Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences最新文献_第3页

Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the coordinated regulation of the miR-34c-5p/AASS axis in chicken skeletal muscle development and intramuscular fat deposition 比较转录组分析揭示了miR-34c-5p/AASS轴在鸡骨骼肌发育和肌内脂肪沉积中的协调调节

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100339

Ke Zhang , Zhenzhen Gu , Shuohan Li , Xi Cheng , Yang Wang , Hongyu Wei , Zhimin Cheng , Yihao Zhi , Mohammed Kamal Challioui , Yulong Guo , Hong Li , Zhuanjian Li , Yadong Tian , Xiangtao Kang , Xiaojun Liu , Weihua Tian

Skeletal muscles (SM) development and intramuscular fat (IMF) accumulation are critical determinants of meat quality and yield in chickens. While numerous myogenesis- or adipogenesis-related regulators have been identified in chickens, the coordinated regulation of both SM development and IMF accumulation remains poorly studied. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have increasingly been implicated in myogenesis or adipogenesis by post-transcriptional regulating target gene expression; however, evidence on their coordinated regulation of both SM development and IMF accumulation in chickens is lacking. In this study, time-series transcriptomes for miRNA and mRNA expression were generated from breast muscle tissues of commercial Arbor Acres (AA) broilers across different developmental stages. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and differential expression analysis revealed ten miRNAs as key regulators of chicken IMF deposition and SM development. Notably, miR-34c-5p simultaneously modulates the proliferation of both chicken primary myoblasts (CPMs) and chicken intramuscular preadipocytes (CIPs), and CPMs myogenic differentiation and CIPs adipogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, miR-34c-5p suppresses AASS gene expression by directly binding to its 3′-untranslated region (3’UTR), thereby coordinately regulating chicken myogenesis and adipogenesis. Collectively, these findings revealed the synchronous regulation of miR-34c-5p in IMF deposition and SM development by silencing its target AASS gene in chickens. These insights enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying IMF deposition and SM development and potential possible genetic targets to improve meat yield and quality in chickens.

骨骼肌（SM）发育和肌内脂肪（IMF）积累是鸡肉质和产量的关键决定因素。虽然在鸡中已经发现了许多与肌肉形成或脂肪形成相关的调节因子，但SM发育和IMF积累的协调调节仍未得到充分研究。MicroRNAs （miRNAs）越来越多地通过转录后调控靶基因的表达参与肌肉形成或脂肪形成；然而，关于它们在鸡的SM发育和IMF积累中的协调调节的证据缺乏。本研究对不同发育阶段爱拔益加（AA）肉仔鸡胸肌组织进行miRNA和mRNA表达时序转录组分析。加权基因共表达网络分析和差异表达分析显示，10种mirna是鸡IMF沉积和SM发育的关键调控因子。值得注意的是，miR-34c-5p同时调节鸡原代成肌细胞（CPMs）和鸡肌内前脂肪细胞（cip）的增殖，以及CPMs的成肌分化和cip的成脂分化。在机制上，miR-34c-5p通过直接结合AASS基因的3 ' -非翻译区（3 ' utr）来抑制AASS基因的表达，从而协调调节鸡的肌生成和脂肪生成。总之，这些发现揭示了miR-34c-5p通过沉默其靶基因AASS在鸡中同步调控IMF沉积和SM发育。这些见解增强了我们对IMF沉积和SM发育的调控机制的理解，以及提高鸡肉产量和品质的潜在可能的遗传靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Transcriptomics and 4D-DIA proteomic analysis reveal differences in meat quality between Sichuan white rabbits and New Zealand white rabbits 转录组学和4D-DIA蛋白质组学分析揭示了四川白兔和新西兰白兔肉品质的差异

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100340

Liangde Kuang , Yunduan Wang , Min Lei , Xueer Mu , Lin Huang , Bin Wang , Jingwei He , Rui Yang , Rongxia Li , Congyan Li , Wei Fu

