Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences最新文献_第7页

Differential regulatory effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide components in cyclophosphamide-treated immunosuppressed mice: reshaping of the gut microbiota 枸杞多糖成分在环磷酰胺处理免疫抑制小鼠中的差异调节作用：肠道微生物群的重塑

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100305

Xin An , Yuan Chen , Yufei Chu , Mengjia Zhang , Ye Liu , Yuejuan Zhao , Shan Wu , Qian Liu

Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) have recently attracted considerable attention for their immunomodulatory potential. However, their complex structures hinder efficient isolation and purification, making it challenging to identify the active components and establish clear structure-function relationships. We hypothesized that various LBP components exert distinct immunomodulatory effects by modulating gut microbiota composition and host metabolism. In this study, LBP fractions with distinct physicochemical properties were obtained via graded ethanol precipitation and evaluated using a cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mouse model. Immunomodulatory effects and underlying mechanisms were investigated through gut microbiota profiling, short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) quantification, and serum metabolomics analysis. The results showed that various LBP components alleviated CTX-induced weight loss, protected immune organs, enhanced the secretion of immune-related cytokines, and improved the activity of liver antioxidant enzymes to varying degrees. Various LBP components distinctly reshaped the gut microbiota composition and SCFAs production. Among them, the LBP3 component exhibited the strongest immunomodulatory activity, markedly enhanced acetic and propionic acids concentrations as well as the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Akkermansia. Furthermore, Serum metabolomics revealed that LBP3 intervention significantly upregulated metabolite levels, including inosine, pentadecanoic acid, propionylcarnitine, and fucoxanthin. These findings confirm our hypothesis that structurally distinct LBP components exert differential immunomodulatory effects by modulating gut microbiota and host metabolism, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the targeted development of LBP-based functional foods and natural immunomodulators.

枸杞多糖（Lycium barbarum polysaccharides, lbp）近年来因其具有免疫调节作用而受到广泛关注。然而，它们复杂的结构阻碍了有效的分离和纯化，使得鉴定有效成分和建立明确的结构-功能关系具有挑战性。我们假设各种LBP成分通过调节肠道菌群组成和宿主代谢发挥不同的免疫调节作用。在本研究中，通过分级乙醇沉淀获得具有不同物理化学性质的LBP组分，并使用环磷酰胺（CTX）诱导的免疫抑制小鼠模型进行评估。通过肠道菌群分析、短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）定量和血清代谢组学分析来研究免疫调节作用及其机制。结果表明，LBP各成分均能不同程度地缓解ctx诱导的体重下降，保护免疫器官，增强免疫相关细胞因子的分泌，提高肝脏抗氧化酶的活性。各种LBP成分明显地重塑了肠道微生物群组成和scfa的产生。其中，LBP3组分表现出最强的免疫调节活性，显著提高了乙酸和丙酸浓度以及双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、拟杆菌和Akkermansia的相对丰度。此外，血清代谢组学研究显示，LBP3干预显著上调代谢物水平，包括肌苷、五酸、丙酰肉碱和岩藻黄素。这些发现证实了我们的假设，即结构上不同的LBP成分通过调节肠道菌群和宿主代谢而发挥不同的免疫调节作用，从而为针对性地开发基于LBP的功能食品和天然免疫调节剂提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Varietal differences in protein body distribution and pearling fraction flour quality response to different nitrogen application rates in wheat 不同施氮量对小麦蛋白质体分布及珍珠率、面粉品质的影响

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100307

Yuhua Chen , Shunyuan Wang , Mingsheng Pan , Hengtong Wang , Xinsu Sun , Jian Cai , Qin Zhou , Dong Jiang , Yingxin Zhong

