Composites Part C Open Access最新文献_第7页

Effective suppression of machining-induced interlayer damage in machined holes of Al/CFRP stacks 有效抑制Al/CFRP叠层加工孔层间损伤

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100627

Balázs Markó , Szilárd Seprős , Jinyang Xu , Norbert Geier

Aluminium/carbon fibre reinforced polymer (Al/CFRP) composite stacks combine the high strength-to-weight ratio of the CFRP with the ductility and impact resistance of aluminium. Due to their excellent mechanical properties, Al/CFRP stacks are becoming increasingly popular in major industrial fields such as aerospace and automotive. However, mechanical machining of these materials, particularly at the interlayer regions, presents significant challenges, notably the formation of interlayer burrs. To address this issue, we introduce an innovative hole-making technology designed to minimise machining-induced interlayer burr formation. The novel technology integrates helical and spiral interpolation strategies to reduce axial force at the interlayer interfaces. We validated the efficiency of the novel technology through a series of machining experiments, employing a Central Composite Inscribed (CCI) experimental design. The experiments were performed on a three-axis CNC milling centre, with burr measurements obtained using a Keyence VR-5000 3D profilometer. Maximum burr heights were recorded along the hole contours at one-degree intervals. Our findings demonstrate a significant reduction (28 %) in interlayer burr formation in unidirectional carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (UD-CFRP) plates when utilising the proposed technique. These results suggest that our developed method is promising to improve machining quality in Al/CFRP stacks, meriting further investigation and development.

铝/碳纤维增强聚合物（Al/CFRP）复合材料堆结合了CFRP的高强度重量比和铝的延展性和抗冲击性。由于其优异的机械性能，Al/CFRP叠层在航空航天和汽车等主要工业领域越来越受欢迎。然而，这些材料的机械加工，特别是在层间区域，提出了重大的挑战，特别是层间毛刺的形成。为了解决这个问题，我们引入了一种创新的制孔技术，旨在最大限度地减少加工引起的层间毛刺的形成。该新技术集成了螺旋和螺旋插补策略，以减小层间界面处的轴向力。我们通过一系列的加工实验验证了新技术的效率，采用中心复合材料雕刻（CCI）实验设计。实验在三轴数控铣削中心进行，毛刺测量使用Keyence VR-5000 3D轮廓仪。沿孔轮廓每隔一度记录最大毛刺高度。我们的研究结果表明，当使用所提出的技术时，单向碳纤维增强聚合物（UD-CFRP）板的层间毛刺形成显著减少（28%）。这些结果表明，我们所开发的方法有望提高Al/CFRP叠层的加工质量，值得进一步研究和开发。

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引用次数: 0

Fatigue behavior and failure mechanism of 3D-printed continuous glass fiber-reinforced PLA composites under rotating bending fatigue 旋转弯曲疲劳下3d打印连续玻璃纤维增强PLA复合材料的疲劳行为及失效机理

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100623

Mehrnoosh Javadian, Ali Dadashi, Abbasali Bagheri, Mohammad Azadi

This study investigates the fatigue behavior and failure mechanisms of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) composites reinforced with continuous glass fibers under rotating bending fatigue. Composite specimens were fabricated using a modified fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer with fiber volume fractions of 16 %. Fatigue testing was conducted under fully reversed loading at room temperature, and fracture surfaces were analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Results indicate that fiber reinforcement significantly enhances fatigue resistance, with fiber orientation (+45/-45) and infill density playing critical roles in improving performance. A Poisson regression model confirmed the statistical significance of all main effects and two interactions, with print direction having the greatest influence. Fractographic analysis revealed void, fiber breakage, and fiber-matrix debonding as key failure modes. The study provides crucial insights for optimizing composite materials for applications involving cyclic loading.

