This study aimed to describe the aetiological profile of fever without focus (FWF) in children aged one to thirty-six months and to identify clinical and laboratory predictors of specific aetiologies, especially serious bacterial infection (SBI). Methods: Children in the age range of one to thirty-six months, who were hospitalised due to FWF were included in this study. This prospective study was done over a period of 20 months in a medical college hospital in southern India. CBC (complete blood count) and CRP (c-reactive protein) tests, urine microscopic examination, blood and urine culture, Dengue antigen testing, and chest X-ray test were done for all feverish children. For those with fever beyond 5 days, additional tests including serological tests for Dengue, scrub typhus, and leptospirosis as well as Widal test were done. The final diagnosis was recorded, and clinical and laboratory parameters were analysed. Findings: Among 141 children with FWF, 41 (29%) had SBI, and 21(14.9%) had Dengue fever (DF). Leucocytosis, neutrophilia, and raised CRP levels were good predictors of SBI. Thrombocytopenia was an excellent predictor of DF. High fever was significantly associated with SBI and Dengue ( p =.004), and fever beyond 3 days at presentation was significantly associated with SBI ( p =<.001). Pyuria had a high specificity (94.5%) for identifying urinary tract infection (UTI). About 50% of UTIs were caused by extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms. Conclusion: SBI and DF were the most common causes of FWF. High fever, fever beyond 3 days at presentation, leucocytosis, neutrophilia, and a positive CRP test were predictors of SBI. Pyuria suggests UTI. Empirical antibiotic therapy should cover ESBL producing organisms. High fever and thrombocytopenia suggest Dengue fever.
{"title":"Fever without Focus in Children Aged 1 to 36 Months- Aetiological Profile and Predictors of Specific Aetiology- A Prospective Observational Study","authors":"Padmasani Venkat Ramanan, Thasma Santhanakrishnan Arunprasath","doi":"10.52547/iem.8.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.8.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to describe the aetiological profile of fever without focus (FWF) in children aged one to thirty-six months and to identify clinical and laboratory predictors of specific aetiologies, especially serious bacterial infection (SBI). Methods: Children in the age range of one to thirty-six months, who were hospitalised due to FWF were included in this study. This prospective study was done over a period of 20 months in a medical college hospital in southern India. CBC (complete blood count) and CRP (c-reactive protein) tests, urine microscopic examination, blood and urine culture, Dengue antigen testing, and chest X-ray test were done for all feverish children. For those with fever beyond 5 days, additional tests including serological tests for Dengue, scrub typhus, and leptospirosis as well as Widal test were done. The final diagnosis was recorded, and clinical and laboratory parameters were analysed. Findings: Among 141 children with FWF, 41 (29%) had SBI, and 21(14.9%) had Dengue fever (DF). Leucocytosis, neutrophilia, and raised CRP levels were good predictors of SBI. Thrombocytopenia was an excellent predictor of DF. High fever was significantly associated with SBI and Dengue ( p =.004), and fever beyond 3 days at presentation was significantly associated with SBI ( p =<.001). Pyuria had a high specificity (94.5%) for identifying urinary tract infection (UTI). About 50% of UTIs were caused by extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms. Conclusion: SBI and DF were the most common causes of FWF. High fever, fever beyond 3 days at presentation, leucocytosis, neutrophilia, and a positive CRP test were predictors of SBI. Pyuria suggests UTI. Empirical antibiotic therapy should cover ESBL producing organisms. High fever and thrombocytopenia suggest Dengue fever.","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72568581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
study aimed to investigate the of in patients of 51-100. Also, 55 patients (55%) received antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 45 (45%) cases were ART naï�ve. About 56% of patients had no opportunistic infections, and 37% had pulmonary tuberculosis. Three samples were positive in LFA, showing a prevalence of 3%, while only one of the culture samples was positive for Cryptococcus species. However, low CD4 count was found to be strongly correlated with positive serum cryptococcal antigenemia. Conclusion: The present study reveals that cryptococcal antigenemia is a health problem, and that cryptococcal antigen screening and treatment policy recommended by WHO should be performed routinely for HIV patients registered in ART centres in the current setting, especially for those who are ART naï�ve and have CD4 counts of ≤100 cells/mm
