Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100259
Jia Liu, Wei Gao, Fen Guo, Yuan Zhang, Yanpeng Cai
Anthropogenic nutrient inputs in developing countries have substantially shaped global nutrient balance pattern for the past decades, responsible for the expanding eutrophication and pollutions. The massive alteration of socioeconomic factors and dietary habit make it difficult to identify their specific impacts on nutrient balance. This study utilized the net anthropogenic nitrogen (NANI) and phosphorus (NAPI) inputs models to calculate human induced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs in China from 1949 to 2022, and applied the XGBoost–SHAP algorithm to estimate the driving forces of socio–economic and dietary structure on them. Our findings revealed that both nutrient inputs peaked around 2014–2015 before declining and fertilizer application was the primary contributor (56% for N, 63% for P) from 1949 to 2022. Great variation of NANI and NAPI evolution patten was found in different regions. Eastern and southern provinces (e.g., Henan, Shanghai) had the highest inputs, while western regions (e.g., Tibet) had the lowest, correlating with economic and population density disparities. Spatial clustering highlighted the need for region–specific nutrient management strategies. Dietary shifts showed increased animal–based food consumption (6.89–fold rise) and urban–rural disparities, with developed regions exceeding recommended intake levels. Driving factors for NANI and NAPI differed by regions of different development stage. Urbanization and GDP were dominant drivers in developed areas (Type I), while population was key in less–developed regions (Type II). These findings underscore the importance of tailored policies to address nutrient pollution and dietary impacts, and provide new insights for formulating nutrient mitigation strategies.
{"title":"Revealing long-term dynamics and spatiotemporal drivers of anthropogenic nutrients inputs in China: The effects of dietary and socioeconomic factors","authors":"Jia Liu, Wei Gao, Fen Guo, Yuan Zhang, Yanpeng Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthropogenic nutrient inputs in developing countries have substantially shaped global nutrient balance pattern for the past decades, responsible for the expanding eutrophication and pollutions. The massive alteration of socioeconomic factors and dietary habit make it difficult to identify their specific impacts on nutrient balance. This study utilized the net anthropogenic nitrogen (NANI) and phosphorus (NAPI) inputs models to calculate human induced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs in China from 1949 to 2022, and applied the XGBoost–SHAP algorithm to estimate the driving forces of socio–economic and dietary structure on them. Our findings revealed that both nutrient inputs peaked around 2014–2015 before declining and fertilizer application was the primary contributor (56% for N, 63% for P) from 1949 to 2022. Great variation of NANI and NAPI evolution patten was found in different regions. Eastern and southern provinces (e.g., Henan, Shanghai) had the highest inputs, while western regions (e.g., Tibet) had the lowest, correlating with economic and population density disparities. Spatial clustering highlighted the need for region–specific nutrient management strategies. Dietary shifts showed increased animal–based food consumption (6.89–fold rise) and urban–rural disparities, with developed regions exceeding recommended intake levels. Driving factors for NANI and NAPI differed by regions of different development stage. Urbanization and GDP were dominant drivers in developed areas (Type I), while population was key in less–developed regions (Type II). These findings underscore the importance of tailored policies to address nutrient pollution and dietary impacts, and provide new insights for formulating nutrient mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100259"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100269
Hao Chen , Weihua Su , Song Wu , Yunfei Yu , Dengjun Wang , Qinglong Fu , Yujun Wang , Dongmei Zhou , Shenqiang Wang , Yu Wang
Manure fertilizer, as high P source, is widely used to enhance soil P availability, achieving organic waste recycling and sustainable agriculture. However, the excessive application of manure fertilizer poses risks of P loss. Herein, we address this critical challenge through a 25-year in-situ field experiment combined with a 60-days anaerobic incubation experiments, exploring the vital roles of iron (Fe) and organic carbon (OC) in regulating P transformation. Our in-situ field results reveal that prolonged manure fertilizer inputs resulted in the decoupling of the Fe dissolution and inorganic P (Pi) release in paddy soil. Under the further anoxic incubations, the results showed both chemical fertilizer (CF) and manure fertilizer (pig manure, CPM) lifted the Pi concentration due to dissimilatory Fe reduction, but through different mechanisms. In CF treatment, the increased P mainly derived from the release of Fe-bound Pi (Fe-Pi). CPM enhanced the Fe transformation from crystalline to amorphous, resulting in 18.8 % loss of Fe-bound OC, this resulted in the coupled Fe-bound organic P (Fe-Po) decreased from 455.4 to 7.9 mg kg−1, ultimately leading to a sharp increase in labile P from 177.2 to 353.4 mg kg−1. Notably, Fe-bound lipids and proteins were more prone to microbial degradation, accelerating the breakdown of organic matter and enhancing P mobilization. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of Fe-OC interactions in controlling P release and provide critical insights for developing more effective strategies to optimize P management in sustainable agricultural practices.
