Fundamental Research最新文献_第5页

Compact source for quadripartite deterministically entangled optical fields 四方定纠缠光场的紧凑源

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.11.006

Yanhong Liu , Yaoyao Zhou , Liang Wu , Jiliang Qin , Zhihui Yan , Xiaojun Jia

Since entangled multiple optical fields were identified as the building blocks of quantum networks, the quadripartite entangled optical fields have been produced by using four degenerate optical parametric amplifiers or two nondegenerate optical parametric amplifiers (NOPAs). However, realizing an efficient and compact source for multiple quantum users has remained an outstanding challenge, hindering their practical applications. Here, we proposed a compact and feasible scheme to deterministically entangle four spatially separated optical fields, employing only a single NOPA. Accordingly, two-sided output NOPA-based optical fields were coupled on a beam splitter network to form the quadripartite entangled state, causing the deterministic generation of both the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) and the linear cluster states in this compact entanglement source. We also obtained the optimal experimental parameters based on the simulation results, thereby providing a direct reference for experimental implementation. Our findings propose that the resultant GHZ and linear cluster states can be potentially applied in quantum-enhanced information science, specifically in quantum secret sharing, controlled quantum teleportation networks, and quantum-entangled atomic ensemble networks.

{"title":"Compact source for quadripartite deterministically entangled optical fields","authors":"Yanhong Liu , Yaoyao Zhou , Liang Wu , Jiliang Qin , Zhihui Yan , Xiaojun Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since entangled multiple optical fields were identified as the building blocks of quantum networks, the quadripartite entangled optical fields have been produced by using four degenerate optical parametric amplifiers or two nondegenerate optical parametric amplifiers (NOPAs). However, realizing an efficient and compact source for multiple quantum users has remained an outstanding challenge, hindering their practical applications. Here, we proposed a compact and feasible scheme to deterministically entangle four spatially separated optical fields, employing only a single NOPA. Accordingly, two-sided output NOPA-based optical fields were coupled on a beam splitter network to form the quadripartite entangled state, causing the deterministic generation of both the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) and the linear cluster states in this compact entanglement source. We also obtained the optimal experimental parameters based on the simulation results, thereby providing a direct reference for experimental implementation. Our findings propose that the resultant GHZ and linear cluster states can be potentially applied in quantum-enhanced information science, specifically in quantum secret sharing, controlled quantum teleportation networks, and quantum-entangled atomic ensemble networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 132-137"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44809320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strong absorption in ultra-wide band by surface nano engineering of metallic glass 金属玻璃表面纳米工程的超宽带强吸收

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.017

Jianan Fu , Xin Li , Zhen Li , Fei Sun , Wenxin Wen , Jinlai Zhao , Wenqing Ruan , Shuai Ren , Zhenxuan Zhang , Xiong Liang , Jiang Ma

Broadband light absorption is important for applications such as infrared detectors, solar energy collectors, and photothermal conversion. We propose a facile and common strategy to fabricate light absorbers with strong ultra-wideband absorption. Due to their excellent thermoplastic forming ability, metallic glasses could be patterned into finely arranged nanowire arrays, which show extremely low reflectivity (∼0.6%) in the visible and near-infrared regimes, and a low reflectivity (∼15%) in the mid-infrared regime as caused by multiscale nano spacing, multiple reflections, and plasmonic behavior. The strong absorption at surfaces with nanowires provides excellent photothermal conversion properties. The photothermal properties show that a surface with nanowires can be rapidly heated up to ∼160 °C at a rate of 28.75 °C/s, which is 30 times higher than smooth surfaces. Meanwhile, a surface with nanowires shows a high photothermal conversion efficiency (η_PT = 56.36%). The fabricated metallic glass absorbers exhibit adaptability as they can be easily formed into various complex shapes and meet the requirements under harsh conditions. The outcomes of our research open the door to manufacturing high-performance absorbers for applications in photothermal electric power generation, desalination, and photodetectors.

