PS5Cl) are analyzed. The kinetic predictions using a Wagner-type diffusion model align well with recent results of electrochemical studies on cell-level multiphase SEIs. Accordingly, these findings enhance the ability to model transport parameters with greater accuracy and contribute to a deeper understanding of SEI growth and kinetics in SSBs. The need to stabilize the Li|SE interface by controlling the partial conductivities of the resulting SEI is emphasized.
由于硫化物固体电解质（SE）在与锂金属接触时会发生化学还原，因此阻碍了锂金属阳极在固态电池（SSB）中的应用。一些模型型硫化物固态电解质（SEIs）的生长模式、组成和微观结构正在慢慢揭开面纱。本研究的目的是通过 SE 与锂金属粉末的直接反应，更好地了解典型多相 SEIs 的传输特性。因此，本研究分析了合成的批量 SEI 型材料（Li6PS5Cl）的组成和传导特性（σion 和 σel）。使用瓦格纳型扩散模型进行的动力学预测与细胞级多相 SEI 的最新电化学研究结果非常吻合。因此，这些发现提高了建立更精确的传输参数模型的能力，有助于加深对 SSB 中 SEI 生长和动力学的理解。通过控制所产生的 SEI 的部分电导率来稳定 Li|SE 界面的必要性得到了强调。
{"title":"Quantifying multiphase SEI growth in sulfide solid electrolytes","authors":"Christoph D. Alt , Nadia U.C.B. Müller , Luise M. Riegger , Burak Aktekin , Philip Minnmann , Klaus Peppler , Jürgen Janek","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incorporation of lithium metal anodes in solid-state batteries (SSBs) is impeded due to the chemical reduction of sulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) in contact with lithium metal. Growth mode, composition, and microstructure of a few model-type SE interphases (SEIs) are slowly unveiled. The objective of this study is to better understand the transport properties of typical multiphase SEIs by direct reaction of the SE with lithium metal powder. Hence, the composition and conduction properties (<em>σ</em><sub>ion</sub> and <em>σ</em><sub>el</sub>) of synthesized bulk-scale SEI-type material (of Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl) are analyzed. The kinetic predictions using a Wagner-type diffusion model align well with recent results of electrochemical studies on cell-level multiphase SEIs. Accordingly, these findings enhance the ability to model transport parameters with greater accuracy and contribute to a deeper understanding of SEI growth and kinetics in SSBs. The need to stabilize the Li|SE interface by controlling the partial conductivities of the resulting SEI is emphasized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 10","pages":"Pages 2755-2776"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.06.018
Oussama Er-raji , Mohamed A.A. Mahmoud , Oliver Fischer , Alexandra J. Ramadan , Dmitry Bogachuk , Alexander Reinholdt , Angelika Schmitt , Bhushan P. Kore , Thomas William Gries , Artem Musiienko , Oliver Schultz-Wittmann , Martin Bivour , Martin Hermle , Martin C. Schubert , Juliane Borchert , Stefan W. Glunz , Patricia S.C. Schulze
Fully textured perovskite silicon tandem solar cells are promising for future low-cost photovoltaic deployment. However, the fill factor and open-circuit voltage of these devices are currently limited by the high density of defects at grain boundaries and at interfaces with charge transport layers. To address this, we devise a strategy to simultaneously enhance perovskite crystallization and passivate the perovskite/C60 interface. By incorporating urea (CO(NH2)2) as an additive in the solution step of the hybrid evaporation/spin-coating perovskite deposition method, the crystallization kinetics are accelerated, leading to the formation of the desired photoactive phase at room temperature. With that, perovskite films with large grain sizes (>1 μm) and improved optoelectronic quality are formed at low annealing temperatures (100°C). Concurrently, remnant urea molecules are expelled at the perovskite surface, which locally displaces the C60 layer, thus reducing interfacial non-radiative recombination losses. With this strategy, the resulting tandem solar cells achieve 30.0% power conversion efficiency.
{"title":"Tailoring perovskite crystallization and interfacial passivation in efficient, fully textured perovskite silicon tandem solar cells","authors":"Oussama Er-raji , Mohamed A.A. Mahmoud , Oliver Fischer , Alexandra J. Ramadan , Dmitry Bogachuk , Alexander Reinholdt , Angelika Schmitt , Bhushan P. Kore , Thomas William Gries , Artem Musiienko , Oliver Schultz-Wittmann , Martin Bivour , Martin Hermle , Martin C. Schubert , Juliane Borchert , Stefan W. Glunz , Patricia S.C. Schulze","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.06.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.06.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fully textured perovskite silicon tandem solar cells are promising for future low-cost photovoltaic deployment. However, the fill factor and open-circuit voltage of these devices are currently limited by the high density of defects at grain boundaries and at interfaces with charge transport layers. To address this, we devise a strategy to simultaneously enhance perovskite crystallization and passivate the perovskite/C<sub>60</sub> interface. By incorporating urea (CO(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) as an additive in the solution step of the hybrid evaporation/spin-coating perovskite deposition method, the crystallization kinetics are accelerated, leading to the formation of the desired photoactive phase at room temperature. With that, perovskite films with large grain sizes (>1 μm) and improved optoelectronic quality are formed at low annealing temperatures (100°C). Concurrently, remnant urea molecules are expelled at the perovskite surface, which locally displaces the C<sub>60</sub> layer, thus reducing interfacial non-radiative recombination losses. With this strategy, the resulting tandem solar cells achieve 30.0% power conversion efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 10","pages":"Pages 2811-2833"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141726435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.06.023
Zhibin Li , Ruoyu Wu , Dabo Duan , Xiongjun Liu , Rui Li , Jing Wang , Houwen Chen , Shi-Wei Chen , Yuan Wu , Hui Wang , Suihe Jiang , Xiaobin Zhang , Zhaoping Lu
Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts suffer from degradation under harsh oxygen evolution conditions, especially at large current densities, which is a longstanding challenge when developing OER catalysts for industrial applications. Here, we report ultra-stable multicomponent alloys with outstanding OER performance, created by forming two-layered nanostructures in noble metal-free multicomponent alloys, which boost activity and stability simultaneously through a counterintuitive parallel-mechanism strategy. The outer multicomponent amorphous oxide layer endows compelling OER activity, while the underneath layer affords dynamic replenishment capability for sustainable performance (working stably at least 1,600 h at 500 mA cm−2) in alkaline electrolytes. More appealing is that the catalyst can be easily revitalized, significantly extending its service durability and reducing its cost. This finding can be applied to develop other cost-efficient catalysts with considerable potential for industrial applications, offering a design paradigm to break the activity-stability trade-off of electrocatalysts.
