Pub Date : 2019-11-13DOI: 10.4236/wjet.2019.74b001
Baoguo Wang, Jiangui Li, Dong Ai
A power system structure composed of a brushless DC motor and a cycloidal reducer for electric balanced vehicle has been proposed, and the temperature of important components in this structure would be discussed. The loss generated by the cycloid reducer is negligible, it’s only need to analyze the thermal field of motor. Since the temperature change will affect the material properties of the target motor, the electromagnetic and temperature fields, involved in the motor, are selected for coupling calculation to determine whether the final temperature distribution can meet the requirements of vehicle for use.
{"title":"Temperature Research of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor for Electric Balanced Vehicle","authors":"Baoguo Wang, Jiangui Li, Dong Ai","doi":"10.4236/wjet.2019.74b001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2019.74b001","url":null,"abstract":"A power system structure composed of a brushless DC motor and a cycloidal reducer for electric balanced vehicle has been proposed, and the temperature of important components in this structure would be discussed. The loss generated by the cycloid reducer is negligible, it’s only need to analyze the thermal field of motor. Since the temperature change will affect the material properties of the target motor, the electromagnetic and temperature fields, involved in the motor, are selected for coupling calculation to determine whether the final temperature distribution can meet the requirements of vehicle for use.","PeriodicalId":344331,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125031230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-13DOI: 10.4236/wjet.2019.74b002
Xuejie Liu, Junji Jia, Jian Wang
Low-voltage distribution systems in our country are mostly used in agricultural loads and household loads. The value and using time of these kinds of loads are uncontrollable, which lead to the three-phase imbalance in low-voltage distribution system, and seriously affect the quality of power supply. A new type of the commutation system and an improved quantum genetic algorithm (IQGA) are proposed in the paper. At last, the rationality and the efficiency of the method are verified by a practical example.
{"title":"Research of Three-Phase Unbalanced Treatment in Low-Voltage Distribution Network Based on New Commutation Switch","authors":"Xuejie Liu, Junji Jia, Jian Wang","doi":"10.4236/wjet.2019.74b002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2019.74b002","url":null,"abstract":"Low-voltage distribution systems in our country are mostly used in agricultural loads and household loads. The value and using time of these kinds of loads are uncontrollable, which lead to the three-phase imbalance in low-voltage distribution system, and seriously affect the quality of power supply. A new type of the commutation system and an improved quantum genetic algorithm (IQGA) are proposed in the paper. At last, the rationality and the efficiency of the method are verified by a practical example.","PeriodicalId":344331,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115201944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to the characteristics of stone along the KKH-2 project in Pakistan, the applicability of gravel and machine-made sand for road engineering was studied. Through investigation, the types of stone along the project were relatively simple, and the stone materials used for road construction were mainly limestone, sandstone and pebbles, and the reserves were abundant. The experiment research and analyses comparisons of the parameters and road performance characteristics of natural gravel materials were carried out, and the design parameters and road performance indicators of natural grit in the current code were supplemented and adjusted to make it more suitable for Pakistan to use natural gravel materials for road construction. Thesis combines the project, proposing that mechanism sand and natural sand mixed concrete is not inferior tonatural sand mixed concrete in terms of technical performance, and the overall cost is lower than that of natural sand mixed concrete. The research results are of great significance for saving engineering construction costs, ensuring road performance and prolonging service life.
