Composites Part C Open Access最新文献

Confinement of MWCNTs in PA6 3D-printed fibreglass-reinforced composites to enhance piezoresistive properties 在PA6 3d打印玻璃纤维增强复合材料中限制MWCNTs以增强压阻性能

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100692

Nicolò Geneletti , Gennaro Rollo , Luca Michele Martulli , Andrea Bernasconi , Alfredo Ronca , Andrea Sorrentino , Marino Lavorgna

A continuous fibreglass (CFG)-reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) sandwich structure with self-sensing capabilities was developed by confining multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) within the material volume through a step-by-step process involving a) 3D printing of specimens with a designed porous structure, b) embedding MWCNTs onto the surface of polyamide pores swollen with acid-formic solutions containing various filler contents, and c) hot-pressing the resulting specimens to close the porosity. Sandwiched specimens, designed with top-bottom skins at control layup (no reinforcement CFG, namely “noGF”), the quasi-isotropic (with CFG oriented 0/45/90/-45°s, namely “qiGF”), and the longitudinal layup (with CFG oriented at 0°, namely “longGF”) were subjected to steady and cyclic three-point bending tests and mechanical and piezoresistive characterized. The results show a correlation between applied strain and measured electrical resistance, with a gauge factor (GF) of 23 at a strain of 0.83% for the sample containing 0.05 wt% MWCNTs. The fibre reinforcement, together with the porous sandwich design, proved effective in reducing electrical hysteresis and improving measurement repeatability. The sample containing 0.05 wt% of MWCNTs and longGF shows a significant improvement in sensing performance. These findings confirm that confining MWCNTs within 3D-printed PA6 sandwich structures is an effective strategy for enhancing the piezoresistivity.

通过将多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）限制在材料体积内，通过以下步骤逐步开发出具有自传感能力的连续玻璃纤维（CFG）增强聚酰胺6 （PA6）三明治结构：A) 3D打印具有设计多孔结构的样品；b)将MWCNTs嵌入含有各种填料含量的酸甲酸溶液膨胀的聚酰胺孔隙表面；c)热压得到的样品以关闭孔隙。采用控制铺层（无加筋CFG，即“noGF”）、准各向同性铺层（CFG取向为0/45/90/-45°s，即“qiGF”）和纵向铺层（CFG取向为0°，即“longGF”）设计的上下蒙皮夹层试件，进行了稳态和循环三点弯曲试验，并进行了力学和压阻特性表征。结果表明，施加应变与测量电阻之间存在相关性，对于含有0.05 wt% MWCNTs的样品，在应变为0.83%时，测量因子（GF）为23。事实证明，纤维增强和多孔夹层设计在减少电滞后和提高测量重复性方面是有效的。含有0.05 wt% MWCNTs和longGF的样品在传感性能上有显著改善。这些发现证实，将MWCNTs限制在3d打印的PA6夹层结构中是增强压阻性的有效策略。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental analyses and numerical modelling of dynamic three point bending behavior of hybrid formed steel-PA6LFT40 structures 混合成形钢- pa6lft40结构动态三点弯曲性能试验分析与数值模拟

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100698

Sharath Christy Anand, Amir Hajdarevic, Xiangfan Fang

This paper presents experimental study and FE prediction of hybrid steel-PA6 long fiber thermoplastic (LFT) structures under dynamic three-point bending. Using the novel hybrid forming process, steel sheet and LFT were simultaneously formed and joined. Together with hybrid U-profile, pure LFT and steel U-profiles were manufactured and tested. Results show that specific energy absorption (SEA) of hybrid profiles was 57 % higher than the combined SEA of the individual materials, due to contribution of fractured LFT material in the closed section.

Detailed FE framework was followed incorporating material characterization for Steel, LFT and adhesive into the FE simulation. Process simulations were performed and simulated fiber orientations were validated against XµCT scans and mapped onto LS-Dyna mesh. Dynamic three-point bending tests were replicated in FE simulations using the Johnson-Cook failure criterion for LFT materials. simulation results for pure steel and pure LFT profiles aligned well with experimental data. Simulations of the hybrid U-profile revealed discrepancies in energy absorption. Further analysis indicated that part of the energy was accounted for through element failure and frictional contact, which contributed to the observed deviation. This combined approach replicates experimental behavior and also provides insight into how hybrid structures distribute and absorb energy under dynamic loading.