Understanding the molecular basis of rabbit meat quality is essential for genetic improvement. We compared Sichuan White (S) and New Zealand White (N) rabbits using carcass phenotyping (n = 20), longissimus dorsi transcriptomics (n = 3), and 4D-DIA proteomics (n = 3). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using |log₂FoldChange| ≥ 0.3693 and p < 0.05, and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were determined using fold change ≥ 1.3 or ≤ 0.7692 and p < 0.05. S rabbits exhibited lower drip loss and shear force but higher intramuscular fat (IMF) content, despite N rabbits displaying greater carcass yield. Integrated omics analysis revealed 848 differentially expressed genes and 140 differentially expressed proteins. The IMF accumulation in S rabbits was driven by upregulated lipid biosynthesis and suppressed fatty acid oxidation. Enrichment of oxidative phosphorylation and thermogenesis indicated enhanced mitochondrial coupling and redox balance, supporting water-holding capacity. Upregulation of ECM-related integrin β-subunits was correlated with improved tenderness. Sixty-eight KEGG pathways were co-enriched across omics layers, highlighting the interplay of lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function and ECM remodeling. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses revealed that upregulated lipid biosynthesis, suppressed fatty acid oxidation, and enhanced ECM–receptor signaling jointly contribute to superior meat quality in S rabbits. These findings provide candidate molecular targets for improving native rabbit meat quality and offer a foundation for future marker-assisted selection after validation in independent populations.

了解兔肉品质的分子基础对遗传改良至关重要。我们利用胴体表型（N = 20）、背最长肌转录组学（N = 3）和4D-DIA蛋白质组学（N = 3）对四川白兔(S)和新西兰白兔（N = 3）进行了比较。差异表达基因（DEGs）鉴定采用|log 2 FoldChange|≥0.3693和p <； 0.05，差异表达蛋白（DEPs）鉴定采用fold change≥1.3或≤0.7692和p <； 0.05。S兔的滴漏损失和剪切力较低，但肌内脂肪含量较高，而N兔的胴体产量较高。综合组学分析发现848个差异表达基因和140个差异表达蛋白。S家兔的IMF积累是由上调脂质生物合成和抑制脂肪酸氧化驱动的。氧化磷酸化和产热的富集表明线粒体偶联和氧化还原平衡增强，支持持水能力。ecm相关整合素β亚基的上调与压痛的改善相关。68条KEGG通路在组学层中共同富集，突出了脂质代谢、线粒体功能和ECM重塑的相互作用。综合转录组学和蛋白质组学分析表明，脂质生物合成上调、脂肪酸氧化抑制和ecm受体信号传导增强共同促进了S兔肉质的改善。这些发现为提高本地兔肉品质提供了候选分子靶点，并为独立种群验证后的标记辅助选择奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing antioxidant capacity and modulating sensory traits by nano‑selenium foliar biofortification on field Leek moss 纳米硒增强韭菜苔叶面抗氧化能力和调节感官性状

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100341

Mufan Hu , Hongmei Wang , Cuina Fu , Kouhua Yu , Fengqiong Liu , Qingwei Tan , Yijie Li , Qinyong Dong , Feng Zhang , Shenkui He , Jingcheng Wu , Gengsheng Mo , Yuanhui Xiao , Canping Pan

Nano‑selenium presents a promising biofortification strategy for improving the nutritional and sensory quality of Leek moss (the flower stem of Allium tuberosum), yet its molecular basis remains unclear. In a randomized field trial, foliar nano‑selenium application enhanced antioxidant capacity—elevating T-AOC by 45%, SOD/POD/CAT by 20–35% at medium to high concentrations (7.5–10 mg/L), and GSH by 50%—while reducing MDA by 25%. Metabolomic profiling identified 170 differential metabolites, including upregulated flavonoids, phenolic acids, and vitamins (C, B5, B6), alongside reduced sulfurous volatiles such as ACSO and allicin, indicating enhanced nutritional quality and moderated pungency. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 4225 differentially expressed genes, with nano‑selenium specifically activating phenylpropanoid and MAPK signaling pathways, stimulating secondary metabolism and lignin biosynthesis, and repressing CSO biosynthetic genes responsible for pungent flavor. Weighted gene co-expression analysis confirmed nano‑selenium's unique regulatory modules enriched in phenylpropanoid metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses. These multi-omics findings demonstrate that nano‑selenium outperforms sodium selenite in promoting antioxidant defense, enhancing beneficial metabolites, and modulating flavor and texture through coordinated transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming. Collectively, this study establishes nano‑selenium foliar biofortification as an effective, sustainable approach for improving both health-promoting and sensory traits of Leek moss.

