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The assembly process and co-occurrence network of soil microbial community driven by cadmium in volcanic ecosystem 火山生态系统中镉驱动的土壤微生物群落组装过程与共生网络
IF 12.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100164

Heavy metal (HM) contamination affects the composition and structure of soil microbial communities, but there are few studies on the assembly process and co-occurrence network of soil microbial community succession driven by Cd in volcanic ecosystem. To address this gap in knowledge, we collected and analyzed soil samples from the Nvshan Volcanic area to understand the microbial characteristics in primary succession soil (PS) and secondary succession soil (SS). We found that the soil was contaminated with different levels of Cd (PS > SS), resulting in obvious heterogeneity of microorganisms. The absolute abundance of bacteria (16S rRNA gene copies) varied significantly between the two successions (P < 0.0001). The co-occurrence networks analysis showed that the number of nodes in bacterial communities was lower in PS compared to SS (1002 vs. 1004), indicating that heavy metal contamination would reduce the number of soil microbial communities. Compared with PS, bacterial communities exhibited stronger competitiveness in SS (positive: negative, P/N: 25.69 vs. 64.22), whereas fungal communities were closer symbiotic relationships (positive/negative, P/N: 15.85 vs. 14.29). The neutral community model (NCM) analysis revealed that stochastic processes predominantly governed the microbial assembly process (bacterial R2: 0.657, fungal R2: 0.686). The Mantel test analysis revealed that Cd was negatively associated with cbbLR, amoA, and phoD. The results of the Sankey diagram showed that fungi were more resistant than bacteria (27 vs. 13). This study contributes to understanding the process of soil microbial succession under Cd stress and identifying microbial strains with potential for Cd remediation.

重金属(HM)污染会影响土壤微生物群落的组成和结构,但有关火山生态系统中镉驱动的土壤微生物群落演替的组装过程和共生网络的研究却很少。针对这一知识空白,我们采集并分析了女山火山区的土壤样本,以了解原生演替土壤(PS)和次生演替土壤(SS)的微生物特征。我们发现,土壤受到不同程度的镉污染(PS > SS),导致微生物具有明显的异质性。细菌的绝对丰度(16S rRNA 基因拷贝数)在两种演替之间存在显著差异(P < 0.0001)。共现网络分析显示,与 SS 相比,PS 中细菌群落的节点数量较少(1002 对 1004),这表明重金属污染会减少土壤微生物群落的数量。与 PS 相比,SS 中的细菌群落表现出更强的竞争性(正:负,P/N:25.69 对 64.22),而真菌群落的共生关系更密切(正/负,P/N:15.85 对 14.29)。中性群落模型(NCM)分析表明,随机过程主要控制微生物的组装过程(细菌 R2:0.657,真菌 R2:0.686)。曼特尔检验分析表明,镉与 cbbLR、amoA 和 phoD 负相关。桑基图的结果显示,真菌的抗性高于细菌(27 对 13)。这项研究有助于了解镉胁迫下的土壤微生物演替过程,并确定具有镉修复潜力的微生物菌株。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of chemical risks and circular economy implications of recycled PET in food packaging with functional barriers 评估食品包装中再生 PET 的化学风险和对循环经济的影响
IF 12.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100163

In response to regulatory demands for sustainable practices, there has been a significant increase in the use of recycled materials in food packaging, particularly when incorporated behind functional barriers. This study, conducted as part of the “ABA Modeling” project, evaluates the migration of contaminants from the non-decontaminated, recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) B-layer, which is sandwiched between two virgin A-layers in three-layer trays. The study aims to assess the long-term implications for food safety within the context of the European and French circular economy frameworks. Using a migration modeling approach based on “worst-case” scenarios for ten contaminants – similar to methodologies employed for decontaminated direct food contact PET – the levels of chemical residues are analyzed and compared. Findings highlight the significant impact of the co-extrusion process on the suitability of rPET for food contact. Additionally, the study discusses the risks and challenges for the recycling sector, particularly in managing chemical contamination during mechanical recycling. Recommendations are provided to improve industrial practices, emphasizing the importance of ongoing monitoring to ensure the long-term sustainability of these recycling practices.

