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Implications of a consumption-based accounting of greenhouse gas emissions from global dairy cattle systems 以消费为基础的全球奶牛系统温室气体排放核算的含义

IF 7.8 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-09-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100268

D. Caro , F.M. Pulselli , F. Sporchia

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from dairy systems at the national level are typically estimated at the point of production, following guidelines for national reporting. However, exploring the emissions allocated to the point of consumption also provides key insights into reducing emissions across all stages (inputs, production, trade, and consumption). In this study, the GHG emissions associated with global dairy cattle products were estimated using a consumption-based accounting approach. The analysis was based on data from 2015, covering 254 territories and considering 21 dairy cattle commodities. Our findings reveal that international trade in dairy products is dominated by a few countries, with the top 20 net importing/exporting countries accounting for about 70% of global emissions embodied in trade. Although, at the global level, GHG emissions embodied in the international trade of dairy cattle products represented a relatively small share of the total (133 Mt CO₂ eq, 9%), they were significant at the country level, particularly for countries heavily involved in trade. In some cases, imports accounted for more than 50% of consumption-related emissions. Trade among European Union countries was relevant representing 32% of the global GHG emission linked with the international trade of dairy products. By adopting a system-wide approach, this study aims to provide novel and critical information to reduce GHG emissions from the global dairy sector, contributing to initiatives such as Pathways to Dairy Net Zero. The results are discussed in the context of the importance of dairy products for global food security. The consumption-based analysis presented represents a different and original perspective in the computation of GHG emissions at the national level for a specific and relevant food item. This approach, guiding policymakers in identifying key impact areas across all stages of the supply chain, can foster the transition to low-carbon dairy products, and support circular economy practices.

国家一级乳制品系统的温室气体（GHG）排放量通常在生产点进行估算，并遵循国家报告准则。然而，探索分配到消费点的排放也为减少所有阶段（投入、生产、贸易和消费）的排放提供了关键见解。在本研究中，使用基于消费的核算方法估算了与全球奶牛产品相关的温室气体排放。该分析基于2015年的数据，涵盖254个地区，并考虑了21种奶牛商品。我们的研究结果表明，乳制品的国际贸易由少数几个国家主导，前20个净进口国/出口国占全球贸易隐含排放量的70%左右。虽然在全球层面上，奶牛产品国际贸易中体现的温室气体排放量占总量的比例相对较小（1.33亿吨二氧化碳当量，9%），但在国家层面上，特别是对那些大量参与贸易的国家来说，它们的排放量很大。在某些情况下，进口占消费相关排放量的50%以上。欧盟国家之间的贸易是相关的，占与乳制品国际贸易相关的全球温室气体排放量的32%。通过采用全系统的方法，本研究旨在为减少全球乳制品行业的温室气体排放提供新颖而关键的信息，为“乳品零排放之路”等倡议做出贡献。研究结果在乳制品对全球粮食安全的重要性的背景下进行了讨论。所提出的以消费为基础的分析代表了在国家一级计算特定和相关食品的温室气体排放量的不同和原始的视角。这种方法可以指导政策制定者确定供应链各个阶段的关键影响领域，促进向低碳乳制品的过渡，并支持循环经济实践。

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引用次数: 0

Co-fermentation of broccoli waste with distillers dried grains with solubles and cornmeal: Focusing on variations in fermentation profile and bacterial community 花椰菜废弃物与酒糟、干谷物、可溶物和玉米粉共发酵：重点研究发酵剖面和细菌群落的变化

IF 7.8 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100267

Lili Wang , Chongpeng Bi , Jingkai Liu , Chi Ma , Sujiang Zhang , Qingwei Meng , Anshan Shan

Anaerobic fermentation of broccoli waste is constrained by its high moisture content, necessitating co-fermentation with absorbent co-substrates to achieve sustainable feed conversion and reduce environmental pollution. Therefore, this study investigated how various substrates affect broccoli waste fermentation, with a focus on the fermentation profile and bacterial community. Specifically, the fermentation quality, protein content, and bacterial community were evaluated in broccoli waste co-fermented with distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) or cornmeal at dry matter levels of 250–450 g/kg (adjusted by mass ratios). Notably, co-fermentation significantly (P

<

0.05) decreased the pH value and nonprotein-N and ammonia-N contents and inhibited effluent formation. Co-fermentation with DDGS significantly decreased (P

