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State of the information and analytic database of exogenous geological processes on the territory of the Ural Federal District 乌拉尔联邦区外生地质过程信息和分析数据库现状
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2021.5.4.346-353
S. Elokhina, T.S. Myznikova, A. Khudyakov
13 genetic types of dangerous exogenous geological processes (EGP) have been developed on the territory of the Ural Federal District (UFD). This work aims to illustrate the system of accounting and accumulating information on the manifestations of dangerous EGPs of each genetic type. When conducting the state monitoring of the subsurface state (SMSS), the information about the EGP manifestations is accumulated in the structured data arrays (SDAs), which are organized for each subject of the Russian Federation within the UFD. The sources of information are the results of areal regular and one-time engineering and geological surveys, materials from official open and stock sources. On the basis of accumulated data, we have concluded that the most common genetic types of dangerous EGPs in the UFD territory are gully erosion (28.4 %) and karst-suffusion process (21.5 %), which make up about half of the total number of all recorded manifestations. The operation of the information and analytical base of the SMSS EGP allows to perform accounting, analytical (including the identification of patterns of EGP development for a selected time interval), reporting and statistical functions, increases the reliability of seasonal and annual forecasts.
在乌拉尔联邦区(UFD)境内开发了13种危险外源地质过程(EGP)的成因类型。这项工作的目的是说明系统的会计和积累信息的危险egp的表现,每一种遗传类型。在进行地下状态(SMSS)的状态监测时,有关EGP表现的信息积累在结构化数据阵列(sda)中,这些数据阵列是为UFD内俄罗斯联邦的每个主题组织的。信息来源是地区定期和一次性工程和地质调查的结果,资料来自官方公开和库存来源。根据累积的数据,我们得出结论,UFD地区最常见的危险egp遗传类型是沟沟侵蚀(28.4%)和喀斯特-弥漫过程(21.5%),占所有记录的egp总数的一半左右。SMSS EGP的信息和分析基础的运作允许执行会计、分析(包括确定EGP在选定时间间隔内的发展模式)、报告和统计功能,增加了季节和年度预测的可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
Activity of Chirinkotan and Sarychev Peak volcanoes in 2021 (Kuril Islands) 2021年奇林科丹和萨里切夫火山的活动(千岛群岛)
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2021.5.4.354-360
A. Degterev, M. Chibisova, R. Zharkov
This communication, based on satellite data and the results of visual observations, considers the main features of the activity of Chirinkotan and Sarychev Peak volcanoes in 2021. In the period from August 8 to 23, 2021, a moderate explosive eruption of Chirinkotan volcano took place. During this time, 11 volcanic explosions were recorded at an altitude of 1.5 to 4.5 km a.s.l. The parameters of the 2021 eruption were similar to previous eruptions in 2013–2015, 2016, 2017. At Sarychev Peak volcano on June 29, July 1, August 6 and November 26 of 2021 single relatively weak ejections to an altitude of about 2.2–3 km a.s.l. were recorded. Current activity of the volcano is associated with a recent effusive eruption that has taken place from December 2020 to February 2021, in which result a crater and mouth of the volcano turned out to be sealed with lava.
本次通信基于卫星数据和目视观测结果,考虑了2021年奇林科丹峰和萨里切夫峰火山活动的主要特征。2021年8月8日至23日,奇林科丹火山发生了一次中度爆发。在此期间,在海拔1.5至4.5 km的高度记录了11次火山喷发。2021年喷发的参数与2013-2015年,2016年和2017年的火山喷发相似。在2021年6月29日、7月1日、8月6日和11月26日,在Sarychev峰火山记录了一次相对较弱的喷发,高度约为2.2-3 km。目前的火山活动与最近发生在2020年12月至2021年2月的一次喷发有关,这次喷发导致火山口和火山口被熔岩封住。
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引用次数: 0
Fundamental for self-developing processes model and problems of its application to earthquakes prediction in the Far East region 自发展过程模型的基本原理及其在远东地区地震预报中的应用问题
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2021.5.2.138-145.145-152
L. Bogomolov, V. Sychev
Seismic activation in the period of foreshocks (prior to the mainshock) described by the model of self-developing processes (SDP) is possibly a manifestation of explosive instability of low frequency straining waves in metastable medium. To highlight so nontrivial relationship of continuous wave motions and discrete seismic events flow is a goal of this narrative. Thus, the rationale of the SDP model (the equation, in reality) has been modified, which is of importance in relevance with the article by the Malyshevs in the current issue (A.I. Malyshev, L.K. Malysheva. Precedent-extrapolation estimate of the seismic hazard in the Sakhalin and South Kurils region) which is to improve the seismic hazard estimates by means of this model. A new way to reveal the very beginning of blow-up regime after quasi-stationary one is proposed.