为了满足可持续发展的监管要求,食品包装中对回收材料的使用大幅增加,尤其是在功能性屏障后面使用回收材料时。作为 "ABA 建模 "项目的一部分,本研究评估了三层托盘中夹在两层原生 A 层之间的未去污再生聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(rPET)B 层的污染物迁移情况。这项研究旨在评估在欧洲和法国循环经济框架内对食品安全的长期影响。该研究采用基于十种污染物 "最坏情况 "情景的迁移建模方法(类似于用于净化直接接触食品的 PET 的方法),对化学残留物的水平进行了分析和比较。研究结果强调了共挤工艺对 rPET 食品接触适用性的重大影响。此外,研究还讨论了回收行业面临的风险和挑战,特别是在机械回收过程中管理化学污染方面。研究提出了改进工业实践的建议,强调了持续监测的重要性,以确保这些回收实践的长期可持续性。
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引用次数: 0
Fast as a plane, clean as a train? Prospective life cycle assessment of a hyperloop system 像飞机一样快,像火车一样干净?超级高铁系统的前瞻性生命周期评估
IF 12.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100162
Paul Beckert , Giacomo Pareschi , Julian Ehwald , Romain Sacchi , Christian Bauer

Today, options to reduce the climate impacts of high-speed passenger transport over hundreds of kilometres are limited to using low-carbon synthetic fuels in aviation and high-speed trains. In the future, alternatives like battery electric airplanes might be available. Further, vehicles operating in near-vacuum tubes, so-called “hyperloop systems”, could represent an alternative. Our first-of-its-kind environmental life cycle assessment (LCA), considering its construction, operation, and end-of-life, shows that such a hyperloop system is energy-efficient and can exhibit very low greenhouse gas emissions (<8 g CO2/pkm) if low-carbon sources provide electricity for its operation and relatively high occupation rates can be realised. The environmental performance of a hyperloop system can be regarded as very similar to that of a train offering the same transport service. Compared to air travel, environmental burdens can be substantially reduced (<5% impact on climate change compared to conventional aircraft). This fundamental finding holds despite uncertainties regarding technical properties and design choices, which reflect the current development status of the hyperloop.

如今,减少数百公里高速客运对气候影响的方案仅限于在航空和高速列车中使用低碳合成燃料。未来,可能会出现电池电动飞机等替代品。此外,在近真空管道中运行的车辆,即所谓的 "超回路系统",也可能是一种替代方案。我们首次进行了环境生命周期评估(LCA),考虑了其建造、运行和报废,结果表明,如果低碳能源为其运行提供电力,并且能够实现相对较高的占用率,那么这种超高速系统具有很高的能效,并且温室气体排放量非常低(8 克二氧化碳/平方公里)。超高速轨道系统的环境性能与提供相同运输服务的火车非常相似。与航空旅行相比,环境负担可以大大减轻(与传统飞机相比,对气候变化的影响为 5%)。尽管技术特性和设计选择存在不确定性,但这一基本结论仍然成立,这反映了超高速轨道目前的发展状况。
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引用次数: 0
The overlooked role of deep soil in dissolved organic carbon transformation and CO2 emissions: Evidence from incubation experiments and FT-ICR MS characterization 深层土壤在溶解有机碳转化和二氧化碳排放中被忽视的作用:培养实验和 FT-ICR MS 表征提供的证据
IF 12.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100161
Haoran Wu, Jia Xin, Zhiyuan Zhang, Linna Jia, Wenlin Ren, Zeliang Shen

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a major source for CO2 emission, and strongly involved in the transformation of many pollutants in the environmental medium. Neglecting the transformation of DOC in deep soil (>100 cm) may lead to a high degree of uncertainty in the estimation of the soil C budget, greenhouse gas emission and environmental risk. Using an envelope soil profile in a representative agricultural region of eastern China, this study provides kinetic and molecular evidence for DOC transformation in deep soil. Deep soil remained rich in DOC, with 52.53–65.46% of the DOC sequestered in soil below 100 cm. DOC in deep soil may be derived more from leaching from shallow soil than from the decomposition of in situ SOC. As the incubation process progressed, the DOC changed in three stages: (I) DOC accumulation; (II) DOC decomposition; and (III) slow DOC accumulation, with CO2 emissions exhibiting corresponding kinetic patterns. Soil CO2 release from deep soil accounted for a non-negligible portion (12.9–57.4%) of the soil profile. Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry indicated that during the incubation process, less aromatic, and more saturated DOC molecules with lower molecular weights may be preferentially decomposed. During the early stages of incubation, lipids and peptides were preferentially degraded. In the later stages, due to the depletion of active components, lignin began to undergo partial degradation. DOC transformation in deep soil was favored under anaerobic conditions. This study might shed new light on the greenhouse effect and the environmental risk management.