{"title":"Strong absorption in ultra-wide band by surface nano engineering of metallic glass","authors":"Jianan Fu , Xin Li , Zhen Li , Fei Sun , Wenxin Wen , Jinlai Zhao , Wenqing Ruan , Shuai Ren , Zhenxuan Zhang , Xiong Liang , Jiang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Broadband light absorption is important for applications such as infrared detectors, solar energy collectors, and photothermal conversion. We propose a facile and common strategy to fabricate light absorbers with strong ultra-wideband absorption. Due to their excellent thermoplastic forming ability, metallic glasses could be patterned into finely arranged nanowire arrays, which show extremely low reflectivity (∼0.6%) in the visible and near-infrared regimes, and a low reflectivity (∼15%) in the mid-infrared regime as caused by multiscale nano spacing, multiple reflections, and plasmonic behavior. The strong absorption at surfaces with nanowires provides excellent photothermal conversion properties. The photothermal properties show that a surface with nanowires can be rapidly heated up to ∼160 °C at a rate of 28.75 °C/s, which is 30 times higher than smooth surfaces. Meanwhile, a surface with nanowires shows a high photothermal conversion efficiency (<em>η<sub>PT</sub></em> = 56.36%). The fabricated metallic glass absorbers exhibit adaptability as they can be easily formed into various complex shapes and meet the requirements under harsh conditions. The outcomes of our research open the door to manufacturing high-performance absorbers for applications in photothermal electric power generation, desalination, and photodetectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 307-314"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45586129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards reliable object representation via sparse directional patches and spatial center cues 基于稀疏方向补丁和空间中心线索的可靠对象表示

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.001

Muwei Jian , Hui Yu

In the process of image understanding, the human visual system (HVS) performs multiscale analysis on various objects. HVS primarily focuses on marginally conspicuous image patches located within or around distinct objects rather than scanning the image pixels point by point. Inspired by the HVS mechanism, in this paper, we aimed to describe and exploit multiscale decomposition-based patch detection models for automatic visual feature representation and object localization in images. Our investigation into mimicking and modeling the HVS to capture conspicuous sparse patches and their spatial distribution clues makes a profound contribution to the automatic comprehension and characterization of images by machines. This study demonstrates that the sparse patch-based visual representation with spatial center cues is intrinsically tolerant to object positioning and understanding beyond object variations in spatial position, multiresolution, and chrominance, which has significant implications for many vision-based automatic object grabbing and perception applications, such as robotics, human‒machine interaction, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).

{"title":"Towards reliable object representation via sparse directional patches and spatial center cues","authors":"Muwei Jian , Hui Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the process of image understanding, the human visual system (HVS) performs multiscale analysis on various objects. HVS primarily focuses on marginally conspicuous image patches located within or around distinct objects rather than scanning the image pixels point by point. Inspired by the HVS mechanism, in this paper, we aimed to describe and exploit multiscale decomposition-based patch detection models for automatic visual feature representation and object localization in images. Our investigation into mimicking and modeling the HVS to capture conspicuous sparse patches and their spatial distribution clues makes a profound contribution to the automatic comprehension and characterization of images by machines. This study demonstrates that the sparse patch-based visual representation with spatial center cues is intrinsically tolerant to object positioning and understanding beyond object variations in spatial position, multiresolution, and chrominance, which has significant implications for many vision-based automatic object grabbing and perception applications, such as robotics, human‒machine interaction, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 354-359"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48677700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shear softening of earth's inner core as indicated by its high poisson ratio and elastic anisotropy 高泊松比和弹性各向异性表明的地球内核的剪切软化

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.010

Zhongqing Wu , Wenzhong Wang

Earth's inner core exhibits an unusually high Poisson ratio and noticeable elastic anisotropy. The mechanisms responsible for these features are crucial to understanding the nature of Earth's core. Although different mechanisms have been proposed, few can explain both observations simultaneously. The results of this study indicated that the crystal with noticeable shear softening would have strong anisotropy and an exceptionally high Poisson ratio simultaneously. Body-centered-cubic (bcc) iron exhibits shear instability at inner-core pressures and can be dynamically stabilized by high temperature and the presence of light elements. The bcc-lattice iron alloy could have strong anisotropy and a Poisson ratio of Earth's inner core before shear instability. Identifying which light elements can stabilize the bcc-lattice iron alloy will provide an independent constraint on the chemical composition of the inner core.