本文对钢- pa6长纤维热塑性混合材料（LFT）结构在动态三点弯曲作用下的力学性能进行了实验研究和有限元预测。采用新型复合成形工艺，将钢板与LFT同时成形并连接。在混合u型型材的基础上，生产了纯LFT型和钢型u型型材并进行了试验。结果表明，由于LFT断裂材料在封闭截面的贡献，混合材料的比能量吸收（SEA）比单个材料的组合SEA高57%。在详细的有限元框架之后，将钢材、LFT和粘合剂的材料特性纳入有限元模拟。进行了过程模拟，并根据XµCT扫描验证了模拟的纤维方向，并将其映射到LS-Dyna网格上。采用LFT材料的Johnson-Cook破坏准则，在有限元模拟中重复了动态三点弯曲试验。纯钢和纯LFT型材的模拟结果与实验数据吻合良好。混合u型曲线的模拟揭示了能量吸收的差异。进一步分析表明，部分能量是通过元件失效和摩擦接触产生的，这导致了观测到的偏差。这种结合的方法复制了实验行为，也为混合结构在动态载荷下如何分布和吸收能量提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Hybrid artificial rattan from upcycled multi-layered packaging waste and natural fibers: Toward sustainable material innovation 由多层包装废料和天然纤维制成的混合人造藤：迈向可持续材料创新

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100705

Siraphop Raddussadee , Vitsarut Janpaen , Prompthep Komson , Walanrak Poomchalit , Ponlapath Tipboonsri , Anin Memon

This study investigates the feasibility of producing artificial rattan from multilayer plastic packaging waste from beverage cartons, combined with natural fibers, as a sustainable alternative to natural rattan. Beverage cartons consist of cardboard and a polyethylene film/aluminum foil layer known as “PolyAl,” which is difficult to degrade and recycle. To valorize this waste, PolyAl was blended with recycled linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP) at mixing ratios of 0–90 wt %, then compounded using a twin-screw extruder and injection molding. The optimal recycled polymer blend was subsequently reinforced with bamboo particles at 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt %. Polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) was also added at 0, 3, 5, and 7 wt % to improve interfacial bonding between the reinforcement and matrix. Mechanical performance was evaluated by tensile, flexural, and Izod impact tests, and the results were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), confirming significant effects of material composition on mechanical properties (p < 0.05). The optimal formulation was a 30:70 (PolyAl:PP) blend containing 5 wt % bamboo particles and 3 wt % PP-g-MA, which achieved a tensile strength of 19.60 MPa, tensile modulus of 327.78 MPa, flexural strength of 28.12 MPa, flexural modulus of 543.08 ± 31.49 MPa, and impact strength of 100.93 J/m.

本研究探讨了利用饮料纸盒的多层塑料包装废弃物与天然纤维相结合，生产人造藤的可行性，作为天然藤的可持续替代品。饮料纸盒由硬纸板和聚乙烯薄膜/铝箔层组成，称为“聚铝”，难以降解和回收。为了使这种废物增值，将聚铝与回收的线性低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）、高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）和聚丙烯（PP）以0-90 wt %的混合比例混合，然后使用双螺杆挤出机和注塑成型进行复合。最佳的再生聚合物共混物随后以0、5、10和15 wt %的竹颗粒增强。聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐（PP-g-MA）的添加量分别为0、3、5和7 wt %，以改善增强剂与基体之间的界面结合。机械性能通过拉伸、弯曲和Izod冲击试验进行评估，并使用方差分析（ANOVA）对结果进行分析，证实材料成分对机械性能有显著影响（p < 0.05）。最佳配方为竹材颗粒5 wt %， PP-g- ma 3 wt %，共混比例为30:70 (PolyAl:PP)，拉伸强度为19.60 MPa，拉伸模量为327.78 MPa，弯曲强度为28.12 MPa，弯曲模量为543.08±31.49 MPa，冲击强度为100.93 J/m。