自发展过程模型(SDP)所描述的前震(主震之前)期的地震激活可能是亚稳介质中低频应变波爆炸失稳的一种表现。强调连续波运动与离散地震事件流之间如此重要的关系是本文叙述的目的。因此,SDP模型的基本原理(实际上是方程)已经被修改,这与Malyshev在本期(A.I. Malyshev, L.K. Malysheva)上的文章相关。对库页岛和南千岛群岛地区地震危险性进行了先例外推估算,以改进该模型对地震危险性的估算。提出了一种揭示准平稳爆破后爆破起始点的新方法。
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引用次数: 0
Geological evolution of the northern Mid Kuril trough based on seismic facies analysis 基于地震相分析的中千岛槽北部地质演化
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2021.5.3.275-286
V. V. Zhigulev, D. Jsc, A. V. Zhigulev
The model of geological evolution of an interarc basin, which is the north-east ending of Mid Kuril trough located on the continental slope of Kuril-Kamchatka trench, was constructed. Seismic facies analysis was first applied to define sedimentation conditions in a deep water trench. The analysis was based on the 2D CDP reflection seismic data obtained by Dalmorneftegeophysica JSC in 2014. According to the modeling results, the basin began to form in the Late Cretaceous and passed several stages. Initial subsidence of a local crust area of the incipient basin changed over to its further separation from the adjacent waters of the Sea of Okhotsk and Pacific Ocean by various volcanic formations framing its contour. The basin waters and the Pacific Ocean waters merged as a result of subsidence and submersion of volcanic structures on the east basin framing at the final stage during the Oligocene-Middle Miocene. This subsidence is directly related to the global processes associated with Kuril-Kamchatka ocean trench appearance such as inherent crust subsidence along valley bottom line accompanied by increase in inclination angle of its flanks. It was concluded that the trench origination time approximately corresponds to the Oligocene-Middle Miocene boundary.
建立了位于千岛-堪察加海沟陆坡上的中千岛海槽东北端弧间盆地地质演化模型。地震相分析首次用于确定深海沟沉积条件。分析基于2014年dalmornetegeophysics JSC获得的二维CDP反射地震数据。根据模拟结果,该盆地形成于晚白垩世,经历了几个阶段。早期盆地的局部地壳区域的最初下沉改变了它与鄂霍次克海和太平洋的邻近水域的进一步分离,各种火山形成了它的轮廓。渐新世-中中新世晚期,盆地东部构造上火山构造的沉降和淹没使盆地水与太平洋水合并。这种沉降与千岛-堪察加海沟形成的全球过程有直接关系,如沿谷底的固有地壳沉降,并伴随其侧翼倾角的增加。推断海沟的形成时间大致对应渐新世-中中新世界线。
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引用次数: 0
On the foreshock cascade and extraordinary forecasts in connection with the article by A.I. Malyshev and L.K. Malysheva “Precedent-extrapolation estimate of the seismic hazard in the Sakhalin and the Southern Kurils region” 关于A.I. Malyshev和L.K. Malysheva的文章“库页岛和南千岛群岛地区地震危险性的先例外推估计”的前震级联和异常预报
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2021.5.2.128-132.133-137
M. Rodkin
Not so many issues, that have such a divergence of view, as on the existence and nature of foreshock activation. The range here is from public admission, that the previously described effect of foreshock avalanche-like activation is nothing more than the result of (though unconscious) data fitting, to the cases of incredibly accurate predictions of the time of strong earthquakes (though retrospective). The article by A.I. Malyshev and L.K. Malysheva, published in the current issue, gave a reason to return to these disagreements again and to offer a possible explanation for them.
