Composites Part C Open Access最新文献_第4页

Feather keratin hydrolysates as sustainable binders for high-density fiberboards 羽毛角蛋白水解物作为高密度纤维板的可持续粘合剂

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100668

Nidal Del Valle Raydan , Anita Wronka , Grzegorz Kowaluk , Eduardo Robles

This study evaluates the potential of feather keratin hydrolysates, obtained through ultrasound-assisted alkaline hydrolysis at low and high temperatures, as sustainable binders for high-density fiberboards (HDFs). The performance of keratin-based adhesives was compared with that of current binders, namely urea-formaldehyde (UF) and soy protein isolate (SPI). Adhesives were applied at a content of 12%. Additionally, a second formulation using 15% keratin hydrolysate extracted at high temperature (KHT 15) was tested to assess the influence of binder loading. The mechanical and physical properties of the HDF panels—including modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond strength, screw withdrawal resistance, thickness swelling, water absorption, and surface wettability—were systematically evaluated. Both keratin formulations outperformed SPI and matched or surpassed UF in key performance indicators. Among them, keratin extracted at high temperature exhibited superior mechanical strength and moisture resistance, which may be related to the formation of stronger disulfide bonds. In particular, KHT 15 increased internal bond strength by 74% compared to UF and 96% compared to SPI, and reduced 24 h water absorption by 36% and 58% respectively. Keratin-based panels also retained higher water contact angles after 60 s, demonstrating improved surface hydrophobicity. Although keratin extracted at high temperature at 12% fulfilled the EN 622-5 standard for dry-use panels, increasing the content to 15% enabled compliance with the requirements for humid conditions, with TS below 30%. These results position keratin hydrolysates, particularly at high temperature, as viable, bio-based alternatives to synthetic and food-derived adhesives in engineered wood composites aligned with circular bioeconomy principles.

本研究评估了在低温和高温下通过超声波辅助碱性水解获得的羽毛角蛋白水解物作为高密度纤维板（HDFs）可持续粘合剂的潜力。并与目前常用的脲醛（UF）和大豆分离蛋白（SPI）粘结剂的性能进行了比较。胶粘剂用量为12%。此外，第二种配方使用高温提取的15%角蛋白水解物（kht15）进行测试，以评估粘合剂负载的影响。系统地评估了HDF板的机械和物理性能，包括断裂模量、弹性模量、内部粘结强度、螺杆抗拔性、厚度膨胀、吸水性和表面润湿性。两种角蛋白配方都优于SPI，并在关键性能指标上匹配或超过UF。其中，高温提取的角蛋白表现出优异的机械强度和抗湿性，这可能与形成更强的二硫键有关。特别是，kht15的内部结合强度比UF提高了74%，比SPI提高了96%，24 h吸水率分别降低了36%和58%。角蛋白基板在60秒后仍保持较高的水接触角，表明表面疏水性得到改善。虽然在高温下提取12%的角蛋白符合EN 622-5干用面板的标准，但将含量增加到15%可以符合潮湿条件的要求，TS低于30%。这些结果表明，角蛋白水解物，特别是在高温下，是符合循环生物经济原则的工程木复合材料中合成和食品衍生粘合剂的可行生物基替代品。

{"title":"Feather keratin hydrolysates as sustainable binders for high-density fiberboards","authors":"Nidal Del Valle Raydan , Anita Wronka , Grzegorz Kowaluk , Eduardo Robles","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the potential of feather keratin hydrolysates, obtained through ultrasound-assisted alkaline hydrolysis at low and high temperatures, as sustainable binders for high-density fiberboards (HDFs). The performance of keratin-based adhesives was compared with that of current binders, namely urea-formaldehyde (UF) and soy protein isolate (SPI). Adhesives were applied at a content of 12%. Additionally, a second formulation using 15% keratin hydrolysate extracted at high temperature (KHT 15) was tested to assess the influence of binder loading. The mechanical and physical properties of the HDF panels—including modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond strength, screw withdrawal resistance, thickness swelling, water absorption, and surface wettability—were systematically evaluated. Both keratin formulations outperformed SPI and matched or surpassed UF in key performance indicators. Among them, keratin extracted at high temperature exhibited superior mechanical strength and moisture resistance, which may be related to the formation of stronger disulfide bonds. In particular, KHT 15 increased internal bond strength by 74% compared to UF and 96% compared to SPI, and reduced 24 h water absorption by 36% and 58% respectively. Keratin-based panels also retained higher water contact angles after 60 s, demonstrating improved surface hydrophobicity. Although keratin extracted at high temperature at 12% fulfilled the EN 622-5 standard for dry-use panels, increasing the content to 15% enabled compliance with the requirements for humid conditions, with TS below 30%. These results position keratin hydrolysates, particularly at high temperature, as viable, bio-based alternatives to synthetic and food-derived adhesives in engineered wood composites aligned with circular bioeconomy principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100668"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stacking sequence effects on compressive failure using pin-ended buckling test 用销端屈曲试验研究堆积顺序对压缩破坏的影响

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100675

Tobias Bianchi , Patricia Sucarrat-Riberaygua , Joël Serra , Christophe Bouvet , Léon Ratsifandrihana