研究了连续玻璃纤维增强3d打印聚乳酸（PLA）复合材料在旋转弯曲疲劳下的疲劳行为和破坏机制。使用纤维体积分数为16%的改进熔融沉积建模（FDM）打印机制备复合材料样品。在室温下进行了完全反向载荷下的疲劳试验，并用场发射扫描电镜（FE-SEM）分析了断口表面。结果表明，纤维增强显著提高了材料的抗疲劳性能，纤维取向（+45/-45）和填充密度是提高材料抗疲劳性能的关键因素。泊松回归模型证实了所有主效应和两种相互作用的统计显著性，其中印刷方向的影响最大。断口分析显示，空洞、纤维断裂和纤维-基体脱粘是主要的破坏模式。该研究为优化复合材料的循环加载应用提供了重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Design and analysis of energy storage multifunctional composite structures with embedded lithium-ion batteries 嵌入式锂离子电池储能多功能复合材料结构设计与分析

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100631

Koranat Pattarakunnan , Joel L. Galos , Raj Das

Multifunctional carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite structures with embedded batteries can simultaneously carry mechanical loads and store and supply electrical energy have future potential applications in electric vehicles. This paper conducts a parametric study of CFRP laminates with embedded batteries using a finite element (FE) model that has been experimentally validated. The parametric study investigated the effects of number of embedded lithium-ion (Li-ion) polymer (LiPo) batteries (up to 400 batteries), their locations (up to a grid of 20 × 20 batteries) and thicknesses (4 mm, 2 mm and 1 mm), as well as CFRP fibre stacking sequences ([0],[0/90],[0/±45/90] and [±45]) on specific stiffness and strength (density normalised) and gravimetric energy density of multifunctional CFRP laminates. A similar FE parametric study on a curved CFRP vehicle roof with embedded batteries was also conducted. Embedded batteries can provide energy density of up to about 75 Wh/kg and 20 Wh/kg when 20 × 20 batteries were embedded in CFRP laminates and CFRP roof, respectively. However, they had adverse effects on specific mechanical properties of both CFRP laminates and CFRP roof with embedded batteries. It was suggested that the thickness of the embedded batteries should be carefully picked to achieve an optimal trade-off between desired energy density and resultant specific mechanical properties.

内置电池的多功能碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）复合材料结构可以同时承受机械载荷和储存和供应电能，在电动汽车上具有潜在的应用前景。本文采用有限元模型对嵌套电池的碳纤维复合材料层合板进行了参数化研究，并得到了实验验证。参数化研究调查了嵌入锂离子（Li-ion）聚合物（LiPo）电池的数量（最多400个电池）、它们的位置（最多20 × 20电池的网格）和厚度（4mm、2mm和1mm），以及CFRP纤维堆叠顺序（[0]、[0/90]、[0/±45/90]和[±45]）对多功能CFRP层压板的比刚度和强度（密度标准化）以及重力能量密度的影响。此外，还对一种嵌入电池的CFRP弯曲车顶进行了类似的有限元参数分析。当20 × 20电池分别嵌入CFRP层压板和CFRP屋顶时，可提供高达约75 Wh/kg和20 Wh/kg的能量密度。然而，它们对CFRP层压板和嵌套电池的CFRP屋顶的特定力学性能都有不利影响。建议仔细选择嵌入式电池的厚度，以在所需的能量密度和所得的特定机械性能之间实现最佳权衡。

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引用次数: 0

Addressing process-induced porosity variations in multiscale composite materials analysis using aggregated projection clustering and Halton sequence RVE sampling 利用聚合投影聚类和霍尔顿序列RVE采样处理多尺度复合材料分析中过程引起的孔隙度变化

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100625

Hamidreza Dehghani , Henri Perrin , Elias Belouettar-Mathis , Borek Patzák , Salim Belouettar

A challenge associated with the multiscale modeling of highly consolidated composites is the existing contact effects arising from the manufacturing process. In such cases, porosity significantly decreases as we approach the consolidation surfaces, leading to substantial variations in material behavior in those areas. To address this, we propose an unsupervised machine learning approach integrated with micro-computed tomography (

μ

CT) image processing and Asymptotic Homogenization (AH) for accurate and robust consideration of real microstructure as the basis for an upscaling process. This process employs systems of partial differential equations (PDEs) known as cell problems. This work introduces the Aggregated Vertical Projection Clustering (APC) method, which applies K-means clustering to partition the data into k groups based on porosity. We also present a novel porosity-based periodic cell selection strategy, which uses the Halton sequence to select representative volume element (RVE) cells for each cluster. The workflow generates computational meshes of RVE cells for Finite Element (FE) analysis, solves the cell problems required for upscaling, and calculates the effective heat conductivity. Statistical descriptions and representativity analyses demonstrate that the proposed methodology efficiently and accurately computes the effective properties in these challenging cases.