{"title":"Application Research of Gravel and Machine-Made Sand along the KKH-2 Project in Pakistan on Asphalt Pavement","authors":"Jun Hu, Xia Tian, Gang Wang, Zhiqiang Wang","doi":"10.4236/wjet.2019.74045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2019.74045","url":null,"abstract":"According to the characteristics of stone along the KKH-2 project in Pakistan, the applicability of gravel and machine-made sand for road engineering was studied. Through investigation, the types of stone along the project were relatively simple, and the stone materials used for road construction were mainly limestone, sandstone and pebbles, and the reserves were abundant. The experiment research and analyses comparisons of the parameters and road performance characteristics of natural gravel materials were carried out, and the design parameters and road performance indicators of natural grit in the current code were supplemented and adjusted to make it more suitable for Pakistan to use natural gravel materials for road construction. Thesis combines the project, proposing that mechanism sand and natural sand mixed concrete is not inferior tonatural sand mixed concrete in terms of technical performance, and the overall cost is lower than that of natural sand mixed concrete. The research results are of great significance for saving engineering construction costs, ensuring road performance and prolonging service life.","PeriodicalId":344331,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129227671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji-hui Ding, Kaikai You, Zhongmin Feng, Dongxu Sun
The consolidation coefficient is the most basic parameter to calculate the consolidation rate of soil layer, and the horizontal consolidation coefficient controls the radial water flow into the drainage well. Based on the background of the soft soil in Shantou, Guangdong Province, a series of experimental studies on the consolidation characteristics were carried out by using the modified consolidation instrument. And the concept of the composite consolidation coefficient of the drained water body was put forward. The composite consolidation coefficient reflects the consolidation characteristics of soft soil with drainage water, The test results showed that: 1) The consolidation test with drainage plate is basically consistent with the load compression curve, but its consolidation rate is fast, which is reflected by the composite consolidation coefficient. 2) In the consolidation test of water bodies with drainage, the vertical consolidation coefficient and radial consolidation coefficient are calculated by “three-point method”, and then the composite consolidation coefficient is obtained. The composite consolidation coefficient decreases with the increase of drain spacing ratio, effective drainage diameter and drainage height, which is basically consistent with the theoretical formula. 3) The vertical consolidation coefficient and radial consolidation coefficient decrease with the increase of the diameter of the sample, and the difference is obvious when the load is large. The large-size model with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 100 mm is about 1.35 times of the vertical consolidation coefficient of the conventional consolidation test.
{"title":"Composite Consolidation Coefficient Analysis of Soft Soil with Drainage Water","authors":"Ji-hui Ding, Kaikai You, Zhongmin Feng, Dongxu Sun","doi":"10.4236/wjet.2019.74041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2019.74041","url":null,"abstract":"The consolidation coefficient is the most basic parameter to calculate the \u0000consolidation rate of soil layer, and the horizontal consolidation coefficient controls \u0000the radial water flow into the drainage well. Based on the background of the soft soil in Shantou, \u0000Guangdong Province, a series of experimental studies on the consolidation characteristics \u0000were carried out by using the modified consolidation instrument. And the concept \u0000of the composite consolidation coefficient of the drained water body was put forward. \u0000The composite consolidation coefficient reflects the consolidation characteristics \u0000of soft soil with drainage water, The test results showed that: 1) The consolidation test \u0000with drainage plate is basically consistent with the load compression curve, but \u0000its consolidation rate is fast, which is reflected by the composite consolidation \u0000coefficient. 2) In the consolidation test of water bodies with drainage, the vertical \u0000consolidation coefficient and radial consolidation coefficient are calculated by “three-point method”, and then the composite consolidation coefficient is obtained. The composite \u0000consolidation coefficient decreases with the increase of drain spacing ratio, effective \u0000drainage diameter and drainage height, which is basically consistent with the theoretical \u0000formula. 3) The vertical consolidation coefficient and radial consolidation coefficient \u0000decrease with the increase of the diameter of the sample, and the difference is \u0000obvious when the load is large. The large-size model with a diameter of 100 mm and a height of 100 mm is about 1.35 times \u0000of the vertical consolidation coefficient of the conventional consolidation test.","PeriodicalId":344331,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115199289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a unique combination among probabilistic roadmap, modified ant colony optimization, and third order B-spline curve has been proposed to solve path planning problems in complex and very complex environments. This proposed approach can be divided into three stages. First stage involves constructing a random roadmap depending on the environment complexity using probabilistic roadmap algorithm. Roadmap can be constructed by distributing N nodes randomly in complex and very complex static environments then pairing these nodes together according to some criteria or conditions. The constructed roadmap contains a huge number of possible random paths that may lead to connecting the start and the goal points together. Second stage includes finding path within the pre-constructed roadmap. Modified ant colony optimization has been proposed to find or to search the best path between start and goal points, where in addition to the proposed combination, ACO has been modified to increase its ability to find shorter path. Finally, the third stage uses B-spline curve to smooth and reduce the total length of the found path in the previous stage. The results of the proposed approach ensure the feasible path between start and goal points in complex and very complex environments. Also, the path is guaranteed to be short, smooth, continuous and safe.
