Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100540
Mahshid Mahbod , Stefania F. Musolino , Amir Nazemi , Jeremy E. Wulff , Reza Vaziri , Abbas S. Milani
This study focuses on investigating the mechanical behavior of a set of new chemically-treated crosslinked Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) plain-weave fabrics with varying areal densities, and impregnated with a shear thickening fluid (STF). The evaluation of the materials performance included tensile, bias-extension (shear), puncture, and drop tower tests under low rates of loading. For comparison purposes, three different sample groups were considered: untreated fabrics, crosslinked fabrics, and crosslinked fabrics with STF. The STF impregnation was composed of fumed silica nanoparticles (NPs) suspended in a polyethylene glycol (PEG) medium. Both the individual and combined effects of the chemical crosslinking and STF impregnation on the UHMWPE fabrics were explored. Additionally, the impact of strain rate on the tensile and shear behavior of various material groups was examined. The findings revealed that the addition of the crosslinker and shear thickening fluid significantly improves the puncture resistance of the base UHMWPE fabric, by as high as 92 %. The energy absorption and specific energy absorption of the UHMWPE fabric also increased up to 55 % and 16 %, respectively, with the addition of both STF and crosslinker.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of UHMWPE composite fabrics treated with bis-diazirine crosslinker and silica/PEG shear thickening fluid","authors":"Mahshid Mahbod , Stefania F. Musolino , Amir Nazemi , Jeremy E. Wulff , Reza Vaziri , Abbas S. Milani","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on investigating the mechanical behavior of a set of new chemically-treated crosslinked Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) plain-weave fabrics with varying areal densities, and impregnated with a shear thickening fluid (STF). The evaluation of the materials performance included tensile, bias-extension (shear), puncture, and drop tower tests under low rates of loading. For comparison purposes, three different sample groups were considered: untreated fabrics, crosslinked fabrics, and crosslinked fabrics with STF. The STF impregnation was composed of fumed silica nanoparticles (NPs) suspended in a polyethylene glycol (PEG) medium. Both the individual and combined effects of the chemical crosslinking and STF impregnation on the UHMWPE fabrics were explored. Additionally, the impact of strain rate on the tensile and shear behavior of various material groups was examined. The findings revealed that the addition of the crosslinker and shear thickening fluid significantly improves the puncture resistance of the base UHMWPE fabric, by as high as 92 %. The energy absorption and specific energy absorption of the UHMWPE fabric also increased up to 55 % and 16 %, respectively, with the addition of both STF and crosslinker.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100540"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100523
Mohammad Meghdadian , Amir R. Masoodi , Mansour Ghalehnovi
This study focuses on the empirical examination of the nonlinear seismic performance of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)-strengthened composite coupled reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls. The experimental setup involves testing the structure in two distinct states, wherein CFRP sheets are utilized for retrofitting and reinforcement. In the initial phase, three samples undergo reinforcement utilizing distinct patterns of CFRP sheets. In the subsequent stage, an additional trio of specimens is fabricated and tested without the application of CFRP sheets. Subsequently, all structures are exposed to a load equivalent to 60 % of their flexural capacity. Following this, the tested specimens undergo retrofitting with CFRP sheets, utilizing the same patterns as in the initial phase. The retrofitted composite coupled shear walls are then subjected to retesting. The principal aim of CFRP retrofitting is to amplify the flexural and shear capacities of the specimens, empowering them to endure heightened seismic loads in comparison to their original configurations. This research contributes by evaluating ductility, ultimate strength, energy dissipation, and construction costs associated with composite coupled steel plate-concrete shear walls. All specimens underwent cyclic loading in accordance with the ATC-24 guidelines [1], which provide standard protocols for testing the cyclic performance of structural components. These guidelines, outline procedures for simulating seismic loading conditions in laboratory settings to evaluate the performance of structural systems under cyclic loading. Finally, a parametric study explores the impact of CFRP sheets and their adhesion patterns on the seismic behavior of composite coupled shear walls. The selection of the optimal retrofitting scheme considers the construction cost of each specimen based on the total area of CFRP sheets utilized.