<

0.05) the nonprotein-N and ammonia-N contents compared with the cornmeal co-fermentation group. The highest lactic acid content was achieved in the DS5 (83.4% broccoli waste and 16.6% DDGS) group. Additionally, co-fermentation with DDGS decreased the diversity of bacteria and abundance of undesirable microorganisms and increased the abundance of specialist Lactobacillaceae. Notably, Lactobacillus plantarum was the dominant microbial biomarker in the DS5 treatment group. Moreover, co-fermentation reduced the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence networks but increased their modularity and competing interactions. Co-fermentation upregulated the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolic pathways, with the DS5 treatment exhibiting the highest relative abundance of L-lactate dehydrogenase. Leuconostoc and Lactococcus were identified as key bacteria in the DDGS-mediated downregulation of protein hydrolysis and upregulation of lactic acid production, respectively. Conclusively, the DS5 treatment improved the clean recycling of broccoli waste, correlating with optimized endpoint bacterial community properties.

西兰花废弃物的厌氧发酵受到其高含水量的限制，需要与吸附性共底物共发酵，以实现可持续的饲料转化，减少环境污染。因此，本研究研究了不同基质对西兰花废物发酵的影响，重点研究了发酵特征和细菌群落。在干物质水平为250 ~ 450 g/kg（按质量比调整）的条件下，对花椰菜废渣与酒糟和可溶物（DDGS）或玉米粉共发酵的发酵品质、蛋白质含量和细菌群落进行了评价。值得注意的是，共发酵显著（P < 0.05）降低了pH值、非蛋白氮和氨氮含量，抑制了出水的形成。与玉米粉共发酵组相比，DDGS共发酵显著降低了非蛋白氮和氨氮含量（P < 0.05）。乳酸含量最高的是DS5组（西兰花废料83.4%,DDGS 16.6%）。此外，与DDGS共发酵减少了细菌的多样性和不良微生物的丰度，增加了专业乳酸杆菌科的丰度。值得注意的是，植物乳杆菌是DS5治疗组的主要微生物生物标志物。此外，共发酵降低了细菌共发生网络的复杂性，但增加了它们的模块化和竞争相互作用。共发酵上调了碳水化合物和氨基酸代谢途径，其中DS5处理的l -乳酸脱氢酶相对丰度最高。Leuconostoc和Lactococcus分别被鉴定为ddgs介导的蛋白水解下调和乳酸生成上调的关键菌。综上所述，DS5处理提高了西兰花废弃物的清洁回收，并与优化的终点细菌群落特性相关。

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引用次数: 0

Seasonal climate drives soil salinity dynamics through vegetation and water regulation 季节性气候通过植被和水分调节驱动土壤盐分动态

IF 7.8 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100266

Danyang Wang , Jiaying Zheng , Yayi Tan , Zeqi Wei , Jingda Xin , Yihan Lu , Weijie Huang , Yunqi Wang , Huan Zhang , Changbo Zhong , Haiyan Zhao , Jianjun Pan , Zhaofu Li

Soil salinization threatens global agriculture and ecosystems, posing a critical challenge for sustainable development. Understanding how seasonal variations and environmental factors influence salinity dynamics is essential. However, current research relies heavily on single-time-point remote sensing, which offers limited temporal insights and fails to uncover the mechanisms driving seasonal changes. This study proposed the dynamic time warping-based model transfer-structural equation model (DBS) framework, which integrates dynamic time warping (DTW), base model transfer, and structural equation modeling (SEM), to explore the regulatory mechanisms of environmental factors on soil salinity dynamics. The framework includes building a stacking-electrical conductivity (EC) base model, aligning multi-month data with DTW, and analyzing environmental factors through SEM. Key predictors identified were normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), air temperature (AT), and precipitation. NDVI reduced salt accumulation by lowering evaporation and stabilizing soil moisture, while NDWI reflected precipitation-driven dilution and leaching. Temperature influenced salinity indirectly by regulating NDVI and NDWI. SEM confirmed NDVI and NDWI had direct effects on EC, while AT and precipitation acted indirectly. Model validation showed high accuracy and adaptability, with R-squared (R²), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), and Kling–Gupta Efficiency (KGE) values of 0.93, 0.94, and 0.89 for training and 0.86, 0.85, and 0.79 for validation, respectively. After DTW optimization, R² improved by 0.12–0.22, NSE by 0.07–0.18, and KGE by 0.02–0.12, demonstrating significant performance gains. The framework demonstrated strong migration capability across different soil types and vegetation covers, achieving R² of 0.73–0.96, The root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1–20, and residual prediction deviation (RPD) of 1.22–1.95. This study highlights the dominant role of climate-ecological interactions in salinity regulation and offers a robust, transferable method for multi-temporal salinity prediction. The findings provide critical insights for precision soil salinity management, sustainable agriculture, and climate resilience strategies, particularly in regions vulnerable to salinization.