溶解有机碳(DOC)是二氧化碳排放的主要来源,并强烈参与环境介质中许多污染物的转化。忽视土壤深层(100 厘米)DOC 的转化可能会导致土壤 C 预算、温室气体排放和环境风险估算的高度不确定性。本研究利用中国东部一个具有代表性的农业区的包膜土壤剖面,提供了深层土壤中 DOC 转化的动力学和分子证据。深层土壤中仍富含 DOC,其中 52.53%-65.46% 的 DOC 被封存在 100 厘米以下的土壤中。深层土壤中的 DOC 可能更多地来自浅层土壤的淋溶,而非原地 SOC 的分解。随着培养过程的进行,DOC 的变化分为三个阶段:(I)DOC 积累;(II)DOC 分解;(III)DOC 缓慢积累,CO2 的排放也呈现出相应的动力学规律。从深层土壤中释放的土壤二氧化碳占土壤剖面中不可忽视的一部分(12.9-57.4%)。傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱分析表明,在培养过程中,芳香度较低、饱和度较高、分子量较小的 DOC 分子可能会优先分解。在培养的早期阶段,脂类和肽类优先降解。在后期阶段,由于活性成分耗尽,木质素开始部分降解。在厌氧条件下,深层土壤中的 DOC 转化更为有利。这项研究可能会给温室效应和环境风险管理带来新的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Key factors in developing controlled closed ecosystems for lunar missions 为月球任务开发受控封闭生态系统的关键因素
Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100160
José María Ortega-Hernandez , Dan Qiu , Jorge Pla-García , Zhang Yuanxun , Jesús Martinez-Frias , Xiao Long , Eva Sanchez-Rodriguez , Juan Hernandez-Narvaez , Gengxin Xie , Fernando Alberquilla

The utilization of in-situ resources will be crucial for the survival of astronauts in space. Therefore, plants and crops will be important for humans in space as they serve as food, provide oxygen, and remove carbon dioxide, enhancing habitability. The aim of this research is to explore the growth of crops on celestial bodies prior to human arrival. The paper outlines the creation of a novel capsule by Green Moon Project (GMP) designed to meet essential criteria for monitoring and enhancing crop cultivation on the lunar terrain, tackling key obstacles such as self-propagation, fluctuating light patterns, water provision, and monitoring germination and growth stages. The Center of Space Exploration (hereafter COSE) managed to sprout the first seed on another celestial body during the Chang’e 4 mission on the Moon in January 2019. This achievement means an important step in space agriculture and widens the biological research of crops that will sustain future crewed missions and human bases in space. Space farming requires greater understanding if humans are to survive in space without constant contact from Earth and that is why GMP goals are aligned COSE’s. Therefore, GMP and COSE work in synergy to boost the research of space farming, future crops, habitability, and close controlled environmental systems. Due to the similarities between both projects, both teams decided to join efforts and cooperate in future space missions. To provide scientific support and technical solutions for future long-term crewed exploration missions, it is mandatory to conduct ground verification experiments of controllable extraterrestrial ecosystems.

利用原地资源对宇航员在太空中的生存至关重要。因此,植物和农作物对人类在太空中的生存非常重要,因为它们可以作为食物,提供氧气,清除二氧化碳,提高宜居性。这项研究的目的是在人类到达之前探索天体上作物的生长情况。论文概述了 "绿月计划"(GMP)为满足监测和加强月球地形上作物栽培的基本标准而设计的新型太空舱,解决了自我繁殖、光照波动模式、供水以及监测发芽和生长阶段等关键障碍。太空探索中心(以下简称 COSE)在 2019 年 1 月的嫦娥四号月球任务中,成功在另一个天体上萌发了第一颗种子。这一成就意味着太空农业迈出了重要一步,并拓宽了对作物的生物学研究,这些作物将维持未来的载人飞行任务和人类太空基地。如果人类要在与地球没有持续联系的情况下在太空中生存,就需要对太空农业有更深入的了解,这也是 GMP 目标与 COSE 目标一致的原因。因此,GMP 和 COSE 协同工作,促进太空农业、未来作物、宜居性和近控环境系统的研究。由于两个项目的相似性,两个团队决定在未来的太空任务中携手合作。为了给未来的长期载人探索任务提供科学支持和技术解决方案,必须对可控的地外生态系统进行地面验证实验。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the effect of green finance on green development of China’s energy-intensive industry—A spatial econometric analysis 探索绿色金融对中国能源密集型产业绿色发展的影响--空间计量经济学分析
Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100159
Jinxian Lin , Ling Zhang , Zhanfeng Dong