Nitrogen (N) enhances wheat protein content and flour nutritional quality. The protein content of wheat grain exhibits significant variations across different pearling fractions, which affect the processing quality of the resulting flour. We hypothesize that varietal differences in protein body distribution under different nitrogen application levels are directly regulated by the expression levels of genes involved in protein biosynthesis. This study aims to determine and characterize this relationship. Herein, the wheat varieties Ningmai 13 with relatively low protein content, Yangmai 16 with moderate protein content, and Xumai 32 with high protein content were subjected to two different levels of nitrogen application. The addition of N changed the spatial distribution of gliadin, glutenin, and protein across wheat varieties. The influence of N on the spatial expression of genes associated with amino acid biosynthesis, ribosome biosynthesis, and protein processing was genotype-dependent. Correlation analysis indicated that arginine succinate synthase (argG), translation initiation factor 6 (EIF6), and calnexin (CNX) may serve as potential targets for the modification of protein gradients via nitrogen coordination. The findings offer spatial insights into varietal differences in protein response to N levels, thereby establishing a mechanistic basis for molecular breeding strategies targeting the identified genes to develop optimized varieties. The goal of these strategies is the production of superior flour from specific pearling fractions for enhanced baking quality.

氮(N)提高小麦蛋白质含量和面粉营养品质。小麦籽粒蛋白质含量在不同珠光组分间表现出显著差异，从而影响面粉的加工品质。我们推测不同施氮水平下蛋白质体分布的品种差异直接受到蛋白质生物合成相关基因表达水平的调控。本研究旨在确定和描述这种关系。以蛋白质含量相对较低的宁麦13号、蛋白质含量中等的扬麦16号和蛋白质含量较高的徐麦32号分别进行2个不同水平的施氮处理。施氮改变了麦胶蛋白、谷蛋白和蛋白质在小麦品种间的空间分布。氮对氨基酸生物合成、核糖体生物合成和蛋白质加工相关基因空间表达的影响具有基因型依赖性。相关分析表明，精氨酸琥珀酸合成酶（argG）、翻译起始因子6 （EIF6）和钙连联蛋白（CNX）可能是通过氮配位修饰蛋白质梯度的潜在靶点。这一发现为了解不同品种对氮水平的蛋白质响应差异提供了空间视角，从而为针对所鉴定基因的分子育种策略建立了机制基础，从而培育出优化的品种。这些策略的目标是从特定的珠光部分生产优质面粉，以提高烘焙质量。

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引用次数: 0

Exogenous proline regulates the antioxidation system and fruit quality of cherry tomatoes under chilling storage: Integrated physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic study 外源脯氨酸对冷藏樱桃番茄抗氧化系统和果实品质的调控：生理、代谢组学和转录组学综合研究

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100311

Suihua Huang , Quanqing Deng , Kaixin Bao , Jianneng Chen , Xuqiao Deng , Xu Wang

Cherry tomatoes fruits suffer from chilling stress during storage. Proline (Pro) is a vital amino acid to alleviate the stress. However, the biochemical mechanisms remained unclear. A field experiment was conducted with spraying distilled water (T0) or Pro solution during the growth period (T1); mature fruits were sampled at the date of harvest (D0) and stored at 4 °C for 20 d after harvest (D1). Results showed that the alanine content was increased by 1.7 %–8.0 % while the arginine content was reduced by 12.7 %–61.5 % under D1T1 compared with D1T0. The sugar acid ratio in D0T1 vs D1T1 was reduced to 65.9 % lower than that in D0T0 vs D1T0, although Pro treatment decreased the sugar acid ratio. Multivariate analysis revealed that PC1 accounted for 93.1 % in principal component analysis. The enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, the amino acid content of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid were positively related to Pro content. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed metabolites and genes were enriched in phenylalanine metabolism and lignin biosynthesis pathways. CCoAOMT was a putative gene responsible for the changes. Applications of Pro regulated the level of relevant amino acids and antioxidants, preserving the flavor quality after chilling storage in cherry tomatoes.