高固结复合材料的多尺度建模面临的挑战是制造过程中产生的现有接触效应。在这种情况下，当我们接近固结表面时，孔隙率显著降低，导致这些区域的材料行为发生实质性变化。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种集成微计算机断层扫描（μCT）图像处理和渐近均匀化（AH）的无监督机器学习方法，以准确和稳健地考虑真实微观结构作为升级过程的基础。这个过程采用偏微分方程（PDEs）系统，称为细胞问题。本文介绍了聚合垂直投影聚类（APC）方法，该方法采用k -means聚类将数据根据孔隙度划分为k组。我们还提出了一种新的基于孔隙度的周期细胞选择策略，该策略使用Halton序列为每个簇选择具有代表性的体积元素（RVE）细胞。该工作流生成用于有限元分析的RVE单元的计算网格，解决升级所需的单元问题，并计算有效导热系数。统计描述和代表性分析表明，所提出的方法在这些具有挑战性的情况下有效且准确地计算了有效属性。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced compressive strength and impact resistance in hybrid fiber reinforced ternary-blended alkali-activated concrete: An experimental, weibull analysis and finite element simulation 混杂纤维增强三元混合碱活化混凝土的抗压强度和抗冲击性能：实验、威布尔分析和有限元模拟

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100629

Tejeswara Rao Maganti , Chandra S Kandikuppa , Hari K.R. Gopireddy , Revanth Dugalam , Krishna Rao Boddepalli

This study explores hybrid fiber-reinforced alkali-activated concrete (AAHFRC) as a sustainable solution, enhancing compressive strength and impact resistance through the bridging capacity of hybrid fibers. Utilizing a specialized ternary mix with FA: GGBS: SF in a 35:50:15 ratio with the hybrid interaction of steel, polypropylene, and glass fibers demonstrates the significant improving the impact resistance performance. Experiments were conducted on the compressive strength and impact resistance of AAHFRC in accordance with ACI 544 guidelines. Experimental results demonstrated a 63 % increase in compressive strength, with the highest value of 106.38 MPa recorded for the ASG2.0 hybrid mix, along with a significant improvement in impact resistance. The hybrid fiber mixes outperformed mono-fiber mixes, achieving the highest fracture impact energy (Ef) of 56 kN-m. The synergy factor further validated the effectiveness of hybrid systems, with ASG2.0 attaining a synergy index of 1.37, surpassing mono-fiber mixes. Complementing the experimental findings, statistical Weibull analysis and finite element analysis (FEA) using ANSYS were conducted. The Weibull analysis revealed strong reliability, with an R-squared value of 0.989, indicating high consistency in impact resistance performance. Explicit dynamic analysis using FEM verified improved stress distribution, reduced deformation, and a strong correlation between experimental and simulated results, with a difference of not more than 5 %. These outcomes demonstrate the potential of AAHFRC as a sustainable, durable, and high-performance material for advanced construction applications.