引用次数: 0

Prediction of novel tetravalent metal pentazolate salts with anharmonic effect 具有非调和效应的新型四价金属五唑盐的预测

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.017

Jianan Yuan , Ding Chi , Beatriz H. Cogollo-Olivo , Yunlong Wang , Kang Xia , Jian Sun

In recent decades, pentazolate salts have gained considerable attention as high energy density materials (HEDMs). Using the machine-learning accelerated structure searching method, we predicted four pentazolate salts stabilized with tetravalent metals (Ti-N and Zr-N). Specifically, the ground state MN

_{20}

(M = Ti, Zr) adopts the space-group P4/mcc under ambient conditions, transforming into the I-4 phase at higher pressure. Moreover, the I-4-MN

_{20}

becomes energetically stable at moderate pressure (46.8 GPa for TiN

_{20}

, 38.7 GPa for ZrN

_{20}

). Anharmonic phonon spectrum calculations demonstrate the dynamic stabilities of these MN

_{20}

phases. Among them, the P4/mcc phase can be quenched to 0 GPa. Further ab-initio molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the N

_{5}

rings within these MN

_{20}

systems can still maintain integrity at finite temperatures. Calculations of the projected crystal orbital Hamilton population and reduced density gradient revealed their covalent and noncovalent interactions, respectively. The aromaticity of the N

_{5}

ring was investigated by molecular orbital theory. Finally, we predicted that these MN

_{20}

compounds have very high energy densities and exhibit good detonation velocities and pressures, compared to the HMX explosive. These calculations enrich the family of pentazolate compounds and may also guide future experiments.

近几十年来，五唑酸盐作为高能量密度材料受到了广泛的关注。其中，基态MN20 （M = Ti, Zr）在常温条件下采用空间群P4/mcc，在高压下转变为I-4相。此外，ni -4- mn20在中压下能量稳定（TiN20为46.8 GPa， ZrN20为38.7 GPa）。非谐波声子谱计算证明了这些MN20相的动态稳定性。其中P4/mcc相可淬火至0 GPa。进一步的从头算分子动力学模拟表明，这些MN20体系中的N5环在有限温度下仍然可以保持完整性。预测晶体轨道汉密尔顿居群和降低密度梯度的计算分别揭示了它们的共价和非共价相互作用。用分子轨道理论研究了N5环的芳构性。最后，我们预测与HMX炸药相比，这些MN20化合物具有非常高的能量密度和良好的爆轰速度和压力。这些计算丰富了五唑酸盐化合物族，也可能指导未来的实验。