土壤盐碱化威胁着全球农业和生态系统，对可持续发展构成重大挑战。了解季节变化和环境因素如何影响盐度动态是必要的。然而，目前的研究严重依赖于单时间点遥感，这提供了有限的时间见解，未能揭示驱动季节变化的机制。本研究提出了基于动态时间翘曲的模型转移-结构方程模型（DBS）框架，将动态时间翘曲（DTW）、基本模型转移和结构方程模型（SEM）相结合，探讨环境因子对土壤盐分动态的调控机制。该框架包括建立堆叠电导率（EC）基础模型，将多个月的数据与DTW对齐，并通过SEM分析环境因素。主要预测因子为归一化植被指数（NDVI）、归一化水指数（NDWI）、气温（AT）和降水量。NDVI通过降低蒸发和稳定土壤水分来减少盐的积累，而NDWI则反映降水驱动的稀释和淋滤。温度通过调节NDVI和NDWI间接影响盐度。SEM证实NDVI和NDWI对EC有直接影响，而AT和降水对EC有间接影响。模型验证具有较高的准确性和适应性，训练模型的R-squared （R2）、Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数（NSE）和Kling-Gupta效率（KGE）值分别为0.93、0.94和0.89，验证模型的R-squared、Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数（NSE）和KGE值分别为0.86、0.85和0.79。DTW优化后，R2提高0.12-0.22，NSE提高0.07-0.18，KGE提高0.02-0.12，性能提升显著。该框架在不同土壤类型和植被覆盖下具有较强的迁移能力，R2为0.73 ~ 0.96，均方根误差（RMSE）为1 ~ 20，残差预测偏差（RPD）为1.22 ~ 1.95。该研究强调了气候-生态相互作用在盐度调节中的主导作用，并为多时间盐度预测提供了一个可靠的、可转移的方法。这些发现为精确的土壤盐渍化管理、可持续农业和气候适应战略提供了重要见解，特别是在易受盐渍化影响的地区。

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引用次数: 0

Tracking terbium metabolism in China with implications for its dominance in global rare earth supply 追踪中国的铽代谢及其在全球稀土供应中的主导地位

IF 7.8 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-09-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100263

Wei Liu , Wuhu Guo , Jiaming Chen , Shuhui Peng , Lele Ru , Yuejin Chen , Zanxu Chen , Dan Wang , Shijie Dai , Wending Huang , Zhiwen Li , Evgeny Abakumov , Wenjuan Wang , Yanqi Liu , Xiaowen Ji , Shuoyao Lian , Huoqing Xiao , Zugen Liu , Hannan Ahmad Anjum , Xianchuan Xie

Terbium (Tb), a critical heavy rare earth element, faces intensifying supply–demand imbalances driven by its irreplaceable role in green technologies and geopolitical supply chain complexities. To explore sustainable pathways for Tb, this study establishes a spatially and temporally explicit material flow analysis framework to map Tb’s life cycle dynamics across China’s socioeconomic systems (1990–2024) and global trade networks. Results reveal that Asia and Europe as pivotal hubs, with China dominating 68.57% (1.05 × 10⁴ t) of global Tb flows, primarily channeled into phosphors (peaking at 74.5% in 2007) and permanent magnets (90% of post-2021. Historically, Tb flows have been closely tied to industrial product cycles. From 1990 to 2024, approximately 1.16 × 10⁴ t of Tb were mined and processed into various end-use products. Fluorescent lamps were historically the dominant end use; however, since 2014, permanent magnets have become precedence, accounting for 90% of the market flow in 2024, followed by new energy technologies and household appliances. Tb demand in the new energy sector is expected to exceed that of household appliances and become the main driver of consumption. Therefore, the most significant potential for Tb recovery resides in fluorescent lamps and home appliances, which account for 63% of total recovery in 2023. However, an urgent imperative exists for the proactive development of systematic recycling industries to address the imminent surge in end-of-life products such as wind turbines and new energy vehicles. To achieve global sustainability of Tb, technology-accelerated pathways urgently require diversified supply sources and innovations in industrial-scale recycling.

