Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100607
Y. Gholami , R. Ansari , H. Rouhi
In this article, an efficient numerical approach is developed to study the primary resonant dynamics of rectangular plates with arbitrary boundary conditions made of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composites (FG-CNTRCs). The problem is formulated in the context of three-dimensional (3D) elasticity theory. Also, a variational approach based on Hamilton’s principle together with the variational differential quadrature (VDQ) method is proposed to obtain the discretized governing equations on space domain. Then, the solution procedure on the time domain is completed using the numerical Galerkin method, time periodic discretization method and pseudo arc-length continuation algorithm in order to find the frequency-response curves. It is considered that CNTs are distributed in the thickness direction based on an FG manner considering different patterns. After testing the convergence and validity of developed approach, numerical results are presented to investigate the influences of geometrical properties, CNT’s volume fraction and distribution pattern on the nonlinear forced vibration response of plates.
{"title":"Nonlinear forced vibration analysis of FG-CNTRC plates based on the 3D elasticity","authors":"Y. Gholami , R. Ansari , H. Rouhi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, an efficient numerical approach is developed to study the primary resonant dynamics of rectangular plates with arbitrary boundary conditions made of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composites (FG-CNTRCs). The problem is formulated in the context of three-dimensional (3D) elasticity theory. Also, a variational approach based on Hamilton’s principle together with the variational differential quadrature (VDQ) method is proposed to obtain the discretized governing equations on space domain. Then, the solution procedure on the time domain is completed using the numerical Galerkin method, time periodic discretization method and pseudo arc-length continuation algorithm in order to find the frequency-response curves. It is considered that CNTs are distributed in the thickness direction based on an FG manner considering different patterns. After testing the convergence and validity of developed approach, numerical results are presented to investigate the influences of geometrical properties, CNT’s volume fraction and distribution pattern on the nonlinear forced vibration response of plates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100607"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144108004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of thermoplastic composites reinforced with plant fibers has been in high demand due to their lightweight, recyclability and sustainability. However, conventional composite manufacturing processes are incompatible with natural fibers to get the desired impregnation level with thermoplastic matrices. There is a need to develop a sustainable, economical pre-impregnation method for better resin dispersion, extended shelf life, and faster production. This study aims to investigate a method for producing thermoplastic emulsion and its processing with plant fibers. Prepregs were fabricated using jute yarn and emulsion to prepare biocomposites via compression molding. These biocomposites were fabricated with six stacking sequences (A0450, A904590, A459045, A45045, A0900, and A90090). The mechanical performance of these composites showed strong dependence on the stacking sequence. The results revealed that the highest tensile strength of 17.02 MPa was exhibited by A0450, while a reduction of 94 % and 91 % in tensile strength was observed for laminates A459045 (1.55 MPa) and A904590 (1.01 MPa), respectively. The results of the short beam test showed a similar trend with no interlaminar failure. The inherent ductile nature of the matrix resulted in a rebound during a drop-weight test, and A0450 and A90090 showed the maximum load-bearing properties. The composites produced showed proper fiber impregnation and perfect interfacial adhesion, thus overcoming the limitations associated with traditional thermoplastic matrices. Further optimization of the developed acrylic emulsion could emerge as a potential substitute for conventional thermoplastics for the development of sustainable composites.