粪肥作为高磷源，被广泛用于提高土壤磷素有效性，实现有机废物循环利用和农业可持续发展。然而，过量施用有机肥会造成磷流失的风险。在此，我们通过25年的现场实验结合60天的厌氧培养实验来解决这一关键挑战，探索铁（Fe）和有机碳（OC）在调节P转化中的重要作用。结果表明，长期施用有机肥导致水稻土中铁的溶解与无机磷的释放解耦。结果表明，在进一步的缺氧培养条件下，化肥（CF）和粪肥（猪粪，CPM）均通过异化铁还原作用提高了磷浓度，但作用机制不同。在CF处理下，磷的增加主要来源于Fe-Pi （Fe-Pi）的释放。CPM促进了Fe从晶态到非晶态的转变，导致铁结合OC损失18.8%，这导致耦合铁结合有机P （Fe- po）从455.4下降到7.9 mg kg - 1，最终导致不稳定P从177.2急剧增加到353.4 mg kg - 1。值得注意的是，铁结合的脂质和蛋白质更容易被微生物降解，加速了有机物的分解，增强了磷的动员。我们的研究结果强调了Fe-OC相互作用在控制磷释放中的关键作用，并为制定更有效的策略来优化可持续农业实践中的磷管理提供了重要见解。
{"title":"Iron-organic carbon coupling controls phosphorus transformation and release in decades manure-enriched paddy soil","authors":"Hao Chen , Weihua Su , Song Wu , Yunfei Yu , Dengjun Wang , Qinglong Fu , Yujun Wang , Dongmei Zhou , Shenqiang Wang , Yu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manure fertilizer, as high P source, is widely used to enhance soil P availability, achieving organic waste recycling and sustainable agriculture. However, the excessive application of manure fertilizer poses risks of P loss. Herein, we address this critical challenge through a 25-year <em>in-situ</em> field experiment combined with a 60-days anaerobic incubation experiments, exploring the vital roles of iron (Fe) and organic carbon (OC) in regulating P transformation. Our <em>in-situ</em> field results reveal that prolonged manure fertilizer inputs resulted in the decoupling of the Fe dissolution and inorganic P (P<sub>i</sub>) release in paddy soil. Under the further anoxic incubations, the results showed both chemical fertilizer (CF) and manure fertilizer (pig manure, CPM) lifted the P<sub>i</sub> concentration due to dissimilatory Fe reduction, but through different mechanisms. In CF treatment, the increased P mainly derived from the release of Fe-bound P<sub>i</sub> (Fe-P<sub>i</sub>). CPM enhanced the Fe transformation from crystalline to amorphous, resulting in 18.8 % loss of Fe-bound OC, this resulted in the coupled Fe-bound organic P (Fe-P<sub>o</sub>) decreased from 455.4 to 7.9 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, ultimately leading to a sharp increase in labile P from 177.2 to 353.4 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>. Notably, Fe-bound lipids and proteins were more prone to microbial degradation, accelerating the breakdown of organic matter and enhancing P mobilization. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of Fe-OC interactions in controlling P release and provide critical insights for developing more effective strategies to optimize P management in sustainable agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100269"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-07DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100253
Mengde Sun , Feidong Lu , Meifang Zhao , Yingying Xia , Yibo Tan , Peng Kang
As China advances its National Woody Oilseed Strategy (2021–2035) to enhance edible oil self-sufficiency, reconciling camellia oil production with carbon neutrality goals demands precise emission diagnostics. In this study, a new forest-to-oil module was developed, utilizing operational data from 37 forest farms and processing plants in China. In accordance with the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard (Scope 1, 2 & 3), the LCA system for camellia oil spans from the nursery gate to the oil-mill gate, covering all direct (Scope 1), indirect energy (Scope 2) and upstream value-chain (Scope 3) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (assessed with global warming potential, GWP) associated with both forest farm operations and oil mill processes. Results show a carbon intensity of 3.91 t CO2-eq per ton oil, translating to annual sectoral emissions of 7.81 Mt CO2-eq based on China’s 2025 camellia oil output (2.00 million tons). Organic fertilizer (45.27% of total) and compound fertilizers (29.91% of total) dominate emission sources. Spatial analysis identifies three critical provinces—Hunan (29.46%), Jiangxi (22.43%), and Guangxi (12.83%)—collectively responsible for 64.72% of national production emissions, the disparity stems from regional grid emissions and interprovincial transport distance variations. Scenario modeling demonstrates 4.16–14.57% emission reduction potential through: (1) precision fertilization targeting 25%–30% nitrogen efficiency improvement, (2) renewable energy integration in processing (40% solar/wind penetration), and (3) intermodal logistics optimization. These findings provide spatially explicit mitigation pathways, emphasizing the necessity of province-specific policies balancing oil security and decarbonization targets. These insights not only guide forestry units in lowering their greenhouse gas emissions but also highlight the importance of sustainability in the camellia oil industry, offering essential support for its enhancement.