纳米硒是改善韭菜苔（Allium tuberosum的花茎）营养和感官品质的一种有前景的生物强化策略，但其分子基础尚不清楚。在一项随机田间试验中，叶面施用纳米硒可提高抗氧化能力，在中至高浓度（7.5-10 mg/L）下，T-AOC提高45%，SOD/POD/CAT提高20-35%，GSH提高50%，MDA降低25%。代谢组学分析鉴定出170种不同的代谢物，包括上调的类黄酮、酚酸和维生素（C、B5、B6），以及减少的含硫挥发物，如ACSO和大蒜素，表明营养质量得到提高，辛辣味得到缓解。转录组学分析发现4225个差异表达基因，纳米硒特异性激活苯丙素和MAPK信号通路，刺激次生代谢和木质素生物合成，抑制CSO生物合成基因。加权基因共表达分析证实了纳米硒在苯丙代谢和活性氧（ROS）反应中丰富的独特调控模块。这些多组学研究结果表明，纳米硒在促进抗氧化防御、增强有益代谢产物以及通过协调转录和代谢重编程调节风味和质地方面优于亚硒酸钠。综上所述，本研究确定了纳米硒叶面生物强化是一种有效的、可持续的方法，可以改善韭菜苔的健康促进和感官特性。

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引用次数: 0

MicroRNAs from colostrum and mature cow milk: High-throughput sequencing and functional enrichment 初乳和成熟牛奶中的microrna：高通量测序和功能富集

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100337

Abdelmoneim H. Ali , Zain Najjar , Shao-Quan Liu , Mutamed Ayyash

As vital regulators of newborn development, milk-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained increasing attention recently. However, the variation in miRNAs profile among colostrum and mature milk remains unclear. We hypothesized that miRNAs content of colostrum and mature cow milk differs significantly, reflecting stage-specific biological functions related to immune priming and metabolic adaptation. Herein, high-throughput small RNA sequencing was performed to compare miRNAs profile in colostrum and mature cow milk. A total of 353 and 390 miRNA precursors were respectively detected in colostrum and mature milk, with diverse expression profiles. Colostrum displayed higher quantities of immune-related miRNAs, such as let-7, miR-21, and miR-146, whereas mature milk was enriched in metabolic regulation-related miRNAs, such as miR-29b, miR-210, and miR-378. Differential expression analysis showed 159 miRNAs substantially upregulated in colostrum and 38 in mature milk. Functional enrichment and pathway analysis revealed that mature milk miRNAs were associated with energy metabolism and tissues remodeling, while colostrum miRNAs were involved in early immune signaling and developmental activities. These findings support our hypothesis that miRNA expression patterns are temporally controlled across lactation and may serve as molecular indicators of milk functionality. This knowledge could be leveraged to enhance newborn nutrition strategies and design functional dairy products enriched with stage-specific miRNAs.

乳源性microRNAs （miRNAs）作为新生儿发育的重要调控因子，近年来受到越来越多的关注。然而，初乳和成熟乳中miRNAs谱的变化尚不清楚。我们假设初乳和成熟牛奶的miRNAs含量存在显著差异，反映了与免疫启动和代谢适应相关的阶段特异性生物学功能。本文采用高通量小RNA测序方法比较初乳和成熟牛奶中的miRNAs谱。在初乳和成熟乳中分别检测到353个和390个miRNA前体，表达谱各不相同。初乳显示出更高数量的免疫相关mirna，如let-7、miR-21和miR-146，而成熟乳则富含代谢调节相关mirna，如miR-29b、miR-210和miR-378。差异表达分析显示，159个mirna在初乳中显著上调，38个在成熟乳中上调。功能富集和通路分析显示，成熟乳miRNAs与能量代谢和组织重塑有关，而初乳miRNAs参与早期免疫信号传导和发育活动。这些发现支持了我们的假设，即miRNA的表达模式在哺乳期间受到暂时控制，并可能作为乳功能的分子指标。这一知识可用于加强新生儿营养策略和设计富含阶段特异性mirna的功能性乳制品。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of Tiroler Bergkäse PDO cheese: A multimethodological approach 表征的梯罗勒Bergkäse PDO奶酪：一个多方法的方法