{"title":"Development of sustainable thermoplastic jute prepregs by emulsion impregnation for biocomposites","authors":"Muhammad Mahad Umair Saqib , Asif Hafeez , Hassan Mehboob , Khubab Shaker","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of thermoplastic composites reinforced with plant fibers has been in high demand due to their lightweight, recyclability and sustainability. However, conventional composite manufacturing processes are incompatible with natural fibers to get the desired impregnation level with thermoplastic matrices. There is a need to develop a sustainable, economical pre-impregnation method for better resin dispersion, extended shelf life, and faster production. This study aims to investigate a method for producing thermoplastic emulsion and its processing with plant fibers. Prepregs were fabricated using jute yarn and emulsion to prepare biocomposites via compression molding. These biocomposites were fabricated with six stacking sequences (A0450, A904590, A459045, A45045, A0900, and A90090). The mechanical performance of these composites showed strong dependence on the stacking sequence. The results revealed that the highest tensile strength of 17.02 MPa was exhibited by A0450, while a reduction of 94 % and 91 % in tensile strength was observed for laminates A459045 (1.55 MPa) and A904590 (1.01 MPa), respectively. The results of the short beam test showed a similar trend with no interlaminar failure. The inherent ductile nature of the matrix resulted in a rebound during a drop-weight test, and A0450 and A90090 showed the maximum load-bearing properties. The composites produced showed proper fiber impregnation and perfect interfacial adhesion, thus overcoming the limitations associated with traditional thermoplastic matrices. Further optimization of the developed acrylic emulsion could emerge as a potential substitute for conventional thermoplastics for the development of sustainable composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100619"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-03-08DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100583
Israr Ud Din , Adnan Ahmed , Kamran A. Khan
Origami-inspired self-sensing foldable structures made from fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) can be created using piezoresistive fabric laminates. These foldable structures enable real-time monitoring of the state of folds throughout the folding and unfolding processes. This study develops a simplified finite element (FE) modeling framework to predict the piezoresistive-mechanical response of the origami-inspired foldable structures. The model, implemented via UMATHT in ABAQUS®, leverages the analogy between electrical conduction and steady-state heat conduction. The piezoresistive-mechanical response of a simple folding hinge was predicted using the model and compared with the electromechanical folding experimental results. For this purpose, the hinge was manufactured by embedding rGO-coated fabric as a substrate for prepreg patches, which were consolidated using hot compression molding with varying sizes of the folding regions (3, 6, 9, and 12 mm). The folding tests revealed that the moment (M) and curvature (k) during bending depend on the fold region size (b), which in turn affects piezoresistivity, quantified as the fractional change in resistance (FCR). An inverse relationship was observed between moment, curvature, and piezoresistivity as the fold region size varied. Finally, the model was applied to predict piezoresistivity in two structures: a waterbomb base structure and an auxetic structure. We concluded that this modeling framework can be effectively used to predict the electromechanical response of full-scale foldable structures, calibrated with the experimental results of a simple folding hinge with a specific folding size.
{"title":"Origami-inspired self-sensing foldable composite structures: Experiments and modeling","authors":"Israr Ud Din , Adnan Ahmed , Kamran A. Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Origami-inspired self-sensing foldable structures made from fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs) can be created using piezoresistive fabric laminates. These foldable structures enable real-time monitoring of the state of folds throughout the folding and unfolding processes. This study develops a simplified finite element (FE) modeling framework to predict the piezoresistive-mechanical response of the origami-inspired foldable structures. The model, implemented via UMATHT in ABAQUS®, leverages the analogy between electrical conduction and steady-state heat conduction. The piezoresistive-mechanical response of a simple folding hinge was predicted using the model and compared with the electromechanical folding experimental results. For this purpose, the hinge was manufactured by embedding rGO-coated fabric as a substrate for prepreg patches, which were consolidated using hot compression molding with varying sizes of the folding regions (3, 6, 9, and 12 mm). The folding tests revealed that the moment (M) and curvature (k) during bending depend on the fold region size (b), which in turn affects piezoresistivity, quantified as the fractional change in resistance (FCR). An inverse relationship was observed between moment, curvature, and piezoresistivity as the fold region size varied. Finally, the model was applied to predict piezoresistivity in two structures: a waterbomb base structure and an auxetic structure. We concluded that this modeling framework can be effectively used to predict the electromechanical response of full-scale foldable structures, calibrated with the experimental results of a simple folding hinge with a specific folding size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100583"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-04-07DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100585
Bruno Castanie, Wiyao Azoti, Laurent Crouzeix, Ajiboye Bello, Rana Piega Taborda, Arslan Mahmood, Anthony Viste
This paper analyses laminated stiffened composite structures in aeronautic applications, covering many key subjects. Since the certification of these structures is based on the test pyramid methodology, several aspects will be addressed, mainly: static sizing and the obtention of allowable values, damage tolerance, post-buckling, large cuts and structural testing. Secondly, the main problems associated with the manufacturing of aeronautical composite structures will be discussed. Finally, a historical presentation of the main milestones in the introduction of fibrous materials will be given, based on the successive appearance of boron, glass and carbon fibres, with the help of a selection of examples. A detailed chronology of the pioneering introduction of carbon fibres into civil aeronautics by European industry will also be provided. Recent researches, trends and innovations will be discussed. Finally, conclusions and perspectives on this wide subject will be proposed.