{"title":"Life cycle assessment of Camellia (Camellia oleifera spp.) seed oil production in China for forestry sustainability and food security","authors":"Mengde Sun , Feidong Lu , Meifang Zhao , Yingying Xia , Yibo Tan , Peng Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As China advances its National Woody Oilseed Strategy (2021–2035) to enhance edible oil self-sufficiency, reconciling camellia oil production with carbon neutrality goals demands precise emission diagnostics. In this study, a new forest-to-oil module was developed, utilizing operational data from 37 forest farms and processing plants in China. In accordance with the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard (Scope 1, 2 & 3), the LCA system for camellia oil spans from the nursery gate to the oil-mill gate, covering all direct (Scope 1), indirect energy (Scope 2) and upstream value-chain (Scope 3) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (assessed with global warming potential, GWP) associated with both forest farm operations and oil mill processes. Results show a carbon intensity of 3.91 t CO<sub>2</sub>-eq per ton oil, translating to annual sectoral emissions of 7.81 Mt CO<sub>2</sub>-eq based on China’s 2025 camellia oil output (2.00 million tons). Organic fertilizer (45.27% of total) and compound fertilizers (29.91% of total) dominate emission sources. Spatial analysis identifies three critical provinces—Hunan (29.46%), Jiangxi (22.43%), and Guangxi (12.83%)—collectively responsible for 64.72% of national production emissions, the disparity stems from regional grid emissions and interprovincial transport distance variations. Scenario modeling demonstrates 4.16–14.57% emission reduction potential through: (1) precision fertilization targeting 25%–30% nitrogen efficiency improvement, (2) renewable energy integration in processing (40% solar/wind penetration), and (3) intermodal logistics optimization. These findings provide spatially explicit mitigation pathways, emphasizing the necessity of province-specific policies balancing oil security and decarbonization targets. These insights not only guide forestry units in lowering their greenhouse gas emissions but also highlight the importance of sustainability in the camellia oil industry, offering essential support for its enhancement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100253"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100281
Qiuxuan Sun , Songying Dai , Yunfei Dai , Yunfei Sun , Jin-Sol Lee , Kai Lyu , Jae-Seong Lee , Zhou Yang
Aquatic organisms are normally exposed to waters where multiple pollutants coexist. Although the concentration of each single pollutant in natural waters is extremely low and may not have harmful effects, the combined effects of multiple low concentration pollutants may cause substantial harm to Daphnia. Therefore, we selected 11 kinds of pollutants including microplastics, antibiotics, heavy metals, agricultural and industrial pollutants, and then exposed Daphnia magna to the combination of these pollutants at the environmental concentrations (ng L−1-μg L−1 range) to evaluate the possible negative effects. Results showed the combination of multiple pollutants significantly decreased heart rate, body size, survival, and fecundity of D. magna and delayed maturation. In the filial generation constantly exposed to the pollutant combination, the growth, survival, and reproduction further decreased. The diversity of the gut microbiota decreased, but the abundance of bacteria with functions related to xenobiotics degradation increased under the pollutant combination. The expressions of genes related to antioxidant, xenobiotics catabolism, and energy absorption were upregulated by the pollutant combination, with downregulating expressions of the genes related to cell division and nitrogen metabolism, which reveals the underlying mechanism of the harmful effects of multiple pollutants on life history traits of D. magna. This study demonstrated the ecological risks of multiple pollutants at environmentally relevant concentrations to D. magna, providing a new perspective for evaluating the consequences of low environmental pollution in natural waters.