A pin-ended buckling test, inspired by the work of Wisnom (M. Wisnom, 1992), was developed to assess the influence of strain gradients on the compressive failure strain of composite laminates. Experiments were carried out on laminates manufactured with unidirectional (UD) carbon/epoxy AS4/8552 prepegs, with full-field strain measurements obtained via digital image correlation. The influence of stacking sequence on compressive failure—specifically the effects of 0° ply thickness and the adjacent ply interface—was investigated by testing a range of cross-ply and quasi-isotropic specimens. To prevent premature tensile failure, a 2024 aluminium ply was bonded to the tensile side of the 8-ply and 16-ply specimens, following the approach described in (Bianchi et al. 2025). Comparisons between the different stacking sequences were carried out by analysing the evolution of the maximum compressive strain as a function of the strain gradient. Additionally, a comparative analysis was performed between scaled specimens—32-ply, 16-ply, and 8-ply—in both cross-ply and quasi-isotropic configurations. The experimental results confirmed the nonlinear character of the strain-gradient effect on compressive failure. Furthermore, they indicated that neither the 0° ply thickness nor the adjacent ply interface exert a significant influence on the material investigated. These observations differ from earlier models that predicted such effects.

受Wisnom （M. Wisnom, 1992）工作的启发，开发了一种销端屈曲试验，以评估应变梯度对复合材料层合板压缩破坏应变的影响。以单向（UD）碳/环氧树脂AS4/8552预垫层为实验材料，通过数字图像相关获得了全场应变测量结果。通过测试一系列交叉铺层和准各向同性试件，研究了铺层顺序对压缩破坏的影响，特别是0°铺层厚度和相邻铺层界面的影响。为了防止过早的拉伸失效，按照（Bianchi et al. 2025）中描述的方法，将2024铝合金层粘合到8层和16层试样的拉伸侧。通过分析最大压缩应变随应变梯度的变化规律，对不同叠加顺序进行了比较。此外，在交叉铺层和准各向同性配置下，对32层、16层和8层的缩放样品进行了比较分析。试验结果证实了应变梯度对压缩破坏的非线性影响。此外，他们还指出，0°层厚度和相邻层界面对所研究的材料都没有显著影响。这些观察结果与早期预测此类效应的模型不同。

{"title":"Stacking sequence effects on compressive failure using pin-ended buckling test","authors":"Tobias Bianchi , Patricia Sucarrat-Riberaygua , Joël Serra , Christophe Bouvet , Léon Ratsifandrihana","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A pin-ended buckling test, inspired by the work of Wisnom (M. Wisnom, 1992), was developed to assess the influence of strain gradients on the compressive failure strain of composite laminates. Experiments were carried out on laminates manufactured with unidirectional (UD) carbon/epoxy AS4/8552 prepegs, with full-field strain measurements obtained via digital image correlation. The influence of stacking sequence on compressive failure—specifically the effects of 0° ply thickness and the adjacent ply interface—was investigated by testing a range of cross-ply and quasi-isotropic specimens. To prevent premature tensile failure, a 2024 aluminium ply was bonded to the tensile side of the 8-ply and 16-ply specimens, following the approach described in (Bianchi et al. 2025). Comparisons between the different stacking sequences were carried out by analysing the evolution of the maximum compressive strain as a function of the strain gradient. Additionally, a comparative analysis was performed between scaled specimens—32-ply, 16-ply, and 8-ply—in both cross-ply and quasi-isotropic configurations. The experimental results confirmed the nonlinear character of the strain-gradient effect on compressive failure. Furthermore, they indicated that neither the 0° ply thickness nor the adjacent ply interface exert a significant influence on the material investigated. These observations differ from earlier models that predicted such effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100675"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unified experimental and finite element analysis of the mechanical performance of 3D-printed honeycomb and auxetic sandwich cores 3d打印蜂窝及辅助夹层芯的力学性能统一实验与有限元分析

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100656

Hamed Adibi, Ali Akbari Lalaei, Amirali Nakhaei

A critical challenge in the design of lightweight composite structures is the quantitative selection of core architectures for specific loading conditions. This study presents an integrated experimental–numerical investigation into the performance of 3D-printed sandwich composite cores, focusing on honeycomb and auxetic architectures fabricated via fused deposition modeling (FDM) using PLA+. Mechanical performance was characterized under compression, three-point bending, and Charpy impact, following relevant ASTM standards. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in Abaqus was validated through mesh convergence and energy balance checks, ensuring robust simulation fidelity. Statistical analysis using a two-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect between core geometry and load type (F(2,12) = 15.14, p < 0.001), indicating that auxetic cores exhibit ∼51 % higher specific energy absorption (SEA) than honeycomb cores in compression, while honeycomb cores provide superior flexural stiffness, and performance differences narrow under impact. The proposed methodology, while demonstrated with PLA+, is applicable to other core materials, enabling data-driven selection of composite core designs for application-specific requirements.