{"title":"Development of Path Planning Algorithm Using Probabilistic Roadmap Based on Modified Ant Colony Optimization","authors":"Firas A. Raheem, Mohammed I. Abdulkareem","doi":"10.4236/wjet.2019.74042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2019.74042","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a unique combination among probabilistic roadmap, modified ant colony optimization, and third order B-spline curve has been proposed to solve path planning problems in complex and very complex environments. This proposed approach can be divided into three stages. First stage involves constructing a random roadmap depending on the environment complexity using probabilistic roadmap algorithm. Roadmap can be constructed by distributing N nodes randomly in complex and very complex static environments then pairing these nodes together according to some criteria or conditions. The constructed roadmap contains a huge number of possible random paths that may lead to connecting the start and the goal points together. Second stage includes finding path within the pre-constructed roadmap. Modified ant colony optimization has been proposed to find or to search the best path between start and goal points, where in addition to the proposed combination, ACO has been modified to increase its ability to find shorter path. Finally, the third stage uses B-spline curve to smooth and reduce the total length of the found path in the previous stage. The results of the proposed approach ensure the feasible path between start and goal points in complex and very complex environments. Also, the path is guaranteed to be short, smooth, continuous and safe.","PeriodicalId":344331,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121295629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Future satellite gravity missions (FGMs) have been intensively studied during the last recent years for the era beyond the successful previous GRACE and current GRACE Follow-on satellite missions. Previous studies have investigated the gravity field recovery derived from combined two satellite-pairs (referred here as PI-FGM, a single polar satellite-pair like the GRACE mission combined with another inclined satellite-pair) with different orbital heights of few kilometers and different repeat orbital periods. In this contribution, new innovative idea is introduced by designing the inclined satellite-pair of the FGM at the same orbital height of the polar-type with shifted spatio-temporal (ST-FGM) orbital parameters to avoid any possible collision risk between the two satellite-pairs, polar and inclined, of the FGM architecture. The repeat orbits issue will be taken into consideration through the manuscript and will be set as identical as possible for a fair comparison. The findings through a full-scale simulation analysis show that the new design of shifted spatio-temporal polar-inclined (ST-FGM) mission architecture basically outperforms the two satellite-pairs having different orbital heights (i.e. the PI-FGM mission configuration). Regarding the gravity field recovery, the ST-FGM architecture retrieves the geoid heights with standard deviations of about 17.0 mm providing more isotropic error distribution. An overall improvement by a factor of about 80 and 60 is provided by the ST-FGM and PI-FGM mission architectures, respectively, with respect to the GRACE-like formation and a factor of about 2.4 and 1.8, respectively, with respect to the smoothed gravity solution using the Gaussian filter at radius 400 km. Therefore, the shifted spatio-temporal polar-inclined (ST-FGM) is worthy recommended as stable mission architecture and would be considered as one of the future gravity missions.
{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Polar-Inclined Space Mission Architecture for a Refined Retrieve of the Earth’s Gravity Field","authors":"B. Elsaka","doi":"10.4236/wjet.2019.74047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2019.74047","url":null,"abstract":"Future satellite gravity missions (FGMs) have been intensively studied during the last recent years for the era beyond the successful previous GRACE and current GRACE Follow-on satellite missions. Previous studies have investigated the gravity field recovery derived from combined two satellite-pairs (referred here as PI-FGM, a single polar satellite-pair like the GRACE mission combined with another inclined satellite-pair) with different orbital heights of few kilometers and different repeat orbital periods. In this contribution, new innovative idea is introduced by designing the inclined satellite-pair of the FGM at the same orbital height of the polar-type with shifted spatio-temporal (ST-FGM) orbital parameters to avoid any possible collision risk between the two satellite-pairs, polar and inclined, of the FGM architecture. The repeat orbits issue will be taken into consideration through the manuscript and will be set as identical as possible for a fair comparison. The findings through a full-scale simulation analysis show that the new design of shifted spatio-temporal polar-inclined (ST-FGM) mission architecture basically outperforms the two satellite-pairs having different orbital heights (i.e. the PI-FGM mission configuration). Regarding the gravity field recovery, the ST-FGM architecture retrieves the geoid heights with standard deviations of about 17.0 mm providing more isotropic error distribution. An overall improvement by a factor of about 80 and 60 is provided by the ST-FGM and PI-FGM mission architectures, respectively, with respect to the GRACE-like formation and a factor of about 2.4 and 1.8, respectively, with respect to the smoothed gravity solution using the Gaussian filter at radius 400 km. Therefore, the shifted spatio-temporal polar-inclined (ST-FGM) is worthy recommended as stable mission architecture and would be considered as one of the future gravity missions.","PeriodicalId":344331,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121218728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thierry Fothe, Ulrich Gael Azeufack, B. Kenmeugne, P. K. Talla, M. Fogué
This work aims at characterizing the evolution of the damage of two tropical hardwoods. Two species from Cameroon, the Entandrophragma Cylindricum and the Chlorora Exelcia were used for the purpose. Repeated compressive loading has been made on specimens strictly selected along with longitudinal and radial directions of each species. Each cycle was made of one phase of monotonic loading and a phase of elastic release. From data obtained, we determined the variation of Young modulus and plastic deformation during each cycle of loading, and we had deduced the damage of the material. Results show that the damage appears only after a certain threshold of the plastic deformation; that damage then grows exponentially to reach a threshold after which the failure of the material occurs. As well, we noticed that the growth of damage is accompanied by the progressive decrease of the Young modulus; this confirms the deteriorating effect of the damage on the mechanical properties. Elsewhere, the damage failure threshold is less than the theoretical value, and differs from one direction to another. Finally, we noticed that the damage failure threshold of sapelli is greater than that of iroko that allows concluding that iroko gets damaged and fails more rapidly than sapelli.