氧进化反应（OER）催化剂在苛刻的氧进化条件下会发生降解，尤其是在大电流密度下，这是开发工业应用 OER 催化剂的长期挑战。在这里，我们报告了通过在不含贵金属的多组分合金中形成双层纳米结构而产生的具有出色 OER 性能的超稳定多组分合金，这种合金通过一种反直觉的平行机制策略同时提高了活性和稳定性。外层的多组分无定形氧化物层具有极强的 OER 活性，而底层则具有动态补充能力，可在碱性电解质中持续发挥性能（在 500 mA cm-2 下至少稳定工作 1,600 小时）。更吸引人的是，催化剂可以很容易地重新焕发活力，从而大大延长其使用寿命并降低成本。这一发现可用于开发其他具有工业应用潜力的高性价比催化剂，为打破电催化剂的活性-稳定性权衡提供了一种设计范式。
{"title":"Empowering multicomponent alloys with unique nanostructure for exceptional oxygen evolution performance through self-replenishment","authors":"Zhibin Li , Ruoyu Wu , Dabo Duan , Xiongjun Liu , Rui Li , Jing Wang , Houwen Chen , Shi-Wei Chen , Yuan Wu , Hui Wang , Suihe Jiang , Xiaobin Zhang , Zhaoping Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.06.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.06.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts suffer from degradation under harsh oxygen evolution conditions, especially at large </span>current densities<span>, which is a longstanding challenge when developing OER catalysts for industrial applications. Here, we report ultra-stable multicomponent alloys with outstanding OER performance, created by forming two-layered nanostructures<span><span> in noble metal-free multicomponent alloys, which boost activity and stability simultaneously through a counterintuitive parallel-mechanism strategy. The outer multicomponent amorphous </span>oxide layer endows compelling OER activity, while the underneath layer affords dynamic replenishment capability for sustainable performance (working stably at least 1,600 h at 500 mA cm</span></span></span><sup>−2</sup><span><span>) in alkaline electrolytes. More appealing is that the catalyst can be easily revitalized, significantly extending its service durability and reducing its cost. This finding can be applied to develop other cost-efficient catalysts with considerable potential for industrial applications, offering a design paradigm to break the activity-stability trade-off of </span>electrocatalysts.</span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 10","pages":"Pages 2920-2937"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141754633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.007
Zi-Xuan Wang , Yang Lu , Chen-Zi Zhao , Wen-Ze Huang , Xue-Yan Huang , Wei-Jin Kong , Ling-Xuan Li , Zi-You Wang , Hong Yuan , Jia-Qi Huang , Qiang Zhang
The application of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) is hampered by the dynamic deterioration of solid-solid contacts. Anodic degradation is primarily attributed to the accumulation of lithium (Li) voids due to the limited Li diffusion abilities of the anodes. Here, a ternary composite Li anode is introduced by comprising carbon materials embedded within the Li-magnesium substrate. This design effectively suppresses the Li void-induced dynamic deterioration of interfacial contact during continuous cycling. The enhanced Li diffusion pathway with accelerated diffusion rate in bulk anode aids in maintaining contact post-Li stripping, therefore mitigating interface damage caused by Li void formation. The ternary composite anode affords an areal capacity of 14.2 mAh cm−2 with Li utilization rate of 85%. Cooperated with LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) cathodes, the full cells exhibit long-term stability of >300 cycles under room temperature. These findings provide an effective strategy to construct conformal interfaces for high-capacity and long-life ASSLMBs.
{"title":"Suppressing Li voids in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries through Li diffusion regulation","authors":"Zi-Xuan Wang , Yang Lu , Chen-Zi Zhao , Wen-Ze Huang , Xue-Yan Huang , Wei-Jin Kong , Ling-Xuan Li , Zi-You Wang , Hong Yuan , Jia-Qi Huang , Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) is hampered by the dynamic deterioration of solid-solid contacts. Anodic degradation is primarily attributed to the accumulation of lithium (Li) voids due to the limited Li diffusion abilities of the anodes. Here, a ternary composite Li anode is introduced by comprising carbon materials embedded within the Li-magnesium substrate. This design effectively suppresses the Li void-induced dynamic deterioration of interfacial contact during continuous cycling. The enhanced Li diffusion pathway with accelerated diffusion rate in bulk anode aids in maintaining contact post-Li stripping, therefore mitigating interface damage caused by Li void formation. The ternary composite anode affords an areal capacity of 14.2 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup> with Li utilization rate of 85%. Cooperated with LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM622) cathodes, the full cells exhibit long-term stability of >300 cycles under room temperature. These findings provide an effective strategy to construct conformal interfaces for high-capacity and long-life ASSLMBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 10","pages":"Pages 2794-2810"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141974125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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