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100336

Hannah Innerbichler , Alexander Trockenbacher , Alexander Höller , Sabine Scholl-Bürgi , Lorenzo Del Vecchio , Martina Cirlini , Jürgen König , Katrin Bach

Tiroler Bergkäse PDO is a traditional Austrian hard cheese from Tyrol, a product of great regional significance. This study aimed to describe Tiroler Bergkäse PDO by comparing it with Bergkäse without PDO from Tyrol and a Stilfser type cheese from South Tyrol. To account for variability, three cheese wheels from three production days were analyzed for each cheese. Multimethodological characterization included quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, Ion Exchange Chromatography, and Headspace-Solid Phase Microextraction/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The characterization Tiroler Bergkäse PDO should impart potentially unique features. Multivariate analysis of the bacterial composition, free amino acid content, and volatile fraction revealed differences between all cheeses (α = 0.05). A triangle test confirmed significant differences, with more pronounced differences between the Bergkäse type cheeses and the Stilfser type cheese. The Stilfser type showed distinct differences in bacterial composition, amino acid content, and volatile profile, making it less similar to the Bergkäse type cheeses. Multivariate analysis also revealed differences between the PDO and non-PDO Bergkäse which is characterized by high levels of L. delbrueckii due to its starter culture, and a high free amino acid content from longer ripening, alongside elevated levels of hexanal and acetoin. In contrast, Bergkäse without PDO shows high levels of 2,3-butanediol and 2-nonanone, alongside high levels of L. mesenteroides, L. lactis subsp. lactis, and L. lactis subsp. cremoris. It was possible to distinguish between Tiroler Bergkäse PDO from non-PDO cheeses by microbial, amino acid, and volatile profiles and support the use of advanced methods to characterize regional foods.

蒂罗尔Bergkäse PDO是一种来自蒂罗尔的传统奥地利硬奶酪，是一种具有重要地区意义的产品。本研究旨在通过比较来自蒂罗尔的Bergkäse不含PDO的蒂罗尔和来自南蒂罗尔的Stilfser型奶酪来描述蒂罗尔Bergkäse PDO。为了说明可变性，对每种奶酪分析了三个生产日的三个奶酪轮。多方法表征包括定量聚合酶链反应，离子交换色谱法，顶空-固相微萃取/气相色谱-质谱法。表征tiroller Bergkäse PDO应该具有潜在的独特特征。细菌组成、游离氨基酸含量和挥发分的多因素分析显示，各奶酪之间存在差异（α = 0.05）。三角测试证实了显著的差异，Bergkäse型奶酪和Stilfser型奶酪之间的差异更明显。Stilfser型在细菌组成、氨基酸含量和挥发性特征上表现出明显的差异，使其与Bergkäse型奶酪不太相似。多变量分析还揭示了PDO和非PDO之间的差异Bergkäse，其特征是由于其发酵剂培养而具有高水平的delbrueckii，并且成熟时间较长而具有高游离氨基酸含量，以及高水平的己醛和乙托因。相比之下，不含PDO的Bergkäse显示出高水平的2,3-丁二醇和2-壬酮，以及高水平的肠系膜乳杆菌，乳酸乳杆菌亚种。乳酸菌和乳酸菌亚种。cremoris。可以通过微生物、氨基酸和挥发性特征来区分梯罗勒Bergkäse PDO奶酪和非PDO奶酪，并支持使用先进的方法来表征地区食品。

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引用次数: 0

Post-transcriptional effects of leptin 3′UTR polymorphisms on Milk traits in dairy cattle 瘦素3′utr多态性对奶牛乳性状的转录后影响