{"title":"Prediction of novel tetravalent metal pentazolate salts with anharmonic effect","authors":"Jianan Yuan , Ding Chi , Beatriz H. Cogollo-Olivo , Yunlong Wang , Kang Xia , Jian Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent decades, pentazolate salts have gained considerable attention as high energy density materials (HEDMs). Using the machine-learning accelerated structure searching method, we predicted four pentazolate salts stabilized with tetravalent metals (Ti-N and Zr-N). Specifically, the ground state MN<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>20</mn></msub></math></span> (M = Ti, Zr) adopts the space-group <em>P</em>4/<em>mcc</em> under ambient conditions, transforming into the <em>I</em>-4 phase at higher pressure. Moreover, the <em>I</em>-4-MN<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>20</mn></msub></math></span> becomes energetically stable at moderate pressure (46.8 GPa for TiN<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>20</mn></msub></math></span>, 38.7 GPa for ZrN<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>20</mn></msub></math></span>). Anharmonic phonon spectrum calculations demonstrate the dynamic stabilities of these MN<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>20</mn></msub></math></span> phases. Among them, the <em>P</em>4/<em>mcc</em> phase can be quenched to 0 GPa. Further ab-initio molecular dynamic simulations suggest that the N<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>5</mn></msub></math></span> rings within these MN<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>20</mn></msub></math></span> systems can still maintain integrity at finite temperatures. Calculations of the projected crystal orbital Hamilton population and reduced density gradient revealed their covalent and noncovalent interactions, respectively. The aromaticity of the N<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>5</mn></msub></math></span> ring was investigated by molecular orbital theory. Finally, we predicted that these MN<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>20</mn></msub></math></span> compounds have very high energy densities and exhibit good detonation velocities and pressures, compared to the HMX explosive. These calculations enrich the family of pentazolate compounds and may also guide future experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1474-1479"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41489080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digitalized analog integrated circuits 数字化模拟集成电路

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.01.006

Zhangming Zhu, Shubin Liu

Digital integrated circuits have significantly benefited from technology scaling down, while conventional analog integrated circuits suffer from more design constraints. In recent years, there has been strong research interest in replacing conventional analog blocks with digitally-friendly and digitally-intensive alternatives, while significant progress has been made. This paper reviews the existing digitalized analog integrated circuits, including amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters, phase-locked loops, and power supplies. Based on the review, the future development trends of the digitalized analog integrated circuits are derived.

数字集成电路从技术的缩减中获益良多，而传统的模拟集成电路则受到更多的设计限制。近年来，人们对用数字友好型和数字密集型替代方案取代传统模拟模块有着浓厚的研究兴趣，同时也取得了重大进展。本文综述了现有的数字模拟集成电路，包括放大器、模数转换器、锁相环和电源。在此基础上，展望了数字化模拟集成电路的未来发展趋势。

引用次数: 0

Solute-solvent dual engineering toward versatile electrolyte for high-voltage aqueous zinc-based energy storage devices 用于高压水性锌基储能装置的通用电解质的溶质-溶剂双重工程

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.018

Mengke Peng , Longbin Li , Li Wang , Xiannong Tang , Kang Xiao , Xuejiao J. Gao , Ting Hu , Kai Yuan , Yiwang Chen

Manufacturing cost-effective electrolytes featuring high (electro)chemical stability, high Zn anode reversibility, good ionic conductivity, and environmental benignity is highly desired for rechargeable aqueous zinc-based energy storage devices but remains a great challenge. Herein, a solute-solvent dual engineering strategy using lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) and inexpensive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, M_n = 200) as a coadditive with an optimized ratio accomplished an all-round performance enhancement of electrolytes. Due to the synergistic inhibition of water activity and Zn²⁺ solvation structure reorganization by LiTFSI-PEG, as well as a stable F-rich interfacial layer and PEG adsorption on the Zn anode surface, dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping at nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency and stable cycling performance over 2000 h at 0.5 mA cm⁻² was achieved. Importantly, the integrated Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors are endowed with a wide voltage window of 0–2.2 V, superb cycling stability up to 10,000 cycles, and excellent temperature adaptability from -40 °C to 50 °C. The highest cutoff voltage reached 2.1 V in Zn//LiMn₂O₄ and Zn//VOPO₄ full cells with a stable lifespan over 500 cycles. This work provides a promising strategy for the development of aqueous electrolytes with excellent comprehensive properties for zinc-based energy storage.