轻量化复合材料结构设计的一个关键挑战是针对特定载荷条件定量选择核心结构。本研究对3d打印夹层复合材料芯的性能进行了综合实验和数值研究，重点研究了使用PLA+通过熔融沉积建模（FDM）制造的蜂窝和辅助结构。机械性能在压缩、三点弯曲和夏比冲击下进行了表征，遵循ASTM相关标准。通过网格收敛和能量平衡校验，验证了Abaqus中的有限元分析（FEA），保证了仿真的逼真度。使用双向方差分析的统计分析显示，岩芯几何形状和载荷类型之间存在显著的交互作用（F(2,12) = 15.14, p < 0.001），表明在压缩情况下，增材岩芯比蜂窝岩芯的比能吸收（SEA）高51%，而蜂窝岩芯具有更优越的抗弯刚度，在冲击下性能差异缩小。所提出的方法，虽然与PLA+演示，适用于其他核心材料，使数据驱动选择复合核心设计的特定应用需求。

{"title":"Unified experimental and finite element analysis of the mechanical performance of 3D-printed honeycomb and auxetic sandwich cores","authors":"Hamed Adibi, Ali Akbari Lalaei, Amirali Nakhaei","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A critical challenge in the design of lightweight composite structures is the quantitative selection of core architectures for specific loading conditions. This study presents an integrated experimental–numerical investigation into the performance of 3D-printed sandwich composite cores, focusing on honeycomb and auxetic architectures fabricated via fused deposition modeling (FDM) using PLA+. Mechanical performance was characterized under compression, three-point bending, and Charpy impact, following relevant ASTM <span><span>standards</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in Abaqus was validated through mesh convergence and energy balance checks, ensuring robust simulation fidelity. Statistical analysis using a two-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect between core geometry and load type (F(2,12) = 15.14, <em>p</em> < 0.001), indicating that auxetic cores exhibit ∼51 % higher specific energy absorption (SEA) than honeycomb cores in compression, while honeycomb cores provide superior flexural stiffness, and performance differences narrow under impact. The proposed methodology, while demonstrated with PLA+, is applicable to other core materials, enabling data-driven selection of composite core designs for application-specific requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100656"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal acetylation on PLA nanocomposite crystallization behavior 羧化纤维素纳米晶乙酰化对PLA纳米复合材料结晶行为的影响

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100673

Parisa Bayat , Andrew Anstey , Marc A. Dubé , Timothy Morse , Michael F. Cunningham , Kelly M. Meek

Polylactic acid (PLA) has garnered increasing attention as a biodegradable polymer derived from renewable resources; however, its relatively slow crystallization rate restricts its broader use in wider applications. We address this challenge by producing PLA nanocomposites with carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (cCNCs) and acetylated cCNCs (AcCNCs) in ethyl lactate (EtLa), a bio-based, non-toxic solvent. The crystallization behavior and thermomechanical properties of the nanocomposites were measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and polarized light microscopy (PLM). For PLA-cCNC nanocomposites, Avrami analysis confirmed a transition from two- to three-dimensional spherulitic growth. The addition of cCNCs or AcCNCs with a low degree of substitution (i.e., DS = 0.06) in PLA led to increased crystallization rates. This demonstrated that the cCNCs and AcCNCs enhanced heterogeneous nucleation and the use of EtLa enhanced PLA chain mobility. XRD measurements revealed an increase in average crystallite size when cCNCs and AcCNCs were added to the PLA, signifying improved crystal development. Although both cCNCs and AcCNCs promoted PLA crystallization, the nucleating efficiency of AcCNCs was hampered by reduced compatibility with the EtLa solvent, likely leading to some AcCNC aggregation. The results show how leveraging a greener solvent (EtLa) and utilizing cCNCs can effectively address PLA crystallization limitations, thereby expanding opportunities to enhance high-performance, sustainable materials in packaging, additive manufacturing, and biomedical engineering.

聚乳酸（PLA）作为一种来源于可再生资源的可生物降解聚合物，越来越受到人们的关注。但其结晶速度相对较慢，限制了其在更广泛应用中的广泛应用。我们通过在生物基无毒溶剂乳酸乙酯（EtLa）中生产羧化纤维素纳米晶体（ccnc）和乙酰化纤维素纳米晶体（accnc）的PLA纳米复合材料来解决这一挑战。采用x射线衍射（XRD）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、热重分析（TGA）、动态力学分析（DMA）和偏振光显微镜（PLM）测试了纳米复合材料的结晶行为和热力学性能。对于PLA-cCNC纳米复合材料，Avrami分析证实了从二维到三维球晶生长的转变。在PLA中加入ccnc或低取代度（即DS = 0.06）的accnc可提高结晶速率。这表明ccnc和accnc增强了非均相成核，EtLa的使用增强了PLA链的迁移率。XRD测量结果显示，在PLA中加入ccnc和accnc后，平均晶粒尺寸增加，表明晶体发育得到改善。尽管ccnc和AcCNC都促进了PLA的结晶，但AcCNC的成核效率由于与EtLa溶剂的相容性降低而受到阻碍，可能导致AcCNC聚集。结果表明，利用更环保的溶剂（EtLa）和利用ccnc可以有效地解决PLA结晶限制，从而扩大在包装、增材制造和生物医学工程中增强高性能、可持续材料的机会。