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100335

Mingxun Li, Peng Chen, Yangyang Wang, Liangying Zhu, Haoran Jia, Lei Zhang, Shimeng Wang, Yongjiang Mao, Zhangping Yang

Leptin plays a central role in regulating energy balance and lactation in dairy cattle. This study aimed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding and 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTR) of the leptin gene, evaluate their associations with milk production traits, and functionally validate the regulatory effects of key 3′UTR variants on gene expression. Genotyping of 1337 Chinese Holstein cows revealed that c.120 T > C, c.1215 T > C, and c.1761 G > A were polymorphic. The c.120 T > C and c.1215 T > C loci were associated with milk fat, protein, and urea nitrogen levels, whereas c.1761 G > A was associated with increased 305-day milk yield, with cows carrying the GG genotype producing approximately 500 kg more milk than those with the AA genotype. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that the c.1215 T and c.1761 G alleles create potential binding sites for bta-miR-205 and bta-miR-502b, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed allele-specific miRNA regulation, and Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis in mammary tissues and MAC-T cells demonstrated genotype-dependent leptin expression differences. These findings support the hypothesis that 3′UTR polymorphisms modulate leptin expression through miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. The results provide functional markers, particularly c.1761 G > A, with potential utility for marker-assisted and genomic selection in dairy cattle breeding.

瘦素在调节奶牛能量平衡和泌乳中起核心作用。本研究旨在鉴定瘦素基因编码区和3 ‘非翻译区（3 ’ utr）的单核苷酸多态性（snp），评估其与产奶量性状的相关性，并从功能上验证关键3 ' utr变异对基因表达的调控作用。对1337头中国荷斯坦奶牛进行基因分型，结果表明C, C .1215T >； C和C .1761G >； A是多态的。的c.120T >； C和CT >； C位点与乳脂、蛋白质和尿素氮水平相关，而C .1761G >； A与305天产奶量增加有关，携带GG基因型的奶牛产奶量比携带AA基因型的奶牛多约500公斤。生物信息学分析表明，c.1215T和c.1761G等位基因分别为bta-miR-205和bta-miR-502b创造了潜在的结合位点。双荧光素酶报告基因检测证实了等位基因特异性miRNA调控，定量实时PCR （qRT-PCR）分析在乳腺组织和MAC-T细胞中证实了基因型依赖性瘦素表达差异。这些发现支持了3'UTR多态性通过mirna介导的转录后调控调节瘦素表达的假设。结果提供了功能标记，特别是c.1761G >； A，在奶牛育种中具有标记辅助和基因组选择的潜在效用。

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引用次数: 0

A WGS workflow for identifying genetically modified and foodborne-pathogenic Bacillus isolates 鉴定转基因和食源性致病性芽孢杆菌分离物的WGS工作流程

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100338

Maxime Godfroid , Alexander Van Uffelen , Marie-Alice Fraiture , Sigrid C.J. De Keersmaecker , Kevin Vanneste , Nancy H.C. Roosens , Bert Bogaerts

Bacterial contamination of food and feed is an important public health issue that poses potential risks to consumers. Contamination can occur during industrial fermentation and production processes, where genetically modified micro-organisms (GMMs) and toxin-producing bacteria may be present. The Bacillus genus is particularly relevant in this context, as the Bacillus subtilis group is commonly used as GMM, while Bacillus cereus is often associated with foodborne outbreaks. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a widely used method to detect and characterize foodborne pathogens, but comparatively little research has focused on its application to GMMs. Here, we present a WGS-based bioinformatics workflow for the characterization of B. subtilis group and B. cereus group isolates, which includes a novel approach for the detection of known GMMs based on detecting known transgenic elements and host strains. The workflow supports both short-read (Illumina) and long-read (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) sequencing data and performs common genomic assays such as quality checks or taxonomic identification. Additionally, isolates are screened for genes associated with antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes and mobile genetic elements. The workflow largely follows the recent EFSA guidelines for WGS-based characterization of micro-organisms in the food chain. We demonstrate that the workflow correctly identifies known genetically modified B. subtilis strains, while not mislabeling wild-type strains as GMM. Finally, using publicly available datasets, we show that the workflow accurately characterizes and identifies subspecies for B. cereus. This automated solution for detecting known GMMs and foodborne pathogens within the Bacillus genus can support regulatory compliance and contribute to ensure food safety.