铽（Tb）是一种重要的重稀土元素，由于其在绿色技术中不可替代的作用和地缘政治供应链的复杂性，其供需失衡日益加剧。为了探索结核病的可持续发展途径，本研究建立了一个时空明确的物质流分析框架，以绘制结核病在中国社会经济系统（1990-2024）和全球贸易网络中的生命周期动态。结果显示，亚洲和欧洲是关键枢纽，其中中国占全球Tb流量的68.57% (1.05 × 104 t)，主要流向荧光粉（2007年达到峰值74.5%）和永磁体（2021年后占90%）。从历史上看，结核病流量与工业产品周期密切相关。从1990年到2024年，大约有1.16 × 104吨的Tb被开采并加工成各种最终用途产品。荧光灯历来是主要的最终用途；但从2014年开始，永磁体占据先机，2024年占市场流量的90%，其次是新能源技术和家用电器。新能源领域的需求预计将超过家用电器的需求，成为消费的主要推动力。因此，结核病回收潜力最大的是荧光灯和家用电器，它们将占2023年总回收的63%。然而，迫切需要积极发展系统回收产业，以应对即将到来的报废产品激增，如风力涡轮机和新能源汽车。为了实现结核病的全球可持续性，技术加速途径迫切需要多样化的供应来源和工业规模回收方面的创新。

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引用次数: 0

A novel hydrolase biomanufacturing-driven strategy for boosting production of volatile fatty acids and vivianite in iron-rich waste activated sludge fermentation 一种新的水解酶生物制造驱动策略在富铁废物活性污泥发酵中促进挥发性脂肪酸和活菌石的生产

IF 7.8 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100264

Xiaodong Xin , Linjuan Li , Boyu Lu , Lei Liu , Liguo Zhang , Yue Yang , Wei Li , Qian Liu , Junguo He , Ganfeng He , Sihao Lv , Wangwang Yan , Liwen Luo

Efficient sludge pretreatment methods that minimize reliance on costly chemical or energy inputs have garnered significant attention, as waste-activated sludge (WAS) disposal occupied nearly 50% of operational expenses in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) which displayed a poor sustainability in current practices. In this study, a novel strategy utilizing bio-manufactured hydrolases (primarily protease and

α

-amylase, produced by Aspergillus oryzae based on waste molasses cultivation) was proposed to enhance the solubilization of iron-rich WAS by releasing biodegradable organic matters [a net soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 840 ± 14 mg/L release after 8 h] and disrupting extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) via loosing EPS proteins structure and increase hydrophilicity. The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production reached a peak level of 4380 ± 24.6 mg COD/L, accompanied by an optimal orthophosphate release of 7.79 ± 0.31 mg/L through fermentation enhanced by such enzymatic pretreatment. Moreover, the relative fraction of P in vivianite, assessed as non-apatite inorganic phosphorous (NAIP), increased by 10.12%. The bio-manufactured hydrolases not only enhanced overall microbial diversity, but also enriched key microbial populations—including hydrolyzing bacteria (e.g. Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria), major acidogens (e.g. Petrimonas, Jeotgalibaca, Proteiniclasticum, and Macellibacteroides), and iron-reducing genera (i.e. Ercella and Desulfovibrio). Furthermore, this strategy upregulated the relative abundance of functional genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, and reduced the competitive interference of Ca

^{2 +}

ions on soluble phosphorus availability by favoring Fe(II)-P complexation, thereby synergistically enhancing VFAs production and vivianite formation. This study presents an efficient, economically favorable pretreatment strategy to enhance the recovery of carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) from iron-rich WAS, with demonstrating a strong application sustainability.