{"title":"Damage Evaluation of Two Equatorial Hardwoods under Uniaxial Compression: Case of Entandrophragma cylindricum (Sapelli) and Chlorophora exelcia (Iroko)","authors":"Thierry Fothe, Ulrich Gael Azeufack, B. Kenmeugne, P. K. Talla, M. Fogué","doi":"10.4236/wjet.2019.74039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2019.74039","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims at characterizing the evolution of the damage of two tropical hardwoods. Two species from Cameroon, the Entandrophragma Cylindricum and the Chlorora Exelcia were used for the purpose. Repeated compressive loading has been made on specimens strictly selected along with longitudinal and radial directions of each species. Each cycle was made of one phase of monotonic loading and a phase of elastic release. From data obtained, we determined the variation of Young modulus and plastic deformation during each cycle of loading, and we had deduced the damage of the material. Results show that the damage appears only after a certain threshold of the plastic deformation; that damage then grows exponentially to reach a threshold after which the failure of the material occurs. As well, we noticed that the growth of damage is accompanied by the progressive decrease of the Young modulus; this confirms the deteriorating effect of the damage on the mechanical properties. Elsewhere, the damage failure threshold is less than the theoretical value, and differs from one direction to another. Finally, we noticed that the damage failure threshold of sapelli is greater than that of iroko that allows concluding that iroko gets damaged and fails more rapidly than sapelli.","PeriodicalId":344331,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115294424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to deliver medical products (medicines, vaccines, blood packs, etc.) in time for needed areas, a method of transporting goods using drones is being studied. However, temperature-sensitive medical products may decay due to outside temperature changes. The time required to transport over the distance may vary a lot as well. As a result, the likelihood of the goods deteriorating is very high. There is a need for a study on cargo bay to prevent this and to protect the medical goods. In this paper, in order to protect the temperature sensitive medical goods, the inside cargo bay is equipped with the cooling fan device and the electric heating elements. These elements can be monitored and controlled according to the user’s discretion. By using the web server built inside the cloud server, the temperature can be controlled in real-time from anywhere without the limitation of distance. We built the proposed device, and installed it on the drone cargo bay. The test results show that the cargo bay can be temperature-controlled, and the setting can be maintained over a great distance. The user can watch the temperature variations during the transport and ascertain the goodness of the medical supply with the data. It is expected that such development can greatly enhance the utility of the drone operations, especially for the medical supply transport applications.
{"title":"Development of Drone Cargo Bay with Real-Time Temperature Control","authors":"Sedam Lee, Yongjin Kwon","doi":"10.4236/wjet.2019.74044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2019.74044","url":null,"abstract":"In order to deliver medical products (medicines, vaccines, blood packs, etc.) in time for needed areas, a method of transporting goods using drones is being studied. However, temperature-sensitive medical products may decay due to outside temperature changes. The time required to transport over the distance may vary a lot as well. As a result, the likelihood of the goods deteriorating is very high. There is a need for a study on cargo bay to prevent this and to protect the medical goods. In this paper, in order to protect the temperature sensitive medical goods, the inside cargo bay is equipped with the cooling fan device and the electric heating elements. These elements can be monitored and controlled according to the user’s discretion. By using the web server built inside the cloud server, the temperature can be controlled in real-time from anywhere without the limitation of distance. We built the proposed device, and installed it on the drone cargo bay. The test results show that the cargo bay can be temperature-controlled, and the setting can be maintained over a great distance. The user can watch the temperature variations during the transport and ascertain the goodness of the medical supply with the data. It is expected that such development can greatly enhance the utility of the drone operations, especially for the medical supply transport applications.","PeriodicalId":344331,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116123625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A water drinking bird or simply drinking bird (DB) is discussed in terms of a thermomechanical model. A mathematical expression of motion derived from the thermomechanical model of a drinking bird and numerical solutions are explicitly shown, which is helpful in understanding physical meanings and fundamental difference between mechanical and thermomechanical periodic motion. The mathematical and physical differences between mechanical and thermomechanical motions are clearly examined, resulting in time-independent and time-dependent coupling constants of equations of motion and continuous transitions between bifurcation solutions. The thermodynamical and irreversible process of a drinking bird motion could be theoretically examined and practically applied to energy harvesting technologies by way of the current modeling. As an example of irreversible thermodynamics, the thermomechanical model of DB will help understand heat engines manifested from microscopic to macroscopic systems.