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引用次数: 0

On the stress analysis of composite pipes and vessels subjected to internal pressure 内压作用下复合材料管容器的应力分析

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100689

Roham Rafiee, Ali Shahcheraghi

This research focuses on extending an analytical solution for the stress analysis of composite pipes and pressure vessels under internal loading based on 3D-elasticity approach. In terms of engineering applications, the developed model can be applied to any arbitrary lay-up configuration of pipes or vessels without any limitation on the number of layers. Namely, the main drawback of the previously developed analytical method which made it applicable to the case of 4-layer pipes/vessels is resolved. Ensuring the accuracy of the developed model, the results from the extended analytical method, classical lamination theory, and finite element analysis are benchmarked against one another. A parametric study is also done to analyze the influence of pipe diameter and thickness on the results. Contrasting the two theoretical methods over various thickness and radius, a better understanding of the functionality of these methods are acquired.

本研究重点扩展了一种基于三维弹性方法的复合材料管道压力容器内载应力分析的解析解。在工程应用方面，所开发的模型可以应用于任意管道或容器的分层配置，不受层数的限制。即，解决了先前开发的分析方法适用于4层管/容器的主要缺点。为了保证所开发模型的准确性，扩展分析方法、经典层压理论和有限元分析的结果相互对照。通过参数化研究，分析了管径和管厚对结果的影响。通过对两种理论方法在不同厚度和半径下的对比，可以更好地理解这两种方法的功能。

引用次数: 0

LayGrade: Design and fabrication of a layer-graded bio-based composite from wood waste LayGrade：设计和制造一种由木材废料制成的层级生物基复合材料

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100685

Giulia Pelliccia, Roberto Naboni

This study introduces a fully bio-based functionally graded composite developed from pine processing waste to enable structural and optical performance control in architectural components. Rosin, beeswax, and sawdust were combined in defined ratios to produce stratified composites exhibiting spatially tunable stiffness and translucency. Mechanical characterisation showed a progressive increase in tensile strength from 1.21 to 2.89 MPa and compressive strength from 9.19 to 39.27 MPa with increasing sawdust content (0–60 wt%), accompanied by a corresponding decrease in light transmittance. Mix-specific calibration of CNC milling parameters ensured dimensional precision and defect-free surfaces across gradients. These data informed a voxel-based computational workflow coupling material composition with adaptive machining parameters to achieve local control of mechanical and optical behaviour within a single artefact. A graded tile demonstrator validated the framework, demonstrating continuous variation in stiffness and translucency through depth-controlled fabrication. The work establishes a reproducible pathway linking bio-composite formulation, digital design, and adaptive manufacturing, advancing wood-waste upcycling toward performance-driven applications in sustainable architecture.

本研究介绍了一种从松木加工废料中开发的全生物基功能分级复合材料，用于建筑构件的结构和光学性能控制。松香、蜂蜡和锯末以确定的比例组合，产生具有空间可调刚度和半透明的分层复合材料。力学特性表明，随着木屑含量（0-60 wt%）的增加，材料的抗拉强度从1.21增加到2.89 MPa，抗压强度从9.19增加到39.27 MPa，同时透光率也相应降低。混合特定的数控铣削参数校准确保了尺寸精度和跨梯度的无缺陷表面。这些数据为基于体素的计算工作流提供了信息，该工作流将材料成分与自适应加工参数相结合，从而在单个工件中实现机械和光学行为的局部控制。分级瓷砖演示验证了框架，通过深度控制制造展示了刚度和半透明的连续变化。这项工作建立了一条可复制的途径，将生物复合材料配方、数字设计和自适应制造联系起来，将木材废料的升级回收推进到可持续建筑的性能驱动应用中。

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引用次数: 0

A stiffness programming framework for nonlinear hybrid Kresling – Yoshimura origami metastructures 非线性混合Kresling - Yoshimura折纸元结构的刚度规划框架

