The scarcity of craftsmanship in our society is the result of modernist philosophies that celebrate mass production, mechanized industry, exponential economic gain and a corporate/developer-led economy. This relatively recent rupture in thousands of years of human history has led to the loss of generations of valuable knowledge and of an understanding of life stretching beyond material face value. A reconciliation between the traditional values of craftsmanship and contemporary technological advances has been at the core of my practice for over three decades. Here, the need for the “Architect Craftsman” is presented as an alternative approach to the egocentric modernist figure of the “Architect Artist” that has in recent times so widely informed our ways of building.
{"title":"The Architect-Craftsperson","authors":"Mohamad Hamouié","doi":"10.51303/jtbau.vi2.510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi2.510","url":null,"abstract":"The scarcity of craftsmanship in our society is the result of modernist philosophies that celebrate mass production, mechanized industry, exponential economic gain and a corporate/developer-led economy. This relatively recent rupture in thousands of years of human history has led to the loss of generations of valuable knowledge and of an understanding of life stretching beyond material face value. A reconciliation between the traditional values of craftsmanship and contemporary technological advances has been at the core of my practice for over three decades. Here, the need for the “Architect Craftsman” is presented as an alternative approach to the egocentric modernist figure of the “Architect Artist” that has in recent times so widely informed our ways of building.","PeriodicalId":34554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Building Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84897202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The social housing project at Persoonshaven in the Feijenoord district of Rotterdam in the Netherlands provides an adaptation of a common late 19th-century speculative house type. The changes in its appearance, spatial organization, details and structure result from standardized contemporary Dutch construction techniques and current regulations and spatial standards. The house types and building methods will be described in the context of Martin Steinmann’s characterization of traditionalist design as practiced by the Danish architect Kay Fisker.
{"title":"Persoonshaven Urban Housing, Rotterdam","authors":"H. van der Heijden","doi":"10.51303/jtbau.vi2.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi2.515","url":null,"abstract":"The social housing project at Persoonshaven in the Feijenoord district of Rotterdam in the Netherlands provides an adaptation of a common late 19th-century speculative house type. The changes in its appearance, spatial organization, details and structure result from standardized contemporary Dutch construction techniques and current regulations and spatial standards. The house types and building methods will be described in the context of Martin Steinmann’s characterization of traditionalist design as practiced by the Danish architect Kay Fisker.","PeriodicalId":34554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Building Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75364516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional towns in Portugal and Brazil have evolved a finely tuned coordination between, on the one hand, modular dimensions for street widths and lot sizes, and on the other, a typology of room shapes and layouts within houses. Despite being well documented in urban history, this coordination was in the last century often interpreted as contingent, a result of the limited material means of pre-industrial societies. But the continued application and gradual adaptation of these urban and architectural patterns through periods of industrialization and economic development suggests that they respond both to enduring housing requirements and to piecemeal urban growth. This article surveys the persistence of urban and architectural patterns up to the early 20th century, showing their resilience in addressing modern housing and urbanization requirements.
{"title":"Vernacular Patterns in Portugal and Brazil: Evolution and Adaptations","authors":"P. P. Palazzo","doi":"10.51303/jtbau.vi2.524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi2.524","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional towns in Portugal and Brazil have evolved a finely tuned coordination between, on the one hand, modular dimensions for street widths and lot sizes, and on the other, a typology of room shapes and layouts within houses. Despite being well documented in urban history, this coordination was in the last century often interpreted as contingent, a result of the limited material means of pre-industrial societies. But the continued application and gradual adaptation of these urban and architectural patterns through periods of industrialization and economic development suggests that they respond both to enduring housing requirements and to piecemeal urban growth. This article surveys the persistence of urban and architectural patterns up to the early 20th century, showing their resilience in addressing modern housing and urbanization requirements.","PeriodicalId":34554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Building Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75090671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carmen Moreno Adán, Susana Osés, Raquel Peña López and Giamila QuattroneOuled Youssef, an old ksar in the M’Hamid OasisINTBAU España, 2020
{"title":"A richly illustrated book about a worthwhile project","authors":"R. Eppich","doi":"10.51303/jtbau.vi2.540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi2.540","url":null,"abstract":"Carmen Moreno Adán, Susana Osés, Raquel Peña López and Giamila QuattroneOuled Youssef, an old ksar in the M’Hamid OasisINTBAU España, 2020","PeriodicalId":34554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Building Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82485501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2003, Estudio Urbano in partnership with master planner Leon Krier, proposed a new traditional town as an extension of Guatemala City: Ciudad Cayalá. Its goal is to create a humane, hospitable urban environment that fosters a strong sense of community, while generating local employment opportunities and a vibrant commercial and civic life. Paseo Cayalá is the first built quarter that is intended to serve as a model for future growth. It revives Guatemala’s unique architectural identity and offers a way of life radically different from the typically disconnected, car-oriented developments. The principle of mixed-use and programmatically-tuned architectural variety has laid the foundation for a robust emerging public realm. Paseo Cayalá celebrates local identity and has become a place of hope and happiness.