{"title":"Experimental study to unraveling the seismic behavior of CFRP retrofitting composite coupled shear walls for enhanced resilience","authors":"Mohammad Meghdadian , Amir R. Masoodi , Mansour Ghalehnovi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the empirical examination of the nonlinear seismic performance of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP)-strengthened composite coupled reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls. The experimental setup involves testing the structure in two distinct states, wherein CFRP sheets are utilized for retrofitting and reinforcement. In the initial phase, three samples undergo reinforcement utilizing distinct patterns of CFRP sheets. In the subsequent stage, an additional trio of specimens is fabricated and tested without the application of CFRP sheets. Subsequently, all structures are exposed to a load equivalent to 60 % of their flexural capacity. Following this, the tested specimens undergo retrofitting with CFRP sheets, utilizing the same patterns as in the initial phase. The retrofitted composite coupled shear walls are then subjected to retesting. The principal aim of CFRP retrofitting is to amplify the flexural and shear capacities of the specimens, empowering them to endure heightened seismic loads in comparison to their original configurations. This research contributes by evaluating ductility, ultimate strength, energy dissipation, and construction costs associated with composite coupled steel plate-concrete shear walls. All specimens underwent cyclic loading in accordance with the ATC-24 guidelines [1], which provide standard protocols for testing the cyclic performance of structural components. These guidelines, outline procedures for simulating seismic loading conditions in laboratory settings to evaluate the performance of structural systems under cyclic loading. Finally, a parametric study explores the impact of CFRP sheets and their adhesion patterns on the seismic behavior of composite coupled shear walls. The selection of the optimal retrofitting scheme considers the construction cost of each specimen based on the total area of CFRP sheets utilized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100523"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100537
Imen Feki , Mohammadali Shirinbayan , Samia Nouira , Robert Tie Bi , Jean-Baptiste Maeso , Cedric Thomas , Joseph Fitoussi
This article presents the findings of a multi-scale experimental study on carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites (CFRP) used in lightweight hydrogen storage pressure vessels produced via filament winding. The research employs a combination of tension-tension load-controlled fatigue tests and high-resolution physical-chemical characterization and porosity quantification to assess the impact of porosity on mechanical performance. The findings demonstrate that porosity has a detrimental impact on mechanical properties, acting as nucleation sites for damage mechanisms such as crack initiation, fiber-matrix separation and fiber breakage. At the mesoscopic level, microdefects coalesce into transverse cracks and delamination, resulting in complex failure modes under cyclic loading. The results of the tensile tests demonstrated that the orientation of the fibers has a significant impact on the mechanical behavior of the material. The ±15° configuration demonstrated superior tensile strength and modulus, while the ±30° and multilayer configurations exhibited higher ductility. The results of the fatigue testing confirmed that fiber orientation has a significant impact on fatigue life, with the ±15° configuration proving to be the most resistant. Microscopic analysis indicated that pores act as damage initiation points, accelerating failure through matrix cracking, fiber-matrix debonding, and delamination. This study highlights the need for improved porosity control during manufacturing to enhance the durability of hydrogen storage systems. Additionally, it provides valuable insights for optimizing fiber orientation to improve fatigue performance in practical applications.