{"title":"Effect of carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal acetylation on PLA nanocomposite crystallization behavior","authors":"Parisa Bayat , Andrew Anstey , Marc A. Dubé , Timothy Morse , Michael F. Cunningham , Kelly M. Meek","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polylactic acid (PLA) has garnered increasing attention as a biodegradable polymer derived from renewable resources; however, its relatively slow crystallization rate restricts its broader use in wider applications. We address this challenge by producing PLA nanocomposites with carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (cCNCs) and acetylated cCNCs (AcCNCs) in ethyl lactate (EtLa), a bio-based, non-toxic solvent. The crystallization behavior and thermomechanical properties of the nanocomposites were measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and polarized light microscopy (PLM). For PLA-cCNC nanocomposites, Avrami analysis confirmed a transition from two- to three-dimensional spherulitic growth. The addition of cCNCs or AcCNCs with a low degree of substitution (i.e., DS = 0.06) in PLA led to increased crystallization rates. This demonstrated that the cCNCs and AcCNCs enhanced heterogeneous nucleation and the use of EtLa enhanced PLA chain mobility. XRD measurements revealed an increase in average crystallite size when cCNCs and AcCNCs were added to the PLA, signifying improved crystal development. Although both cCNCs and AcCNCs promoted PLA crystallization, the nucleating efficiency of AcCNCs was hampered by reduced compatibility with the EtLa solvent, likely leading to some AcCNC aggregation. The results show how leveraging a greener solvent (EtLa) and utilizing cCNCs can effectively address PLA crystallization limitations, thereby expanding opportunities to enhance high-performance, sustainable materials in packaging, additive manufacturing, and biomedical engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100673"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145415543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A study on explosive test and its finite-element analysis for the carbon fiber-reinforced concrete slab 碳纤维增强混凝土板的爆炸试验及有限元分析研究

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100661

Yeou-Fong Li , Shi-Huan Hou , Jin-Yuan Syu , Pei-Yao Hsu , Chih-Hong Huang , Ying-Kuan Tsai

This study conducted a finite-element analysis simulation of explosive tests on carbon fiber-reinforced concrete (CFRC) slabs. The Johnson-Holmquist Concrete (JHC) constitutive model was used to simulate the mechanical behavior and failure modes of CFRC under explosive loads. The stress-strain relationships at different strain rates were obtained from quasi-static and dynamic split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests. Regression analysis was performed to determine the material parameters for the JHC constitutive model. Using LS-DYNA software, the mechanical behavior and failure modes of carbon fiber-reinforced concrete slabs, made with and without the addition of 1 % by volume of 24 mm carbon fibers, were simulated under the impact of C4 explosive blast waves. The simulation results were compared and validated against the experimental explosive test results. The findings demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed model in accurately predicting the response of carbon fiber-reinforced concrete slabs under explosive loads. This study provided valuable insights into the behavior and performance of carbon fiber-reinforced concrete slabs, contributing to the design and optimization of blast-resistant protective structures.

本文对碳纤维增强混凝土（CFRC）板的爆炸试验进行了有限元分析模拟。采用Johnson-Holmquist混凝土（JHC）本构模型对CFRC在爆炸荷载作用下的力学行为和破坏模式进行了模拟。通过准静态和动态劈裂霍普金森压杆（SHPB）试验，得到了不同应变速率下的应力应变关系。通过回归分析确定JHC本构模型的材料参数。利用LS-DYNA软件，模拟了添加体积比为1%的24 mm碳纤维和不添加体积比为1%的24 mm碳纤维的碳纤维增强混凝土板在C4炸药冲击波作用下的力学行为和破坏模式。仿真结果与爆炸试验结果进行了对比验证。结果表明，该模型能够准确预测碳纤维混凝土板在爆炸荷载作用下的响应。该研究为碳纤维增强混凝土板的性能和行为提供了有价值的见解，有助于防爆防护结构的设计和优化。

{"title":"A study on explosive test and its finite-element analysis for the carbon fiber-reinforced concrete slab","authors":"Yeou-Fong Li , Shi-Huan Hou , Jin-Yuan Syu , Pei-Yao Hsu , Chih-Hong Huang , Ying-Kuan Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study conducted a finite-element analysis simulation of explosive tests on carbon fiber-reinforced concrete (CFRC) slabs. The Johnson-Holmquist Concrete (JHC) constitutive model was used to simulate the mechanical behavior and failure modes of CFRC under explosive loads. The stress-strain relationships at different strain rates were obtained from quasi-static and dynamic split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests. Regression analysis was performed to determine the material parameters for the JHC constitutive model. Using LS-DYNA software, the mechanical behavior and failure modes of carbon fiber-reinforced concrete slabs, made with and without the addition of 1 % by volume of 24 mm carbon fibers, were simulated under the impact of C4 explosive blast waves. The simulation results were compared and validated against the experimental explosive test results. The findings demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed model in accurately predicting the response of carbon fiber-reinforced concrete slabs under explosive loads. This study provided valuable insights into the behavior and performance of carbon fiber-reinforced concrete slabs, contributing to the design and optimization of blast-resistant protective structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100661"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pultruded CFRP sensors for structural stiffening and linear piezoresistive strain sensing in GFRP 拉挤CFRP传感器用于结构加固和线性压阻应变传感

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100681

Christiane Bremer , Jan Kube , Michael Sinapius , Oliver Völkerink , Yoshihiro Mizutani , Markus Böl

Carbon fibers are electrically conductive and can be used for intrinsic load monitoring through electrical resistance measurement. Using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer parts instead of individual fibers allows for functional integration because it stiffens the structure and simultaneously monitors the load through strain measurement. However, a drawback is that various phenomena occur simultaneously in sensors consisting of multiple rovings, resulting in nonlinear sensor characteristics. The pultrusion process produces straight, aligned fibers, resulting in good linearity and repeatability. This paper presents the manufacturing of sensors of different thicknesses and compares them with reference sensors made from commercially available carbon fiber-reinforced polymer rods. The sensors’ sensitivity and linearity are analyzed and compared. All of the sensors exhibited a sensitivity of approximately

k = 1.85

and good linearity. The manufactured sensors exhibited properties similar to those of the commercial ones. Finally, the sensors were integrated into a glass fiber-reinforced polymer and subjected to three-point bending tests to demonstrate their ability for functional integration. Although a stiffening function was observed, strain measurements still showed some error compared to strain gauges.