An indispensable part of the green revolution is the green development of the Energy-intensive Industry (EII), which is crucial for China to achieve its “double carbon” target. EII is one of the key sectors bound by the green finance policy, whose development level is susceptible to regional conditions. Therefore, this research constructs a spatial Durbin model using provincial panel data (2001-2019) to empirically examine the impact of green finance on EII’s green total factor productivity (GTFP). Evidence shows that green finance boosts EII’s GTFP significantly and there is a spatial spillover effect. Specifically, the results demonstrate that the spatial spillover effect’s regional heterogeneity is positive in the eastern, central and northeastern regions, and negative in the weatern region. Furthermore, there is a spatial inhibitory effect on two subindustries of EII, i.e., Manufacture of Non-metallic Mineral Products industry and Smelting and Pressing of Non-ferrous Metals industry, proving the spatial spillover effect’s sectoral heterogeneity for green finance. This research provides experimental evidence and policy suggestions for enhancing the promotion impact of green finance on EII’s GTFP.

绿色革命不可或缺的一部分是能源密集型产业(EII)的绿色发展,这对中国实现 "双碳 "目标至关重要。能源密集型产业是受绿色金融政策约束的关键部门之一,其发展水平易受区域条件的影响。因此,本研究利用省级面板数据(2001-2019 年)构建了空间杜宾模型,实证检验了绿色金融对经济信息产业绿色全要素生产率(GTFP)的影响。研究结果表明,绿色金融显著提高了经济工业园区的全要素生产率,并且存在空间溢出效应。具体而言,研究结果表明,空间溢出效应的区域异质性在东部、中部和东北部地区为正,在西部地区为负。此外,经济产业投资中的两个子行业,即非金属矿物制品制造业和有色金属冶炼及压制业存在空间抑制效应,证明了空间溢出效应对绿色金融的部门异质性。这项研究为增强绿色金融对经济转型期国家技术创新基金的促进作用提供了实验证据和政策建议。
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引用次数: 0
Occurrence of dissolved organic matter in storm-drain inlet sediments and its implication for urban stormwater infrastructure sustainability 暴雨排水口沉积物中溶解有机物的存在及其对城市暴雨基础设施可持续性的影响
Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100158
Siping Niu , Yun Jiang , Hui Liu , Ruiqi Wang , Baiyu Cheng , Yisong Cheng

In the context of climate change, the effective management of carbon in urban stormwater infrastructure (USI) become increasingly crucial. Research indicates that dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a significant role in the carbon cycle within USI. However, there is a lack of comprehensive information regarding the occurrence of DOM in urban storm-drain inlet (SDI) sediments. This study was undertaken to examine the land use type-related distribution of DOM in SDI sediments, and then provide the suggestion for urban infrastructure sustainability. There are three findings: (1) The characteristics of DOM in SDI sediments, including content, hydrophilicity, molecular weight, and functional groups of aromatic rings, exhibited variation with land functional type; (2) Urban SDI DOM had low humification, and was primarily originated from autochthonous sources, with the proportion of humic-like components close to or exceeding 50%; and (3) SDI sediment DOM was likely to have different characteristics from road dust and stormwater due to microbial activities over dry season. Based on these findings, measures for urban stormwater infrastructure sustainability are proposed, including properly road sweeping, frequently SDI sediment dredging, decreasing in emission from industrial activities, promoting local educational practices, and limiting improper organic waste disposal. These results have implications for the management of stormwater-related carbon and provide valuable insights for the development of sustainable practices for urban ecosystems.

