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Investing in the intellectual potential of society: the example of Kazakhstan 投资于社会的智力潜力:以哈萨克斯坦为例
Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.26577/be-2019-3-e7
R. Sagiyeva, A. Zhuparova
Intellectual capital is the most important component of the production assets of the organization operating in the post-industrial information society. The intellectual potential of the society is determined by the following main factors: the quality of the state socio-economic policy; the genetic fund of the population; the quality of the living environment (the level and quality of life of the population, ecology, political climate, etc.) of the population in general and its individual groups in particular; the level of health of the population; the level of development of the system of education and training of the younger generation; the quality of the mechanism of motivation of the population to creative work; the structure of society and the employed population; the level of culture and national consciousness of the population. Investments in intellectual potential play a major role in its development. This article analyzes the main factors affecting the development of the intellectual potential of society since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The main purpose of the study is to analyze and study the main factors affecting the growth of investment in the intellectual capital of the society. Research methodology includes such methods of study of economic phenomena and processes: economic and statistical analysis. The results of the study will allow to study the successful experience, as well as to identify problem areas in the financing of the intellectual potential of society. The scientific and practical significance of the work lies in the fact that its main conclusions and recommendations can be used to develop effective strategies and tactical instruments of innovation policy.
知识资本是后工业信息社会中组织运作的生产资产中最重要的组成部分。社会的智力潜力由以下主要因素决定:国家社会经济政策的质量;人口的遗传基金;一般人口,特别是其个人群体的生活环境质量(人口的生活水平和质量、生态、政治气候等);人口的健康水平;年轻一代教育和培训体系的发展水平;人口从事创造性工作的动机机制的质量;社会结构和就业人口;人口的文化水平和民族意识。对智力潜力的投资在其发展中发挥着重要作用。本文分析了苏联解体以来影响社会智力潜能发展的主要因素。本研究的主要目的是分析和研究影响社会智力资本投资增长的主要因素。研究方法包括研究经济现象和过程的方法:经济分析和统计分析。研究结果将有助于研究成功的经验,并确定社会智力潜力融资方面的问题领域。这项工作的科学和实际意义在于,它的主要结论和建议可以用来制定有效的创新政策战略和战术工具。
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引用次数: 1
Do the chronically poor have more interrupted spells of poverty in transition economies? Evidence from Kazakhstan 在转型经济中,长期贫困人口是否有更多的贫困中断期?来自哈萨克斯坦的证据
Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.26577/be-2019-3-e18
A. Kudebayeva
Given the lack of longitudinal data for transition countries, and specifically for Central Asia, research on poverty has largely ignored the time dimension. This study uses panel data constructed from the rotating cross-sectional Kazakhstan Household Budget Survey for the 2001-2009 period. The panel data provides an opportunity to measure chronic poverty levels and poverty transitions for the first time in Kazakhstan. We find that, despite the rapid and substantial reduction in poverty in the country since the turn of the century, and depending on the measure of chronic poverty employed, as much as a quarter of the population has experienced persistent poverty. However, the majority of chronically poor experience interrupted poverty spells. We apply the multiple-spell hazard model analysis to shed light on factors that impact on poverty exit and re-entry. The results of these estimates confirm that families with children under age six are experiencing higher probability of entry into poverty and lower probability of exit from poverty. Policy interventions are needed to improve the situation by providing an affordable state child care system in Kazakhstan.