碳纤维具有导电性，可通过电阻测量用于本征负载监测。使用碳纤维增强聚合物部件而不是单个纤维可以实现功能集成，因为它可以增强结构，同时通过应变测量监测负载。然而，这种方法的一个缺点是，在由多个纱线组成的传感器中，各种现象同时发生，导致传感器特性非线性。拉挤过程产生直的、排列的纤维，从而产生良好的线性和可重复性。本文介绍了不同厚度传感器的制造方法，并将其与市售碳纤维增强聚合物棒制成的参考传感器进行了比较。对传感器的灵敏度和线性度进行了分析比较。所有传感器的灵敏度约为k=1.85，线性良好。制造的传感器显示出与商用传感器相似的性能。最后，将传感器集成到玻璃纤维增强聚合物中，并进行三点弯曲测试，以证明其功能集成的能力。虽然观察到硬化功能，应变测量仍然显示出一些误差与应变片。

{"title":"Pultruded CFRP sensors for structural stiffening and linear piezoresistive strain sensing in GFRP","authors":"Christiane Bremer , Jan Kube , Michael Sinapius , Oliver Völkerink , Yoshihiro Mizutani , Markus Böl","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon fibers are electrically conductive and can be used for intrinsic load monitoring through electrical resistance measurement. Using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer parts instead of individual fibers allows for functional integration because it stiffens the structure and simultaneously monitors the load through strain measurement. However, a drawback is that various phenomena occur simultaneously in sensors consisting of multiple rovings, resulting in nonlinear sensor characteristics. The pultrusion process produces straight, aligned fibers, resulting in good linearity and repeatability. This paper presents the manufacturing of sensors of different thicknesses and compares them with reference sensors made from commercially available carbon fiber-reinforced polymer rods. The sensors’ sensitivity and linearity are analyzed and compared. All of the sensors exhibited a sensitivity of approximately <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>85</mn></mrow></math></span> and good linearity. The manufactured sensors exhibited properties similar to those of the commercial ones. Finally, the sensors were integrated into a glass fiber-reinforced polymer and subjected to three-point bending tests to demonstrate their ability for functional integration. Although a stiffening function was observed, strain measurements still showed some error compared to strain gauges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100681"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete T-beams strengthened with AA/CFRP hybrid systems AA/CFRP复合加固钢筋混凝土t梁的受弯性能

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100671

Abubakr Mohammed, Jamal A. Abdalla, Rami A. Hawileh, Maha Assad

This study presents a comprehensive experimental and analytical investigation into the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams strengthened with hybrid Aluminum Alloy (AA) and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) systems. The research program involved sixteen RC T-beams, including fourteen strengthened specimens utilizing AA plates, CFRP laminates, and their hybrid configurations, along with two control specimens for baseline comparison. All specimens were subjected to four-point bending tests to evaluate their structural performance. The experimental results demonstrated that all specimens exhibited flexural failure modes, with laminate debonding emerging as the predominant failure mechanism. The strengthened beams showed significant improvements in load-carrying capacity, with enhancements ranging from 18% to 77% for low reinforcement ratio specimens and 10% to 44% for high reinforcement ratio specimens. The findings suggest that an optimized hybrid system configuration can substantially increase beam strength while maintaining satisfactory ductility characteristics. Notably, specimens with higher reinforcement ratios exhibited less pronounced ductility reduction compared to their lower reinforcement ratio counterparts. Analytical predictions of load-carrying capacity were developed and compared with experimental results. The study revealed that the ACI-440.02R-19 provisions provided unconservative estimates for beams strengthened with AA plates, highlighting the need for refined design methodologies for such hybrid strengthening systems.

本研究对混合铝合金（AA）和碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）系统加固的钢筋混凝土（RC） t梁的抗弯性能进行了全面的实验和分析研究。该研究项目涉及16根钢筋混凝土t梁，包括14根使用AA板、CFRP层压板及其混合结构的加固试件，以及两个用于基线比较的对照试件。所有试件都进行了四点弯曲试验，以评估其结构性能。试验结果表明，所有试件均表现为受弯破坏模式，层压脱粘是主要破坏机制。加固后的梁的承载能力显著提高，低配筋率试件的承载力提高幅度为18% ~ 77%，高配筋率试件的承载力提高幅度为10% ~ 44%。研究结果表明，优化后的混合结构可以在保持良好延性的同时大幅提高梁的强度。值得注意的是，与配筋率较低的试件相比，配筋率较高的试件的延性降低幅度较小。提出了承载能力的分析预测，并与试验结果进行了比较。研究表明，ACI-440.02R-19规定提供了对AA板加固梁的非保守估计，强调了这种混合加固系统需要改进设计方法。