在气候变化的背景下,有效管理城市雨水基础设施(USI)中的碳变得越来越重要。研究表明,溶解有机物(DOM)在城市雨水基础设施的碳循环中发挥着重要作用。然而,目前还缺乏有关城市暴雨排水口(SDI)沉积物中 DOM 发生情况的全面信息。本研究旨在考察 SDI 沉积物中与土地利用类型相关的 DOM 分布情况,进而为城市基础设施的可持续发展提供建议。研究有三项发现:(1)SDI 沉积物中 DOM 的特征,包括含量、亲水性、分子量和芳香环的功能基团,随土地功能类型的变化而变化;(2)城市 SDI DOM 的腐殖化程度低,主要来源于自生源,腐殖样成分的比例接近或超过 50%;(3)由于旱季微生物的活动,SDI 沉积物 DOM 可能具有不同于道路扬尘和雨水的特征。根据这些发现,提出了城市雨水基础设施可持续发展的措施,包括适当清扫道路、经常疏浚 SDI 沉积物、减少工业活动的排放、促进地方教育实践以及限制不当的有机废物处置。这些结果对雨水相关碳的管理具有重要意义,并为城市生态系统可持续实践的发展提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Can higher resource utilization be achieved in demersal fish supply chains? Status and challenges from Iceland and Norway 底层鱼类供应链能否实现更高的资源利用率?冰岛和挪威的现状与挑战
Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100157
Andrea Viken Strand , Shraddha Mehta , Magnus Stoud Myhre , Guðrún Ólafsdóttir , Nina Maria Saviolidis

Most of the harvested demersal fish from Norway and Iceland is from sustainable, but fully exploited fish stocks. Increasing the harvest is therefore not considered a feasible option to meet the future global demand of seafood. Simultaneously, there are significant amounts of under-utilized​ rest raw materials (RRM) during harvesting, such as heads, skins, viscera, as well as prevalent food loss and waste (FLW) in the demersal fish supply chains. In this work we reviewed literature and conducted interviews with industry representatives to identify drivers and causes for FLW, as well as information on data capturing and current regulations in Norway and Iceland governing demersal fisheries. Based on these findings we have created a conceptual model of the demersal fish supply chain based on material and information flows modelling technique (MIFMT). The findings of our review indicates that losses during harvest and retail are the highest while the processing stage has the least volume of losses. However, there is currently no national level data generated on a regular basis which is identified as an important knowledge gap in mapping amounts of FLW. Our findings show that regulatory interventions during catch and improved RRM traceability could enhance the utilization of RRM in demersal fish supply chains. Information sharing and collaboration between the fishing fleet, seafood processors and the marine ingredient sector would allow improved resource utilization through better management of supply and demand. Furthermore, development of technology for on-board processing and storage is identified as a potential area of improvement. Currently, Iceland has a higher rate of utilization in the demersal fish sector than Norway due to certain regulatory, economic, and institutional aspects.

挪威和冰岛捕捞的大部分底层鱼类来自可持续但已充分开发的鱼类种群。因此,增加捕捞量被认为不是满足未来全球海产品需求的可行方案。同时,在底栖鱼类供应链中存在大量未充分利用的其余原材料(RRM),如鱼头、鱼皮、内脏以及普遍存在的食物损失和浪费(FLW)。在这项工作中,我们查阅了相关文献,并对行业代表进行了访谈,以确定造成食物损失和浪费的驱动因素和原因,以及挪威和冰岛有关底层渔业的数据采集和现行法规方面的信息。在这些研究结果的基础上,我们根据物质流和信息流建模技术(MIFMT)建立了底栖鱼类供应链概念模型。我们的研究结果表明,捕捞和零售过程中的损失最大,而加工阶段的损失最少。然而,目前还没有定期生成的国家级数据,这被认为是绘制 FLW 数量图的一个重要知识缺口。我们的研究结果表明,在捕捞过程中进行监管干预和提高 RRM 可追溯性可提高底层鱼类供应链中 RRM 的利用率。捕鱼船队、海产品加工商和海洋配料部门之间的信息共享与合作,可通过更好的供需管理提高资源利用率。此外,开发船上加工和储存技术也被认为是一个潜在的改进领域。目前,由于某些监管、经济和制度方面的原因,冰岛底层鱼类部门的利用率高于挪威。
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引用次数: 0
Reducing livestock quantities to avoid manure nitrogen surplus: would meat self-sufficiency be met in eastern regions of China? 减少牲畜数量以避免粪肥氮过剩:中国东部地区能否实现肉类自给自足?
Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100156
Yang Li , Zhigang Sun , Xiangzheng Deng , Francesco Accatino