{"title":"Multi-scale fatigue damage analysis in filament-wound carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites for hydrogen storage tanks","authors":"Imen Feki , Mohammadali Shirinbayan , Samia Nouira , Robert Tie Bi , Jean-Baptiste Maeso , Cedric Thomas , Joseph Fitoussi","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents the findings of a multi-scale experimental study on carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy composites (CFRP) used in lightweight hydrogen storage pressure vessels produced via filament winding. The research employs a combination of tension-tension load-controlled fatigue tests and high-resolution physical-chemical characterization and porosity quantification to assess the impact of porosity on mechanical performance. The findings demonstrate that porosity has a detrimental impact on mechanical properties, acting as nucleation sites for damage mechanisms such as crack initiation, fiber-matrix separation and fiber breakage. At the mesoscopic level, microdefects coalesce into transverse cracks and delamination, resulting in complex failure modes under cyclic loading. The results of the tensile tests demonstrated that the orientation of the fibers has a significant impact on the mechanical behavior of the material. The ±15° configuration demonstrated superior tensile strength and modulus, while the ±30° and multilayer configurations exhibited higher ductility. The results of the fatigue testing confirmed that fiber orientation has a significant impact on fatigue life, with the ±15° configuration proving to be the most resistant. Microscopic analysis indicated that pores act as damage initiation points, accelerating failure through matrix cracking, fiber-matrix debonding, and delamination. This study highlights the need for improved porosity control during manufacturing to enhance the durability of hydrogen storage systems. Additionally, it provides valuable insights for optimizing fiber orientation to improve fatigue performance in practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100537"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100536
Yuichiro Yuge, Ryosuke Matsuzaki
The mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) molded parts produced by thermal fusion lamination 3D printing vary with printing conditions. This study assesses the influence of the 3D printing parameters on the mechanical properties of resulting CFRTP products through parameter evaluation testing. An in-situ three-point bending test mechanism was developed to enhance the efficiency of these tests, allowing the same 3D printer to handle all processes from printing multiple CFRTP specimens simultaneously to conducting a bending test, reducing manual handling time to about one minute. Using this modified 3D printer, 700 specimens with varying printing conditions were produced, and their flexural strength was measured semi-automatically. Results revealed that the flexural strength of the 3D-printed CFRTP object varied with nozzle temperature, printing pitch, and stacking pitch, but not with printing speed. Machine learning was then employed to predict the maximum flexural strength and determine optimal printing parameters using the collected data as training data.
通过热熔层压 3D 打印技术生产的碳纤维增强热塑性塑料（CFRTP）模塑件的机械性能随打印条件的不同而变化。本研究通过参数评估测试评估了三维打印参数对所生产的 CFRTP 产品机械性能的影响。为了提高这些测试的效率，我们开发了一种原位三点弯曲测试机制，使同一台 3D 打印机能够处理从同时打印多个 CFRTP 试样到进行弯曲测试的所有过程，将人工处理时间减少到约一分钟。使用这种改进的三维打印机，制作了 700 个不同打印条件的试样，并对其抗弯强度进行了半自动测量。结果显示，三维打印 CFRTP 物体的抗弯强度随喷嘴温度、打印间距和堆叠间距的变化而变化，但与打印速度无关。随后，利用机器学习预测了最大弯曲强度，并以收集到的数据作为训练数据确定了最佳打印参数。
{"title":"High-throughput in-situ mechanical evaluation and parameter optimization for 3D printing of continuous carbon fiber composites","authors":"Yuichiro Yuge, Ryosuke Matsuzaki","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic (CFRTP) molded parts produced by thermal fusion lamination 3D printing vary with printing conditions. This study assesses the influence of the 3D printing parameters on the mechanical properties of resulting CFRTP products through parameter evaluation testing. An in-situ three-point bending test mechanism was developed to enhance the efficiency of these tests, allowing the same 3D printer to handle all processes from printing multiple CFRTP specimens simultaneously to conducting a bending test, reducing manual handling time to about one minute. Using this modified 3D printer, 700 specimens with varying printing conditions were produced, and their flexural strength was measured semi-automatically. Results revealed that the flexural strength of the 3D-printed CFRTP object varied with nozzle temperature, printing pitch, and stacking pitch, but not with printing speed. Machine learning was then employed to predict the maximum flexural strength and determine optimal printing parameters using the collected data as training data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100536"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100529
Mohsin Ali , Li Chen , Qadir Bux Alias Imran Latif Qureshi , Deema Mohammed Alsekait , Adil Khan , Kiran Arif , Muhammad Luqman , Diaa Salama Abd Elminaam , Amir Hamza , Majid Khan