制造具有高（电）化学稳定性、高锌阳极可逆性、良好离子电导率和环境友好性的高成本效益电解质是可充电水性锌基储能装置所迫切需要的，但仍然是一个巨大的挑战。本文采用双溶媒双工程策略，以三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂（LiTFSI）和廉价的聚乙二醇（PEG, Mn = 200）为共添加剂，优化配比，实现了电解质性能的全面提升。由于LiTFSI-PEG对水活度和Zn2+溶剂化结构重组的协同抑制，以及锌阳极表面稳定的富f界面层和PEG吸附，实现了接近100%库仑效率的无枝晶镀锌/剥离，并在0.5 mA cm−2下实现了2000 h的稳定循环性能。重要的是，集成的锌离子混合超级电容器具有0-2.2 V的宽电压窗，高达10,000次循环的卓越循环稳定性，以及从-40°C到50°C的出色温度适应性。在Zn//LiMn2O4和Zn//VOPO4全电池中，最高截止电压达到2.1 V，稳定寿命超过500次。这项工作为开发具有优异综合性能的锌基储能水电解质提供了一个有希望的策略。

{"title":"Solute-solvent dual engineering toward versatile electrolyte for high-voltage aqueous zinc-based energy storage devices","authors":"Mengke Peng , Longbin Li , Li Wang , Xiannong Tang , Kang Xiao , Xuejiao J. Gao , Ting Hu , Kai Yuan , Yiwang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manufacturing cost-effective electrolytes featuring high (electro)chemical stability, high Zn anode reversibility, good ionic conductivity, and environmental benignity is highly desired for rechargeable aqueous zinc-based energy storage devices but remains a great challenge. Herein, a solute-solvent dual engineering strategy using lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) and inexpensive poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, <em>M</em><sub>n</sub> = 200) as a coadditive with an optimized ratio accomplished an all-round performance enhancement of electrolytes. Due to the synergistic inhibition of water activity and Zn<sup>2+</sup> solvation structure reorganization by LiTFSI-PEG, as well as a stable F-rich interfacial layer and PEG adsorption on the Zn anode surface, dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping at nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency and stable cycling performance over 2000 h at 0.5 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> was achieved. Importantly, the integrated Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors are endowed with a wide voltage window of 0–2.2 V, superb cycling stability up to 10,000 cycles, and excellent temperature adaptability from -40 °C to 50 °C. The highest cutoff voltage reached 2.1 V in Zn//LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and Zn//VOPO<sub>4</sub> full cells with a stable lifespan over 500 cycles. This work provides a promising strategy for the development of aqueous electrolytes with excellent comprehensive properties for zinc-based energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1488-1497"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41436918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The exactness of the ℓ1 penalty function for a class of mathematical programs with generalized complementarity constraints 一类具有广义互补约束的数学规划的惩罚函数的准确性

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.006

Yukuan Hu , Xin Liu

In a mathematical program with generalized complementarity constraints (MPGCC), complementarity relation is imposed between each pair of variable blocks. MPGCC includes the traditional mathematical program with complementarity constraints (MPCC) as a special case. On account of the disjunctive feasible region, MPCC and MPGCC are generally difficult to handle. The

ℓ_{1}

penalty method, often adopted in computation, opens a way of circumventing the difficulty. Yet it remains unclear about the exactness of the

ℓ_{1}

penalty function, namely, whether there exists a sufficiently large penalty parameter so that the penalty problem shares the optimal solution set with the original one. In this paper, we consider a class of MPGCCs that are of multi-affine objective functions. This problem class finds applications in various fields, e.g., the multi-marginal optimal transport problems in many-body quantum physics and the pricing problems in network transportation. We first provide an instance from this class, the exactness of whose

ℓ_{1}

penalty function cannot be derived by existing tools. We then establish the exactness results under rather mild conditions. Our results cover those existing ones for MPCC and apply to multi-block contexts.