食品和饲料的细菌污染是一个重要的公共卫生问题，对消费者构成潜在风险。污染可能发生在工业发酵和生产过程中，其中转基因微生物（GMMs）和产生毒素的细菌可能存在。芽孢杆菌属在这方面特别相关，因为枯草芽孢杆菌群通常被用作GMM，而蜡样芽孢杆菌通常与食源性暴发有关。全基因组测序（WGS）是一种广泛应用于食源性致病菌检测和鉴定的方法，但其在转基因食品中的应用研究相对较少。在此，我们提出了一种基于wgs的生物信息学工作流程，用于鉴定枯草芽孢杆菌群和蜡样芽孢杆菌群的分离物，其中包括一种基于检测已知转基因元件和宿主菌株的已知GMMs的新方法。该工作流程支持短读（Illumina）和长读（Oxford Nanopore Technologies）测序数据，并执行常见的基因组分析，如质量检查或分类鉴定。此外，还筛选了与抗菌素耐药性、毒力基因和可移动遗传元件相关的基因。工作流程主要遵循最近EFSA关于基于wgs的食物链微生物表征指南。我们证明该工作流程正确地识别了已知的转基因枯草芽孢杆菌菌株，而不会将野生型菌株错误地标记为GMM。最后，使用公开可用的数据集，我们表明该工作流准确地表征和识别了蜡样芽孢杆菌的亚种。这种用于检测芽孢杆菌属内已知转基因生物和食源性病原体的自动化解决方案可以支持法规遵从性并有助于确保食品安全。

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引用次数: 0

Oyster-derived polysaccharide modulates lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans via distinct mechanisms from glucose 牡蛎来源的多糖通过葡萄糖的不同机制调节秀丽隐杆线虫的脂质代谢和氧化应激

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100330

Gengxin Hao , Yanwen Ma , Ya Liu , Peng Ye , Xujian Qiu , Baozhi Liu , Shuting Lin

The physiological impact of dietary carbohydrates is intrinsically linked to their structural complexity. This study investigated how the macromolecular architecture of oyster-derived polysaccharides (OPS) elicits metabolic responses distinct from its monosaccharide building block, glucose. We hypothesized that OPS, unlike glucose, mitigates lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans via conserved metabolic and antioxidant pathways. C. elegans were exposed to a range of OPS or glucose concentrations. Phenotypes assessed included lipid accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activities, reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations, and lifespan. Mechanistic insights were derived from qRT-PCR analysis of key genes (including daf-2, daf-16, aak-2) and global untargeted metabolomics. In contrast to glucose, which exacerbated fat storage and oxidative stress, OPS reduced triglyceride content (by 16.9 % at 50 μg/mL, p < 0.01) and enhanced antioxidant defenses (increased SOD activity by 28.6 %, p < 0.05). OPS treatment upregulated genes involved in fatty acid desaturation (fat-6, fat-7) and energy sensing (aak-2), and downregulated the insulin/IGF-1 receptor homolog daf-2. Metabolomics further demonstrated that OPS remodels metabolism toward increased unsaturated fatty acids and enhanced glutathione metabolism. This work confirms that OPS, by virtue of its complex structure, alleviates metabolic dysregulation through mechanisms divergent from glucose, primarily involving the daf-2/daf-16 and AMPK pathways. Our findings provide novel molecular insights into nutrient-specific signaling and position OPS as a promising functional ingredient for metabolic health management.