圣女果在贮藏过程中受到低温胁迫。脯氨酸（Pro）是缓解应激的重要氨基酸。然而，其生化机制尚不清楚。田间试验，在生长期（T1）喷洒蒸馏水（T0）或Pro溶液；成熟果实在采收日（D0）取样，采收后在4℃下保存20 d （D1）。结果表明，与D1T0相比，D1T1处理下的丙氨酸含量提高了1.7% ~ 8.0%，精氨酸含量降低了12.7% ~ 61.5%。虽然Pro处理降低了糖酸比，但D0T1与D1T1的糖酸比比D0T0与D1T0的糖酸比降低了65.9%。多因素分析显示PC1在主成分分析中占93.1%。超氧化物歧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性、谷氨酸和γ-氨基丁酸的氨基酸含量与Pro含量呈正相关。综合代谢组学和转录组学分析显示，差异表达的代谢物和基因在苯丙氨酸代谢和木质素生物合成途径中富集。CCoAOMT被认为是导致这些变化的基因。Pro的应用调节了相关氨基酸和抗氧化剂的水平，保持了樱桃番茄冷藏后的风味品质。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated physiological, biochemical and transcriptomic analyses revealed key genes regulating ascorbic acid biosynthesis during sweet potato development 综合生理、生化和转录组学分析揭示了甘薯发育过程中调节抗坏血酸生物合成的关键基因

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100310

Qian Zhou , Yajie Wang , Letan Luo , Yongxin Li , Wanying Ge , Huqing Yang

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) is a globally important food crop with higher ascorbic acid (AsA) content than most staple crops. However, the regulatory mechanisms of AsA accumulation in sweet potato remain unclear. In this study, we systematically examined the regulatory network of AsA metabolism by integrating physiological and biochemical analyses with transcriptome sequencing in four representative varieties. The results revealed significant variation in AsA accumulation during root development, ranging from 10.96 to 36.45 mg/100 g FW. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that AsA biosynthesis is mainly regulated through the L-galactose pathway, involving the genes HK, PMI, PMM, GME, and GalLDH, and the myo-inositol pathway represented by MIOX. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) further identified MIOX as a highly connected hub gene within the AsA-associated network module. These findings provide important insights into the molecular basis of AsA metabolism in sweet potato and highlight promising candidate genes for future functional validation and molecular breeding efforts aimed at enhancing nutritional quality.

甘薯（Ipomoea batatas Lam.）是全球重要的粮食作物，其抗坏血酸（AsA）含量高于大多数主要作物。然而，甘薯中AsA积累的调控机制尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们通过将生理生化分析与转录组测序相结合，系统地研究了四个代表性品种的AsA代谢调控网络。结果表明，根发育过程中AsA积累量变化显著，在10.96 ~ 36.45 mg/100 g FW之间。代谢途径分析表明，AsA的生物合成主要通过l -半乳糖途径调控，涉及HK、PMI、PMM、GME、GalLDH等基因，以及以MIOX为代表的肌醇途径。加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）进一步确定MIOX是asa相关网络模块中高度连接的枢纽基因。这些发现为甘薯AsA代谢的分子基础提供了重要的见解，并为未来的功能验证和旨在提高营养品质的分子育种工作提供了有希望的候选基因。

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引用次数: 0

Male-specific amelioration of lipid metabolism by edible insect Locusta migratoria in rats fed a cholesterol diet: Ingredients, mechanisms, and sex-differences 食用昆虫迁徙蝗对饲喂胆固醇饮食的大鼠脂质代谢的雄性特异性改善：成分、机制和性别差异

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100303

Masaru Ochiai , Yume Takahashi , Bungo Shirouchi , Yoshihiro Suzuki , Kanan Mine , Tatsuyuki Takahashi , Jun Nagasao