{"title":"The Analysis of Thermomechanical Periodic Motions of a Drinking Bird","authors":"Schun T. Uechi, H. Uechi, A. Nishimura","doi":"10.4236/wjet.2019.74040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2019.74040","url":null,"abstract":"A water drinking bird or simply drinking bird (DB) is discussed in terms of a thermomechanical model. A mathematical expression of motion derived from the thermomechanical model of a drinking bird and numerical solutions are explicitly shown, which is helpful in understanding physical meanings and fundamental difference between mechanical and thermomechanical periodic motion. The mathematical and physical differences between mechanical and thermomechanical motions are clearly examined, resulting in time-independent and time-dependent coupling constants of equations of motion and continuous transitions between bifurcation solutions. The thermodynamical and irreversible process of a drinking bird motion could be theoretically examined and practically applied to energy harvesting technologies by way of the current modeling. As an example of irreversible thermodynamics, the thermomechanical model of DB will help understand heat engines manifested from microscopic to macroscopic systems.","PeriodicalId":344331,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116346328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In analazying the form in architectural monuments or in a more comprehensive way, study of the monuments itself is one of the most fundamental and most important aspects of architecture that has several benefits and effects. One of the benefits of recognizing the shape of different building architecture is the categorization of architecture into different historical periods that can help us better understand the process of historical architectural developments in the past. Among the architectural monuments of Iran, Nasir al-Mulk Mosque in Shiraz which is a Qajar Mosque is one of the most important Mosques in Shiraz which is less focused in the previous studies. This article, which is mainly based on empirical research and field studies, was conducted for studying the architecture of the mosque and analyzing and explaining the most important architectural features of this monument. The main questions of this article are the following: 1) What are the most basic architectural features of Nasir al-Mulk Mosque and how different parts are organized and built next to each other? 2) What choices and opting out of the architectural design of the building have been carried out? To find the best answers to these questions, first we analyzed the structure and overall fitness of the Mosque and its characteristics had been enumerated. Then, we introduced and analyze the main sectors that make up the corpus such as the mosque entrance, courtyard, naves and porches, in which the form and structure of each of these sectors as well as their consort with each other in shaping the overall architecture of the mosque, are analyzed and discussed. The summary of the findings in the form of empirical statements is presented at the end of the article.
{"title":"An Introduction to Architecture of Nasir Al-Mulk Mosque","authors":"A. Ehteshami, M. Soltaninejad","doi":"10.4236/wjet.2019.74048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2019.74048","url":null,"abstract":"In analazying \u0000the form in \u0000architectural monuments or in a more comprehensive way, study of the monuments itself is one of the most fundamental and \u0000most important aspects of architecture that has several benefits and effects. One \u0000of the benefits of recognizing the shape of different building architecture is \u0000the categorization of architecture into different historical periods that can help us better understand the process of historical architectural \u0000developments in the past. Among the architectural monuments of Iran, Nasir \u0000al-Mulk Mosque in Shiraz which is a Qajar Mosque is one of the most important \u0000Mosques in Shiraz which is less focused in the previous studies. This article, \u0000which is mainly based on empirical research and field studies, was conducted \u0000for studying the architecture of the mosque and analyzing and explaining the most important architectural features of this monument. The main \u0000questions of this article are the following: 1) What are the most basic \u0000architectural features of Nasir al-Mulk \u0000Mosque and how different parts are organized and built next to each other? 2) What \u0000choices and opting out of the architectural design of the building have been carried out? To find the best answers to \u0000these questions, first we analyzed the structure and overall fitness of the Mosque \u0000and its characteristics had been enumerated. Then, we introduced and analyze the main sectors that make up the corpus such as \u0000the mosque entrance, courtyard, naves and porches, in which the form and structure of each of these \u0000sectors as well as their consort with each other \u0000in shaping the overall architecture of the mosque, are analyzed and discussed. The summary of the findings in the form of \u0000empirical statements is presented at the end of the article.","PeriodicalId":344331,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Engineering and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116072812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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