{"title":"Ecological risks of combination of multiple pollutants at environmentally relevant concentrations: Insights from the changes in life history traits, gut microbiota, and transcriptomic responses in Daphnia magna","authors":"Qiuxuan Sun , Songying Dai , Yunfei Dai , Yunfei Sun , Jin-Sol Lee , Kai Lyu , Jae-Seong Lee , Zhou Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquatic organisms are normally exposed to waters where multiple pollutants coexist. Although the concentration of each single pollutant in natural waters is extremely low and may not have harmful effects, the combined effects of multiple low concentration pollutants may cause substantial harm to <em>Daphnia</em>. Therefore, we selected 11 kinds of pollutants including microplastics, antibiotics, heavy metals, agricultural and industrial pollutants, and then exposed <em>Daphnia magna</em> to the combination of these pollutants at the environmental concentrations (ng L<sup>−1</sup>-μg L<sup>−1</sup> range) to evaluate the possible negative effects. Results showed the combination of multiple pollutants significantly decreased heart rate, body size, survival, and fecundity of <em>D. magna</em> and delayed maturation. In the filial generation constantly exposed to the pollutant combination, the growth, survival, and reproduction further decreased. The diversity of the gut microbiota decreased, but the abundance of bacteria with functions related to xenobiotics degradation increased under the pollutant combination. The expressions of genes related to antioxidant, xenobiotics catabolism, and energy absorption were upregulated by the pollutant combination, with downregulating expressions of the genes related to cell division and nitrogen metabolism, which reveals the underlying mechanism of the harmful effects of multiple pollutants on life history traits of <em>D</em>. <em>magna</em>. This study demonstrated the ecological risks of multiple pollutants at environmentally relevant concentrations to <em>D</em>. <em>magna</em>, providing a new perspective for evaluating the consequences of low environmental pollution in natural waters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100281"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100260
Pengju Yang, Youjun Mao, Jie He
The strong bonding between atoms in Nd-Fe-B magnets makes the high-efficiency and near-zero-waste recovery of all components become a challenge. In this work, a new method combined mineral phase reconstruction with physical separation is proposed to recycle REEs (rare earth elements) and non-REEs from the magnet scraps. Metal Bi as a key initiator is designed to reconstruct the Nd2Fe14B and Nd-rich original phases in the magnet. It indicates that the two original phases were constructed into non-bonding Fe-rich phase (containing non-REEs) and Bi-rich phase (containing REEs), respectively. Subsequently, the Bi-rich substance magnetically separated from the reconstructed scrap powders were distilled to extract the RE metals. The volatile metal Bi and Fe-rich substance are reusable. The recovery rates of REEs and non-REEs reach 97.3% and 97.6%, respectively. The phase evolution during the phase reconstruction was discussed, and a comparative assessment of the energy consumption and CO2 emissions was conducted. This work provides a low-consumption and environmental-friendly shortcut for full-component recovery of the Nd-Fe-B magnet scraps.
{"title":"Rationally designed mineral phase reconstruction for selective extraction and full-component recovery of Nd-Fe-B magnet scraps","authors":"Pengju Yang, Youjun Mao, Jie He","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The strong bonding between atoms in Nd-Fe-B magnets makes the high-efficiency and near-zero-waste recovery of all components become a challenge. In this work, a new method combined mineral phase reconstruction with physical separation is proposed to recycle REEs (rare earth elements) and non-REEs from the magnet scraps. Metal Bi as a key initiator is designed to reconstruct the Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B and Nd-rich original phases in the magnet. It indicates that the two original phases were constructed into non-bonding Fe-rich phase (containing non-REEs) and Bi-rich phase (containing REEs), respectively. Subsequently, the Bi-rich substance magnetically separated from the reconstructed scrap powders were distilled to extract the RE metals. The volatile metal Bi and Fe-rich substance are reusable. The recovery rates of REEs and non-REEs reach 97.3% and 97.6%, respectively. The phase evolution during the phase reconstruction was discussed, and a comparative assessment of the energy consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions was conducted. This work provides a low-consumption and environmental-friendly shortcut for full-component recovery of the Nd-Fe-B magnet scraps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100260"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantifying the environmental performance (EP) of citrus supply chains (SCs) via life cycle assessment is important for optimising fruit production for sufficient vitamin and micronutrient provision at lower environmental costs. As a part of national programme in China, green-labelled navel oranges use up to 50.0 % less chemical nitrogen fertilisers and become increasingly popular for their high quality. However, their EP remain unclear from the full SC perspective, and critical indicators, e.g. ecotoxicity and land occupation potential (LOP), have been mostly neglected in previous studies. Based on interviews with orange SC (OSC) stakeholders, this study analyses eleven ReCiPe2016 (H) midpoint indicators and normalises characterised results, followed by Monte Carlo simulation, to compare the EP of conventional, green-labelled, and organic-labelled OSCs from production to consumption. Green-labelled OSCs show lower impacts across most categories. Specifically, they reduce the LOP by 72.6 % compared with organic-labelled OSCs and decrease the ozone depletion potential by 65.5 % relative to conventional OSCs. Their total environmental index is 31.4 % and 24.5 % lower than conventional and organic-labelled OSCs, respectively. Packaging, transport, and production are significant contributing stages. Key contributing inputs include nitrogen fertiliser, corrugated boxes, long-distance transport, and land use. Beyond well-recognised fossil fuel potential, terrestrial ecotoxicity potential and LOP are newly identified critical indicators for OSC evaluation. Thus, green-labelled OSCs represent a more environment-friendly model for high-yield and high-quality fruit supply. This multi-stage and multi-indicator approach offers a transferable framework for comprehensive evaluation and optimisation of fruit SCs towards sustainable fruit provision and environment management.