在具有广义互补约束的数学规划（MPGCC）中，在每对变量块之间施加互补关系。MPGCC将传统的具有互补约束的数学规划（MPCC）作为一种特例。由于存在析取可行域，MPCC和MPGCC通常难以处理。计算中经常采用的l1惩罚法，开辟了一条绕过困难的途径。然而，关于d1惩罚函数的精确性，即是否存在一个足够大的惩罚参数，使得惩罚问题与原问题共享最优解集，尚不清楚。本文考虑了一类具有多仿射目标函数的mpgcc。这类问题在许多领域都有应用，例如多体量子物理中的多边际最优传输问题和网络传输中的定价问题。我们首先从这类中提供了一个实例，它的惩罚函数的精确性是现有工具无法推导出来的。然后，我们在相当温和的条件下建立了精确的结果。我们的结果涵盖了MPCC的现有结果，并适用于多块上下文。

{"title":"The exactness of the ℓ1 penalty function for a class of mathematical programs with generalized complementarity constraints","authors":"Yukuan Hu , Xin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a mathematical program with generalized complementarity constraints (MPGCC), complementarity relation is imposed between each pair of variable blocks. MPGCC includes the traditional mathematical program with complementarity constraints (MPCC) as a special case. On account of the disjunctive feasible region, MPCC and MPGCC are generally difficult to handle. The <span><math><msub><mi>ℓ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math></span> penalty method, often adopted in computation, opens a way of circumventing the difficulty. Yet it remains unclear about the exactness of the <span><math><msub><mi>ℓ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math></span> penalty function, namely, whether there exists a sufficiently large penalty parameter so that the penalty problem shares the optimal solution set with the original one. In this paper, we consider a class of MPGCCs that are of multi-affine objective functions. This problem class finds applications in various fields, e.g., the multi-marginal optimal transport problems in many-body quantum physics and the pricing problems in network transportation. We first provide an instance from this class, the exactness of whose <span><math><msub><mi>ℓ</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math></span> penalty function cannot be derived by existing tools. We then establish the exactness results under rather mild conditions. Our results cover those existing ones for MPCC and apply to multi-block contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1459-1464"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42409493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The photo-redox of chromium regulated by microplastics (MPs) and MPs-derived dissolved organic matter (MPs-DOM) and the CO2 emission of MPs-DOM 微塑料(MPs)和微塑料衍生的溶解有机物(MPs- dom)调控铬的光氧化还原以及MPs- dom的CO2排放

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.009

Enyao Zhang , Yalan Chen , Yang Li , Ke Sun , Yan Yang , Bo Gao , Baoshan Xing

Microplastics (MPs) and chromium (Cr) are common pollutants in wastewater treatment plants, where ultraviolet disinfection processes may degrade MPs and photooxidize Cr(III) into more hazardous Cr(VI). In this study, the effects of MPs on the phototransformation of coexisting Cr, as well as the role and ecological effects of MPs-derived dissolved organic matter (MPs-DOM), were investigated. The photooxidation of MPs and Cr(III) was radical-driven reaction. The addition of MPs inhibited the photooxidation of Cr(III) and induced the photoreduction of Cr(VI) through surface adsorption. Both MPs and MPs-DOM generated comparable ROS at different irradiation moments, which can affect the photodegradation of MPs and MPs-DOM, as well as the phototransformation of Cr. The 56-day incubation showed a higher mineralization ratio of MPs-DOMs than riverine humic acid, indicating the vital contribution of MPs-DOMs to carbon emissions. In general, MPs-DOM lowered microbial abundance and diversity compared to the original inoculum. Bacterial and fungal succession was affected by both MPs-DOM and the original inoculum, with polyvinyl chloride-derived DOM possessing a stronger filtration impact on microbial communities than the other three MPs-DOMs. In this study, a win–win solution for Cr(VI) reduction and MPs treatment through photoirradiation was proposed, and the potential significant role of MPs-DOM in the transformation of coexisting contaminants, the carbon cycle, and microbial succession was highlighted.