Edible insects are expected to become alternative and sustainable food resources that will help ensure food security. Among them, the migratory locust (ML), which contains n-3 fatty acids (FA) that bind multiple lipid species, phytosterols, chitin, and resistant proteins, could ameliorate dyslipidemia by improving lipoprotein metabolism. However, since the positive effects of female hormones on lipid metabolism are well-known, the effects of ML supplementation on lipid metabolism may differ between sexes. This study investigated the ability of the ML supplementation to improve lipid metabolism in male and premenopausal female rats fed a 0.5% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks. Notably only in male rats, ML supplementation exhibited reduced plasma lipid levels in all major lipoprotein fractions, particularly the very small low-density lipoprotein fractions, which are more closely related to dyslipidemia. In the liver of male rats, ML supplementation suppressed enzymatic activities and mRNA expressions related to FA synthesis, FA desaturation, very low-density lipoprotein formation, and cholesterol synthesis, as well as dietary lipid absorption. Additionally in the cecum of male rats, ML supplementation increased certain alpha diversity indices and the abundance of the Akkermansia genus, which can improve lipid metabolism. Furthermore, ML supplementation increased anti-inflammatory n-3 FA levels, whereas suppressed inflammation-induced n-6 FA levels in the plasma and liver, and increased fecal lipid content in rats regardless of sex. Overall, ML supplementation was found to have an improvement effect on lipid metabolism, particularly in male rats, by suppressing lipid absorption and hepatic lipogenesis, as well as altering the cecal microbiota.

食用昆虫有望成为可替代和可持续的粮食资源，有助于确保粮食安全。其中，飞蝗（ML）含有n-3脂肪酸（FA），可结合多种脂类、植物甾醇、几丁质和抗性蛋白，可通过改善脂蛋白代谢来改善血脂异常。然而，由于女性激素对脂质代谢的积极作用是众所周知的，因此补充ML对脂质代谢的影响可能会因性别而异。本研究考察了添加ML对饲喂0.5%胆固醇饲料4周的雄性和绝经前雌性大鼠脂质代谢的改善能力。值得注意的是，仅在雄性大鼠中，补充ML可降低所有主要脂蛋白部分的血浆脂质水平，特别是与血脂异常密切相关的非常小的低密度脂蛋白部分。在雄性大鼠肝脏中，添加ML抑制了与FA合成、FA去饱和、极低密度脂蛋白形成、胆固醇合成以及膳食脂质吸收相关的酶活性和mRNA表达。此外，在雄性大鼠盲肠中，添加ML可增加某些α多样性指数和Akkermansia属的丰度，从而改善脂质代谢。此外，ML的补充增加了抗炎的n-3 FA水平，同时抑制了血浆和肝脏中炎症诱导的n-6 FA水平，并增加了大鼠的粪便脂质含量。总的来说，发现补充ML通过抑制脂质吸收和肝脏脂肪生成以及改变盲肠微生物群，对脂质代谢有改善作用，特别是在雄性大鼠中。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling identifies IbADCL1 as a key regulator of folate biosynthesis in sweet potato storage roots 综合转录组学和代谢组学分析鉴定IbADCL1是甘薯储存根中叶酸生物合成的关键调节因子

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100302

Qingming Ren , Yingzhi Wu , Huiyu Gao , Qi Ma , Xinli Liu , Yinghui Li , Xiaoxi Zhen , Yuanhuai Han , Bin Zhang

We hypothesized that key regulatory genes in the folate biosynthesis pathway could be identified through integrated multi-omics analysis and functionally validated to enhance folate accumulation in sweet potato storage roots. Folate, an essential micronutrient in plant metabolism and human diets, shows poorly characterized accumulation mechanisms in sweet potato storage roots. Comparative profiling of 26 cultivars identified low- (968–19) and high-folate (Y25) varieties. Integrated multi-omics analysis of tuber tissues across developmental stages revealed 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate (5-FTHF) as principal determinants of folate variation. Differential expression analysis pinpointed IbADCL1, encoding 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase, as a putative regulatory gene. Heterologous overexpression of IbADCL1 in 968–19 triggered 177–222% increases in total folate, with 5-MTHF and 5-FTHF levels elevated by 184–224% and 40–142%, respectively, versus wild-type controls. This study establishes IbADCL1 as a rate-limiting controller of folate biosynthesis, offering molecular targets for metabolic engineering to enhance nutritional quality in sweet potato.