{"title":"Ciudad Cayalá, a New Extension of Guatemala City","authors":"M. Sánchez, Pedro Pablo Godoy, L. Krier","doi":"10.51303/jtbau.vi2.506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi2.506","url":null,"abstract":"In 2003, Estudio Urbano in partnership with master planner Leon Krier, proposed a new traditional town as an extension of Guatemala City: Ciudad Cayalá. Its goal is to create a humane, hospitable urban environment that fosters a strong sense of community, while generating local employment opportunities and a vibrant commercial and civic life. Paseo Cayalá is the first built quarter that is intended to serve as a model for future growth. It revives Guatemala’s unique architectural identity and offers a way of life radically different from the typically disconnected, car-oriented developments. The principle of mixed-use and programmatically-tuned architectural variety has laid the foundation for a robust emerging public realm. Paseo Cayalá celebrates local identity and has become a place of hope and happiness.","PeriodicalId":34554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Building Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82518555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alejandro García HermidaNueva Arquitectura Tradicional MMXXIINTBAU España, 2021
{"title":"En recuerdo y agradecimiento","authors":"Julia Villa García","doi":"10.51303/jtbau.vi2.542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi2.542","url":null,"abstract":"Alejandro García HermidaNueva Arquitectura Tradicional MMXXIINTBAU España, 2021 \u0000","PeriodicalId":34554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Building Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81208598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The traditional architecture of Ethiopia is manifold and spreads over a wide range of climatic zones and topographies, serving a diversity of societies. Within these contexts, the architectural traditions that have emerged show extraordinary quality and adaptability. All basic kinds of building construction can be found in diverse Ethiopian building cultures and types. In this paper, selected examples of this rich heritage, from massive stone buildings to nomadic tents, are presented and analyzed as regards their tectonic aspects and materials, and cultural interpretations are proposed. Our methodology is a comparison of building features, sizes, and spans together with materials, details, and resulting structural performance, based on documented traditional types. Comparison of building cultures that are similar even though ostensibly unrelated can highlight aspects of convergent development; alternatively, they may suggest unknown or underappreciated historical cultural exchanges and influence.
{"title":"Construction Aspects in Ethiopia's Architectural Traditions: A Comparative View","authors":"P. Gruber, Kingshuk Datta","doi":"10.51303/jtbau.vi2.521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi2.521","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional architecture of Ethiopia is manifold and spreads over a wide range of climatic zones and topographies, serving a diversity of societies. Within these contexts, the architectural traditions that have emerged show extraordinary quality and adaptability. All basic kinds of building construction can be found in diverse Ethiopian building cultures and types. In this paper, selected examples of this rich heritage, from massive stone buildings to nomadic tents, are presented and analyzed as regards their tectonic aspects and materials, and cultural interpretations are proposed. Our methodology is a comparison of building features, sizes, and spans together with materials, details, and resulting structural performance, based on documented traditional types. Comparison of building cultures that are similar even though ostensibly unrelated can highlight aspects of convergent development; alternatively, they may suggest unknown or underappreciated historical cultural exchanges and influence.","PeriodicalId":34554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Building Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77458370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human history is marked by a dramatic dialectic of “destruction” and “reconstruction”, the record of which has itself often been lost. Yet memories of tragic destructions and often heroic reconstructions remain ingrained in the history, archaeology, and myths of all civilizations. Whereas the predominant contemporary ideology of architecture seems to prefer “deconstruction” and the consecration of an imagery of fragmentation and desolation, the Reconstruction of Aleppo project proposes a traditional strategy of material and moral reconstruction. Such reconstruction seeks not only to repair and recompose the form and meaning of homes and places but also to allow for reconciliation and healing, as well as confidence and identity.