{"title":"Environmental advantages of green-labelled navel oranges in China: A supply chain perspective","authors":"Ruijin Luo , Junhan Zhang , Petronella Margaretha Slegers , Minghao Zhuang , Zhihua Zhang , Xian Zhang , Xuexian Li , G.D.H. Claassen","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying the environmental performance (EP) of citrus supply chains (SCs) via life cycle assessment is important for optimising fruit production for sufficient vitamin and micronutrient provision at lower environmental costs. As a part of national programme in China, green-labelled navel oranges use up to 50.0 % less chemical nitrogen fertilisers and become increasingly popular for their high quality. However, their EP remain unclear from the full SC perspective, and critical indicators, e.g. ecotoxicity and land occupation potential (LOP), have been mostly neglected in previous studies. Based on interviews with orange SC (OSC) stakeholders, this study analyses eleven ReCiPe2016 (H) midpoint indicators and normalises characterised results, followed by Monte Carlo simulation, to compare the EP of conventional, green-labelled, and organic-labelled OSCs from production to consumption. Green-labelled OSCs show lower impacts across most categories. Specifically, they reduce the LOP by 72.6 % compared with organic-labelled OSCs and decrease the ozone depletion potential by 65.5 % relative to conventional OSCs. Their total environmental index is 31.4 % and 24.5 % lower than conventional and organic-labelled OSCs, respectively. Packaging, transport, and production are significant contributing stages. Key contributing inputs include nitrogen fertiliser, corrugated boxes, long-distance transport, and land use. Beyond well-recognised fossil fuel potential, terrestrial ecotoxicity potential and LOP are newly identified critical indicators for OSC evaluation. Thus, green-labelled OSCs represent a more environment-friendly model for high-yield and high-quality fruit supply. This multi-stage and multi-indicator approach offers a transferable framework for comprehensive evaluation and optimisation of fruit SCs towards sustainable fruit provision and environment management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100282
Guobin Ma , Rucheng Lu , Tongsheng Fan , Pengcheng Wang , Yiyun Li
<div><div>TSU (territorial space use) constitutes the foundational behavior of human economic and social activities upon the land. Investigating the threshold effect of multi-scale TSU on LES (land ecological security) is essential for scientifically constructing a border ecological barrier management system within the framework of integrated development and security planning. Currently, spatial governance of territorial space in China's border areas utilizes the "three districts and three lines" as its core framework, implementing rigid spatial controls through the ecological protection red line, cultivated land and permanent basic farmland boundaries, and the urban development boundary. Concurrently, the main functional area strategy is employed to promote differentiated development. However, these border areas face dual pressures stemming from ecological fragility and intensive human activity: the northern border is threatened by ecological degradation in arid regions; soil erosion affects more than half of the northwest border area; and rocky desertification in the southwest border region contributes to the desertification of cultivated land and the loss of soil fertility. Consequently, a significant spatial mismatch and structural imbalance exist between land use patterns and ecological security requirements.</div><div>By employing a BRT (Boosted Regression Trees) model and SEM (Structural Equation Model), this study identified and categorized the influence of major TSU types on LES. Subsequently, hierarchical governance of LES thresholds was implemented through SLR (Segmented Linear Regression). Concurrently, we employ the SOM-K-means clustering method to execute zonal control of the predominant types of TSU. The results show that (1) from 2008 to 2023, the proportion of OE (Other ecological space) in the types of TSU is the highest at 32.764 %, which is concentrated in the Northern border and the Northwestern border; OE→ WE (Water ecological space) reflects the systematic tendency of transformation; and the spatial transfer of the three regions is mainly dominated by Agriculture→Urban and Ecology→Urban. (2) From 2008 to 2023, LES at different scales is characterized by ‘high in the North and low in the West,’ and SP (Social protection), EM (Economic drive), and SS (Ecological support) in each border region show strong effects on LES, with AP (Agricultural production space), GE (Grassland ecological space), OE, and FE (Forest ecological space) thresholds for LES of 0.457, 0.425, 0.330 and 0.345, respectively, 0.330, 0.348. (3) In 2023, the grid scale is mainly dominated by WE, FE, AP et al., and the distribution of its KCA (key conservation areas) is as high as 38.713 %; the county and city scales are mainly composed of FEL (Forest ecological space dominant type), APL(Agricultural production space dominant type), GEL (Grassland ecological space dominant type), and OEL (Other ecological space dominant type) to form the spatial pattern of t