有效的污泥预处理方法，最大限度地减少了对昂贵的化学或能源投入的依赖，已经引起了人们的极大关注，因为废物活性污泥（WAS）处理占据了废水处理厂（WWTPs）近50%的运营费用，在目前的实践中表现出较差的可持续性。本研究提出了一种利用生物水解酶（主要是蛋白酶和α-淀粉酶，由米曲霉在废糖蜜培养基础上产生）的新策略，通过释放可生物降解的有机物[8 h后释放840±14 mg/L的净可溶性化学需氧量（COD）]和通过破坏细胞外聚合物（EPS）蛋白结构和增加亲水性来增强富铁was的增溶性。经酶促发酵，挥发性脂肪酸（VFAs）的峰值COD为4380±24.6 mg/L，正磷酸盐的最佳释放量为7.79±0.31 mg/L。磷灰石中磷的相对含量为非磷灰石无机磷（NAIP），增加了10.12%。生物制造的水解酶不仅增强了总体微生物多样性，而且丰富了关键微生物种群，包括水解细菌（如氯氟菌和放线菌）、主要酸化菌（如petronas、Jeotgalibaca、Proteiniclasticum和Macellibacteroides）和铁还原属（如Ercella和Desulfovibrio）。此外，该策略上调了与碳水化合物和氨基酸代谢相关的功能基因的相对丰度，并通过有利于Fe(II)-P络合减少Ca2+离子对可溶性磷有效性的竞争性干扰，从而协同促进VFAs的产生和活菌体的形成。本研究提出了一种高效、经济的预处理策略，可提高富铁WAS中碳(C)和磷(P)的回收率，并具有较强的应用可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

From waste to worth: Biochar and hemp fiber synergy for carbon-sequestering and durable recycled aggregate concrete 从废物到价值：生物炭和大麻纤维协同碳封存和耐用的再生骨料混凝土

IF 7.8 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100265

Huanyu Li , Ning Zhang , Jian Yang , Brilliantika Fusi Nur Rahmasari , Yuhang Du , Lei Wang

Recycled aggregate concrete is prone to significant drying shrinkage, which hinders its broader adoption and the sustainable recycling of construction and demolition waste. This study presents a novel internal curing strategy using activated coconut biochar (10%–30%) and hemp fiber (10–30 mm) to simultaneously address shrinkage and strength deficits. Experimental findings demonstrate that mix-sized biochar improves both the fresh and hardened properties of the concrete when compared to using small or large biochar particles alone. Notably, while the incorporation of biochar reduces fluidity due to water absorption and increased inter-particle friction, both flexural and compressive strengths were enhanced – by up to 34% and 28%, respectively – with increasing biochar content and fiber length, as a result of matrix densification and fiber-bridging effects. The synergy between biochar and hemp fibers facilitates internal curing by lowering the local water–cement ratio during hardening and promoting cement hydration through both internal curing and nucleation effects. Despite a rapid early-stage increase in drying shrinkage, the combined addition of biochar and hemp fiber ultimately achieves a remarkable reduction of up to 96%. Furthermore, increasing biochar dosage and fiber length enhances matrix compactness, substantially reducing water absorption. This, in turn, improves resistance to chloride penetration by obstructing ion transport pathways. Concrete modified with 30% biochar and 30 mm-long hemp fibers demonstrates significant potential for carbon emission reduction, achieving decreases of 4.4 kg CO₂ eq./m³/MPa in compressive scenario and 23.8 kg CO₂ eq./m³/MPa in flexural scenario. Overall, this study advances the understanding of shrinkage mitigation mechanisms and offers a scalable pathway for the development of high-performance, low-carbon recycled aggregate concrete.

再生骨料混凝土容易出现显著的干燥收缩，这阻碍了其更广泛的采用和建筑和拆除废物的可持续回收。本研究提出了一种新的内部固化策略，使用活性椰子生物炭（10%-30%）和大麻纤维（10-30毫米）同时解决收缩和强度缺陷。实验结果表明，与单独使用小颗粒或大颗粒生物炭相比，混合尺寸的生物炭改善了混凝土的新鲜和硬化性能。值得注意的是，虽然生物炭的掺入由于吸水和颗粒间摩擦的增加而降低了流动性，但由于基质致密化和纤维桥接效应，随着生物炭含量和纤维长度的增加，抗弯和抗压强度分别提高了34%和28%。生物炭和大麻纤维之间的协同作用通过降低硬化过程中局部水灰比促进水泥内部固化，并通过内部固化和成核作用促进水泥水化。尽管在干燥收缩的快速早期阶段增加，生物炭和大麻纤维的组合添加最终实现了显著的减少高达96%。此外，增加生物炭用量和纤维长度可提高基质密实度，大幅降低吸水率。这反过来又通过阻碍离子传输途径提高了对氯离子渗透的抵抗力。30%生物炭和30mm长的大麻纤维改性混凝土具有显著的碳减排潜力，在压缩情况下减少4.4 kg CO2当量/m3/MPa，在弯曲情况下减少23.8 kg CO2当量/m3/MPa。总的来说，这项研究促进了对收缩减缓机制的理解，并为高性能、低碳再生骨料混凝土的发展提供了一条可扩展的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Rationally designed mineral phase reconstruction for selective extraction and full-component recovery of Nd-Fe-B magnet scraps 合理设计矿相重构，对钕铁硼磁铁废渣进行选择性萃取和全组分回收