{"title":"Review of monolithic composite laminate and stiffened structures in aeronautic applications","authors":"Bruno Castanie, Wiyao Azoti, Laurent Crouzeix, Ajiboye Bello, Rana Piega Taborda, Arslan Mahmood, Anthony Viste","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyses laminated stiffened composite structures in aeronautic applications, covering many key subjects. Since the certification of these structures is based on the test pyramid methodology, several aspects will be addressed, mainly: static sizing and the obtention of allowable values, damage tolerance, post-buckling, large cuts and structural testing. Secondly, the main problems associated with the manufacturing of aeronautical composite structures will be discussed. Finally, a historical presentation of the main milestones in the introduction of fibrous materials will be given, based on the successive appearance of boron, glass and carbon fibres, with the help of a selection of examples. A detailed chronology of the pioneering introduction of carbon fibres into civil aeronautics by European industry will also be provided. Recent researches, trends and innovations will be discussed. Finally, conclusions and perspectives on this wide subject will be proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100585"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100610
Holger Böhm , Jonas Richter , Jinbong Kim , Mungyu Jeong , Andreas Hornig , Maik Gude
In this study, the dynamic axial crushing response of tubular specimens made of glass-polyamide 6 composite material, with either mat or continuous bidirectional fibre reinforcement is experimentally investigated under three different temperature settings: −40 °, 23 ° and 80 °. The assessment and evaluation of the dynamic crush performance are based on the measured global force–displacement response, application of typical crashworthiness criteria and a detailed examination of the existing damage and failure phenomena, which are responsible for energy absorption. At temperatures of 23 ° and −40 °, all specimens showed a stable progressive crushing process by a pronounced splaying failure. Specimens with mat fibre reinforcement show a more stable and efficient crushing behaviour than specimens with continuous bidirectional fibre reinforcement. This behaviour changes for a temperature of 80 ° where the continuous bidirectional reinforced specimens exhibit a higher crush efficiency, while specimens with mat fibre reinforcement show a very unstable crushing process, leading to local compressive kinking failure and a 22% decrease in crush efficiency.
{"title":"Effect of temperature and fibre reinforcement on dynamic crush performance of glass-polyamide 6 composite tubes","authors":"Holger Böhm , Jonas Richter , Jinbong Kim , Mungyu Jeong , Andreas Hornig , Maik Gude","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the dynamic axial crushing response of tubular specimens made of glass-polyamide 6 composite material, with either mat or continuous bidirectional fibre reinforcement is experimentally investigated under three different temperature settings: −40 °<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span>, 23 °<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> and 80 °<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span>. The assessment and evaluation of the dynamic crush performance are based on the measured global force–displacement response, application of typical crashworthiness criteria and a detailed examination of the existing damage and failure phenomena, which are responsible for energy absorption. At temperatures of 23 °<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> and −40 °<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span>, all specimens showed a stable progressive crushing process by a pronounced splaying failure. Specimens with mat fibre reinforcement show a more stable and efficient crushing behaviour than specimens with continuous bidirectional fibre reinforcement. This behaviour changes for a temperature of 80 °<span><math><mi>C</mi></math></span> where the continuous bidirectional reinforced specimens exhibit a higher crush efficiency, while specimens with mat fibre reinforcement show a very unstable crushing process, leading to local compressive kinking failure and a 22% decrease in crush efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100610"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using a tool-change 3D printer, this study investigated the integration of structural formation and functional enhancement in 3D printing. Traditionally, single-material printing is the standard, making the combination of mechanically robust structures, such as those using fiber-reinforced composites, and functional enhancements, such as conductive materials, challenging. In this study, a tool-change system was implemented to enable material-specific print-head operation, enabling the simultaneous fabrication of structural and functional elements in a single process. Moreover, to reduce the impact of internal defects in functional enhancement, this study explored printing methods for existing sensors. Focusing on optical fibers for their continuous thread-like structure, they were processed into filaments by combining them with resin. These filamentized optical fibers demonstrated the ability to achieve sub-millimeter precision in printing. Additionally, the optical fibers exhibited measurement accuracy comparable to conventional sensors, highlighting their suitability as high-performance sensing components. By incorporating optical fibers into 3D printing, this study enabled the stable integration of high-quality sensors into printed components. Utilizing a tool-changing approach, it demonstrated the feasibility of combining entirely different materials in a single process. This achievement highlights the potential of tool-change systems to advance multi-material 3D printing, balancing structural formation with functional integration, and laying the foundation for innovative applications in additive manufacturing.