{"title":"Nonlinear threshold effects of territorial space use on land ecological security along China's land borders: a multi-scale zonal governance pathway","authors":"Guobin Ma , Rucheng Lu , Tongsheng Fan , Pengcheng Wang , Yiyun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TSU (territorial space use) constitutes the foundational behavior of human economic and social activities upon the land. Investigating the threshold effect of multi-scale TSU on LES (land ecological security) is essential for scientifically constructing a border ecological barrier management system within the framework of integrated development and security planning. Currently, spatial governance of territorial space in China's border areas utilizes the \"three districts and three lines\" as its core framework, implementing rigid spatial controls through the ecological protection red line, cultivated land and permanent basic farmland boundaries, and the urban development boundary. Concurrently, the main functional area strategy is employed to promote differentiated development. However, these border areas face dual pressures stemming from ecological fragility and intensive human activity: the northern border is threatened by ecological degradation in arid regions; soil erosion affects more than half of the northwest border area; and rocky desertification in the southwest border region contributes to the desertification of cultivated land and the loss of soil fertility. Consequently, a significant spatial mismatch and structural imbalance exist between land use patterns and ecological security requirements.</div><div>By employing a BRT (Boosted Regression Trees) model and SEM (Structural Equation Model), this study identified and categorized the influence of major TSU types on LES. Subsequently, hierarchical governance of LES thresholds was implemented through SLR (Segmented Linear Regression). Concurrently, we employ the SOM-K-means clustering method to execute zonal control of the predominant types of TSU. The results show that (1) from 2008 to 2023, the proportion of OE (Other ecological space) in the types of TSU is the highest at 32.764 %, which is concentrated in the Northern border and the Northwestern border; OE→ WE (Water ecological space) reflects the systematic tendency of transformation; and the spatial transfer of the three regions is mainly dominated by Agriculture→Urban and Ecology→Urban. (2) From 2008 to 2023, LES at different scales is characterized by ‘high in the North and low in the West,’ and SP (Social protection), EM (Economic drive), and SS (Ecological support) in each border region show strong effects on LES, with AP (Agricultural production space), GE (Grassland ecological space), OE, and FE (Forest ecological space) thresholds for LES of 0.457, 0.425, 0.330 and 0.345, respectively, 0.330, 0.348. (3) In 2023, the grid scale is mainly dominated by WE, FE, AP et al., and the distribution of its KCA (key conservation areas) is as high as 38.713 %; the county and city scales are mainly composed of FEL (Forest ecological space dominant type), APL(Agricultural production space dominant type), GEL (Grassland ecological space dominant type), and OEL (Other ecological space dominant type) to form the spatial pattern of t","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100282"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145796577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-25DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100262
Annas Vijaya , Faris Dzaudan Qadri , Linda Salma Angreani , Hendro Wicaksono
This study proposes ESGOnt, an ontology-based framework that aligns Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) management with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). ESGOnt addresses key challenges in sustainable resource governance systems and cross-sector interoperability by providing a unified structure for ESG and SDG integration. The framework was developed through a systematic methodology that combines a literature review, standardization of ESG and SDG relationships, development of an adaptable maturity model, and ontology implementation using established methods such as Methontology and NeOn. ESGOnt enables the integration of diverse ESG taxonomies and ESG reporting standards, including GRI and ESRS, and assists companies in their ESG performance evaluation. Empirical validation through real-world use cases demonstrates its capability to (1) direct assessment of ESG assessments with specific SDG targets, such as SDG13 (Climate Action) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), (2) assess organizational ESG progress through different metrics, (3) facilitation of standardized and interoperable reporting for small and large enterprises, and (4) automatically validate organization compliance with EU Non-Financial Reporting Directive regulations. The findings show that ESGOnt resolves data inconsistency and transparency issues by enabling integrated and auditable sustainability reporting. The ontology-driven approach of the framework enables scalable and policy-relevant tools for tracking environmental and social impacts, while its maturity model focuses on strategic improvements in resource efficiency. Future studies will analyze and extend ESGOnt’s functionality for sector-specific capabilities, such as bioeconomy control systems, and explore advanced AI-driven inspection methods for real-time ESG-SDG assessment.