Steel-fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) has replaced traditional concrete in the construction sector, improving fracture resistance and post-cracking performance. However, extreme temperatures degrade concrete's material characteristics including stiffness and strength. The construction industry increasingly embraces machine learning (ML) to estimate concrete properties and optimize cost and time accurately. This study employs independent ML methods, gene expression programming (GEP), multi-expression programming (MEP), XGBoost, and Bayesian estimation model (BES) to predict SFRC compressive strength (CS) at high temperatures. 307 experimental data points from published studies were utilized to develop the models. The models were trained using 70 % of the dataset, with 15 % for validation and 15 % for testing. Iterative hyperparameter adjustment and trial-and-error refining achieved optimum predictions. All the models were evaluated using correlation (R) values for training, validation, and testing datasets. MEP showed slightly lower R-values of 0.923, 0.904, and 0.949 than GEP, which performed consistently with 0.963, 0.967, and 0.961. XGBoost had the greatest training R-value of 0.997 but dropped in validation (0.918) and testing (0.896). BES model exhibited commendable performance with scores of 0.986, 0.944, and 0.897. GEP and XGBoost exhibited great accuracy, with GEP sustaining constant accuracy across all datasets, highlighting its potency in predicting CS. Interpreting model predictions using SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) highlighted temperature over heating rate. CS improved significantly as the steel fiber volume fraction (Vf) reached 1.5 %, plateauing thereafter. The proposed models are valid and accurate, providing designers and builders with a practical and adaptable method for estimating strength in SFRC structural applications, particularly under high-temperature conditions.
{"title":"Genetic programming-based algorithms application in modeling the compressive strength of steel fiber-reinforced concrete exposed to elevated temperatures","authors":"Mohsin Ali , Li Chen , Qadir Bux Alias Imran Latif Qureshi , Deema Mohammed Alsekait , Adil Khan , Kiran Arif , Muhammad Luqman , Diaa Salama Abd Elminaam , Amir Hamza , Majid Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Steel-fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) has replaced traditional concrete in the construction sector, improving fracture resistance and post-cracking performance. However, extreme temperatures degrade concrete's material characteristics including stiffness and strength. The construction industry increasingly embraces machine learning (ML) to estimate concrete properties and optimize cost and time accurately. This study employs independent ML methods, gene expression programming (GEP), multi-expression programming (MEP), XGBoost, and Bayesian estimation model (BES) to predict SFRC compressive strength (CS) at high temperatures. 307 experimental data points from published studies were utilized to develop the models. The models were trained using 70 % of the dataset, with 15 % for validation and 15 % for testing. Iterative hyperparameter adjustment and trial-and-error refining achieved optimum predictions. All the models were evaluated using correlation (R) values for training, validation, and testing datasets. MEP showed slightly lower R-values of 0.923, 0.904, and 0.949 than GEP, which performed consistently with 0.963, 0.967, and 0.961. XGBoost had the greatest training R-value of 0.997 but dropped in validation (0.918) and testing (0.896). BES model exhibited commendable performance with scores of 0.986, 0.944, and 0.897. GEP and XGBoost exhibited great accuracy, with GEP sustaining constant accuracy across all datasets, highlighting its potency in predicting CS. Interpreting model predictions using SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) highlighted temperature over heating rate. CS improved significantly as the steel fiber volume fraction (Vf) reached 1.5 %, plateauing thereafter. The proposed models are valid and accurate, providing designers and builders with a practical and adaptable method for estimating strength in SFRC structural applications, particularly under high-temperature conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100529"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100528
Farhana Islam, Ehsanur Rahman, Tanjina Tarannum, Nafisa Islam
Ideal wound dressings should show enhanced moisture management at the wound site, antibacterial and physical barrier, and mechanical robustness. Additionally, it should be easy to apply to the wound and be biocompatible and non-toxic. In this study, a linker-free freeze-thaw procedure was used to create an array of chitosan/PVA hydrogels blended with commercially available marine collagen peptides. Marine collagen peptides (CP) are easily available as by-products of the marine food industry and are an inexpensive and novel source of biomaterial in this field. The different weight ratios of chitosan, PVA, and CP influenced the hydrogel properties such as swelling, gel content, evaporation, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, SEM and ATR-FTIR were used to characterize the hydrogels generated under ideal conditions. After 24 h, the optimum hydrogel (chitosan:PVA:CP ratio of 1:5:1) showed a water absorption capacity of up to 900 %, a gel content of 80 %, and a 40 % evaporation rate. The physical interactions between marine collagen peptide and gel-forming components were validated by ATR-FTIR spectra, and the hydrogel kept a sufficient porous structure for potential wound dressing application. To test the mechanical integrity of the hydrogels, compression testing was carried out showing a compressive modulus of up to ∼40 kPa. The addition of marine collagen peptide in the chitosan/PVA hydrogel increased its wettability, antimicrobial capabilities, and hemostatic properties. Furthermore, the hydrogel preparation procedure is simple and does not use toxic chemicals, serving as a model for developing safe and effective hydrogel wound dressing.