对于前震激活的存在和性质,并没有那么多问题有如此不同的看法。这里的范围是从公众承认,即之前描述的前震雪崩式激活的影响只不过是数据拟合的结果(尽管是无意识的),到对强震时间的难以置信的准确预测(尽管是回顾性的)。A.I. Malyshev和L.K. Malysheva发表在本期杂志上的一篇文章给了我们一个理由,让我们再次回到这些分歧上,并为它们提供了一个可能的解释。
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引用次数: 0
Distribution features of epiphytic lichens on Populus maximowiczii in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk city and its suburbs 南萨哈林斯克市及其郊区大白杨附生地衣分布特征
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2021.5.4.428-438
V. Kaganov, A. V. Kordyukov, A. K. Ezhkin
The results of research of epiphytic lichens as bioindicators of the atmosphere pollution in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk city and its suburbs are reported. Populus maximowiczii was chosen as the most common tree species in the plantings of the city as a lichen substrate. Control sites was chosen in natural habitats of Populus maximowiczii in surroundings of the city. In total, 47 lichen species were registered on bark of Populus maximowiczii on all sites. Three clusters of anthropogenic influence on lichens were defined by the results of the cluster analysis of 15 stations where species composition and occurrence frequency were registered. Four groups of lichen sensitivity to anthropogenic influence were identified according to confinement to these three clusters. The analysis of species distribution by the degree of sensitivity was made for each site.
报道了附生地衣作为南萨哈林斯克市及其郊区大气污染生物指标的研究结果。选取胡杨作为城市绿化中最常见的树种作为地衣基质。对照点选择在城市周边杨树自然生境。在各样点上共记录到47种地衣。通过对15个地衣物种组成和发生频率记录站点的聚类分析,确定了地衣受人为影响的3个聚类。根据对这三组地衣的限制,确定了四组地衣对人为影响的敏感性。对各站点的物种分布进行了敏感性分析。
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引用次数: 0
Activation of the Sarychev Peak volcano in 2020–2021 (Matua Isl., the Central Kuril Islands) 2020-2021年Sarychev火山(马图阿岛)的激活(中千岛群岛)
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2021.5.2.167-171
A. Degterev
This publication, based on remote sensing data, examines the features of the effusive eruption of the Sarychev Peak volcano (Matua Isl., the Central Kuril Islands), which took place from December 2020 till February 2021. On the basis of the analysis of the Sentinel satellite data, it was established that starting from December 2020, the crater of the Sarychev Peak volcano began to fill with lava. As of January 18, 2021, it was completely filled, then lava outpouring through a fissure in the north-northwest part began. A lava flow (length 2 km, width 80–90 m) descended along the bottom of the valley, which cuts the northwestern slope of the volcanic cone. The outpouring of lava was completed by February 7, 2021. The effusive eruption of the Sarychev Peak volcano in 2020–2021 is atypical for the modern stage of eruptive history, characterized mainly by explosive and explosive-effusive type of eruptions.
本出版物以遥感数据为基础,研究了Sarychev峰火山(Matua Isl)喷涌喷发的特征。从2020年12月至2021年2月举行。根据对哨兵卫星数据的分析,确定从2020年12月开始,萨里切夫峰火山口开始充满熔岩。截至2021年1月18日,它被完全填满,然后熔岩从西北北部的裂缝中涌出。熔岩流(长2公里,宽80-90米)沿着山谷底部下降,切断了火山锥的西北斜坡。熔岩的喷出于2021年2月7日完成。2020-2021年萨里切夫峰火山喷发是非现代喷发历史阶段的典型喷发,主要表现为爆发性和爆发性-喷涌型喷发。
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引用次数: 0
An algorithm for processing ice areas by Earth remote sensing data (by the example of MASIE-NH data) 利用地球遥感数据处理冰区的一种算法(以MASIE-NH数据为例)
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2021.5.1.067-071
V. S. Nikonov
An algorithm was developed to automate processing of large datasets of Earth remote sensing. The algorithm was developed and implemented in the form of an M-Processor program in the Python programming language using the modules of the ArcGIS Desktop 10.2 software, which allows complex calculations without spending additional time on programming and reduces the number of manipulations for calculating separate desired characteristics. The implementation of the developed algorithm is considered on the example of calculating the numerical characteristics of the ice area in the Sea of Okhotsk according to the data of the Multisensor Analyzed Sea Ice Extent – Northern Hemisphere (MASIE-NH) with a spatial resolution of 1 and 4 km and an ice-cover zoning mask.