{"title":"Integration of composite-structure forming and optical fiber sensing using tool-change 3D printing","authors":"Gen Watanabe , Issei Ogawa , Hiroshi Ikaida , Mitsuo Matsunaga , Ryosuke Matsuzaki","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a tool-change 3D printer, this study investigated the integration of structural formation and functional enhancement in 3D printing. Traditionally, single-material printing is the standard, making the combination of mechanically robust structures, such as those using fiber-reinforced composites, and functional enhancements, such as conductive materials, challenging. In this study, a tool-change system was implemented to enable material-specific print-head operation, enabling the simultaneous fabrication of structural and functional elements in a single process. Moreover, to reduce the impact of internal defects in functional enhancement, this study explored printing methods for existing sensors. Focusing on optical fibers for their continuous thread-like structure, they were processed into filaments by combining them with resin. These filamentized optical fibers demonstrated the ability to achieve sub-millimeter precision in printing. Additionally, the optical fibers exhibited measurement accuracy comparable to conventional sensors, highlighting their suitability as high-performance sensing components. By incorporating optical fibers into 3D printing, this study enabled the stable integration of high-quality sensors into printed components. Utilizing a tool-changing approach, it demonstrated the feasibility of combining entirely different materials in a single process. This achievement highlights the potential of tool-change systems to advance multi-material 3D printing, balancing structural formation with functional integration, and laying the foundation for innovative applications in additive manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100611"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100612
Yizhuo Gui , Hongwei Song , Jinglei Yang , Cheng Qiu
The process-induced deformation (PID) of composite laminates has been one of the critical problems for engineering structures. While lots of design rules has been proposed for standardize the laminate design, there is a lack of specific rule to follow when controlling PID is a necessity due to the numerous affecting parameters. In this regard, a data-driven framework was proposed in this paper to determine the layup rules to follow for minimizing PID. Two specific machine learning (ML) models were built. One is combined model of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and principle component analysis (PCA) technique for connecting the layup sequences and their corresponding PID. Another one is the symbolic regression model, as an explainable ML technique, to quantitatively evaluate this connection. With the training data generated from the robust numerical simulation, it is found that a proper asymmetry is the key intrinsic factor that makes a smaller PID as it will counteract with the contributions of other extrinsic mechanisms. More importantly, a formula for easy evaluation of the asymmetry is provided to assist in guiding the layup design considering PID constraints. The formula is applied on the design problem of double-double (DD) composites. With the proper asymmetry added onto the original DD layup, the DD composites show a clear improvement on controlling the PID.