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100708

Islam El Ghoul , Adham Alsharkawi , Ali H. Alhadidi

Recent advancements in precise control and vibration suppression devices have created a growing demand for programmable mechanical elements. Although various origami structures have been introduced as potential candidates for this purpose, tailoring their stiffness behavior remains a significant challenge. To this end, this paper presents a systematic framework to assist in programming stiffness curves of nonlinear Kresling-Yoshimura hybrid cells under specific stiffness behaviors and geometric constraints. The framework explores all feasible combinations of geometric and mechanical parameters that contribute to the restoring force of such cells, including member lengths, diameters, and distinct shape ratios. Finite element analysis is employed to provide a practical tool to evaluate the nonlinear stiffness curves, which can be represented by cubic polynomials. Restoring force relationships are derived to ensure full recovery to the initial geometry, avoiding plastic deformation. Then, the effect of the main geometrical parameters on the linear and nonlinear stiffness coefficients is analyzed, providing a practical tool for designing the stiffness curve. The proposed hybrid cells demonstrate a high elastic deflection range, and a wide spectrum of linear and nonlinear stiffness behaviors. Comprehensive analysis proves that these hybrid origami structures hold significant promise for future implementation, with the potential to expand their operational range and accommodate diverse requirements in programmable stiffness applications.

精确控制和振动抑制装置的最新进展对可编程机械元件的需求不断增长。尽管各种各样的折纸结构已经被引入作为这一目的的潜在候选人，裁剪它们的刚度行为仍然是一个重大的挑战。为此，本文提出了一个系统的框架，以帮助规划非线性Kresling-Yoshimura混合单元在特定刚度行为和几何约束下的刚度曲线。该框架探讨了有助于这种单元恢复力的几何和机械参数的所有可行组合，包括构件长度、直径和不同的形状比。采用有限元分析为非线性刚度曲线的计算提供了一种实用的工具，非线性刚度曲线可以用三次多项式表示。导出恢复力关系，以确保完全恢复到初始几何形状，避免塑性变形。然后分析了主要几何参数对线性和非线性刚度系数的影响，为刚度曲线的设计提供了实用的工具。所提出的混合单元具有较高的弹性挠曲范围和宽谱的线性和非线性刚度行为。综合分析证明，这些混合折纸结构在未来的实施中具有重要的前景，具有扩大其操作范围和适应可编程刚度应用中不同要求的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of tool geometry and flank wear on drill temperature during CFRP machining CFRP加工过程中刀具几何形状和刀面磨损对钻温的影响

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100695

Andrii Hrechuk , Rachid M’Saoubi , Thomas Melin , Stefan Frejd , Pär Nordberg , Lennart Karlsson , Per Alm , Vyacheslav Kryzhanivskyy , Volodymyr Bushlya

Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) are a fast growing market of high performance materials and components. Thermally induced damage during machining processes such as drilling or routing are among the limiting factors for product quality, yet accurate temperature measurement remains challenging. This study develops a methodology which combines machinable thermocouples and IR thermometry techniques to measure the temperature of the drill. Proposed combination, further enhanced by careful synchronization, timestamping and postprocessing, allows fine resolution analysis of local temperature along the cutting edges. The study compares three different designs of drills and the impact of their geometry and wear on generated temperature. The results indicate that positive rake angle is a favourable geometric feature which allows to maintain lower local temperature of 129–142 °C in unworn state.

碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）是一个快速发展的高性能材料和部件市场。在加工过程中，如钻孔或走线过程中的热致损伤是产品质量的限制因素之一，但准确的温度测量仍然具有挑战性。本研究开发了一种结合可切削热电偶和红外测温技术来测量钻头温度的方法。通过仔细的同步、时间戳和后处理进一步增强了所提出的组合，可以沿着切割边缘对局部温度进行精细的分辨率分析。该研究比较了三种不同设计的钻头，以及它们的几何形状和磨损对产生温度的影响。结果表明，正前角是一个有利的几何特征，可以在未磨损状态下保持较低的局部温度（129-142℃）。

引用次数: 0

The path to virtual testing for certification of large composite wind turbine blades: Challenges, progress and insights 大型复合材料风力涡轮机叶片认证的虚拟测试路径：挑战、进展和见解