{"title":"Assessment of chitosan-PVA hydrogels infused with marine collagen peptides for potential wound healing applications","authors":"Farhana Islam, Ehsanur Rahman, Tanjina Tarannum, Nafisa Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ideal wound dressings should show enhanced moisture management at the wound site, antibacterial and physical barrier, and mechanical robustness. Additionally, it should be easy to apply to the wound and be biocompatible and non-toxic. In this study, a linker-free freeze-thaw procedure was used to create an array of chitosan/PVA hydrogels blended with commercially available marine collagen peptides. Marine collagen peptides (CP) are easily available as by-products of the marine food industry and are an inexpensive and novel source of biomaterial in this field. The different weight ratios of chitosan, PVA, and CP influenced the hydrogel properties such as swelling, gel content, evaporation, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, SEM and ATR-FTIR were used to characterize the hydrogels generated under ideal conditions. After 24 h, the optimum hydrogel (chitosan:PVA:CP ratio of 1:5:1) showed a water absorption capacity of up to 900 %, a gel content of 80 %, and a 40 % evaporation rate. The physical interactions between marine collagen peptide and gel-forming components were validated by ATR-FTIR spectra, and the hydrogel kept a sufficient porous structure for potential wound dressing application. To test the mechanical integrity of the hydrogels, compression testing was carried out showing a compressive modulus of up to ∼40 kPa. The addition of marine collagen peptide in the chitosan/PVA hydrogel increased its wettability, antimicrobial capabilities, and hemostatic properties. Furthermore, the hydrogel preparation procedure is simple and does not use toxic chemicals, serving as a model for developing safe and effective hydrogel wound dressing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100528"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100513
Malik Hassan , Manjusri Misra , Graham W. Taylor , Amar K. Mohanty
In recent years, 3D printing has experienced significant growth in the manufacturing sector due to its ability to produce intricate and customized components. The advent of Industry 4.0 further boosted this progress by seamlessly incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) in 3D printing processes. As a result, design precision and production efficiency have significantly improved. Although numerous studies have explored the integration of AI and 3D printing, the literature still lacks a comprehensive overview that emphasizes material selection and formulation, predictive modeling, design optimization, and quality control. To fully understand the impacts of these emerging technologies on advanced manufacturing, a thorough assessment is required. This review aims to examine the intersection of AI and 3D printing to create a technologically advanced and environment-friendly manufacturing environment. It examines factors such as material, process efficiency, and design enhancements to highlight the benefits of combining these technologies. By focusing on predictive modeling, material selection and quality control, this analysis aims to unlock the potential for a sustainable and efficient 3D printing process. This review provided a thorough analysis of the challenges and potential benefits, proving valuable for academics and practitioners alike. It presents solutions that may establish a foundation for sustained growth and outlines a strategy for leveraging 3D printing and AI capabilities in the manufacturing sector.