本研究探讨了混合纤维增强碱活化混凝土（AAHFRC）作为一种可持续的解决方案，通过混合纤维的桥接能力提高抗压强度和抗冲击性。利用FA: GGBS: SF以35:50:15的比例与钢、聚丙烯和玻璃纤维的混杂相互作用，可以显著提高抗冲击性能。按照ACI 544标准对AAHFRC的抗压强度和抗冲击性能进行了试验研究。实验结果表明，ASG2.0混合料的抗压强度提高了63%，最高达到106.38 MPa，抗冲击性也有显著提高。混合纤维的性能优于单纤维，达到了最高的56 kN-m断裂冲击能（Ef）。协同系数进一步验证了混合系统的有效性，ASG2.0的协同指数为1.37，超过了单纤维混合材料。结合实验结果，利用ANSYS进行了统计威布尔分析和有限元分析（FEA）。Weibull分析显示可靠性较强，r平方值为0.989，表明抗冲击性能一致性较高。采用有限元法进行显式动力分析，结果表明应力分布得到改善，变形减小，实验结果与模拟结果之间有很强的相关性，差异不超过5%。这些结果证明了AAHFRC作为一种可持续、耐用和高性能的先进建筑材料的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

B-value Based Damage Source Localization and Classification Using Acoustic Emission (AE) Data for Concrete Cylinders Wrapped with Hybrid FRCM Composites 基于b值的复合材料包裹混凝土圆柱体损伤源定位与声发射分类

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100624

Nikhil Holsamudrkar, Sauvik Banerjee

Structural health monitoring (SHM) of multi-component strengthening systems, such as impregnated fiber-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites, presents significant challenges. Previous studies have focused on damage detection and classification using the acoustic emission (AE) technique. However, damage localization in such strengthened systems remains unexplored due to the varying material velocities in the fabric, pre-impregnation matrix, cementitious matrix, and concrete. This paper proposes a simplified b-value-based damage localization approach for FRCM-wrapped concrete cylinders. The study involves strengthening six concrete cylinders with pre-impregnated fabric and a spike mechanical anchorage system. Additionally, AE-based health monitoring is employed during uniaxial compression testing. The results demonstrate that mechanical anchorage and pre-impregnation improves the overall confinement capacity by about 40%–49% compared to unconfined specimens. Whereas, spatial b-value-based damage localization, implemented using a wrapped cylinder algorithm, accurately predicts severe damage locations. Furthermore, the cumulative second-order entropy trend strongly correlates with the cumulative signal strength trend, suggesting that feature-based damage detection can be considered a reliable approach.

多组分强化体系（如浸渍纤维增强胶凝基复合材料）的结构健康监测（SHM）面临着重大挑战。以往的研究主要集中在利用声发射（AE）技术进行损伤检测和分类。然而，由于织物、预浸渍基质、胶凝基质和混凝土中的材料速度不同，这种强化体系的损伤定位仍未得到探索。提出了一种简化的基于b值的frp - cm包裹混凝土柱损伤定位方法。该研究涉及用预浸渍织物和钉机械锚固系统加固六个混凝土圆柱体。此外，在单轴压缩测试期间使用基于ae的运行状况监视。结果表明：与无约束试件相比，机械锚固和预浸渍可使试件的整体约束能力提高40% ~ 49%；而使用包裹圆柱算法实现的基于空间b值的损伤定位，能够准确预测严重损伤的位置。此外，累积二阶熵趋势与累积信号强度趋势密切相关，表明基于特征的损伤检测可以被认为是一种可靠的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Use of Fourier-based frequency-wavenumber domain filtering of simulated elastic waves for damage detection in fiber/polymer composites 基于傅立叶的模拟弹性波频波数域滤波在纤维/聚合物复合材料损伤检测中的应用

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100626

Hans-Henrik Benzon, Malcolm McGugan, Xiao Chen

This study investigates the 3D propagation of elastic waves in a multi-layer carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite plate using finite element analysis (FEA) in COMSOL. Elastic wave propagation is analyzed using Fourier-based frequency-wavenumber domain filtering. Wavefields are usually a component of the velocity or displacement at the top surface of the composite, and they contain detailed information about the guided waves. Reflections from edges and wave scattering from defects can be readily identified. Applying Fourier-based techniques to the wavefields and probe time signals can reveal the state of the composite, making it possible to distinguish between a pristine composite laminate and a composite laminate with defects. 2D and 3D Fourier-based frequency-wavenumber domain filtering can separate the wave into different modes, using which the delamination zones can be located. All COMSOL models are open access (see Appendix A) to support further study on the topic.