微塑料（MPs）和铬（Cr）是污水处理厂中常见的污染物，紫外线消毒过程可能降解MPs并将Cr（III）光氧化为更危险的Cr（VI）。本研究研究了MPs对共存Cr光转化的影响，以及MPs衍生的溶解有机质（MPs- dom）的作用和生态效应。MPs和Cr（III）的光氧化反应为自由基驱动反应。MPs的加入抑制了Cr（III）的光氧化，并通过表面吸附诱导Cr（VI）的光还原。在不同的照射时刻，MPs和MPs- dom产生的活性氧相当，这影响了MPs和MPs- dom的光降解以及Cr的光转化。56 d的培养表明MPs- dom的矿化率高于河流腐植酸，表明MPs- dom对碳排放的重要贡献。总体而言，与原始接种量相比，MPs-DOM降低了微生物的丰度和多样性。细菌和真菌演替均受到MPs-DOM和原始接种量的影响，其中聚氯乙烯衍生的DOM对微生物群落的过滤作用强于其他三种MPs-DOM。本研究提出了一种通过光照射实现Cr（VI）还原和MPs处理的双赢解决方案，并强调了MPs- dom在共存污染物转化、碳循环和微生物演替中的潜在重要作用。

{"title":"The photo-redox of chromium regulated by microplastics (MPs) and MPs-derived dissolved organic matter (MPs-DOM) and the CO2 emission of MPs-DOM","authors":"Enyao Zhang , Yalan Chen , Yang Li , Ke Sun , Yan Yang , Bo Gao , Baoshan Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) and chromium (Cr) are common pollutants in wastewater treatment plants, where ultraviolet disinfection processes may degrade MPs and photooxidize Cr(III) into more hazardous Cr(VI). In this study, the effects of MPs on the phototransformation of coexisting Cr, as well as the role and ecological effects of MPs-derived dissolved organic matter (MPs-DOM), were investigated. The photooxidation of MPs and Cr(III) was radical-driven reaction. The addition of MPs inhibited the photooxidation of Cr(III) and induced the photoreduction of Cr(VI) through surface adsorption. Both MPs and MPs-DOM generated comparable ROS at different irradiation moments, which can affect the photodegradation of MPs and MPs-DOM, as well as the phototransformation of Cr. The 56-day incubation showed a higher mineralization ratio of MPs-DOMs than riverine humic acid, indicating the vital contribution of MPs-DOMs to carbon emissions. In general, MPs-DOM lowered microbial abundance and diversity compared to the original inoculum. Bacterial and fungal succession was affected by both MPs-DOM and the original inoculum, with polyvinyl chloride-derived DOM possessing a stronger filtration impact on microbial communities than the other three MPs-DOMs. In this study, a win–win solution for Cr(VI) reduction and MPs treatment through photoirradiation was proposed, and the potential significant role of MPs-DOM in the transformation of coexisting contaminants, the carbon cycle, and microbial succession was highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1576-1585"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44266526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cortical plasticity differences in substance use disorders 物质使用障碍的皮质可塑性差异

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.015

Qing-Ming Liu , Molly Lucas , Faizan Badami , Wei Wu , Amit Etkin , Ti-Fei Yuan

Among substances, opiates and psychostimulants are responsible for the most significant public health problems, yet few studies have characterized their similarities or differences in the cortical plasticity of individuals with these substance related problems. This investigation utilized concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) to examine cortical plasticity characteristics of individuals with heroin and methamphetamine related substance use disorder (SUD) relative to healthy controls. TMS-EEG data were collected from healthy control subjects (N = 35), subjects with heroin (N = 72) and methamphetamine (N = 69) use disorder. The data were analyzed using our fully-automated artifact rejection algorithm (ARTIST). Analyses were performed separately for F3, F4 and P3 stimulation sites. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine Group (heroin, methamphetamine, healthy control) x Time (pre, post single-session rTMS) interactions. To evaluate plasticity differences across groups, we observed the changes in single pulse TMS before and after single-session of rTMS. There was no change in alpha power after stimulation of the F3 or F4 sites across groups. The alpha power of the control group was significantly decreased when stimulating the P3 site, while there was no significant change in alpha power for either drug group during the same time window. The beta power of the healthy control group increased significantly when the F3 site was stimulated. In contrast, there was no significant change in either the methamphetamine or heroin group. Following a single-session of rTMS intervention, there was a significant difference in alpha-band power between the healthy control group and the two drug groups. Taking together, the study findings identified differential plasticity effects in the two types of SUD population, and highlighted the network effects of rTMS. The findings point to an exciting future path for using rTMS to test new plasticity-based interventions for treating drug addiction.