近年来，3D 打印技术凭借其生产复杂和定制化组件的能力，在制造业中取得了长足的发展。工业 4.0 的出现将人工智能（AI）无缝融入 3D 打印流程，进一步推动了这一进步。因此，设计精度和生产效率显著提高。虽然已有大量研究探讨了人工智能与三维打印的融合，但文献中仍缺乏对材料选择和配方、预测建模、设计优化和质量控制等方面的全面概述。要充分了解这些新兴技术对先进制造业的影响，需要进行全面评估。本综述旨在研究人工智能与 3D 打印的交叉点，以创建技术先进、环境友好的制造环境。它研究了材料、流程效率和设计改进等因素，以突出这些技术相结合的优势。通过重点关注预测建模、材料选择和质量控制，本分析旨在发掘可持续高效 3D 打印工艺的潜力。本综述对挑战和潜在益处进行了透彻分析，对学术界和从业人员都很有价值。它提出了可为持续增长奠定基础的解决方案，并概述了在制造业中利用 3D 打印和人工智能能力的战略。
{"title":"A review of AI for optimization of 3D printing of sustainable polymers and composites","authors":"Malik Hassan , Manjusri Misra , Graham W. Taylor , Amar K. Mohanty","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, 3D printing has experienced significant growth in the manufacturing sector due to its ability to produce intricate and customized components. The advent of Industry 4.0 further boosted this progress by seamlessly incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) in 3D printing processes. As a result, design precision and production efficiency have significantly improved. Although numerous studies have explored the integration of AI and 3D printing, the literature still lacks a comprehensive overview that emphasizes material selection and formulation, predictive modeling, design optimization, and quality control. To fully understand the impacts of these emerging technologies on advanced manufacturing, a thorough assessment is required. This review aims to examine the intersection of AI and 3D printing to create a technologically advanced and environment-friendly manufacturing environment. It examines factors such as material, process efficiency, and design enhancements to highlight the benefits of combining these technologies. By focusing on predictive modeling, material selection and quality control, this analysis aims to unlock the potential for a sustainable and efficient 3D printing process. This review provided a thorough analysis of the challenges and potential benefits, proving valuable for academics and practitioners alike. It presents solutions that may establish a foundation for sustained growth and outlines a strategy for leveraging 3D printing and AI capabilities in the manufacturing sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100513"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100521
Ayush Varshney , Daniel Paul , Puneet Mahajan , Leon Mishnaevsky Jr.
During scarf repair of wind turbine blades, the difference in coefficients of thermal expansion and chemical shrinkage between the original part and the repair patch leads to the development of residual stresses. These residual stresses are detrimental when the repaired composite structures are subjected to operational cyclic loads and affect their post-repair lifetime. This paper uses a hybrid analytical-numerical model to evaluate the residual stresses in a scarf-repaired composite panel. A Prony series-based viscoelastic model is used to describe the material behaviour of the composite undergoing cure to replicate real-life effects more closely. Experiments on the repaired composite samples and numerical simulations on a model of the same are performed to study the post-repair mechanical behaviour. It is found that the damage initiates at the adhesive interface between the scarf patch and the base composite. The resulting debonding and damage to the base composite leads to the failure of the repaired section.