由于缺乏转型期国家,特别是中亚国家的纵向数据,关于贫困的研究在很大程度上忽略了时间维度。本研究使用的面板数据来自2001-2009年期间轮流横断面哈萨克斯坦家庭预算调查。面板数据首次为衡量哈萨克斯坦的长期贫困水平和贫困转型提供了机会。我们发现,尽管自世纪之交以来该国的贫困迅速和大量减少,并且根据所采用的长期贫困的衡量标准,多达四分之一的人口经历了持续的贫困。然而,大多数长期贫困的人经历了中断的贫困时期。我们运用多重风险模型分析来揭示影响贫困退出和重新进入的因素。这些估计的结果证实,有6岁以下儿童的家庭陷入贫困的可能性更高,摆脱贫困的可能性更低。需要采取政策干预措施,通过在哈萨克斯坦提供负担得起的国家儿童保育系统来改善这种情况。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis and evaluation of economic models of use and development of digital space on the example of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) 以欧亚经济联盟(EAEU)为例分析和评估数字空间使用和发展的经济模式
Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.26577/be-2019-3-e1
G. Sansyzbayeva, D. Kalybekova
This article discusses and analyzes the features of the application of economic models of digitalization of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. The current state of economies cannot be imagined without information technology and digital space. Especially this influence is felt with the advent of the Internet, mobile communications, social networks, which are constantly updated with new tools. The CIS countries are united not only geopolitically, but also have world economic relations, the most significant of which was the EurAsEC (Eurasian Economic Community), which was transformed into the EEU (Eurasian Economic Union). The Eurasian space includes, with its composition, the largest part of the territory of the former USSR, in which the mineral resources presented in the Periodic Table are concentrated. The EAEU brings together countries with the same level of economic development, a common transport and logistics system and common borders. In addition, they are on the “Great Silk Road”, which determines the unity of their economic and political goals, and also aims to create a single digital space.In accordance with the foregoing, the purpose of the study is an analytical assessment of the development model of the digital space of the EAEU for the development of the economy and science.The scientific significance of the study lies in the analysis of the activities of countries united in a single economic union in the era of digitalization and informatization.
本文讨论和分析了欧亚经济联盟国家数字化经济模式应用的特点。如果没有信息技术和数字空间,就无法想象经济的现状。尤其是随着互联网、移动通信和社交网络的出现,人们感受到了这种影响,这些网络不断更新。独联体国家不仅在地缘政治上团结一致,而且有着世界经济关系,其中最重要的是欧亚经济共同体,它被转变为欧亚经济联盟。欧亚空间以其组成包括前苏联领土的最大部分,元素周期表中列出的矿产资源集中在该领土上。EAEU将具有相同经济发展水平、共同运输和物流系统以及共同边界的国家聚集在一起。此外,他们走在“大丝绸之路”上,这决定了他们经济和政治目标的统一,也旨在创造一个单一的数字空间。根据上述内容,本研究的目的是对EAEU数字空间的发展模式进行分析评估,以促进经济和科学的发展。该研究的科学意义在于分析在数字化和信息化时代,联合在一个单一经济联盟中的国家的活动。
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引用次数: 0
New paradigm of tourism industry modernization in the digital economy conditions 数字经济条件下旅游业现代化的新范式
Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.26577/be-2019-3-e4
N. Shash, D. Pshembayeva
The article discusses the modern features of the tourism industry, its role and importance in the country's economy, the quantitative and qualitative changes that take place in this area, including the number of employees, average wages, investments, the degree of depreciation of fixed assets of tourist organizations. The article analyzes the current information state of development of the tourism industry, considers the meaningful change in business processes in tourism when introducing new information and communication technologies, shows that in the digital economy, information becomes the key and determining factor in the development of tourism activities. It is shown that in tourism the main element in the formation of tourist services is information that is consonant with the modern paradigm of the digital economy. The statistics of the development of the information and communication technology sector, which provides opportunities for the functioning of the digital economy, is presented. The characteristic of the information space of the tourism industry, the latest digital technologies that are beginning to be used in the tourism industry is given.
本文论述了旅游产业的现代特征,旅游产业在国家经济中的作用和重要性,旅游产业所发生的量变和质变,包括旅游组织的从业人数、平均工资、投资、固定资产折旧程度等。本文分析了当前旅游行业发展的信息化状况,考虑了在引入新的信息和通信技术时旅游业务流程发生的有意义的变化,表明在数字经济中,信息成为旅游活动发展的关键和决定因素。研究表明,在旅游业中,形成旅游服务的主要要素是符合现代数字经济范式的信息。介绍了信息和通信技术部门发展的统计数据,该部门为数字经济的运作提供了机会。介绍了旅游行业信息空间的特点,介绍了旅游行业开始应用的最新数字技术。
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引用次数: 1
ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED AS A FACTOR OF INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS AND COMPETITIVENESS OF THE COMPANY 经济增加值是企业投资吸引力和竞争力的重要因素
Pub Date : 2019-07-11 DOI: 10.26577/be.2019.v128.i2.013
П. Хайек, A. Байдильдина, Г. Жунисова, A. Арыстамбаева
This article discusses issues related to the assessment of the investment attractiveness and competitiveness of a company, in particular, on the example of a soft drinks sector company. The dependence of investment attractiveness and competitiveness on the size and composition of value added was established and confirmed, and the sequence of methods for analyzing value added was clarified and indicators reflecting the current state and position of the company in the market were specified. We calculate Economic Value Added and its components using pyramidal metrics system INFA which was also developed for Czech companies. The objective is to see through its decomposition the weaker or stronger spots of the company in the analyzed period. The objective is to confirm that only financially healthy companies, producing EVA, can be competitive in the long run. We show the Czech INFA metrics system can serve as a very useful indicator for competitiveness analysis of this Kazakhstan company.