我们假设叶酸生物合成途径的关键调控基因可以通过综合多组学分析识别并功能验证，以促进叶酸在甘薯储存根中的积累。叶酸是植物代谢和人类饮食中必需的微量营养素，但其在甘薯储存根中的积累机制尚不清楚。对26个品种进行比较分析，鉴定出低叶酸（968-19）和高叶酸（Y25）品种。不同发育阶段块茎组织的综合多组学分析显示，5-甲基四氢叶酸（5-MTHF）和5-甲酰四氢叶酸（5-FTHF）是叶酸变化的主要决定因素。差异表达分析确定编码4-氨基-4-脱氧choris酸裂解酶的IbADCL1为推测的调控基因。与野生型对照相比，968-19年IbADCL1的异源过表达引发总叶酸增加177-222%，5-MTHF和5-FTHF水平分别升高184-224%和40-142%。本研究确定了IbADCL1作为叶酸生物合成的限速控制器，为代谢工程提高甘薯营养品质提供了分子靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Metabolic-inhibitor profiling links phenotype and transcriptome of Lachancea thermotolerans to wine fermentation chemistry 代谢抑制剂分析将耐高温葡萄树表型和转录组与葡萄酒发酵化学联系起来

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100301

Samuel Jimena-López , Javier Vicente , Santiago Benito , Domingo Marquina , Antonio Santos

We applied targeted metabolic inhibitors to 145 Lachancea thermotolerans strains to uncover fermentation traits with direct relevance to wine quality. Oxamate, a lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor, reduced lactic acid and total titratable acidity by 21% and 26%, respectively, while increasing succinic acid and pH without affecting ethanol levels, offering a promising strategy to fine-tune wine freshness and balance. Notably, industrial grape-associated strains (clusters C4–C6) maintained robust growth under oxamate stress, unlike wild strains, positioning oxamate resistance as a practical marker for selecting high-performing, acidifying yeasts for winemaking. Additional inhibitors such as metformin shifted redox metabolism, significantly enhancing glycerol (+25%) and acetic acid (+319%) production. Transcriptomic analyses showed that OXA alone, and even more so the DSF + OXA combination, repressed LDH2 and upregulated GPD1 and oxidative phosphorylation genes, whereas MET caused only moderate changes. This integrated phenomic-transcriptomic approach not only provides valuable tools for yeast screening but also defines a roadmap for optimizing wine composition through the precision selection of L. thermotolerans strains.

我们对145株耐高温葡萄球菌进行了靶向代谢抑制剂研究，以揭示与葡萄酒品质直接相关的发酵特性。草酸酯是一种乳酸脱氢酶抑制剂，可使乳酸和总可滴定酸度分别降低21%和26%，同时在不影响乙醇水平的情况下增加琥珀酸和pH值，为调整葡萄酒的新鲜度和平衡性提供了一种有前途的策略。值得注意的是，与野生菌株不同，工业葡萄相关菌株（簇C4-C6）在草酸盐胁迫下保持了强劲的生长，将草酸盐抗性定位为选择高性能酸化酿酒酵母的实用标记。二甲双胍等其他抑制剂改变了氧化还原代谢，显著提高了甘油（+25%）和乙酸（+319%）的产量。转录组学分析表明，OXA单独，甚至DSF + OXA组合，抑制LDH2，上调GPD1和氧化磷酸化基因，而MET只引起适度的变化。这种综合的表型-转录组学方法不仅为酵母筛选提供了有价值的工具，而且为通过精确选择耐高温L.菌株来优化葡萄酒成分确定了路线图。

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引用次数: 0

Biaxially oriented polyethylene film preserves nutritional quality and extends the shelf life of postharvest peaches 双轴定向聚乙烯薄膜保留了桃子的营养品质，延长了采后的保质期

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100300

Zhen Wang , Wan-Ken Chen , Kai-Ye Shi , Le-Ying Yan , Song-Li Han , Hui Zhou , Gai-Fang Yao , Hong Wang , Pedro Garcia-Caparros , Hua Zhang