{"title":"ESGOnt: An ontology-based framework for Enhancing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) assessments and aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)","authors":"Annas Vijaya , Faris Dzaudan Qadri , Linda Salma Angreani , Hendro Wicaksono","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes ESGOnt, an ontology-based framework that aligns Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) management with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). ESGOnt addresses key challenges in sustainable resource governance systems and cross-sector interoperability by providing a unified structure for ESG and SDG integration. The framework was developed through a systematic methodology that combines a literature review, standardization of ESG and SDG relationships, development of an adaptable maturity model, and ontology implementation using established methods such as Methontology and NeOn. ESGOnt enables the integration of diverse ESG taxonomies and ESG reporting standards, including GRI and ESRS, and assists companies in their ESG performance evaluation. Empirical validation through real-world use cases demonstrates its capability to (1) direct assessment of ESG assessments with specific SDG targets, such as SDG13 (Climate Action) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), (2) assess organizational ESG progress through different metrics, (3) facilitation of standardized and interoperable reporting for small and large enterprises, and (4) automatically validate organization compliance with EU Non-Financial Reporting Directive regulations. The findings show that ESGOnt resolves data inconsistency and transparency issues by enabling integrated and auditable sustainability reporting. The ontology-driven approach of the framework enables scalable and policy-relevant tools for tracking environmental and social impacts, while its maturity model focuses on strategic improvements in resource efficiency. Future studies will analyze and extend ESGOnt’s functionality for sector-specific capabilities, such as bioeconomy control systems, and explore advanced AI-driven inspection methods for real-time ESG-SDG assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100262"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144907662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optimizing crop productivity while mitigating pollution requires a system-wide understanding of nitrogen (N) fertilizer fate and its loss pathways. However, regional variability in N fate and its linkage to yield response in China's wheat systems remains poorly quantified. We collected 4077 observations to analyze the effects of N fertilizer management, climate, and soil properties on wheat yield, N fate, and reactive nitrogen (Nr) losses using meta-analysis and machine learning. At the national scale, wheat yield increased by 65.40 % with N fertilization, with applied N partitioned into 41.56 % uptake, 29.66 % residual, and 38.81 % losses. The Nr losses comprised NH3 (9.35 %), N2O (0.73 %), NO (0.38 %), leaching (7.38 %), and runoff (4.68 %). At the regional scale, N uptake exhibited an increasing trend from north to south, whereas N residual and N loss gradually decreased. NH3 volatilization accounted for 91.76 % of total N loss in northern China (NC). In central China (CC), NH3 constituted 53.45 % of the losses, with N leaching accounting for 41.38 %. By contrast, southern China (SC) showed a more even distribution of losses across pathways. N application rate was the key determinant of N fate, whereas pH, mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, and bulk density had the greatest influence on Nr losses. Nationally, N uptake was the dominant driver of yield response, accounting for 54.06 % of the variation. Regionally, uptake remained the key factor in CC (37.83 %), whereas NC (27.33 % uptake; 16.09 % loss) and SC (15.20 % uptake; 12.37 % loss) showed substantial sensitivity to N loss. N residual had minimal impact in most regions but was significant in CC (11.66 %). Enhancing nitrogen uptake is the top priority in increasing wheat yield across different regions of China, while the role of fertilizer N loss and residual regionally varied. Accordingly, N management should prioritize loss reduction in NC and SC, and residual management in CC.