{"title":"Prevalence of Cryptococcaemia in HIV Infected Patients with CD4 Counts of ≤100 Cells/mm3-A Cross Sectional Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"P. Kaur, Japsimran Kaur","doi":"10.52547/iem.8.1.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.8.1.53","url":null,"abstract":"study aimed to investigate the of in patients of 51-100. Also, 55 patients (55%) received antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 45 (45%) cases were ART naï�ve. About 56% of patients had no opportunistic infections, and 37% had pulmonary tuberculosis. Three samples were positive in LFA, showing a prevalence of 3%, while only one of the culture samples was positive for Cryptococcus species. However, low CD4 count was found to be strongly correlated with positive serum cryptococcal antigenemia. Conclusion: The present study reveals that cryptococcal antigenemia is a health problem, and that cryptococcal antigen screening and treatment policy recommended by WHO should be performed routinely for HIV patients registered in ART centres in the current setting, especially for those who are ART naï�ve and have CD4 counts of ≤100 cells/mm","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83135182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
the 18s rRNA gene were finally sequenced. Findings: The prevalence rate of this parasite was determined to be 1.54%. The highest prevalence rate of infection and clinical symptoms were observed in women aged 31-40 years. Totally, clinical symptoms were observed in 64.70% of infected women, including vaginal itching and irritation (64.70%) and abnormal discharge (26.47%). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of Trichomonas infection was relatively low in women living in Mahshahr. In addition, about 35.29% of infected women were found to be clinically asymptomatic.
{"title":"Infection Rate and Clinical Symptoms of Trichomoniasis among Women Referring to the Hospital in Mahshahr City in Khuzestan Province, Southwest of Iran","authors":"A. Dalimi, E. Moradi, J. Sadraei, M. Pirestani","doi":"10.52547/iem.8.1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.8.1.27","url":null,"abstract":"the 18s rRNA gene were finally sequenced. Findings: The prevalence rate of this parasite was determined to be 1.54%. The highest prevalence rate of infection and clinical symptoms were observed in women aged 31-40 years. Totally, clinical symptoms were observed in 64.70% of infected women, including vaginal itching and irritation (64.70%) and abnormal discharge (26.47%). Conclusion: The prevalence rate of Trichomonas infection was relatively low in women living in Mahshahr. In addition, about 35.29% of infected women were found to be clinically asymptomatic.","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84255532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Ameyaw, I. Okyere, Taiba Jibril Afaa, R. Ameyaw, Thomas O. Konney, Patience Tuah
is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years. This study aimed to evaluate malaria and urinary tract infections among children under five years of age with malnutrition. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 189 children under five years with malnutrition. Their weight and height were measured using standard scales. Weight to height/length (wasting), weight to age (underweight), and height/length to age (stunting) ratios were computed using WHO growth charts. Clinical features were assessed. Blood smear, rapid diagnostic test for malaria, as well as urine dipstick test were done to detect those with malaria and urinary tract infections. Findings: About 80.95% of participants had marasmus, and 11.64% had marasmic kwashiorkor, while 7.41% had kwashiorkor. Also, 23.70 and 62.42% of participants had moderate and severe malnutrition, respectively; in addition, 21.69 and 2.12% were moderately and severely stunted, respectively. Regarding underweight (weight to age), 50.26 and 4.76% were moderately and severely underweight, respectively. Also, 15.87% of participants had a positive blood smear for malaria, and 19.58% had a positive rapid diagnostic test for malaria, while 20.11 and 20.63% had positive results for nitrite and leukocyte esterase activity in urine dipstick test, respectively. Conclusion: Malaria and infections are common among with malnutrition and could be diagnosed simple laboratory tests such as rapid diagnostic tests and urine dipstick tests in health facilities without laboratory support in resource-limited countries.