膳食碳水化合物的生理影响与其结构的复杂性有着内在的联系。本研究探讨了牡蛎衍生多糖（OPS）的大分子结构如何引起与其单糖构建块葡萄糖不同的代谢反应。我们假设，与葡萄糖不同，OPS通过保守的代谢和抗氧化途径减轻秀丽隐杆线虫的脂质积累和氧化应激。秀丽隐杆线虫暴露于一系列的OPS或葡萄糖浓度。表型评估包括脂质积累、抗氧化酶活性、活性氧（ROS）浓度和寿命。通过对关键基因（包括daf-2， daf-16, aak-2）和全球非靶向代谢组学的qRT-PCR分析，获得了机制见解。与葡萄糖增加脂肪储存和氧化应激相比，OPS降低甘油三酯含量（50 μg/mL时降低16.9%,p < 0.01），增强抗氧化防御（使SOD活性提高28.6%,p < 0.05）。OPS处理上调了参与脂肪酸去饱和（fat-6, fat-7）和能量感应（aak-2）的基因，下调了胰岛素/IGF-1受体同源物daf-2。代谢组学进一步证明，OPS重塑了代谢，增加了不饱和脂肪酸和谷胱甘肽的代谢。本研究证实，OPS凭借其复杂的结构，通过不同于葡萄糖的机制，主要涉及daf-2/daf-16和AMPK途径，缓解代谢失调。我们的发现为营养特异性信号提供了新的分子见解，并将OPS定位为代谢健康管理的有前途的功能成分。

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引用次数: 0

Glutathione and astaxanthin: Both enhance antioxidant capacity and regulate lipid metabolism in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed with high-lipid diets 谷胱甘肽和虾青素：高脂饲料能提高凡纳滨对虾的抗氧化能力和调节脂质代谢

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100331

Jiandong Chen , Tao Cheng , Xiang Si , Fan Yang , Jianhua Yi , Zhilong Yang , Zhaowen Li , Beiping Tan , Chunfeng Yao , Shuyan Chi

Glutathione (GSH) and astaxanthin (AX) have the function of helping lipid metabolism and antioxidant capacity; which one is better? The feeding experiment of an 8 weeks was conducted to investigate the advantages of these two working on Litopenaeus vannamei fed with high-lipid diets. Four diets were formulated: basal diet (CON, 9 % lipid content); high-lipid diet (HL, 11 % lipid content); and supplementation with 6.7 g/kg Glutathione-rich yeast hydrolysate (GSH, 5 %) and 0.3 g/kg Carophyll^Ⓡ Pink (AX, 10 %) based on the HL diet, recorded as HLG and HLA, respectively. The results demonstrated a clear distinction between these two supplements. Compared to the HL group, shrimp in the HLG and HLA groups exhibited a consistent pattern of improvement that significantly reduced hepatic triglyceride levels, markedly downregulated expression of the fatty acid synthase (fas) gene, and enhanced activities of the key antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Compared to the HLA group, the HLG group exhibited upregulation of triacylglycerol lipase (tgl) and glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase (g6pdh) gene expression and lower TG content. Shrimp fed HLG diet exhibited superior overall performance, maintaining growth at levels equivalent to the control (CON) group. Specifically, the HLG group showed significantly greater thickness of intestinal muscular layer, and height and width for intestinal villus compared to both the HL and HLA groups (P < 0.05). In summary, while both additives mitigated hepatic lipid accumulation and oxidative stress, GSH delivered stronger benefits for growth performance through regulating antioxidant capacity and intestinal health when shrimp fed high-lipid diet.

谷胱甘肽（GSH）和虾青素（AX）具有促进脂质代谢和抗氧化能力的功能；哪个更好？通过为期8周的饲养试验，探讨这两种饲料对高脂饲料喂养的凡纳滨对虾的优势。配制4种饲粮：基础饲粮（CON，脂肪含量9%）；高脂饮食（HL， 11%脂含量）；在HL日粮基础上添加6.7 g/kg富谷胱甘肽酵母水解物（GSH, 5%）和0.3 g/kg carophylⓇPink (AX, 10%)，分别记为HLG和HLA。结果表明这两种补品之间有明显的区别。与HL组相比，HLG组和HLA组对虾的改善模式一致，肝脏甘油三酯水平显著降低，脂肪酸合成酶（fas）基因表达显著下调，关键抗氧化酶过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性增强。与HLA组相比，HLG组三酰甘油脂肪酶（tgl）和葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（g6pdh）基因表达上调，TG含量降低。饲喂HLG饲料的对虾表现出优异的综合性能，其生长水平与对照组相当。其中，HLG组肠道肌层厚度、肠绒毛高度和宽度均显著高于HL组和HLA组（P < 0.05）。综上所述，虽然这两种添加剂都减轻了肝脏脂肪积累和氧化应激，但谷胱甘肽通过调节高脂饲料对虾的抗氧化能力和肠道健康，对生长性能有更大的好处。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals regulatory mechanisms underlying coloration differences in the pericarps of two Litchi cultivars 综合转录组学和代谢组学分析揭示了两个荔枝品种果皮颜色差异的调控机制