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100706

Rasmus Kaalund Schøn, Andreas Branner, Xiao Chen

Rapid innovation in wind turbine blade design has resulted in blades that exceed 150 metres in length, this progress has also intensified the challenges associated with traditional blade certification. Full-scale physical testing has become increasingly expensive, time-consuming, and ultimately a barrier to rapid innovation and market entry. These limitations motivate a shift towards virtual testing frameworks capable of delivering reliable, certifiable evidence of structural integrity and reliability of large composite blades. This issue motivates a transition towards virtual testing methods that can provide dependable, certifiable insights. Current certification procedures are reviewed, and the technology readiness to replace physical testing with virtual testing is assessed for both current and emerging technologies. The review finds that several methods are sufficiently mature to support pre-static and static test validations. However, virtual fatigue testing remains a major bottleneck due to the computational resources needed to virtually test such complex fatigue problems with sufficient accuracy and consistency to replace the physical tests. To address these constraints, this work also analysed recent advances in multiscale modelling, probabilistic and data-driven methodologies, and physics-informed neural networks. Although these techniques show strong potential on smaller-scale demonstrations, key challenges — including limited high-quality data, insufficient computational infrastructure, and concerns about model transparency — continue to impede their adoption in full-scale certification. Significant research and development are still required before virtual fatigue testing can replace conventional physical tests.

风力涡轮机叶片设计的快速创新导致叶片长度超过150米，这一进步也加剧了与传统叶片认证相关的挑战。全面的物理测试变得越来越昂贵、耗时，并最终成为快速创新和市场进入的障碍。这些限制促使人们转向能够提供可靠的、可认证的大型复合叶片结构完整性和可靠性证据的虚拟测试框架。这个问题激发了向虚拟测试方法的过渡，这种方法可以提供可靠的、可验证的见解。审查了当前的认证程序，并评估了当前和新兴技术用虚拟测试取代物理测试的技术准备情况。评审发现有几种方法已经足够成熟，可以支持预静态和静态测试验证。然而，虚拟疲劳测试仍然是一个主要的瓶颈，因为需要计算资源来虚拟测试这些复杂的疲劳问题，以足够的准确性和一致性来取代物理测试。为了解决这些限制，本工作还分析了多尺度建模、概率和数据驱动方法以及物理信息神经网络的最新进展。尽管这些技术在小规模演示中显示出强大的潜力，但主要挑战-包括有限的高质量数据，计算基础设施不足以及对模型透明度的担忧-继续阻碍它们在全面认证中的采用。在虚拟疲劳测试取代传统物理测试之前，还需要进行大量的研究和开发。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical nonlinear bending analysis of arbitrary-shaped FG-CNT-reinforced composite plates 任意形状fg - cnts增强复合材料板的非线性弯曲数值分析

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100691

Y. Gholami , R. Ansari , H. Rouhi

A unified numerical framework is presented for the nonlinear bending analysis of plates with diverse geometric configurations made of FG CNT-reinforced composite (FGCNTC). The present scheme is based on the variational differential quadrature transform (VDQ-T) method in combination with Reddy’s refined shear-deformation model and incorporating von Kármán-type geometric nonlinearity. The transformation mapping embedded in the VDQ-T enables the same formulation to accommodate any plate geometry or boundary configuration without domain-specific modification. In addition, equations are obtained using a variational principle, and expressed in a compact matrix–vector form, which greatly facilitates numerical implementation and integration with other computational algorithms. The developed approach offers high efficiency and precise convergence relative to standard finite-element methodologies. Numerical results demonstrate the strong impact of CNT dispersion pattern and plate geometry parameters on the deflection and stiffness of FGCNTC plates; CNT‑rich outer surfaces or reduction in plate slenderness yields a noticeable stiffening effect. The present formulation therefore establishes a versatile platform applicable to a wide range of nonlinear analyses of nanocomposite plates with complex geometries.