本文讨论了与公司的投资吸引力和竞争力评估有关的问题,特别是以软饮料行业公司为例。建立并确认了投资吸引力和竞争力对增加价值规模和构成的依赖关系,明确了增加价值分析方法的顺序,明确了反映企业市场现状和地位的指标。我们计算经济增加值及其组成部分使用金字塔计量系统INFA,这也是为捷克公司开发的。目的是通过其分解看到公司在分析期间的弱点或长处。其目的是确认,只有财务健康的公司,生产EVA,才能在长期内具有竞争力。我们证明捷克的INFA指标体系可以作为该哈萨克斯坦公司竞争力分析的一个非常有用的指标。
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引用次数: 0
PRACTICE AND FORMATION MODELS OF PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION OF SCHOOLCHILDREN 中小学生专业定向的实践与形成模式
Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.26577/be.2019.v128.i2.018
Ш. Ташпулатов, С. Купешова, Е. Мейрханова
The lack of demand on fresh graduates on the labor market and inability to interact under conditions of market relations is one of the acute problems among young generation. Life requires the ability to choose the sphere of his professional and labor activity, focusing on the needs of society and taking into account the prospects of material well-being as well as individual and personal development, i.e. ability of professional self-determination. However, the education system is not ready to provide effective assistance to high school students in choosing a profession, since the content of professional self-determination as the goal of education has not been clarified from the perspective of governmental program, there is no scientific and pedagogical foundations, professional self-determination have not been developed in terms of updating the national school.Most of the problems of professional self-determination are investigated mainly within the framework of vocational guidance, which is often regarded as an object, rather than a means of scientific management. The main goal of the article is to cope with the use of a generalized model of choosing a profession without taking into account the individual characteristics of a high school student, the lack of a differentiated approach to students with different levels of readiness for professional self-determination, as well as informational supply in the world of professions.These circumstances make it necessary to develop a dynamic model for the development of professional self-determination for senior schoolchildren.During the research it was found that up-to-date graduates need to “to try on”, that is, it is important to make them familiarize with profession’s ‘demo-version’ before making a final decision. This allows us to offer more active project activities for high school students, as well as considering the possibility of short-term internships or entity visits for graduates.
劳动力市场对应届毕业生缺乏需求,无法在市场关系条件下互动,这是年轻一代面临的尖锐问题之一。生活需要有能力选择自己的职业和劳动活动领域,关注社会需求,考虑物质福利以及个人和个人发展的前景,即职业自决能力。然而,教育系统还没有准备好为高中生选择职业提供有效的帮助,因为作为教育目标的职业自决的内容还没有从政府计划的角度阐明,没有科学和教学基础,在更新国立学校方面,职业自决权尚未得到发展。大多数职业自决问题主要在职业指导的框架内进行调查,职业指导通常被视为一个对象,而不是科学管理的手段。这篇文章的主要目标是在不考虑高中生个人特征的情况下,使用一种通用的职业选择模式,对不同程度的学生缺乏差异化的职业自决准备,以及职业世界中的信息供应。这些情况使得有必要为高中生的职业自决发展制定一个动态的模式。研究发现,应届毕业生需要“尝试”,也就是说,在做出最终决定之前,让他们熟悉专业的“演示版”很重要。这使我们能够为高中生提供更积极的项目活动,并考虑为毕业生提供短期实习或实体访问的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF FINANCIAL STABILITY OF PROCESSES OF THE COMPANY WORKING UNDER RISKS 风险下企业经营过程财务稳定性的数学模型
Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.26577/be.2019.v128.i2.05
IrStI, Borodin A.I, Streltsova E.D, Yakovenko I.V, Бородин А.И, Стрельцова Е.Д, Яковенко И.В
The article proposes a mathematical model for estimating the probability of bankruptcy of a firm, existing under condition of uncertainty and targeted critical levels of its financial state. The subject of research is a large logistic company, working under risks of the international market. The article aims to examine the problems of a company's financial strength in the light of a breach in its work under condition of uncertainty and the issue of the irrational usage of its financial resources during a certain period of time. The data is analyzed by applying the process of a resource withdrawal from the resource container with linear trend and perturbations common for such a case. The advantage of this model is that it allows both to conduct the analytical research and to perform the modeling experiments. The data analysis over the period from 2014 to 2018 exposed the company profitability staggers caused by structure and value changes of the financial flows and, as a result, the bankruptcy risk. In this case it is necessary to develop a model, determining the probability of reaching the zero level of profitability using the business activity array data in consideration of the detected risks.
