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California’s cap-and-trade program: is it effective in advancing social, economic, and environmental equity? 加州的限额与交易计划:它在促进社会、经济和环境公平方面是否有效?
IF 1.4 4区 法学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1108/pap-06-2022-0069
Alvin Holliman, Kimberly Collins
PurposeCompanies affected by California’s cap-and-trade legislation are allotted certain credits for production that can be used or sold and can purchase additional credits from the state, which become a revenue source to be used for activities that reduce carbon emissions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate who ultimately pays for this program, its effectiveness in reducing carbon emissions in accordance with established goals, and the related effectiveness to advance social, economic, and environmental equity.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used for this research is secondary data analysis, triangulating three sources: California’s Climate Change Investment Reports, 2019-2021; repositories maintained by the California High-Speed Rail Authority and the California Air Resources Board; and a review of the literature and websites from other professional sources which addressed, directly and indirectly, the topics and questions explored in the study.FindingsKey findings include evidence of enhancing social and environmental equity but ineffectiveness in reducing carbon emissions in accordance with state goals. Furthermore, the program displays evidence of economic inequity as it demonstrates characteristics of regressive taxation and an inability of low-income persons to acquire electric vehicles due to high costs.Originality/valueThe research effort is unique in that no other academic efforts were located which attempt to examine the cap-and-trade program’s effectiveness in attaining its goals.
目的受加州总量控制与交易法案影响的公司被分配了一定的生产信用额度,这些信用额度可以使用或出售,并且可以从该州购买额外的信用额度,这些信用额度将成为用于减少碳排放活动的收入来源。本文的目的是调查谁最终为这个项目买单,它在按照既定目标减少碳排放方面的有效性,以及在促进社会、经济和环境公平方面的相关有效性。设计/方法/方法本研究使用的方法是二次数据分析,三角测量三个来源:加州气候变化投资报告,2019-2021;由加州高速铁路局和加州空气资源委员会维护的储存库;并回顾其他专业来源的文献和网站,这些文献和网站直接或间接地解决了本研究中探讨的主题和问题。主要发现包括增强社会和环境公平的证据,但在根据国家目标减少碳排放方面效果不彰。此外,该计划还显示了经济不平等的证据,因为它显示了累退税收的特征,以及低收入人群因成本高而无法购买电动汽车。独创性/价值这项研究的独特之处在于,没有其他学术研究试图检验限额与交易计划在实现其目标方面的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of customised capacity building on employee engagement, empowerment, and learning in Ghanaian local government institutions 定制能力建设对加纳地方政府机构员工参与、赋权和学习的影响
IF 1.4 4区 法学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.1108/pap-06-2022-0068
E. Annan-Prah, R. P. Andoh
PurposeCustomised capacity building is thought to be essential for organisations. However, empirical studies are lacking with respect to its effect on employee outcomes. This study aims to examine the effect of customised capacity building on employee outcomes including employee empowerment and employee engagement through employee learning in Ghanaian local government institutions.Design/methodology/approachValid responses from 281 employees of Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies (MMDAs) in Ghana were collected through a survey. A structural equation model was used to analyse the data and test the hypotheses formulated.FindingsThe results showed that customised capacity building has an effect on employee learning, employee empowerment, and employee engagement. Employee learning also had an effect on employee empowerment and employee engagement. In addition, employee learning partially mediated the effect of customised capacity building on both employee empowerment and employee engagement.Originality/valueThis study is of particular relevance to public organisations. As there is a dearth of studies focusing on customised capacity building, this study provides insight into incorporating the phenomenon into public sector organisations to enhance employee learning, empowerment and engagement.