{"title":"Malaria and Urinary Tract Infections among Children Under five Years with Malnutrition at a District Hospital in Ghana","authors":"E. Ameyaw, I. Okyere, Taiba Jibril Afaa, R. Ameyaw, Thomas O. Konney, Patience Tuah","doi":"10.52547/iem.8.1.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.8.1.43","url":null,"abstract":"is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years. This study aimed to evaluate malaria and urinary tract infections among children under five years of age with malnutrition. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 189 children under five years with malnutrition. Their weight and height were measured using standard scales. Weight to height/length (wasting), weight to age (underweight), and height/length to age (stunting) ratios were computed using WHO growth charts. Clinical features were assessed. Blood smear, rapid diagnostic test for malaria, as well as urine dipstick test were done to detect those with malaria and urinary tract infections. Findings: About 80.95% of participants had marasmus, and 11.64% had marasmic kwashiorkor, while 7.41% had kwashiorkor. Also, 23.70 and 62.42% of participants had moderate and severe malnutrition, respectively; in addition, 21.69 and 2.12% were moderately and severely stunted, respectively. Regarding underweight (weight to age), 50.26 and 4.76% were moderately and severely underweight, respectively. Also, 15.87% of participants had a positive blood smear for malaria, and 19.58% had a positive rapid diagnostic test for malaria, while 20.11 and 20.63% had positive results for nitrite and leukocyte esterase activity in urine dipstick test, respectively. Conclusion: Malaria and infections are common among with malnutrition and could be diagnosed simple laboratory tests such as rapid diagnostic tests and urine dipstick tests in health facilities without laboratory support in resource-limited countries.","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"359 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80216165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enterococci are Gram-positive bacteria that colonize the intestine of warm-blooded animals and humans as normal flora. Enterococci cause a variety of community-acquired and nosocomial infections. The emergence of vancomycin and gentamicin resistant enterococci has made a major challenge in the treatment of enterococcal infections worldwide. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of vancomycin and gentamycin resistance among Enterococcus spp in Iran during 2007-2019. Materials & Methods: In this study, 26 studies were reviewed to collect data on the frequency of vancomycin and gentamicin resistant enterococci in Iran. To find studies published during January 2007 to January 2019, a search strategy was performed by searching different Iranian and international databases, including SID, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, Pub Med, and Web of Science. Findings:
肠球菌是革兰氏阳性细菌，在温血动物和人类的肠道中作为正常菌群定植。肠球菌引起各种社区获得性和医院感染。万古霉素和庆大霉素耐药肠球菌的出现对全世界肠球菌感染的治疗提出了重大挑战。因此，本研究旨在评估2007-2019年伊朗肠球菌中万古霉素和庆大霉素耐药性的流行情况。材料与方法:本研究回顾了26项研究，收集了伊朗万古霉素和庆大霉素耐药肠球菌的频率数据。为了查找2007年1月至2019年1月期间发表的研究，通过搜索不同的伊朗和国际数据库，包括SID, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, Pub Med和Web of Science，执行了搜索策略。发现:
{"title":"Prevalence of Vancomycin and Gentamycin Resistance among Enterococci spp. in Iran during 2007-2019: A Systematic Review","authors":"M. Arfaatabar, T. Shahbazi, Tahoora Ebrahimi","doi":"10.52547/iem.8.1.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/iem.8.1.77","url":null,"abstract":"Enterococci are Gram-positive bacteria that colonize the intestine of warm-blooded animals and humans as normal flora. Enterococci cause a variety of community-acquired and nosocomial infections. The emergence of vancomycin and gentamicin resistant enterococci has made a major challenge in the treatment of enterococcal infections worldwide. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of vancomycin and gentamycin resistance among Enterococcus spp in Iran during 2007-2019. Materials & Methods: In this study, 26 studies were reviewed to collect data on the frequency of vancomycin and gentamicin resistant enterococci in Iran. To find studies published during January 2007 to January 2019, a search strategy was performed by searching different Iranian and international databases, including SID, Google Scholar, Scopus, Medline, Pub Med, and Web of Science. Findings:","PeriodicalId":34545,"journal":{"name":"Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology","volume":"29 19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85149806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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