In building a sustainable food system, the management of livestock production should avoid nitrogen (N) surplus and ensure animal-sourced food self-sufficiency. Reducing livestock quantities in regions producing excess of animal-sourced food and livestock manure is an effective approach for mitigating manure N surplus. In this study, we considered the eastern regions of China as a case study to quantitatively analyze whether meat self-sufficiency could be met when reducing the livestock quantity to avoid manure N surplus. In addition to considering the baseline scenario, considering the current livestock quantity (scenario C), we defined three strategies corresponding to livestock reduction scenarios: taking meat self-sufficiency as a priority regardless of the manure balance (scenario TB); taking manure N surplus avoidance as a priority regardless of the meat balance (scenario MNB); and considering the most limiting conditions between satisfying meat self-sufficiency and avoiding manure N surplus (scenario LF). A balance index was used to describe the excess (i.e., positive value) or deficiency (i.e., negative value) of meat and manure N. Concerning the whole of eastern China, in scenario LF, the meat balance index (TBI) and manure N balance index (MNBI) were 0.25 and −0.39, respectively, which could satisfy meat demand while avoid manure N surplus (for scenarios C, TB, and MNB, the TBIs were 1.95, 0, and 1.09, and the MNBIs were 0.56, −0.48, and 0, respectively). At the regional level, the regions with meat self-sufficiency accounted for more than 70% in the LF scenario, and manure N surplus could be avoided in all regions. However, southwestern China should adopt further measures, such as trading among adjacent regions and increasing manure fertilizer application, to satisfy the meat demand while avoiding surplus manure N.

在建设可持续粮食系统的过程中,畜牧业生产管理应避免氮(N)过剩,确保动物源食品自给自足。在动物源性食物和牲畜粪便过剩的地区减少牲畜数量是缓解粪便氮过剩的有效方法。在本研究中,我们以中国东部地区为例,定量分析了在减少牲畜数量以避免粪肥氮过剩的情况下,能否实现肉类自给自足。除了考虑基线情景,即考虑当前牲畜数量(情景 C)外,我们还定义了与牲畜减少情景相对应的三种策略:不考虑粪肥平衡,优先考虑肉类自给自足(情景 TB);不考虑肉类平衡,优先考虑避免粪肥氮过剩(情景 MNB);考虑满足肉类自给自足和避免粪肥氮过剩之间的最大限制条件(情景 LF)。采用平衡指数来描述肉类和粪肥的过剩(即正值)或不足(即负值)、就整个华东地区而言,在 LF 情景下,肉类平衡指数(TBI)和粪肥氮平衡指数(MNBI)分别为 0.25 和 -0.39,可以在满足肉类需求的同时避免粪肥氮过剩(在 C、TB 和 MNB 情景下,TBI 分别为 1.95、0 和 1.09,MNBI 分别为 0.56、-0.48 和 0)。从区域层面来看,在 LF 情景下,肉类自给率超过 70%,所有地区均可避免粪肥氮过剩。但是,西南地区应进一步采取相邻地区间交易、增加粪肥施用量等措施,在满足肉类需求的同时避免粪肥氮过剩。
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引用次数: 0
Variability of the declared recycled content by changing allocation methods: A case study on plastic waste recycling 通过改变分配方法实现申报回收含量的可变性:塑料废物回收案例研究
Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100154
Francesco Caraceni , Elisabetta Abbate , Carlo Brondi , Martino Colonna , Giovanni Dotelli , Andrea Ballarino

The Chain of Custody (CoC) standard tracks the recycled content (RC) of products, in most cases using the Mass Balance model. This model freely allows the selection of allocation methods and timeframes for the RC evaluation. Our work opens a discussion on the potential effects of this freedom in the RC evaluation. Firstly, we defined the general model representing the viable allocation methods and timeframe, and secondly, we applied the model to a case study. The mass balance model simplifies the monitoring of RC and encourages companies to use recycled materials. However, we outline the need for actions on stricter RC calculation and reporting, for instance, by reducing the timeframe of mass balance calculation or promoting the controlled blending model, which guarantees the physical presence of RC in the product. The results provide a basis for policymakers to set requirements for RC evaluation.

监管链(CoC)标准跟踪产品的回收成分(RC),在大多数情况下使用质量平衡模型。该模型允许自由选择分配方法和时间范围进行 RC 评估。我们的工作开启了关于这种自由度在 RC 评估中的潜在影响的讨论。首先,我们定义了代表可行分配方法和时间框架的一般模型;其次,我们将该模型应用于案例研究。质量平衡模型简化了对 RC 的监测,并鼓励公司使用回收材料。不过,我们概述了在更严格的 RC 计算和报告方面采取行动的必要性,例如,缩短质量平衡计算的时间框架或推广受控混合模式,以保证产品中实际存在 RC。研究结果为决策者制定 RC 评估要求提供了依据。
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引用次数: 0
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Resources Environment and Sustainability
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