有针对性的能力建设被认为对组织至关重要。然而,关于其对员工绩效的影响,缺乏实证研究。本研究旨在通过加纳地方政府机构的员工学习,检验定制能力建设对员工成果的影响,包括员工授权和员工敬业度。设计/方法/方法通过一项调查收集了来自加纳大都会、市政和地区议会(mmda) 281名雇员的有效回答。结构方程模型用于分析数据和检验所提出的假设。研究结果表明,定制化能力建设对员工学习、员工授权和员工敬业度都有影响。员工学习对员工授权和员工敬业度也有影响。此外,员工学习部分中介了定制化能力建设对员工授权和员工敬业度的影响。独创性/价值这项研究与公共机构特别相关。由于缺乏针对定制能力建设的研究,本研究提供了将这一现象纳入公共部门组织以增强员工学习,授权和参与的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction to the special issue 特刊简介
4区 法学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1108/pap-06-2023-125
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引用次数: 0
Editorial Preface to the special issue 特刊社论序言
4区 法学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1108/pap-06-2023-124
Bernard Fortz, Luce Brotcorne
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the role of policy actors in the implementation of social distancing: a case of COVID-19 in Pakistan 探讨政策行为体在实施社会距离中的作用:巴基斯坦的一个COVID-19病例
IF 1.4 4区 法学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.1108/pap-04-2022-0033
Muhammad Fayyaz Nazir, Ellen Wayenberg, Shahzadah Fahed Qureshi
PurposeAt the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the absence of pharmaceutical agents meant that policy institutions had to intervene by providing nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). To satisfy this need, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued policy guidelines, such as NPIs, and the government of Pakistan released its own policy document that included social distancing (SD) as a containment measure. This study explores the policy actors and their role in implementing SD as an NPI in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted the constructs of Normalization Process Theory (NPT) to explore the implementation of SD as a complex and novel healthcare intervention under a qualitative study design. Data were collected through document analysis and interviews, and analysed under framework analysis protocols.FindingsThe intervention actors (IAs), including healthcare providers, district management agents, and staff from other departments, were active in implementation in the local context. It was observed that healthcare providers integrated SD into their professional lives through a higher level of collective action and reflexive monitoring. However, the results suggest that more coherence and cognitive participation are required for integration.Originality/valueThis novel research offers original and exclusive scenario narratives that satisfy the recent calls of the neo-implementation paradigm, and provides suggestions for managing the implementation impediments during the pandemic. The paper fills the implementation literature gap by exploring the normalisation process and designing a contextual framework for developing countries to implement guidelines for pandemics and healthcare crises.
在2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行爆发期间,药物代理的缺失意味着政策机构不得不通过提供非药物干预措施进行干预。为了满足这一需求,世界卫生组织(世卫组织)发布了国家行动计划等政策指导方针,巴基斯坦政府发布了自己的政策文件,其中包括将保持社交距离作为一项遏制措施。本研究探讨了在2019冠状病毒病大流行背景下,政策行为者及其在实施可持续发展作为新产品导入方面的作用。设计/方法/方法本研究采用归一化过程理论(NPT)的结构,在定性研究设计下,探讨可持续发展作为一种复杂而新颖的医疗保健干预措施的实施。通过文献分析和访谈收集数据,并根据框架分析方案进行分析。调查结果:干预行为者(IAs),包括医疗保健提供者、地区管理代理人和其他部门的工作人员,在当地环境中积极参与实施。我们观察到,卫生保健提供者通过更高水平的集体行动和反身性监测,将可持续发展融入他们的职业生活。然而,结果表明,整合需要更多的连贯性和认知参与。独创性/价值这项新颖的研究提供了新颖和独特的情景叙述,满足了新实施范式的最新要求,并为管理大流行期间的实施障碍提供了建议。这篇论文通过探索正常化过程和为发展中国家实施流行病和卫生保健危机指导方针设计一个上下文框架,填补了实施方面的文献空白。
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引用次数: 0
An analysis of policies, challenges and outcomes in Pakistan through co-creation of COVID-19 responses 通过共同制定COVID-19应对措施,分析巴基斯坦的政策、挑战和成果
IF 1.4 4区 法学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.1108/pap-05-2022-0041
A. Rizwan, S. Naveed, Yaamina Salman
PurposeBased on the service eco-systems perspective, this paper evaluates the strategies and actions adopted by the Government of Pakistan to handle the COVID-19 crisis with the involvement of multiple actors including public, private, third-sector organizations and civil society.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on an in-depth analysis of secondary sources including research articles, policy documents, policy briefs, governmental reports, third party evaluations/reports and media publications.FindingsA multi-stakeholder approach was evident during the pandemic with an effort to better manage the crisis which has exerted immense social, cultural, economic and political impacts on the lives of the citizens. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders (government, private and third sector) were witnessed, resulting in a coherent response. The successful management of COVID-19 in Pakistan is attributed to multiple factors including the formation of a specialized public organization which effectively and proactively took data-driven informed decisions and aggregated the efforts of the federal and provincial governments for a timely response.Originality/valueThis paper gives insights for policymakers to create a sustainable post-pandemic socio-economic environment by building resilient structures across the government while promoting cooperation and collaboration. It suggests strategies for policymakers responsible for providing sustainable societal solutions to combat the social, economic and administrative challenges under the pandemic. As Pakistan has managed and contained the pandemic in a relatively efficient way, it is hoped that this paper can provide a learning experience for other countries with similar national contexts.