采用COMSOL软件进行了弹性波在多层碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）复合材料板中的三维传播研究。利用傅立叶频波数域滤波分析了弹性波的传播。波场通常是复合材料顶部表面的速度或位移的一个分量，它们包含了导波的详细信息。边缘的反射和缺陷的波散射很容易识别。将傅里叶技术应用于波场和探针时间信号可以揭示复合材料的状态，从而可以区分原始复合材料层压板和有缺陷的复合材料层压板。基于二维和三维傅立叶的频波数域滤波可以将波分离成不同的模式，利用该模式可以定位分层区域。所有COMSOL模型都是开放获取的（见附录A），以支持对该主题的进一步研究。

引用次数: 0

Performance comparison of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) systems and textile reinforced mortar (TRM) for concrete confinement at elevated temperature 纤维增强聚合物（FRP）体系和纺织增强砂浆（TRM）在高温下混凝土约束的性能比较

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100628

D. Akhil Varma , Prabir K. Sarker , Mini K. Madhavan , Karingamanna Jayanarayanan

Due to the infrastructure development, retrofitting and rehabilitation techniques are gaining momentum in the construction sector. Fiber reinforced polymer and textile reinforced mortar confinement are recognized as promising techniques by the industry. The current study evaluates the effectiveness of Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) and Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) systems for confining concrete cylinders under high temperatures, utilizing jute and basalt fibers as reinforcing agents. The confinement efficiencies of TRM hybrid systems were 1.50, 1.46, 1.46 and 1.34 at temperatures of 100 °C, 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C respectively, while for the hybrid FRP system, they were 1.58, 1.47, 1.29 and 1.15 at the same temperatures after 4-hour exposure. The addition of jute fibers in TRM demonstrated a notable enhancement in residual strength, Young's modulus, and failure strain at temperatures reaching 400 °C, whereas basalt fiber-reinforced TRM systems exhibited better thermal and fire resistance. Conversely, FRP systems, which consist of jute and basalt fibers, showed reduced mechanical properties and considerable degradation under high temperatures. The results indicate that TRM systems provide a more efficient and dependable option for concrete confinement applications under high temperatures, especially when jute and basalt fibers are utilized as reinforcement materials. The exceptional efficiency of TRM confinement systems at high temperatures positions them as a viable substitute for conventional FRP confinement systems in structural applications in fire-sensitive environments.

由于基础设施的发展，改造和修复技术正在建筑部门获得动力。纤维增强聚合物和纺织增强砂浆约束技术是业界公认的有前途的技术。目前的研究评估了纺织增强砂浆（TRM）和纤维增强聚合物（FRP）系统在高温下限制混凝土圆柱体的有效性，使用黄麻和玄武岩纤维作为增强剂。在100°C、200°C、300°C和400°C温度下，TRM复合材料体系的约束效率分别为1.50、1.46、1.46和1.34，而FRP复合材料体系在相同温度下，暴露4 h后的约束效率分别为1.58、1.47、1.29和1.15。在TRM中添加黄麻纤维可以显著提高残余强度、杨氏模量和温度达到400°C时的破坏应变，而玄武岩纤维增强的TRM系统具有更好的耐热性和阻燃性。相反，由黄麻和玄武岩纤维组成的FRP系统在高温下表现出机械性能降低和相当大的退化。结果表明，TRM系统为高温下的混凝土约束应用提供了更有效和可靠的选择，特别是当黄麻和玄武岩纤维被用作增强材料时。TRM约束系统在高温下的卓越效率使其成为传统FRP约束系统在火灾敏感环境中结构应用的可行替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Broadband low-frequency diffuse sound transmission loss of multilayer composite plate-type metamaterials 多层复合板状超材料的宽带低频扩散声传输损耗