{"title":"Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete T-beams strengthened with AA/CFRP hybrid systems","authors":"Abubakr Mohammed, Jamal A. Abdalla, Rami A. Hawileh, Maha Assad","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive experimental and analytical investigation into the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams strengthened with hybrid Aluminum Alloy (AA) and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) systems. The research program involved sixteen RC T-beams, including fourteen strengthened specimens utilizing AA plates, CFRP laminates, and their hybrid configurations, along with two control specimens for baseline comparison. All specimens were subjected to four-point bending tests to evaluate their structural performance. The experimental results demonstrated that all specimens exhibited flexural failure modes, with laminate debonding emerging as the predominant failure mechanism. The strengthened beams showed significant improvements in load-carrying capacity, with enhancements ranging from 18% to 77% for low reinforcement ratio specimens and 10% to 44% for high reinforcement ratio specimens. The findings suggest that an optimized hybrid system configuration can substantially increase beam strength while maintaining satisfactory ductility characteristics. Notably, specimens with higher reinforcement ratios exhibited less pronounced ductility reduction compared to their lower reinforcement ratio counterparts. Analytical predictions of load-carrying capacity were developed and compared with experimental results. The study revealed that the ACI-440.02R-19 provisions provided unconservative estimates for beams strengthened with AA plates, highlighting the need for refined design methodologies for such hybrid strengthening systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100671"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of flexural repairing techniques for heat-damaged reinforced concrete T-beams using BFRP and CFRP composites: Experimental and numerical approach BFRP和CFRP复合材料对热损伤钢筋混凝土t梁抗弯修复技术的研究：实验和数值方法

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100652

Mu’tasim Abdel-Jaber , Rawand Al-Nsour , Sondos AlManaseer , Nasim Shatarat , Ahmed Ashteyat , Ahmad Al-Khreisat

This research explores the performance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) systems in enhancing the structural integrity of reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams exposed to elevated temperatures. A total of eight T-beams were assessed, including both unstrengthened specimens and those retrofitted using Near-Surface Mounted (NSM) and Externally Bonded (EB) strengthening approaches, employing various arrangements of CFRP and BFRP ropes and sheets. The specimens were subjected to heating at 650°C for three hours to replicate severe thermal effects. Test results showed a 20.49% average decline in flexural strength for the heat-damaged beams. Nonetheless, all strengthened specimens regained and surpassed their pre-heating load-bearing capacity, with recovery values ranging from 127.03% to 237.92%. Among the tested BFRP systems, the double-layer, low-dense sheet configuration achieved the highest strength increase (160.44%), closely aligning with the gains observed in CFRP-strengthened beams (up to 199%). Using two layers of BFRP sheets notably enhanced flexural performance compared to single-layer applications. The BFRP rope also delivered strong results, showing a 180.95% strength recovery along with improved ductility and toughness, rivaling CFRP in some cases. Analytical outcomes based on ACI 440.2R-08 corresponded well with the experimental data, though they tended to slightly underestimate ultimate strength, with deviations ranging between 1.71% and 10.54%. Overall, the results support the effective use of both CFRP and BFRP systems for restoring the strength of heat-damaged RC beams. BFRP, in particular, presents a cost-efficient solution for moderate-strengthening applications, making it suitable for projects with budgetary limitations.

本研究探讨了碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）和玄武岩纤维增强聚合物（BFRP）系统在提高高温下钢筋混凝土（RC） t梁结构完整性方面的性能。总共评估了8根t梁，包括未加固的试件和采用近表面安装（NSM）和外部粘结（EB）加固方法的试件，采用各种CFRP和BFRP绳索和板的布置。试样在650℃下加热3小时，以模拟剧烈的热效应。试验结果表明，热损伤梁的抗弯强度平均下降20.49%。尽管如此，所有加固试件均恢复并超过了其预热承载能力，恢复值在127.03% ~ 237.92%之间。在测试的BFRP体系中，双层低密度板结构获得了最高的强度增加（160.44%），与cfrp加固梁的强度增加（高达199%）密切相关。与单层应用相比，使用两层BFRP片材显著提高了抗弯性能。BFRP绳也取得了良好的效果，其强度回复率为180.95%，延展性和韧性也有所提高，在某些情况下可与CFRP相媲美。基于ACI 440.2R-08的分析结果与实验数据吻合较好，但有轻微低估极限强度的倾向，偏差范围在1.71% ~ 10.54%之间。总体而言，研究结果支持CFRP和BFRP系统的有效使用，以恢复热损伤的RC梁的强度。特别是，BFRP为中等强度的应用提供了一种成本效益高的解决方案，使其适用于预算有限的项目。