在物质中，阿片类药物和精神兴奋剂是造成最严重的公共卫生问题的原因，但很少有研究表明它们在患有这些物质相关问题的个体的皮层可塑性方面的相似性或差异性。本研究利用并发经颅磁刺激和脑电图（TMS-EEG）来研究海洛因和甲基苯丙胺相关物质使用障碍（SUD）个体相对于健康对照组的皮质可塑性特征。收集健康对照（35例）、海洛因使用障碍（72例）和甲基苯丙胺使用障碍（69例）患者的TMS-EEG数据。使用我们的全自动工件拒绝算法（ARTIST）分析数据。分别对F3、F4和P3刺激部位进行分析。采用线性混合效应模型检验组（海洛因、甲基苯丙胺、健康对照）x时间（单次rTMS前、后）的相互作用。为了评估各组间的可塑性差异，我们观察了单脉冲TMS在单次rTMS前后的变化。各组间刺激F3或F4位点后α功率没有变化。对照组在刺激P3位点时α功率明显降低，而两组在同一时间窗内α功率均无明显变化。当刺激F3位点时，健康对照组的β能力显著增加。相比之下，甲基苯丙胺组和海洛因组都没有明显的变化。在单次rTMS干预后，健康对照组和两个药物组之间的α波段功率有显著差异。综上所述，研究结果确定了两种类型SUD人群的不同可塑性效应，并强调了rTMS的网络效应。这一发现为使用rTMS测试新的基于可塑性的药物成瘾治疗干预措施指明了一条令人兴奋的未来道路。

{"title":"Cortical plasticity differences in substance use disorders","authors":"Qing-Ming Liu , Molly Lucas , Faizan Badami , Wei Wu , Amit Etkin , Ti-Fei Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among substances, opiates and psychostimulants are responsible for the most significant public health problems, yet few studies have characterized their similarities or differences in the cortical plasticity of individuals with these substance related problems. This investigation utilized concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) to examine cortical plasticity characteristics of individuals with heroin and methamphetamine related substance use disorder (SUD) relative to healthy controls. TMS-EEG data were collected from healthy control subjects (<em>N</em> = 35), subjects with heroin (<em>N</em> = 72) and methamphetamine (<em>N</em> = 69) use disorder. The data were analyzed using our fully-automated artifact rejection algorithm (ARTIST). Analyses were performed separately for F3, F4 and P3 stimulation sites. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine Group (heroin, methamphetamine, healthy control) x Time (pre, post single-session rTMS) interactions. To evaluate plasticity differences across groups, we observed the changes in single pulse TMS before and after single-session of rTMS. There was no change in alpha power after stimulation of the F3 or F4 sites across groups. The alpha power of the control group was significantly decreased when stimulating the P3 site, while there was no significant change in alpha power for either drug group during the same time window. The beta power of the healthy control group increased significantly when the F3 site was stimulated. In contrast, there was no significant change in either the methamphetamine or heroin group. Following a single-session of rTMS intervention, there was a significant difference in alpha-band power between the healthy control group and the two drug groups. Taking together, the study findings identified differential plasticity effects in the two types of SUD population, and highlighted the network effects of rTMS. The findings point to an exciting future path for using rTMS to test new plasticity-based interventions for treating drug addiction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"4 6","pages":"Pages 1351-1356"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46045256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0