Biaxially oriented polyethylene (BOPE) is a high-strength, lightweight polyethylene material with superior barrier properties. In this study, peaches were packaged using either polyethylene (PE) or BOPE film. The peaches packaged in BOPE film maintained better firmness, color retention, antioxidant content, and nutritional quality than control peaches and those packaged in PE film. Transcriptome sequencing revealed 1041 differentially expressed genes in BOPE-packaged fruit compared with that in the control, and these were enriched in the pyruvate metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism pathways. Physiological analyses demonstrated that BOPE packaging reduced malondialdehyde accumulation and increased peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, potentially limiting membrane peroxidation and senescence. BOPE-packaged fruit also retained higher levels of soluble sugars, reducing sugars, free amino acids, and proline, which are critical for fruit flavor and stress adaptation. Together, these results underscore the potential of BOPE as a novel packaging material for the preservation of fruits and vegetables.

双轴定向聚乙烯（hope）是一种高强度、轻质的聚乙烯材料，具有优异的阻隔性能。在这项研究中，桃子用聚乙烯（PE）或hope薄膜包装。与对照桃和PE包装桃相比，PE包装桃的硬度、保色性、抗氧化剂含量和营养品质均有所提高。转录组测序显示，与对照相比，bope包装的果实中有1041个差异表达基因，这些基因富集于丙酮酸代谢、类黄酮生物合成和谷胱甘肽代谢途径。生理分析表明，hope包装减少了丙二醛的积累，增加了过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性，潜在地限制了膜过氧化和衰老。使用hope包装的水果还保留了较高水平的可溶性糖、还原糖、游离氨基酸和脯氨酸，这些对水果风味和适应压力至关重要。总之，这些结果强调了hope作为一种保存水果和蔬菜的新型包装材料的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Fatty acid composition and gene regulatory network analysis of pectoral muscle in pigeons across developmental stages 不同发育阶段鸽子胸肌脂肪酸组成及基因调控网络分析

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100299

Suwei Zheng , Haobin Hou , Xin Li , Xiaoliang Wang , Qiang Meng , Zihan Qiao , Yingying Tu , Yunzhou Yang , Daqian He , Xiaohui Shen , Junfeng Yao

Fatty acid composition is crucial for determining meat quality. Pigeon meat, renowned for its tender texture, high protein content, and abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs), yet the developmental dynamics and molecular mechanisms of intramuscular fatty acid deposition remain unclear. Previous studies suggest that lipid metabolism is often governed by coordinated gene expression programs. Therefore, we hypothesized that fatty acid profiles in pigeon muscle are regulated by gene co-expression modules identifiable via weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). To test this, we analyzed pectoral muscles from pigeons at five developmental stages (28 days to 48 months) using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and transcriptomic sequencing. A total of 39 fatty acids were identified, with key PUFAs such as DHA increasing and EPA decreasing over time, while overall MUFAs declined and PUFAs peaked at 6 months, revealing distinct stage-dependent patterns in fatty acid composition. WGCNA revealed that three gene modules (green, yellow, turquoise) were significantly associated with fatty acid traits. GO Enrichment analysis indicated their involvement in ribosome activity, mitochondrial pathways, and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, while KEGG pathway highlighted oxidative phosphorylation and phosphatidylinositol signaling. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis pinpointed hub genes, including RPS16, NDUFS6, RHOJ, and NUDT12 as key regulators of fatty acid metabolism. This study provides the first co-expression network linking fatty acid composition with transcriptional regulation in pigeons, broadening WGCNA application in avian lipid metabolism. The findings offer new insights into gene networks underlying lipid deposition and suggest targets for improving meat quality through molecular breeding.