{"title":"Data-driven discovery of the design rules for considering the curing deformation and the application on double-double composites","authors":"Yizhuo Gui , Hongwei Song , Jinglei Yang , Cheng Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The process-induced deformation (PID) of composite laminates has been one of the critical problems for engineering structures. While lots of design rules has been proposed for standardize the laminate design, there is a lack of specific rule to follow when controlling PID is a necessity due to the numerous affecting parameters. In this regard, a data-driven framework was proposed in this paper to determine the layup rules to follow for minimizing PID. Two specific machine learning (ML) models were built. One is combined model of convolutional neural networks (CNN) and principle component analysis (PCA) technique for connecting the layup sequences and their corresponding PID. Another one is the symbolic regression model, as an explainable ML technique, to quantitatively evaluate this connection. With the training data generated from the robust numerical simulation, it is found that a proper asymmetry is the key intrinsic factor that makes a smaller PID as it will counteract with the contributions of other extrinsic mechanisms. More importantly, a formula for easy evaluation of the asymmetry is provided to assist in guiding the layup design considering PID constraints. The formula is applied on the design problem of double-double (DD) composites. With the proper asymmetry added onto the original DD layup, the DD composites show a clear improvement on controlling the PID.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100612"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-04-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100592
Justín Murín , Stephan Kugler , Juraj Paulech , Juraj Hrabovský , Vladimír Kutiš , Herbert Mang , Mehdi Aminbaghai
In this article an effective method for elastostatic analysis of tapered beams made of functionally-graded material (FGM) is presented. The spatially variable stiffness of the beam is the consequence of the continuous longitudinal variability of the cross-sectional dimension, accompanied by the variability of the material properties in three orthogonal directions. The longitudinally varying effective stiffnesses of the homogenized FGM beam for tension-compression, biaxial Timoshenko bending, and uniform torsion are determined, using the Reference Beam Method (RBM). For computation of primary quantities, such as internal forces and moments as well as displacements and angles of cross-sectional rotation, a novel tapered FGM finite beam element is developed. The evaluation of the normal and shear stresses in the cross-sections of the FGM beam requires relationships that consider the variability of the material properties and of the cross-sectional parameters. FGM beams of variable stiffness can be modeled efficiently, using only one finite element. The mathematical models are applied to the elastostatic analysis of cantilever beams with longitudinally variable, quadratic cross-sections, considering the aforementioned variability of the material properties. The proposed algorithm is verified by means of three-dimensional continuum mechanics and, alternatively, by very fine discretizations with solid finite elements. The accuracy of the presented method is excellent, and the computational effort is very small compared to other approaches.
{"title":"Elastostatic analysis of tapered FGM beams with spatially varying material properties","authors":"Justín Murín , Stephan Kugler , Juraj Paulech , Juraj Hrabovský , Vladimír Kutiš , Herbert Mang , Mehdi Aminbaghai","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article an effective method for elastostatic analysis of tapered beams made of functionally-graded material (FGM) is presented. The spatially variable stiffness of the beam is the consequence of the continuous longitudinal variability of the cross-sectional dimension, accompanied by the variability of the material properties in three orthogonal directions. The longitudinally varying effective stiffnesses of the homogenized FGM beam for tension-compression, biaxial Timoshenko bending, and uniform torsion are determined, using the Reference Beam Method (RBM). For computation of primary quantities, such as internal forces and moments as well as displacements and angles of cross-sectional rotation, a novel tapered FGM finite beam element is developed. The evaluation of the normal and shear stresses in the cross-sections of the FGM beam requires relationships that consider the variability of the material properties and of the cross-sectional parameters. FGM beams of variable stiffness can be modeled efficiently, using only one finite element. The mathematical models are applied to the elastostatic analysis of cantilever beams with longitudinally variable, quadratic cross-sections, considering the aforementioned variability of the material properties. The proposed algorithm is verified by means of three-dimensional continuum mechanics and, alternatively, by very fine discretizations with solid finite elements. The accuracy of the presented method is excellent, and the computational effort is very small compared to other approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100592"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100568
Tasdeeq Sofi , Javier A. García , María R. Gude , Peter Wierach
A novel, rapid, and efficient method for bonding Piezoceramic transducers (PCTs) to high-performance thermoplastic composites using thermoplastic adhesive films (TPAFs) and induction heating is presented. The current state-of-the-art techniques to bond PCTs to composites using epoxy adhesives can take hours. This innovative out-of-oven or autoclave procedure drastically reduces bonding time to mere minutes, thereby significantly enhancing the process efficiency. Five different TPAFs were used to bond PCTs to carbon fiber polyether-ether-ketone (CF-PEEK) coupons. After determining the process window and analyzing the effects of power, coupling distance, and time on temperature, it was found that power has the greatest influence. A 20% increase in power can result in 50.9% increase in temperature as compared to time. Controlled heating and cooling ramps were developed based on the power-temperature correlation, and their effects were analyzed through differential scanning calorimetry tests. In the controlled case, the melting enthalpy of semi-crystalline TPAF increased by 4.2%, while the glass transition temperature of amorphous TPAF increased by 2.4% compared to non-controlled case. Following successful PCT bonding, mechanical performance was evaluated through static flexural and fatigue tests. TPAFs exhibited critical strains of 0.33%-0.71%, with some exceeding the critical strains of co-bonded or epoxy-bonded PCTs in previous studies by 0.13%. Microscopic analyses revealed the dominant failure mode at the composite-adhesive interface. During fatigue testing, three out of five TPAFs performed successfully, with the highest change in electro-mechanical susceptance spectra observed in amorphous TPAF equivalent to 1.87%. Overall, an efficient methodology is proposed, particularly beneficial for applications in structural health monitoring.