IF 7.8 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100260

Pengju Yang, Youjun Mao, Jie He

The strong bonding between atoms in Nd-Fe-B magnets makes the high-efficiency and near-zero-waste recovery of all components become a challenge. In this work, a new method combined mineral phase reconstruction with physical separation is proposed to recycle REEs (rare earth elements) and non-REEs from the magnet scraps. Metal Bi as a key initiator is designed to reconstruct the Nd₂Fe₁₄B and Nd-rich original phases in the magnet. It indicates that the two original phases were constructed into non-bonding Fe-rich phase (containing non-REEs) and Bi-rich phase (containing REEs), respectively. Subsequently, the Bi-rich substance magnetically separated from the reconstructed scrap powders were distilled to extract the RE metals. The volatile metal Bi and Fe-rich substance are reusable. The recovery rates of REEs and non-REEs reach 97.3% and 97.6%, respectively. The phase evolution during the phase reconstruction was discussed, and a comparative assessment of the energy consumption and CO₂ emissions was conducted. This work provides a low-consumption and environmental-friendly shortcut for full-component recovery of the Nd-Fe-B magnet scraps.

Nd-Fe-B磁体中原子之间的强键合使得所有组件的高效和近乎零废物回收成为一个挑战。本文提出了一种矿物相重构与物理分离相结合的方法，从磁体废料中回收稀土元素和非稀土元素。设计了金属Bi作为关键引发剂来重建磁体中Nd2Fe14B和富nd原始相。结果表明，两个原始相分别被构建为非键合富铁相（含非稀土元素）和富bi相（含稀土元素）。然后，从重构的废粉中磁分离出富bi物质进行蒸馏，提取稀土金属。挥发性金属铋和富铁物质可重复使用。稀土元素和非稀土元素的回收率分别达到97.3%和97.6%。讨论了相位重建过程中的相位演变，并对能耗和CO2排放进行了对比评估。本研究为钕铁硼磁铁废料的全组分回收提供了一条低消耗、环保的捷径。

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引用次数: 0

ESGOnt: An ontology-based framework for Enhancing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) assessments and aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) ESGOnt：基于本体的框架，用于加强环境、社会和治理（ESG）评估并与可持续发展目标（SDG）保持一致

IF 7.8 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100262

Annas Vijaya , Faris Dzaudan Qadri , Linda Salma Angreani , Hendro Wicaksono

This study proposes ESGOnt, an ontology-based framework that aligns Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) management with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). ESGOnt addresses key challenges in sustainable resource governance systems and cross-sector interoperability by providing a unified structure for ESG and SDG integration. The framework was developed through a systematic methodology that combines a literature review, standardization of ESG and SDG relationships, development of an adaptable maturity model, and ontology implementation using established methods such as Methontology and NeOn. ESGOnt enables the integration of diverse ESG taxonomies and ESG reporting standards, including GRI and ESRS, and assists companies in their ESG performance evaluation. Empirical validation through real-world use cases demonstrates its capability to (1) direct assessment of ESG assessments with specific SDG targets, such as SDG13 (Climate Action) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), (2) assess organizational ESG progress through different metrics, (3) facilitation of standardized and interoperable reporting for small and large enterprises, and (4) automatically validate organization compliance with EU Non-Financial Reporting Directive regulations. The findings show that ESGOnt resolves data inconsistency and transparency issues by enabling integrated and auditable sustainability reporting. The ontology-driven approach of the framework enables scalable and policy-relevant tools for tracking environmental and social impacts, while its maturity model focuses on strategic improvements in resource efficiency. Future studies will analyze and extend ESGOnt’s functionality for sector-specific capabilities, such as bioeconomy control systems, and explore advanced AI-driven inspection methods for real-time ESG-SDG assessment.