{"title":"Cure-induced residual stresses and viscoelastic effects in repaired wind turbine blades: Analytical-numerical investigation","authors":"Ayush Varshney , Daniel Paul , Puneet Mahajan , Leon Mishnaevsky Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During scarf repair of wind turbine blades, the difference in coefficients of thermal expansion and chemical shrinkage between the original part and the repair patch leads to the development of residual stresses. These residual stresses are detrimental when the repaired composite structures are subjected to operational cyclic loads and affect their post-repair lifetime. This paper uses a hybrid analytical-numerical model to evaluate the residual stresses in a scarf-repaired composite panel. A Prony series-based viscoelastic model is used to describe the material behaviour of the composite undergoing cure to replicate real-life effects more closely. Experiments on the repaired composite samples and numerical simulations on a model of the same are performed to study the post-repair mechanical behaviour. It is found that the damage initiates at the adhesive interface between the scarf patch and the base composite. The resulting debonding and damage to the base composite leads to the failure of the repaired section.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100521"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100520
Jing Xu , Michael R. Mucalo , Kim L. Pickering
This study explores the potential of mussel shells (MS) as biogenic fillers in polymer composites. The chemical composition and crystal structures of MS were characterised. To improve MS filler dispersion and adhesion within a polypropylene (PP) matrix, three surface modification methods were evaluated: polydopamine (PDA) coating, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) modification, and PDA/MAPP co-modification. The PDA coating, inspired by the adhesive properties of mussel foot proteins, successfully functionalized the MS surface, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Thermodynamic analysis, based on contact angle measurements, revealed that MAPP and PDA/MAPP modifications reduced surface energies and potential energy differences. These changes enhanced filler dispersion and interfacial bonding by increasing hydrophobicity and reducing agglomeration in the PP matrix. Consequently, PP composites with 20% PDA/MAPP-modified MS fillers exhibited a 2.9% increase in tensile strength and a 7.5% increase in flexural strength compared to neat PP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also showed reduced filler-matrix debonding and fewer voids. The proposed mechanism attributes these macroscopic property enhancements to the ability of the PDA coating to facilitate chemical and hydrogen bonding between MS fillers and MAPP.
本研究探讨了贻贝壳（MS）作为聚合物复合材料中生物填料的潜力。对贻贝的化学成分和晶体结构进行了表征。为了改善 MS 填料在聚丙烯（PP）基体中的分散性和粘附性，对三种表面改性方法进行了评估：聚多巴胺（PDA）涂层、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（MAPP）改性和 PDA/MAPP 共改性。PDA 涂层受贻贝足蛋白粘附特性的启发，成功地对 MS 表面进行了功能化，X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）证实了这一点。基于接触角测量的热力学分析表明，MAPP 和 PDA/MAPP 改性降低了表面能量和势能差。这些变化通过增加疏水性和减少聚丙烯基体中的团聚，提高了填料的分散性和界面结合力。因此，与纯 PP 相比，含有 20% PDA/MAPP 改性 MS 填料的 PP 复合材料的拉伸强度提高了 2.9%，弯曲强度提高了 7.5%。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）还显示，填料与基体之间的脱粘现象有所减少，空隙也更少。所提出的机理将这些宏观性能的提高归因于 PDA 涂层能够促进 MS 填料和 MAPP 之间的化学键和氢键。
{"title":"Bioinspired surface modification of mussel shells and their application as a biogenic filler in polypropylene composites","authors":"Jing Xu , Michael R. Mucalo , Kim L. Pickering","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the potential of mussel shells (MS) as biogenic fillers in polymer composites. The chemical composition and crystal structures of MS were characterised. To improve MS filler dispersion and adhesion within a polypropylene (PP) matrix, three surface modification methods were evaluated: polydopamine (PDA) coating, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) modification, and PDA/MAPP co-modification. The PDA coating, inspired by the adhesive properties of mussel foot proteins, successfully functionalized the MS surface, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Thermodynamic analysis, based on contact angle measurements, revealed that MAPP and PDA/MAPP modifications reduced surface energies and potential energy differences. These changes enhanced filler dispersion and interfacial bonding by increasing hydrophobicity and reducing agglomeration in the PP matrix. Consequently, PP composites with 20% PDA/MAPP-modified MS fillers exhibited a 2.9% increase in tensile strength and a 7.5% increase in flexural strength compared to neat PP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also showed reduced filler-matrix debonding and fewer voids. The proposed mechanism attributes these macroscopic property enhancements to the ability of the PDA coating to facilitate chemical and hydrogen bonding between MS fillers and MAPP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100520"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100526
Ozan Can Zehni , Oğuzcan İnal , Kali Babu Katnam , Mark A. Bissett , Ian A. Kinloch