基于服务生态系统的视角,本文评估了巴基斯坦政府在公共、私营、第三部门组织和民间社会等多方参与下应对COVID-19危机所采取的战略和行动。设计/方法/方法本文基于对二手资料的深入分析,包括研究文章、政策文件、政策简报、政府报告、第三方评估/报告和媒体出版物。在大流行病期间,多方利益攸关方采取了明显的做法,努力更好地管理这场对公民生活产生巨大社会、文化、经济和政治影响的危机。目睹了利益攸关方(政府、私营和第三部门)之间的合作努力,产生了一致的反应。巴基斯坦成功应对新冠肺炎疫情得益于多个因素,包括组建了一个专门的公共组织,有效、主动地根据数据做出明智决策,并汇集了联邦和省政府的努力,及时作出应对。原创性/价值本文为政策制定者提供了见解,以便通过在整个政府中建立弹性结构,同时促进合作和协作,创造可持续的大流行后社会经济环境。报告为负责提供可持续社会解决方案的决策者提出了战略建议,以应对疫情下的社会、经济和行政挑战。巴基斯坦以相对有效的方式管理和控制了疫情,希望本文能够为其他具有类似国情的国家提供学习经验。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the effectiveness of government intervention strategies to control and prevent COVID-19 in Malaysia by systems thinking 用系统思维评价马来西亚政府干预策略控制和预防新冠肺炎的有效性
IF 1.4 4区 法学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-27 DOI: 10.1108/pap-04-2022-0034
J. Cheng, F. Mohamad, P. Tamyez, Z. Kamaruzzaman, M. Zainudin, F. Zulkipli
PurposeThis paper aims to identify the interaction of different intervention strategies implemented in Malaysia towards flattening the curve of COVID-19 cases. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, many approaches were adopted and implemented by the Malaysian government. Some strategies gained quick wins but with negative unintended consequences after execution, whereas other strategies were slow to take effect. Learning from the previous strategies is pivotal to avoid repeating mistakes.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents the cause, effect of and connection among the implemented COVID-19 intervention strategies using systems thinking through the development of a causal loop diagram. It enables the visualisation of how each implemented strategy interacted with each other and collectively decreased or increased the spread of COVID-19.FindingsThe results of this study suggested that it is not only essential to control the spread of COVID-19, but also to prevent the transmission of the virus. The Malaysian experience has demonstrated that both control and preventive strategies need to be in a state of equilibrium. Focusing only on one spectrum will throw off the balance, leaving COVID-19 infection to escalate rapidly.Originality/valueThe developed feedback loops provided policy makers with the understanding of the merits, pitfalls and dynamics of prior implemented intervention strategies before devising other effective intervention strategies to defuse the spread of COVID-19 and prepare the nation for recovery.
目的本文旨在确定马来西亚实施的不同干预策略对COVID-19病例曲线扁平化的相互作用。新冠肺炎疫情发生以来,马来西亚政府采取并实施了许多措施。一些策略获得了快速的胜利,但在执行后却产生了意想不到的负面后果,而另一些策略见效缓慢。从以前的策略中学习是避免重复错误的关键。设计/方法/方法本文采用系统思维,通过绘制因果循环图,展示了实施的COVID-19干预策略之间的因果关系和联系。它使每个实施的战略如何相互作用以及如何共同减少或增加COVID-19的传播可视化。研究结果表明,这不仅对控制新冠病毒的传播至关重要,而且对防止病毒的传播至关重要。马来西亚的经验表明,控制和预防战略都需要处于平衡状态。只关注一个频谱将打破平衡,使COVID-19感染迅速升级。制定的反馈循环使政策制定者能够了解先前实施的干预策略的优点、缺陷和动态,然后制定其他有效的干预策略,以化解COVID-19的传播,并为国家的复苏做好准备。
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引用次数: 0
Life skills for resilient leadership during pandemic times: the current and ancient Indian perspectives 疫情期间坚韧领导的生活技能:当前和古代印度人的观点
IF 1.4 4区 法学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-20 DOI: 10.1108/pap-04-2022-0032
M. Bansal, Surbhi Kapur
PurposeLeaders today are continuously seeking models to navigate through the challenges posed by the pandemic times, so as to help the organizations flourish in the volatile business environment. This paper attempts to explore the alignment of insights drawn from the ancient Indian scripture, the Bhagavad Gita, with today’s leadership requirements, towards the betterment of both the leaders and organizations.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach with thematic analysis is used to identify leadership qualities pertinent in difficult times through interviews with 15 employees at leadership positions. It establishes the alignment of the qualities with the sapient advice from the Holy Scripture, maneuvered by today’s leaders to become more purposeful and impactful.FindingsThe discernments from the Bhagavad Gita holistically entwine the emotional, intellectual and spiritual aspects of resilient leaders and provide guidance on the leaders’ attitude towards work, behaviour and self management, to help steer through the challenging environment. With turbulent changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, conventional leadership skills would be outmoded, and hence the leaders need to strengthen the critical shifts in their own established sets of attitudes as well as that of their workforce.Originality/valueUnder the changing work environment, while the new leadership narrative of the world beyond takes shape, this study delves both into ancient Indian wisdom and current opinion to identify a template of workable practices that would differentiate extraordinary leaders from the rest.