本研究提出了ESGOnt，这是一个基于本体的框架，将环境、社会和治理（ESG）管理与可持续发展目标（sdg）相结合。ESGOnt通过为ESG和可持续发展目标的整合提供统一的结构，解决了可持续资源治理体系和跨部门互操作性方面的关键挑战。该框架是通过一种系统的方法开发的，该方法结合了文献综述、ESG和SDG关系的标准化、适应性成熟度模型的开发以及使用Methontology和NeOn等既定方法实现的本体。ESGOnt能够整合各种ESG分类和ESG报告标准，包括GRI和ESRS，并协助公司进行ESG绩效评估。通过真实用例进行的实证验证表明，其能够(1)直接评估具有特定可持续发展目标的ESG评估，例如可持续发展目标13（气候行动）和可持续发展目标12（负责任的消费和生产），(2)通过不同的指标评估组织ESG进展，(3)促进小型和大型企业的标准化和可互操作报告。(4)自动验证组织是否符合欧盟非财务报告指令法规。研究结果表明，ESGOnt通过集成和可审计的可持续发展报告解决了数据不一致和透明度问题。该框架的本体驱动方法支持可扩展的和与政策相关的工具，用于跟踪环境和社会影响，而其成熟度模型侧重于资源效率的战略性改进。未来的研究将分析和扩展ESGOnt的功能，以满足特定行业的需求，如生物经济控制系统，并探索先进的人工智能驱动的检测方法，用于实时评估ESG-SDG。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term organic fertilization decreases soil carbon biodegradability by mediating molecular transformation of dissolved organic matter 长期施用有机肥通过调节溶解有机质的分子转化降低土壤碳的可降解性

IF 7.8 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-08-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100261

Siwei Shi , Danna Chang , Ting Liang , Songjuan Gao , Guopeng Zhou , Weidong Cao

Soil dissolved organic matter (DOM), the most biogeochemically active carbon fraction, plays a critical role in regional and global carbon cycling. However, the DOM molecular transformation pathways through which long-term organic fertilization influences soil carbon stability remain poorly understood. Here, we employed carbon quantification, multiple spectroscopic techniques, and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry to characterize the quantity and quality of soil DOM across depths of 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–80, and 80–100 cm in a 35-year field experiment with chemical fertilizer (CF), cattle manure (CM), and green manure (GM). Compared to CF, CM and GM increased DOM content by 73.0%–162.8% and 81.4%–101.7%, respectively, in the 0–40 cm layers, with CM also enhancing DOM by 24.9%–69.6% in the 40–100 cm layers. DOM in organic-fertilized soils exhibited higher molecular weights and contained 23.0%–26.2% more nitrogen-containing molecular formulas than in CF-treated soils. Organic fertilization also promoted the accumulation of humic-like fluorescence components and recalcitrant compounds such as lignin-, tannin-, and condensed aromatic-like structures. Transformation network analysis showed that organic fertilization increased total number of DOM molecular transformations by 10.4%–14.1%, with positive net transformations observed in tannin- and condensed aromatic-like compounds, suggesting their formation from lignin-like and aliphatic precursors. A 28-day laboratory incubation further suggested that soil DOM under CM or GM exhibited 10.3%–13.2% lower biodegradability than CF treatment. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that long-term organic fertilization drives DOM molecular transformations toward more chemically stable assemblages, thereby reducing its biodegradability and enhancing the potential for soil carbon sequestration.