提出了一种自动处理大型地球遥感数据集的算法。该算法以M-Processor程序的形式开发和实现,使用Python编程语言,使用ArcGIS Desktop 10.2软件的模块,这允许复杂的计算,而无需在编程上花费额外的时间,并减少了计算单独所需特征的操作次数。以利用空间分辨率分别为1 km和4 km的北半球多传感器海冰范围分析(MASIE-NH)数据和冰盖分区掩模计算鄂霍次克海海冰面积数值特征为例,讨论了该算法的实现。
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引用次数: 0
Deterministic and stochastic oscillations of fractal type during cooling of the melt 熔体冷却过程中分形型的确定性和随机振荡
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2021.5.4.439-447
I. Krasnyuk, A. Zabolotin
A "single-phase" model of melt crystallization in the Penrose–Fife representation for temperature distributions under non-isothermal conditions is considered. The boundary conditions are assumed to be nonlinear and dynamic, i.e. they characterize the relaxation rate of the surface order parameter. In this case, the boundary conditions depend on the frequency of new phase nucleation and the rate of a melt crystallization in the (near-)surface layers of the mold. A method is proposed for predicting the appearance of ordered spatiotemporal (quasi-)crystalline structures of the fractal type of the crystalline phase in a liquid melt. The surface order parameter determines the mechanical and deformation properties of the sample depending on the temperature of the solid.
考虑了非等温条件下温度分布的Penrose-Fife表示中熔体结晶的“单相”模型。假设边界条件是非线性的和动态的,即它们表征表面有序参数的松弛速率。在这种情况下,边界条件取决于新相成核的频率和模具(近)表层熔体结晶的速率。提出了一种预测液体熔体结晶相分形型有序时空(准)晶体结构出现的方法。根据固体的温度,表面有序参数决定了样品的力学和变形特性。
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引用次数: 0
Pliocene adakite-like accent of andesites and dacites from the Orlov volcanic field (Sakhalin Island) 奥尔洛夫火山田(库页岛)的安山岩和英安岩的上新世似阿迪岩的突出
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.30730/gtrz.2021.5.3.255-274
S. Rasskazov, A. V. Rybin, A. Degterev, I. Chuvashova, T. Yasnygina, E. Saranina
Adakite-like geochemical signature (high Sr/Y ratio at a low Y concentration) is recognized in andesites and dacites, associated with intraplate basalts in the Orlov volcanic field of Sakhalin Island. These rocks denote the final (Pliocene) accent of intraplate volcanism in the Lesogorsk zone, which began in the Middle Miocene in an area of its junction with the Chekhov zone of the preceded (Oligocene-Early Miocene) suprasubduction one. The adakite-like accent was related to the Sakhalin folding phase that accompanied the general structural reorganization in the back-side region in the Japan arc system. Such a geological environment differed from the one of classical adakites generation resulted from melting of a young slab in the Aleutian island arc. It is supposed, that the Sakhalin adakite-like magmas were produced in deep-seated sources of the crust-mantle transition displayed in the Sakhalin-Hokkaido-Japan Sea zone of hot transtension due to drastic change of tectonic deformations from the thin crust of the South Tatar Basin to the thicker one of its northeastern extremity.
在库页岛Orlov火山田的安山岩和英安岩中发现了与板内玄武岩相关的类埃达岩地球化学特征(高Sr/Y比值,低Y浓度)。这些岩石标志着莱索戈尔斯克地区板内火山活动的最终(上新世)重点,该火山活动开始于中新世中期,在其与前(渐新世-早中新世)上俯冲带契诃夫带的交界处。埃达克岩类重音与日本弧系后缘地区普遍构造重组伴随的库页岛褶皱期有关。这种地质环境不同于阿留申岛弧中一块年轻板块融化而形成的经典埃达克岩。认为库页岛埃达岩类岩浆是由于南塔塔尔盆地的薄壳向东北端较厚壳的构造变形剧烈变化,形成于库页岛-北海道-日本海热张带的壳幔转换的深层成因。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Geosistemy perekhodnykh zon
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