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100620

Boxin Chang , Shuaixing Wang , Gaoge Liang , Quanxing Liu , Yong Xiao

Low-frequency sound insulation is one of the most challenging problems in the field of noise control engineering because of the classical mass law. Recent studies have shown that acoustic metamaterials can achieve a sound transmission loss (STL) higher than the mass law at specific low frequencies. However, it is still difficult to realize superior STL that can deeply break the mass law over a broadband low-frequency range, especially under the excitation of diffuse field sound. To challenge this problem, we suggest a multilayer composite plate-type metamaterial (MCPM) consisting of two single-layer metamaterial plates and a sandwiched layer of porous material. The metamaterial plates are simply constructed by a thin plate attached with periodic strip masses. We present an in-depth theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the STL performance of the MCPM. The results indicate that with proper design, the MCPM can achieve an excellent diffuse STL over an ultra-broadband low-frequency range, while avoiding the significant reduction of immediately following high-frequency STL. Owing to its simple construction yet superior low-frequency diffuse sound insulation performance, the MCPM can find promising applications in noise control engineering.

由于经典的质量定律，低频隔声是噪声控制工程领域最具挑战性的问题之一。近年来的研究表明，声学超材料在特定的低频下可以实现高于质量定律的传声损失。然而，在宽带低频范围内，特别是在漫射场声的激励下，仍然难以实现能够深度打破质量定律的优质STL。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一种多层复合板型超材料（MCPM），由两个单层超材料板和一个多孔材料夹层组成。超材料板是简单地由附着周期性条形质量的薄板构成的。我们对MCPM的STL性能进行了深入的理论分析和实验验证。结果表明，通过适当的设计，MCPM可以在超宽带低频范围内实现出色的漫射STL，同时避免了紧接高频STL的显着降低。MCPM结构简单，具有良好的低频扩散隔声性能，在噪声控制工程中有着广阔的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the strain gradient effect on compressive failure of CRFP composites 应变梯度对CRFP复合材料压缩破坏影响的评价

IF 5.3 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100621

Tobias Bianchi , Jawad Naciri , Joël Serra , Christophe Bouvet , Léon Ratsifandriahana

A pin-ended buckling test inspired by Wisnom [1] was developed to evaluate the effect of strain gradient on the compressive failure strain of composite laminates. Tests were conducted on unidirectional (UD) carbon/epoxy AS4/8552, and strain measurements were obtained using digital image correlation. Various cross-ply stacking sequences, [(0/90)₂]_S, [(0/90)₄]_S, [(0/90)₈]_S, were studied and most specimens failed on the tension side due to the high compressive strength facilitated by the strain gradient, while the tensile failure strain remained unaffected by the strain gradient. To induce failure on the compression side, a novel method was developed by manufacturing bi-material specimens with an aluminum 2024 ply added to the tension side. This modification led to all bi-material specimens failing on the compression side. The results showed a Nnar increase in compressive failure strain as a function of the strain gradient. Furthermore, values reaching up to -33,000 microstrains were obtained for the thinner specimens, which is >2.5 times the compressive failure strain of -12,500 microstrains announced by the manufacturer. This behavior is new compared to other published results obtained on similarly tested materials that demonstrated a linear trend.

为了研究应变梯度对复合材料层合板压缩破坏应变的影响，建立了受Wisnom[1]启发的销端屈曲试验。对单向（UD）碳/环氧树脂AS4/8552进行了试验，并利用数字图像相关技术获得了应变测量值。研究了[(0/90)2]S、[（0/90）₄]S、[（0/90）₈]S等不同的交叉层序，结果表明，由于应变梯度带来的高抗压强度，大多数试样在拉伸侧失效，而拉伸破坏应变不受应变梯度的影响。为了诱导压缩侧的破坏，开发了一种新的方法，即在拉伸侧添加铝2024层的双材料试样。这种修改导致所有双材料试样在压缩侧失效。结果表明，压缩破坏应变随应变梯度呈Nnar增长。此外，对于较薄的试样，可获得高达-33,000微应变的值，这是制造商宣布的-12,500微应变的压缩破坏应变的>；2.5倍。与其他发表的在类似测试材料上获得的显示线性趋势的结果相比，这种行为是新的。

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引用次数: 0