土壤溶解有机质（DOM）是生物地球化学活性最高的碳组分，在区域和全球碳循环中起着至关重要的作用。然而，长期有机施肥影响土壤碳稳定性的DOM分子转化途径尚不清楚。本研究采用碳定量、多光谱技术和超高分辨率质谱技术，对化肥（CF）、牛粪（cm）和绿肥（GM）土壤DOM在0-20、20-40、40-60、60-80和80-100 cm深度的数量和质量进行了表征。与CF相比，CM和GM在0 ~ 40 CM层的DOM含量分别提高了73.0% ~ 162.8%和81.4% ~ 101.7%，CM在40 ~ 100 CM层的DOM含量也提高了24.9% ~ 69.6%。有机肥土壤DOM分子量较高，含氮分子式比cf处理土壤高23.0% ~ 26.2%。有机施肥也促进了腐殖质样荧光成分和顽固性化合物的积累，如木质素-、单宁-和凝聚的芳香样结构。转化网络分析表明，有机肥使DOM分子转化总数增加了10.4%-14.1%，其中单宁类和缩合类芳香化合物的净转化为正，表明它们是由木质素类和脂肪族前体形成的。28天的室内培养进一步表明，CM或GM处理下土壤DOM的生物降解性比CF处理低10.3% ~ 13.2%。综上所述，这些发现表明，长期有机施肥会促使DOM分子向更稳定的化学组合转变，从而降低其生物降解性，增强土壤固碳潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Life cycle assessment of Camellia (Camellia oleifera spp.) seed oil production in China for forestry sustainability and food security 中国油茶（Camellia oleifera spp.）籽油生产生命周期评价对林业可持续发展和粮食安全的影响

IF 7.8 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Resources Environment and Sustainability

Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100253

Mengde Sun , Feidong Lu , Meifang Zhao , Yingying Xia , Yibo Tan , Peng Kang

As China advances its National Woody Oilseed Strategy (2021–2035) to enhance edible oil self-sufficiency, reconciling camellia oil production with carbon neutrality goals demands precise emission diagnostics. In this study, a new forest-to-oil module was developed, utilizing operational data from 37 forest farms and processing plants in China. In accordance with the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard (Scope 1, 2 & 3), the LCA system for camellia oil spans from the nursery gate to the oil-mill gate, covering all direct (Scope 1), indirect energy (Scope 2) and upstream value-chain (Scope 3) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (assessed with global warming potential, GWP) associated with both forest farm operations and oil mill processes. Results show a carbon intensity of 3.91 t CO₂-eq per ton oil, translating to annual sectoral emissions of 7.81 Mt CO₂-eq based on China’s 2025 camellia oil output (2.00 million tons). Organic fertilizer (45.27% of total) and compound fertilizers (29.91% of total) dominate emission sources. Spatial analysis identifies three critical provinces—Hunan (29.46%), Jiangxi (22.43%), and Guangxi (12.83%)—collectively responsible for 64.72% of national production emissions, the disparity stems from regional grid emissions and interprovincial transport distance variations. Scenario modeling demonstrates 4.16–14.57% emission reduction potential through: (1) precision fertilization targeting 25%–30% nitrogen efficiency improvement, (2) renewable energy integration in processing (40% solar/wind penetration), and (3) intermodal logistics optimization. These findings provide spatially explicit mitigation pathways, emphasizing the necessity of province-specific policies balancing oil security and decarbonization targets. These insights not only guide forestry units in lowering their greenhouse gas emissions but also highlight the importance of sustainability in the camellia oil industry, offering essential support for its enhancement.

随着中国推进“国家木本油籽战略（2021-2035）”以提高食用油的自给自足，协调山茶油生产与碳中和目标需要精确的排放诊断。在本研究中，利用中国37个林场和加工厂的运营数据，开发了一个新的森林制油模块。根据温室气体议定书公司标准(范围1,2 &；3)，油茶油的LCA系统涵盖了从苗圃门到油厂门的所有直接（范围1），间接能源（范围2）和上游价值链（范围3）温室气体（GHG）排放（以全球变暖潜能值GWP评估）与林场运营和油厂过程相关。结果显示，每吨油茶的碳强度为3.91吨二氧化碳当量，根据中国2025年油茶产量（200万吨）计算，每年的行业排放量为781万吨二氧化碳当量。有机肥（45.27%）和复合肥（29.91%）是主要的排放源。空间分析表明，湖南（29.46%）、江西（22.43%）和广西（12.83%）三个关键省份的排放总量占全国生产排放总量的64.72%，这一差异源于区域电网排放和省际运输距离的差异。情景建模显示，通过以下方式，减排潜力为4.16-14.57%:(1)精准施肥，目标是提高25%-30%的氮肥效率；(2)加工过程中可再生能源的整合（40%的太阳能/风能渗透）；(3)多式联运物流优化。这些研究结果提供了空间上明确的缓解路径，强调了省级政策平衡石油安全和脱碳目标的必要性。这些见解不仅指导林业单位降低温室气体排放，而且强调了茶油行业可持续发展的重要性，为其增强提供了必要的支持。

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引用次数: 0