脂肪酸组成是决定肉品质的关键。鸽肉以其柔软的质地、高蛋白含量和丰富的多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）而闻名，但其肌内脂肪酸沉积的发育动力学和分子机制尚不清楚。先前的研究表明，脂质代谢通常由协调的基因表达程序控制。因此，我们假设鸽子肌肉中的脂肪酸谱是由加权基因共表达网络分析（WGCNA）识别的基因共表达模块调节的。为了验证这一点，我们使用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）和转录组测序分析了鸽子在5个发育阶段（28天至48个月）的胸肌。总共鉴定出39种脂肪酸，随着时间的推移，关键的PUFAs如DHA增加和EPA减少，而总体MUFAs减少，PUFAs在6个月时达到峰值，揭示了脂肪酸组成的不同阶段依赖模式。WGCNA显示，三个基因模块（绿色、黄色、绿松石色）与脂肪酸性状显著相关。氧化石墨烯富集分析表明，它们参与核糖体活性、线粒体途径和不饱和脂肪酸生物合成，而KEGG途径则参与氧化磷酸化和磷脂酰肌醇信号传导。蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）分析确定了枢纽基因，包括RPS16， NDUFS6， RHOJ和NUDT12是脂肪酸代谢的关键调节因子。本研究首次在鸽子中建立了脂肪酸组成与转录调控的共表达网络，拓宽了WGCNA在禽类脂质代谢中的应用。这些发现为研究脂肪沉积的基因网络提供了新的见解，并为通过分子育种改善肉质提供了靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Combined microbiome and metabolome analysis of Dacha and Ercha fermented grains of Fen-flavor Baijiu 汾味白酒大茶和二茶发酵颗粒微生物组和代谢组联合分析

IF 4.7 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2025.100298

Dingwu Qu , Yurong Wang , Lubo Cao , Qiangchuan Hou , Zhongjun Liu , Ji'an Zhong , Zhuang Guo

Fen-flavor Baijiu is produced via two fermentation rounds (Dacha and Ercha), and quality is shaped by microbes in fermented grains. We hypothesized that the two rounds select distinct lactic acid bacteria (LAB) consortia with different metabolic potentials that associate with stage-specific metabolites and flavor compounds. We profiled 24 fermented-grain samples using shotgun metagenomics and untargeted metabolomics. Ercha showed lower alpha-diversity and a composition distinct from Dacha. Lactobacillus acetotolerans dominated Dacha, whereas Acetilactobacillus jinshanensis dominated Ercha. We detected 225 differential metabolites; 12 involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were higher in Dacha, while pyrimidine metabolism was more prominent in Ercha. Several LAB species—including L. acetotolerans, Lentilactobacillus hilgardii, Lactobacillus amylovorus, and Lactobacillus amylolyticus—showed positive correlations with these flavonoids. Genes encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase and acetate kinase were mainly carried by L. acetotolerans and associated with acetic acid and ethyl acetate in fermented grains. These outcomes supported our hypothesis and suggested actionable levers for production: stage-targeted monitoring of marker taxa/genes and rational starter design to steer flavor formation in Fen-flavor Baijiu.

汾味白酒通过两轮发酵（Dacha和Ercha）生产，质量由发酵谷物中的微生物决定。我们假设这两轮选择了不同的乳酸菌（LAB）联合体，它们具有不同的代谢潜力，与特定阶段的代谢物和风味化合物相关。我们使用散弹枪宏基因组学和非靶向代谢组学分析了24份发酵谷物样本。额尔恰的α多样性较低，组成与达恰不同。Dacha以醋酸耐受乳杆菌为主，而Ercha以金山醋酸乳杆菌为主。我们检测到225种差异代谢物；大茶中参与类黄酮生物合成的12个基因较多，而二茶中参与嘧啶代谢的基因较多。几种乳酸菌——包括乳酸耐受性乳杆菌、hilgardii慢乳杆菌、淀粉样乳杆菌和溶淀粉乳杆菌——与这些类黄酮呈正相关。l -乳酸脱氢酶和乙酸激酶编码基因主要由L. acetotoler耐受菌携带，与发酵谷物中的乙酸和乙酸乙酯有关。这些结果支持了我们的假设，并提出了可操作的生产杠杆：分阶段监测标记分类群/基因和合理设计发酵剂来控制汾味白酒的风味形成。

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