{"title":"A novel and rapid method of integrating sensors for SHM to thermoplastic composites through induction heating","authors":"Tasdeeq Sofi , Javier A. García , María R. Gude , Peter Wierach","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel, rapid, and efficient method for bonding Piezoceramic transducers (PCTs) to high-performance thermoplastic composites using thermoplastic adhesive films (TPAFs) and induction heating is presented. The current state-of-the-art techniques to bond PCTs to composites using epoxy adhesives can take hours. This innovative out-of-oven or autoclave procedure drastically reduces bonding time to mere minutes, thereby significantly enhancing the process efficiency. Five different TPAFs were used to bond PCTs to carbon fiber polyether-ether-ketone (CF-PEEK) coupons. After determining the process window and analyzing the effects of power, coupling distance, and time on temperature, it was found that power has the greatest influence. A 20% increase in power can result in 50.9% increase in temperature as compared to time. Controlled heating and cooling ramps were developed based on the power-temperature correlation, and their effects were analyzed through differential scanning calorimetry tests. In the controlled case, the melting enthalpy of semi-crystalline TPAF increased by 4.2%, while the glass transition temperature of amorphous TPAF increased by 2.4% compared to non-controlled case. Following successful PCT bonding, mechanical performance was evaluated through static flexural and fatigue tests. TPAFs exhibited critical strains of 0.33%-0.71%, with some exceeding the critical strains of co-bonded or epoxy-bonded PCTs in previous studies by 0.13%. Microscopic analyses revealed the dominant failure mode at the composite-adhesive interface. During fatigue testing, three out of five TPAFs performed successfully, with the highest change in electro-mechanical susceptance spectra observed in amorphous TPAF equivalent to 1.87%. Overall, an efficient methodology is proposed, particularly beneficial for applications in structural health monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100568"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-01Epub Date: 2025-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100625
Hamidreza Dehghani , Henri Perrin , Elias Belouettar-Mathis , Borek Patzák , Salim Belouettar
A challenge associated with the multiscale modeling of highly consolidated composites is the existing contact effects arising from the manufacturing process. In such cases, porosity significantly decreases as we approach the consolidation surfaces, leading to substantial variations in material behavior in those areas. To address this, we propose an unsupervised machine learning approach integrated with micro-computed tomography (CT) image processing and Asymptotic Homogenization (AH) for accurate and robust consideration of real microstructure as the basis for an upscaling process. This process employs systems of partial differential equations (PDEs) known as cell problems. This work introduces the Aggregated Vertical Projection Clustering (APC) method, which applies K-means clustering to partition the data into k groups based on porosity. We also present a novel porosity-based periodic cell selection strategy, which uses the Halton sequence to select representative volume element (RVE) cells for each cluster. The workflow generates computational meshes of RVE cells for Finite Element (FE) analysis, solves the cell problems required for upscaling, and calculates the effective heat conductivity. Statistical descriptions and representativity analyses demonstrate that the proposed methodology efficiently and accurately computes the effective properties in these challenging cases.
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