提出了一种统一的数值框架，用于FG - cnt增强复合材料（FGCNTC）不同几何结构板的非线性弯曲分析。该方案基于变分微分正交变换（VDQ-T）方法，结合Reddy的精细化剪切变形模型，并考虑von Kármán-type几何非线性。嵌入在VDQ-T中的转换映射使相同的公式能够适应任何板的几何形状或边界配置，而无需特定于域的修改。此外，利用变分原理得到方程，并以紧凑的矩阵-向量形式表示，极大地方便了数值实现和与其他计算算法的集成。与标准有限元方法相比，该方法具有较高的效率和精确的收敛性。数值结果表明，碳纳米管色散模式和板的几何参数对FGCNTC板的挠度和刚度有很强的影响；富含碳纳米管的外表面或板长细比的减少产生明显的硬化效果。因此，本公式建立了一个通用平台，适用于具有复杂几何形状的纳米复合材料板的广泛非线性分析。

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引用次数: 0

Advancements in biochar-reinforced 3D printing filaments for material extrusion: A review on material performance, sustainability, and circular economy 用于材料挤压的生物炭增强3D打印长丝的进展：材料性能、可持续性和循环经济综述

IF 7 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES

Composites Part C Open Access

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100687

Diana Rose R. Coronado , Wei-Hsin Chen , Aristotle T. Ubando

Additive manufacturing has emerged as a promising technology in the manufacturing sector. However, challenges in achieving the desired thermal and mechanical performance often result in reliance on fossil-based fillers. Biochar, a carbon-rich material derived from agricultural waste, has gained attention as an eco-friendly additive. Factors influencing the performance of biochar-reinforced polymer composite from conventional manufacturing were obtained and investigated in biochar-reinforced 3D printing filaments. With a relatively new research area, this review synthesizes recent progress and pioneering studies on applying lignocellulosic biochar for 3D printing filament for material extrusion. The parameters identified include biochar feedstock type, production method, loading level, and compatibilizers. Biochar produced at lower temperatures (<500.0 °C) enhances mechanical strength, while higher temperatures (>700.0 °C) improve thermal resistance. Successful biochar loading for 3D printing filament ranges from 0.1 to 0.6 wt% for fruit by-products biochar and up to 50 wt% for wood-derived biochar, with tensile strength, flexural strength, and modulus improved by up to 60.0 %, 82 % and 175 %, respectively. Biochar also enhances interfacial bonding with a compatibilizer, with successful biochar loading increased from 0.6 wt% to 1.0 wt%. This review also explores the broader role of biochar-reinforced 3D printing filaments in advancing a circular and carbon-neutral economy, addressing the 6 “R”s of sustainability, alongside economic considerations, including cost-effectiveness and market potential. The discussion highlights the commercial viability of biochar as a filler and its potential to support sustainable, low-impact manufacturing, positioning it as a valuable solution in the transition toward greener production systems.

增材制造已经成为制造业中一项很有前途的技术。然而，在实现理想的热和机械性能方面的挑战往往导致对化石基填料的依赖。生物炭是一种从农业废弃物中提取的富含碳的材料，作为一种环保添加剂而受到关注。通过对生物炭增强3D打印长丝的研究，获得了影响生物炭增强聚合物复合材料性能的因素。作为一个相对较新的研究领域，本文综述了木质纤维素生物炭用于材料挤压3D打印长丝的最新进展和开创性研究。确定的参数包括生物炭原料类型、生产方法、负荷水平和增容剂。在较低温度（> 500.0°C）下生产的生物炭可以提高机械强度，而在较高温度（>700.0°C）下生产的生物炭可以提高耐热性。3D打印长丝的成功生物炭负载范围为水果副产品生物炭的0.1 - 0.6 wt%，木材衍生生物炭的高达50 wt%，拉伸强度、弯曲强度和模量分别提高了60.0%、82%和175%。生物炭还通过增容剂增强了界面键合，成功的生物炭负载从0.6 wt%增加到1.0 wt%。本综述还探讨了生物炭增强3D打印长丝在推进循环和碳中和经济方面的更广泛作用，解决了可持续性的6个“R”，以及经济考虑，包括成本效益和市场潜力。讨论强调了生物炭作为填料的商业可行性及其支持可持续、低影响制造的潜力，将其定位为向绿色生产系统过渡的有价值的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0