{"title":"Spatial divergence of nitrogen fate in China's wheat systems: a meta-analysis and machine-learning roadmap for region-specific management","authors":"Yan'ge Yan , Shuiqin Zhang , Yingqiang Zhang , Meng Xu , Jiukai Xu , Yanting Li , Bingqiang Zhao , Liang Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing crop productivity while mitigating pollution requires a system-wide understanding of nitrogen (N) fertilizer fate and its loss pathways. However, regional variability in N fate and its linkage to yield response in China's wheat systems remains poorly quantified. We collected 4077 observations to analyze the effects of N fertilizer management, climate, and soil properties on wheat yield, N fate, and reactive nitrogen (Nr) losses using meta-analysis and machine learning. At the national scale, wheat yield increased by 65.40 % with N fertilization, with applied N partitioned into 41.56 % uptake, 29.66 % residual, and 38.81 % losses. The Nr losses comprised NH<sub>3</sub> (9.35 %), N<sub>2</sub>O (0.73 %), NO (0.38 %), leaching (7.38 %), and runoff (4.68 %). At the regional scale, N uptake exhibited an increasing trend from north to south, whereas N residual and N loss gradually decreased. NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization accounted for 91.76 % of total N loss in northern China (NC). In central China (CC), NH<sub>3</sub> constituted 53.45 % of the losses, with N leaching accounting for 41.38 %. By contrast, southern China (SC) showed a more even distribution of losses across pathways. N application rate was the key determinant of N fate, whereas pH, mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, and bulk density had the greatest influence on Nr losses. Nationally, N uptake was the dominant driver of yield response, accounting for 54.06 % of the variation. Regionally, uptake remained the key factor in CC (37.83 %), whereas NC (27.33 % uptake; 16.09 % loss) and SC (15.20 % uptake; 12.37 % loss) showed substantial sensitivity to N loss. N residual had minimal impact in most regions but was significant in CC (11.66 %). Enhancing nitrogen uptake is the top priority in increasing wheat yield across different regions of China, while the role of fertilizer N loss and residual regionally varied. Accordingly, N management should prioritize loss reduction in NC and SC, and residual management in CC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100270"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100250
Dami Moon , Kiyo Kurisu , Kiyotaka Tahara
This study hypothesizes that the relative importance of factors influencing the acceptance of secondhand products varies by product type. This premise was explored through a Japanese consumer survey analyzing factors influencing both adoption and rejection as well as key acceptance criteria across thirty diverse product types. The results revealed nuanced attitudes toward secondhand items. Hygiene and cleanliness were paramount for items with direct skin contact, while privacy concerns dominated for tablets. Notably, childhood-related items were often kept for sentimental value rather than being reused. Bulky furniture and small electronics were frequently stored or discarded due to the perceived inconvenience of reuse procedures. The study identified two consumer acceptance factors in online C2C markets: (1) the product condition and functional assurance and (2) product information and market appeal. Consumer decisions prioritized different factors depending on product type: hygiene-sensitive items required consideration of both factors, everyday wear showed less sensitivity to either, electronics emphasized product information and appeal, and life-stage products prioritized condition and functionality. These diverse preferences highlight the importance of product-specific strategies, which can foster consumer trust and facilitate robust secondhand transactions. Ultimately, by building trust, streamlining transactions, and acknowledging diverse product needs, businesses and policymakers can promote reuse and drive widespread adoption of secondhand products towards a sustainable consumption system.
{"title":"Determinants of secondhand consumer choices on C2C online marketplace: Product-specific analysis in Japan","authors":"Dami Moon , Kiyo Kurisu , Kiyotaka Tahara","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study hypothesizes that the relative importance of factors influencing the acceptance of secondhand products varies by product type. This premise was explored through a Japanese consumer survey analyzing factors influencing both adoption and rejection as well as key acceptance criteria across thirty diverse product types. The results revealed nuanced attitudes toward secondhand items. Hygiene and cleanliness were paramount for items with direct skin contact, while privacy concerns dominated for tablets. Notably, childhood-related items were often kept for sentimental value rather than being reused. Bulky furniture and small electronics were frequently stored or discarded due to the perceived inconvenience of reuse procedures. The study identified two consumer acceptance factors in online C2C markets: (1) the product condition and functional assurance and (2) product information and market appeal. Consumer decisions prioritized different factors depending on product type: hygiene-sensitive items required consideration of both factors, everyday wear showed less sensitivity to either, electronics emphasized product information and appeal, and life-stage products prioritized condition and functionality. These diverse preferences highlight the importance of product-specific strategies, which can foster consumer trust and facilitate robust secondhand transactions. Ultimately, by building trust, streamlining transactions, and acknowledging diverse product needs, businesses and policymakers can promote reuse and drive widespread adoption of secondhand products towards a sustainable consumption system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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