Bonded repair patches/joints often introduce vulnerabilities in composite laminates, making them prime candidates for structural health monitoring (SHM). In this study, stepped-scarf bonded joints were manufactured using glass fibre-reinforced epoxy laminates as representative repair patches, and a novel SHM approach through the electrical resistance change method was applied. To establish an electrically conductive path within the stepped-scarf joint, non-woven carbon fibre veils with areal weights of 10 g/m² and 20 g/m² were interlaid along the stepped bondline. Two types of tensile tests were performed. In the first set of tests, the stepped-scarf joints underwent monotonic quasi-static tensile loading until the bondline was completely fractured (catastrophic failure) and the change in electrical resistance was continuously monitored. The failure stress of the joint with a 10 g/ m² carbon veil was only marginally decreased (∼2 %) in comparison with that of the joints without a carbon veil, while the failure stress of the joint with a 20 g/m² carbon non-woven veil was considerably decreased (by ∼9 %). However, the joints with 10 g/m² and 20 g/m² carbon veils exhibited a significant change in electrical resistance (∼200 % and ∼1000 %, up to full failure, respectively). Simultaneously, the change in electrical resistance was used for the detection of damage initiation and progression, supported by digital images taken during the tests. In the second set of tests, the joints were subjected to a cyclic tensile loading/unloading regime and the change in electrical resistance was monitored. A significant amount of permanent change in resistance during the unloading phases (up to 120 % in the bondline with a 20 g/m² veil) was observed, providing insights into the laminate and bondline damage evolution. In addition, thermal images obtained with the joule heating method in the cyclic tensile tests were used to confirm the damage detected with the electrical resistance change method. Moreover, the micrographs from the fracture surfaces indicated that the variations in electrical resistance change are largely caused by damage occurring within or near the carbon veils. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the presented SHM approach, which incorporates carbon non-woven fibre veils within non-conductive laminate composites, holds promise for monitoring damage initiation and propagation in repaired composite laminates as well as adhesively bonded composite laminate joints, without adversely influencing the structural integrity of the bondline.
{"title":"Structural health monitoring of scarf bonded repaired glass/epoxy laminates interleaved with carbon non-woven veil","authors":"Ozan Can Zehni , Oğuzcan İnal , Kali Babu Katnam , Mark A. Bissett , Ian A. Kinloch","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2024.100526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bonded repair patches/joints often introduce vulnerabilities in composite laminates, making them prime candidates for structural health monitoring (SHM). In this study, stepped-scarf bonded joints were manufactured using glass fibre-reinforced epoxy laminates as representative repair patches, and a novel SHM approach through the electrical resistance change method was applied. To establish an electrically conductive path within the stepped-scarf joint, non-woven carbon fibre veils with areal weights of 10 g/m² and 20 g/m² were interlaid along the stepped bondline. Two types of tensile tests were performed. In the first set of tests, the stepped-scarf joints underwent monotonic quasi-static tensile loading until the bondline was completely fractured (catastrophic failure) and the change in electrical resistance was continuously monitored. The failure stress of the joint with a 10 g/ m² carbon veil was only marginally decreased (∼2 %) in comparison with that of the joints without a carbon veil, while the failure stress of the joint with a 20 g/m² carbon non-woven veil was considerably decreased (by ∼9 %). However, the joints with 10 g/m² and 20 g/m² carbon veils exhibited a significant change in electrical resistance (∼200 % and ∼1000 %, up to full failure, respectively). Simultaneously, the change in electrical resistance was used for the detection of damage initiation and progression, supported by digital images taken during the tests. In the second set of tests, the joints were subjected to a cyclic tensile loading/unloading regime and the change in electrical resistance was monitored. A significant amount of permanent change in resistance during the unloading phases (up to 120 % in the bondline with a 20 g/m² veil) was observed, providing insights into the laminate and bondline damage evolution. In addition, thermal images obtained with the joule heating method in the cyclic tensile tests were used to confirm the damage detected with the electrical resistance change method. Moreover, the micrographs from the fracture surfaces indicated that the variations in electrical resistance change are largely caused by damage occurring within or near the carbon veils. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the presented SHM approach, which incorporates carbon non-woven fibre veils within non-conductive laminate composites, holds promise for monitoring damage initiation and propagation in repaired composite laminates as well as adhesively bonded composite laminate joints, without adversely influencing the structural integrity of the bondline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100526"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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