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100333

Yanzhao Chen , Boxing Shang , Rui Xu , Fangjun Wei , Yanwei Ouyang , Hongna Zhang , Yongzan Wei

The color of the litchi pericarp, a crucial external quality attribute, is primarily influenced by the accumulation of anthocyanins and the degradation of chlorophyll. Despite this understanding, the metabolic regulatory networks and key molecular nodes responsible for cultivar-specific color variations remain inadequately characterized, thereby hindering efforts to improve quality. This study utilized the red-pericarp cultivar ‘Ziniangxi’ (ZNX) and the green-pericarp cultivar ‘Guanyinlv’ (GYL) to conduct integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. The findings revealed that ZNX pericarps exhibited significantly elevated levels of key anthocyanins, including cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside. In contrast, GYL pericarps contained only trace amounts of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside but were rich in flavonoids such as pelargonidin-3-O-galactoside, lonicerin, and rutin. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of structural genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were significantly upregulated during the ripening of ZNX fruit. In contrast, in the pericarps of GYL, the expression of CHS, F3H, and ANS genes was downregulated throughout the ripening process, whereas the expression levels of F3’H, UFGT, and GST genes remained consistently low. The study utilized Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify MYB, ERF, and WRKY TFs, along with salicylic acid signaling genes (NPR1, TGA, PR1) and a cytokinin signaling gene (AHP), which potentially constitute a synergistic regulatory network influencing variations in anthocyanin accumulation. This research elucidates the metabolic and regulatory mechanisms underlying the differentiation of litchi pericarp coloration, thereby advancing the theoretical framework of plant anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, it offers valuable genetic resources and theoretical insights for the enhancement of litchi's external quality and the development of new cultivars.

荔枝果皮的颜色是荔枝重要的外部品质属性，主要受花青素积累和叶绿素降解的影响。尽管有这样的认识，但负责品种特异性颜色变化的代谢调节网络和关键分子节点仍然没有得到充分的表征，从而阻碍了提高质量的努力。本研究利用红果皮品种‘紫娘溪’（ZNX）和绿果皮品种‘观音绿’（GYL）进行了综合代谢组学和转录组学分析。结果表明，ZNX果皮中主要花青素（花青素-3- o -半乳糖苷、花青素-3- o -葡萄糖苷、花青素-3- o -芦丁苷）含量显著升高。相比之下，GYL果皮只含有微量的花青素-3- o -芦丁苷，但富含天竺葵苷-3- o -半乳糖苷、忍冬苷和芦丁等黄酮类化合物。转录组分析表明，在ZNX果实成熟过程中，花青素生物合成途径相关结构基因的表达水平显著上调。相比之下，在GYL果皮中，CHS、F3H和ANS基因在整个成熟过程中表达下调，而F3'H、UFGT和GST基因的表达水平一直保持在较低水平。本研究利用加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）鉴定了MYB、ERF和WRKY TFs，以及水杨酸信号基因（NPR1、TGA、PR1）和细胞分裂素信号基因（AHP），它们可能构成影响花青素积累变化的协同调控网络。本研究阐明了荔枝果皮颜色分化的代谢和调控机制，从而完善了植物花青素生物合成的理论框架。为提高荔枝的外部品质和培育荔枝新品种提供了宝贵的遗传资源和理论依据。

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引用次数: 0