{"title":"Investigation of flexural repairing techniques for heat-damaged reinforced concrete T-beams using BFRP and CFRP composites: Experimental and numerical approach","authors":"Mu’tasim Abdel-Jaber , Rawand Al-Nsour , Sondos AlManaseer , Nasim Shatarat , Ahmed Ashteyat , Ahmad Al-Khreisat","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explores the performance of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) systems in enhancing the structural integrity of reinforced concrete (RC) T-beams exposed to elevated temperatures. A total of eight T-beams were assessed, including both unstrengthened specimens and those retrofitted using Near-Surface Mounted (NSM) and Externally Bonded (EB) strengthening approaches, employing various arrangements of CFRP and BFRP ropes and sheets. The specimens were subjected to heating at 650°C for three hours to replicate severe thermal effects. Test results showed a 20.49% average decline in flexural strength for the heat-damaged beams. Nonetheless, all strengthened specimens regained and surpassed their pre-heating load-bearing capacity, with recovery values ranging from 127.03% to 237.92%. Among the tested BFRP systems, the double-layer, low-dense sheet configuration achieved the highest strength increase (160.44%), closely aligning with the gains observed in CFRP-strengthened beams (up to 199%). Using two layers of BFRP sheets notably enhanced flexural performance compared to single-layer applications. The BFRP rope also delivered strong results, showing a 180.95% strength recovery along with improved ductility and toughness, rivaling CFRP in some cases. Analytical outcomes based on ACI 440.2R-08 corresponded well with the experimental data, though they tended to slightly underestimate ultimate strength, with deviations ranging between 1.71% and 10.54%. Overall, the results support the effective use of both CFRP and BFRP systems for restoring the strength of heat-damaged RC beams. BFRP, in particular, presents a cost-efficient solution for moderate-strengthening applications, making it suitable for projects with budgetary limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100652"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Durability of large-format additively manufactured polymer composite structures with environmental exposure–accelerated water immersion 环境暴露-加速浸水条件下大尺寸增材制造聚合物复合材料结构耐久性研究

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100659

Sunil Bhandari , Prabhat Khanal , Roberto A. Lopez-Anido

Large-format additive manufacturing (LFAM) of polymer composites enables rapid production of large-scale components for infrastructure, transportation, and defense. As these components see increased outdoor use, understanding their durability under moisture exposure is critical. This study evaluates the effects of water immersion on the durability of LFAM composites using three material systems: carbon fiber reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (CF-ABS), glass fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol (GF-PETG), and wood flour reinforced amorphous polylactic acid (WF-aPLA). Specimens were fabricated using a pellet-fed extrusion-based LFAM process and immersed in water for 30, 60, and 90 days at three temperatures. Moisture uptake and mechanical degradation were assessed in both longitudinal and through-thickness orientations to capture the influence of interlayer interfaces. Results show that bio-based WF-aPLA absorbed significantly more moisture than petroleum-based CF-ABS and GF-PETG and exhibited ongoing degradation that prevented saturation. The most severe mechanical losses occurred in the through-thickness direction, where more interbead interfaces and voids were present. Longitudinal specimens showed better retention of strength and stiffness. Mechanical property degradation progressed in two stages: an initial rapid phase following an Arrhenius relationship with inverse temperature, and a slower secondary phase that deviated from this behavior. The findings demonstrate that both material selection and build orientation significantly affect moisture durability. While petroleum-based composites performed better overall, their durability remains influenced by LFAM-induced anisotropy. These results support material selection and predictive modeling for reliable LFAM structures in outdoor environments.

聚合物复合材料的大尺寸增材制造（LFAM）能够快速生产用于基础设施、交通和国防的大型部件。随着这些组件在户外使用的增加，了解它们在潮湿暴露下的耐久性至关重要。本研究采用碳纤维增强丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（CF-ABS）、玻璃纤维增强聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（GF-PETG）和木粉增强无定形聚乳酸（WF-aPLA）三种材料体系，评估了水浸泡对LFAM复合材料耐久性的影响。使用基于颗粒喂料挤压的LFAM工艺制作标本，并在三种温度下在水中浸泡30、60和90天。在纵向和全厚度方向上评估了吸湿性和机械退化，以捕捉层间界面的影响。结果表明，生物基WF-aPLA比石油基CF-ABS和GF-PETG吸收更多的水分，并表现出持续降解，防止饱和。最严重的机械损失发生在贯穿厚度方向，其中存在更多的界面和空洞。纵向试件表现出较好的强度和刚度保留。力学性能的退化分两个阶段进行：最初的快速阶段遵循Arrhenius与逆温度的关系，以及偏离这种行为的较慢的次级阶段。研究结果表明，材料选择和建筑朝向对防潮耐久性有显著影响。虽然石油基复合材料的总体性能更好，但其耐久性仍然受到lfam诱导的各向异性的影响。这些结果为室外环境中可靠的LFAM结构的材料选择和预测建模提供了支持。

{"title":"Durability of large-format additively manufactured polymer composite structures with environmental exposure–accelerated water immersion","authors":"Sunil Bhandari , Prabhat Khanal , Roberto A. Lopez-Anido","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-format additive manufacturing (LFAM) of polymer composites enables rapid production of large-scale components for infrastructure, transportation, and defense. As these components see increased outdoor use, understanding their durability under moisture exposure is critical. This study evaluates the effects of water immersion on the durability of LFAM composites using three material systems: carbon fiber reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (CF-ABS), glass fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate glycol (GF-PETG), and wood flour reinforced amorphous polylactic acid (WF-aPLA). Specimens were fabricated using a pellet-fed extrusion-based LFAM process and immersed in water for 30, 60, and 90 days at three temperatures. Moisture uptake and mechanical degradation were assessed in both longitudinal and through-thickness orientations to capture the influence of interlayer interfaces. Results show that bio-based WF-aPLA absorbed significantly more moisture than petroleum-based CF-ABS and GF-PETG and exhibited ongoing degradation that prevented saturation. The most severe mechanical losses occurred in the through-thickness direction, where more interbead interfaces and voids were present. Longitudinal specimens showed better retention of strength and stiffness. Mechanical property degradation progressed in two stages: an initial rapid phase following an Arrhenius relationship with inverse temperature, and a slower secondary phase that deviated from this behavior. The findings demonstrate that both material selection and build orientation significantly affect moisture durability. While petroleum-based composites performed better overall, their durability remains influenced by LFAM-induced anisotropy. These results support material selection and predictive modeling for reliable LFAM structures in outdoor environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100659"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In-situ open-hole tensile testing and modeling of hybrid PEEK thermoplastic laminates under burn-through kerosene flame exposure 混合PEEK热塑性层压板在煤油火焰下的原位开孔拉伸试验与建模