今天的领导人不断寻求模式,以应对大流行病时期带来的挑战,从而帮助各组织在动荡的商业环境中蓬勃发展。本文试图探索从古印度经典《博伽梵歌》中汲取的见解与当今领导要求的一致性,以改善领导者和组织。设计/方法/方法采用主题分析的定性方法,通过对15名处于领导职位的员工的采访,确定与困难时期相关的领导素质。它将这些品质与《圣经》中睿智的建议结合在一起,被今天的领导人运用,变得更有目的、更有影响力。《博伽梵歌》的洞见全面地将富有弹性的领导者的情感、智力和精神方面结合在一起,并为领导者的工作态度、行为和自我管理提供指导,帮助他们度过充满挑战的环境。随着2019冠状病毒病大流行期间的动荡变化,传统的领导技能将过时,因此领导者需要加强对自己和员工的既定态度的重大转变。原创性/价值在不断变化的工作环境下,当新的领导叙事的世界之外的形状,本研究深入研究了古印度的智慧和当前的意见,以确定一个模板的可行做法,将区分卓越的领导者与其他人。
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引用次数: 0
Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic: strategies and challenges for an aging society in Japan 新冠肺炎大流行的教训:日本老龄化社会的战略和挑战
IF 1.4 4区 法学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1108/pap-10-2022-0123
T. Hasegawa, Koki Hirata, Kunichika Matsumoto
PurposeThis article analyzes the challenges of infectious disease control under a super-aged society through Japan’s experience with COVID-19.Design/methodology/approachThis article provides an overview of Japan’s COVID-19 measures and their characteristics, discusses their successes and failures, and identifies future challenges.FindingsJapan’s basic strategy for COVID-19 consists of three parts: the border defense (Stage 1), slowing down the spread (Stage 2), and damage control (Stage 3). One key policy feature in Stage 2 and Stage 3 is based on “voluntary restriction”. It had a certain effect, but it was prolonged with each recurring “wave of infection”, resulting in economic exhaustion and people’s dissatisfaction. Thus, the effect of the voluntary restriction has weakened, while the percentage of people who have been vaccinated is improving, making it difficult to predict the damage of the next “wave”. Under the hyper-aged society, it was necessary to identify and protect particularly vulnerable areas, i.e., psychiatry hospitals, chronic care hospitals, and long term care (LTC) facilities. On the other hand, secondary impacts extend to young people. The most serious one is the decrease in births which further accelerates the aging of society.Originality/valueThis study is original as it investigated why Japan’s unique countermeasures against COVID-19 without mandatory lockdown worked well for a considerable period. It also revealed that secondary impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic are broader and more significant than the direct loss of life, and that the social system, especially super-aged society with many vulnerable areas should be reformed in consideration of the threat of infectious diseases. Lessons from the Japanese case may contribute to other countries.
目的通过日本应对新冠肺炎的经验,分析超老年社会传染病控制的挑战。设计/方法/方法本文概述了日本的新冠肺炎措施及其特点,讨论了其成功与失败,并确定了未来的挑战。发现日本应对新冠肺炎的基本战略包括三个部分:边境防御(第一阶段)、减缓传播(第二阶段)和损失控制(第三阶段)。第二阶段和第三阶段的一个关键政策特征是基于“自愿限制”。它有一定的效果,但随着每一次反复出现的“感染浪潮”,它都会延长,导致经济疲惫和人们的不满。因此,自愿限制的影响已经减弱,而接种疫苗的人的比例正在提高,这使得很难预测下一波“浪潮”的损害。在老龄化社会下,有必要确定和保护特别脆弱的地区,即精神病医院、慢性病护理医院和长期护理设施。另一方面,次要影响扩大到年轻人。最严重的是出生率的下降,这进一步加速了社会的老龄化。原创/价值这项研究是原创的,因为它调查了为什么日本在没有强制封锁的情况下应对新冠肺炎的独特对策在相当长的一段时间内效果良好。它还表明,新冠肺炎疫情的二次影响比直接的生命损失更广泛、更重要,社会制度,特别是有许多脆弱地区的老年社会,应在考虑到传染病威胁的情况下进行改革。日本案件的教训可能对其他国家有所帮助。
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引用次数: 0
The Ontology of Well-Being in Social Policy and Welfare Practice 社会政策与福利实践中的福利本体论
IF 1.4 4区 法学 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-18142-9
S. Smith
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引用次数: 0
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Public Administration and Policy-An Asia-Pacific Journal
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