本文提出了一个估计企业破产概率的数学模型,该模型存在于不确定性和有针对性的财务状态临界水平下。研究对象是一家在国际市场风险下运作的大型物流公司。本文旨在从不确定性条件下公司工作中的违约和一定时期内公司财务资源的不合理使用问题来考察公司的财务实力问题。通过应用从资源容器中提取资源的过程来分析数据,该过程具有这种情况下常见的线性趋势和扰动。该模型的优点在于,它既可以进行分析研究,也可以进行建模实验。2014年至2018年期间的数据分析暴露了由于资金流的结构和价值变化导致的公司盈利能力停滞,从而导致破产风险。在这种情况下,有必要开发一个模型,在考虑到检测到的风险的情况下,使用业务活动阵列数据来确定达到零盈利水平的概率。
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引用次数: 0
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CREDITWORTHINESS AND STOCK MARKET DEVELOPMENT OF OIL-EXPORTING COUNTRIES 石油出口国信用与股票市场发展的关系
Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.26577/be.2019.v128.i2.011
М. Мукан, М. Исабаев
Today, the main source of economic growth is the extraction of mineral oil, although in recent years there has been a significant increase in the role of consumer demand in the domestic market. In the context of globalization, the main indicator of the economy of oil-producing countries is oil prices. However, in a period of globalization, developing countries need not only energy, but also economic resources to develop their economic situation on the global market. Thus, establishing creditworthiness is the key to attracting foreign capital. The development of the stock market is not an indicator of the country’s stable creditworthiness. This study fills the required gap, verifying with the extent to which the development of the stock market can affect creditworthiness. Moreover, the following article has strong literature review in order to identify and summarize the main factors of the creditworthiness of oil-producing countries. Although, there is not strong empirical research, the study is based on the statistical world data.
如今,经济增长的主要来源是矿物油的开采,尽管近年来消费者需求在国内市场中的作用显著增加。在全球化背景下,石油生产国经济的主要指标是石油价格。然而,在全球化时期,发展中国家不仅需要能源,还需要经济资源来在全球市场上发展其经济状况。因此,建立信誉是吸引外资的关键。股票市场的发展并不是该国稳定信用的指标。这项研究填补了所需的空白,验证了股票市场的发展对信用的影响程度。此外,以下文章对文献进行了有力的回顾,以确定和总结影响产油国信用的主要因素。尽管没有强有力的实证研究,但这项研究是基于世界统计数据。
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引用次数: 0
INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RAILWAY SERVICE 铁路服务的创新发展
Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.26577/be.2019.v128.i2.02
Г. Сактаганова, A. Карипова, Л. А. Легостаева
One of the main trends of modern reality is the rapid growth rate of the service sector. The modern level of development of the leading countries of the world shows the dynamic development of the service sector and their market, and the level of development of the service sector is a criterion of social progress.The development of the service sector and its improvement in meeting the needs of society are directly related to innovation. Also one of the indicators of the development of the service sector is the competitiveness of services, which is associated with the level of innovation in each service enterprise. The purpose of the study is to determine the prospects for the development of new forms and methods of customer service of JSC «Kazakhstan Temir Zholy» on the basis of innovative activity.The processes of globalization and changing technological structures form modern challenges for railway transport.The development of information and telecommunication systems, high-speed rail transportation technologies, globalization and optimization of logistics chains with the integration of various types of transport create the prerequisites and opportunities for a fundamental transformation of railway transport.When writing the article, the works of domestic and foreign scientists, materials of scientific and practical conferences, information resources of the Internet were used. The article discusses the innovative activity of the enterprise, innovative forms of service of JSC «Kazakhstan Temir Zholy». Proposed measures to improve the innovative forms of service JSC «Kazakhstan Temir Zholy».