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100657

Lanhui Lin , Benoit Vieille , Christophe Bouvet , Tanguy Davin

The objective of the present work is to investigate the thermo-mechanical behavior of open-hole hybrid carbon/glass fiber reinforced PolyEther Ether Ketone (CG/PEEK) thermoplastic laminate subjected to the kerosene flame exposure (1100 °C and 116 kW/m² heat flux) in combination with tensile loading. A specialized flame testing bench has been developed, integrating a tensile mechanical loading and a kerosene burner, to induce in-situ fire-mechanical test conditions. The novel prototype has been employed to monitor the temporal evolution of several physical quantities in the range of fire exposure times up to 900 s, including back surface and through thickness temperature, open-hole deformation and swelling ratio of thickness. The mechanisms of fire- and mechanically-induced damage are examined through the fractographic analysis using tomography and microscopy. One-sided burn-through flame exposure causes the in-plane (4.0 K/mm) and through-thickness (40.1 K/mm) temperature gradients after 300 s. Compared to the virgin state, there is a considerable reduction in the equivalent stiffness (-67%) and axial strength (-55%) following a 900 s of flame exposure, indicating the severely damaged structural integrity. The modeling of the in-situ mechanical properties over multiple phase transition temperatures of the PEEK matrix is applied to characterize and ultimately predict the thermo-mechanical response of laminate under tensile loading in fire. The approach is based on the experimental measurement of mechanical properties over a wide temperature range (isothermal heating from the glass transition temperature to the PEEK matrix pyrolysis). The model shows a high degree of effectiveness in representing the in-situ open-hole tensile behavior of TP-based laminates under fire conditions as a function of flame exposure time.

本研究的目的是研究开孔混杂碳/玻璃纤维增强聚醚醚酮（CG/PEEK）热塑性层压板在煤油火焰（1100°C和116 kW/m2热流密度）和拉伸载荷联合作用下的热力学行为。研制了集拉伸机械载荷和煤油燃烧器为一体的专用火焰试验台，模拟了现场火焰力学试验条件。该新型原型已被用于监测火灾暴露时间长达900 s范围内的几个物理量的时间演变，包括背表面和穿过厚度温度、裸眼变形和厚度膨胀比。火灾和机械损伤的机制是通过断口分析，使用断层扫描和显微镜检查。在300秒后，单侧燃烧穿透火焰暴露会导致面内温度梯度（4.0 K/mm）和厚度温度梯度（40.1 K/mm）。与原始状态相比，在900秒的火焰暴露后，等效刚度（-67%）和轴向强度（-55%）显著降低，表明结构完整性严重受损。通过对PEEK基体在多个相变温度下的原位力学性能建模，表征并最终预测层合板在火灾中拉伸载荷下的热力学响应。该方法基于在宽温度范围内（从玻璃化转变温度到PEEK基体热解的等温加热）的机械性能的实验测量。该模型能够很好地描述tp基层压板在火灾条件下的原位开孔拉伸行为与火焰暴露时间的关系。

{"title":"In-situ open-hole tensile testing and modeling of hybrid PEEK thermoplastic laminates under burn-through kerosene flame exposure","authors":"Lanhui Lin , Benoit Vieille , Christophe Bouvet , Tanguy Davin","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of the present work is to investigate the thermo-mechanical behavior of open-hole hybrid carbon/glass fiber reinforced PolyEther Ether Ketone (CG/PEEK) thermoplastic laminate subjected to the kerosene flame exposure (1100 °C and 116 kW/m<sup>2</sup> heat flux) in combination with tensile loading. A specialized flame testing bench has been developed, integrating a tensile mechanical loading and a kerosene burner, to induce in-situ fire-mechanical test conditions. The novel prototype has been employed to monitor the temporal evolution of several physical quantities in the range of fire exposure times up to 900 s, including back surface and through thickness temperature, open-hole deformation and swelling ratio of thickness. The mechanisms of fire- and mechanically-induced damage are examined through the fractographic analysis using tomography and microscopy. One-sided burn-through flame exposure causes the in-plane (4.0 K/mm) and through-thickness (40.1 K/mm) temperature gradients after 300 s. Compared to the virgin state, there is a considerable reduction in the equivalent stiffness (-67%) and axial strength (-55%) following a 900 s of flame exposure, indicating the severely damaged structural integrity. The modeling of the in-situ mechanical properties over multiple phase transition temperatures of the PEEK matrix is applied to characterize and ultimately predict the thermo-mechanical response of laminate under tensile loading in fire. The approach is based on the experimental measurement of mechanical properties over a wide temperature range (isothermal heating from the glass transition temperature to the PEEK matrix pyrolysis). The model shows a high degree of effectiveness in representing the in-situ open-hole tensile behavior of TP-based laminates under fire conditions as a function of flame exposure time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100657"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0