{"title":"The Reconstruction of Aleppo","authors":"Lucien Steil","doi":"10.51303/jtbau.vi2.514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi2.514","url":null,"abstract":"Human history is marked by a dramatic dialectic of “destruction” and “reconstruction”, the record of which has itself often been lost. Yet memories of tragic destructions and often heroic reconstructions remain ingrained in the history, archaeology, and myths of all civilizations. Whereas the predominant contemporary ideology of architecture seems to prefer “deconstruction” and the consecration of an imagery of fragmentation and desolation, the Reconstruction of Aleppo project proposes a traditional strategy of material and moral reconstruction. Such reconstruction seeks not only to repair and recompose the form and meaning of homes and places but also to allow for reconciliation and healing, as well as confidence and identity.","PeriodicalId":34554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Building Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85458334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How does the collective granary (agadir) of the Atlas survive “modernity” when everywhere else in the Maghreb it has died out? Years of research in the Atlas (in 2000–2019, identifying 300 active, disused or ruined granaries) support the notion of there being a wider community, beyond blood ties, whose identity is affirmed by the collective institution of the sacred agadir. For on fixed dates each year all the tribes with an active granary bring their offerings or gifts to the southern zawaya, on the fringes of the Sahara, and thus renew their oaths of allegiance to the great regional saints. Over the past two decades we have been able to identify more than a hundred active granaries in the Central Atlas, the High Atlas and the Anti-Atlas, and have ourselves endeavored to restore them in an attempt to ensure the survival of this emblematic resource.
{"title":"Networks of the Sacred in the Atlas: Igudar and Zawaya, Intercessory Repositories of pre-Saharan Morocco","authors":"Salima Naji","doi":"10.51303/jtbau.vi2.511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi2.511","url":null,"abstract":"How does the collective granary (agadir) of the Atlas survive “modernity” when everywhere else in the Maghreb it has died out? Years of research in the Atlas (in 2000–2019, identifying 300 active, disused or ruined granaries) support the notion of there being a wider community, beyond blood ties, whose identity is affirmed by the collective institution of the sacred agadir. For on fixed dates each year all the tribes with an active granary bring their offerings or gifts to the southern zawaya, on the fringes of the Sahara, and thus renew their oaths of allegiance to the great regional saints. Over the past two decades we have been able to identify more than a hundred active granaries in the Central Atlas, the High Atlas and the Anti-Atlas, and have ourselves endeavored to restore them in an attempt to ensure the survival of this emblematic resource.","PeriodicalId":34554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Building Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"10 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84792326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Las cúpulas de lacería constituyen una rareza dentro de la carpintería de lazo, puesto que sólo existen seis ejemplares a nivel mundial. Quizás por ello, hasta tiempos recientes, siempre escasearon los textos que permitieran la comprensión de su trazado y su sistema constructivo. Nuestra investigación trasciende el mero análisis formal de las “medias naranjas”, ya que se rastrean otras construcciones que aúnan lacería y geometría esférica. Sobre ésta existían abundantes conocimientos que apenas fueron aplicados en carpintería. Hoy, como continuación de un oficio que se pretende recuperar, proponemos el desarrollo de cúpulas basadas en la simetría poliédrica, que obedecen el estricto trazado de las ruedas de lazo, a la vez que a la lógica constructiva de la carpintería de lo blanco.
{"title":"Cúpulas en la carpintería de lazo: Historia, trazado y propuesta de desarrollo con la geometría esférica y las normas del oficio como base","authors":"Javier De Mingo García, Ángel María Martín","doi":"10.51303/jtbau.vi2.519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi2.519","url":null,"abstract":"Las cúpulas de lacería constituyen una rareza dentro de la carpintería de lazo, puesto que sólo existen seis ejemplares a nivel mundial. Quizás por ello, hasta tiempos recientes, siempre escasearon los textos que permitieran la comprensión de su trazado y su sistema constructivo. Nuestra investigación trasciende el mero análisis formal de las “medias naranjas”, ya que se rastrean otras construcciones que aúnan lacería y geometría esférica. Sobre ésta existían abundantes conocimientos que apenas fueron aplicados en carpintería. Hoy, como continuación de un oficio que se pretende recuperar, proponemos el desarrollo de cúpulas basadas en la simetría poliédrica, que obedecen el estricto trazado de las ruedas de lazo, a la vez que a la lógica constructiva de la carpintería de lo blanco.","PeriodicalId":34554,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Traditional Building Architecture and Urbanism","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82684946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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