现代现实的主要趋势之一是服务业的快速增长。世界领先国家的现代发展水平表明了服务业及其市场的动态发展,服务业的发展水平是社会进步的标准。服务业的发展及其在满足社会需求方面的改进与创新直接相关。服务业发展的指标之一也是服务业的竞争力,这与每个服务企业的创新水平有关。本研究的目的是在创新活动的基础上,确定哈萨克斯坦Temir Zholy股份公司客户服务新形式和新方法的发展前景。全球化进程和不断变化的技术结构对铁路运输构成了现代挑战。信息和电信系统的发展、高速铁路运输技术、全球化和物流链优化以及各种运输方式的整合,为铁路运输的根本转型创造了先决条件和机遇。在撰写这篇文章时,使用了国内外科学家的作品、科学与实践会议的材料、互联网的信息资源。文章讨论了企业的创新活动,哈萨克斯坦Temir Zholy股份公司的创新服务形式。提出了改进哈萨克斯坦Temir Zholy股份公司创新服务形式的措施。
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引用次数: 0
AGILE METHODOLOGY OF HUMAN CAPITAL MANAGEMENT 敏捷的人力资本管理方法
Pub Date : 2019-06-25 DOI: 10.26577/be.2019.v128.i2.04
Дж. Натан, С. Калиева, Б. Байсалова
Such topics as innovations, project management, and Agile are incredibly relevant in the context of scientific researches in the business community. However, an approach at the junction of these concepts not theoretically developed, as well as it turned out that there are not so many successful «best practices» of their correct usage and combining to obtain a cumulative synergetic effect. At the same time, the practice shows that many approaches to the agile philosophy are firmly rooted in mind and become an essential factor in the success of the projects and business initiatives. The purpose of this article is to study international experience in the implementation and application of methods of flexible human resources management. This article illustrates some of the profound changes that companies are making in their practices and describes the challenges they face in transitioning to flexible human resource management. Because HRM affects every aspect–and every employee-of the organization, its flexible transformation can be even more extensive (and more complex) than changes in other functions. Therefore, the following areas are considered: performance appraisal, training, team, independent decision-making, complex team dynamics, remuneration, recruitment, training and development, problems. It is shown that the introduction of a project management system is a necessary condition for the development of the company in a constantly changing environment. Due to the flexible approach to the implementation of the project management system, companies can develop a project management system for their needs and business needs. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of using flexible project management methodologies in different conditions. The obtained theoretical and practical results in the course of research can be used to expand the theoretical and methodological basis of the problem of the labor market and human capital management.
创新、项目管理和敏捷等主题在商业社区的科学研究环境中有着不可思议的相关性。然而,在这些概念的交汇处的方法并没有在理论上发展起来,而且事实证明,并没有那么多成功的“最佳实践”来正确使用它们并将其结合起来以获得累积的协同效应。与此同时,实践表明,敏捷哲学的许多方法已牢固地扎根于头脑中,并成为项目和业务计划成功的基本因素。本文的目的是研究柔性人力资源管理方法的实施和应用的国际经验。本文说明了公司在实践中正在进行的一些深刻的变化,并描述了他们在向灵活的人力资源管理过渡时所面临的挑战。因为人力资源管理影响到组织的每一个方面和每一个员工,它的灵活转变可能比其他功能的变化更广泛(也更复杂)。因此,考虑以下几个方面:绩效考核、培训、团队、独立决策、复杂的团队动态、薪酬、招聘、培训和发展、问题。研究表明,项目管理系统的引入是公司在不断变化的环境中发展的必要条件。由于项目管理系统的实施方法灵活,公司可以根据自己的需要和业务需要开发项目管理系统。特别注意在不同条件下使用灵活的项目管理方法的可能性。在研究过程中所获得的理论和实践成果可用于拓展劳动力市场和人力资本管理问题的理论和方法基础。
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引用次数: 1
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