Fundamental Research最新文献_第5页

Coastal Zone Information Model: A comprehensive architecture for coastal digital twin by integrating data, models, and knowledge 海岸带信息模型：一个综合数据、模型和知识的海岸带数字孪生体系结构

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.06.003

Zhaoyuan Yu , Pei Du , Lin Yi , Wen Luo , Dongshuang Li , Binru Zhao , Longhui Li , Zhuo Zhang , Jun Zhang , Jiyi Zhang , Wenchao Ma , Changchun Huang , Shuo Li , Xiaolu Yan , Guonian Lv , Linwang Yuan

The coastal zone represents a critical intersection of naturally ecological and socio-economic processes. The abundance of data, models, and knowledge derived from various sources in coastal zones facilitates us to integrate them to better understand the evolution of coastal environments. This paper proposes a comprehensive framework of Coastal Zone Information Model (CZIM) to integrate multi-domain coastal information. The core idea of CZIM is to integrate multi-discipline coastal data, models, and knowledge for standardized governance, so as to carry, express, and apply coastal information by the digital system approaching the coastal digital twin. The CZIM framework includes four aspects: coastal data governance, model integration, knowledge engineering, and system construction. We perform a detailed literature review to illustrate the demands and challenges related to those four. The components of each aspect and their interlinks are introduced subsequently, and the future challenges of constructing coastal digital twins relying on CZIM are discussed. CZIM aims to strengthen the ability to organize, manage and apply refined coastal information to support more efficient, scientific, and intelligent decision-making in response to gradually volatile forces from both human activities and natural events, now and in the future. This paper provides a valuable reference for the next generation of coastal digitization in the target of the coastal digital twin.

海岸带是自然生态和社会经济过程的关键交叉点。海岸带中各种来源的丰富数据、模型和知识有助于我们将它们整合起来，更好地理解沿海环境的演变。本文提出了海岸带信息模型（海岸带信息模型）的综合框架，以整合多领域的海岸带信息。ccim的核心思想是整合多学科的沿海数据、模型和知识进行标准化治理，通过接近沿海数字孪生的数字系统来承载、表达和应用沿海信息。ccim框架包括沿海数据治理、模型集成、知识工程和系统构建四个方面。我们进行了详细的文献综述，以说明与这四个相关的需求和挑战。随后介绍了各方面的组成部分及其相互联系，并讨论了基于ccim构建沿海数字孪生的未来挑战。ccim旨在加强精细化沿海信息的组织、管理和应用能力，以支持更高效、科学和智能的决策，以应对现在和未来人类活动和自然事件逐渐变化的力量。本文为沿海数字孪生目标下的下一代沿海数字化提供了有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Variations in glacier peak water timing and its influencing factors in High-Mountain Asia 亚洲高山冰川峰水时间变化及其影响因素

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.006

Haodong Lyu , Gonghuan Fang , Yaning Chen , Wenting Liang , Zewei Qiu , Yupeng Li , Weili Duan , Zhi Li

High Mountain Asia (HMA) has the largest volume of glaciers outside the polar region and protects approximately 800 million people in the downstream basins against water stress. HMA is facing rapid glacier melting and substantial glacier mass loss, reaching the peak of runoff (‘peak water’) in the following decades. In the present study, the timing of glacier peak water was calculated using a projected glacier runoff dataset forced by twelve General Circulation Models under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios. The dominant factors that influence the timing of peak water, such as glacial area, elevation, aspect, slope, latitude and debris thickness, were investigated using partial correlation and stratified analysis. Our results demonstrated that, for the entire HMA, glacier peak water was predicted to occur in 2028, 2052, 2057, and 2059 under SSP126, SSP260, SSP370, and SSP585, respectively. For each subregion, Hengduan Shan is projected to reach the earliest peak water in HMA in 2024, 2025, 2021, and 2024 under SSP126, SSP260, SSP370, and SSP585, respectively. In West Tianshan, glacier peak water is projected to occur in 2027, 2036, 2050, and 2050 under SSP126, SSP260, SSP370, and SSP585, respectively. In the West Kunlun, glacier peak water will occur in 2070 under SSP126 and 2080 under SSP245 but will not appear until 2100 under SSP370 and SSP585. Glacier elevation and latitude are highly correlated with peak water timing for the entire HMA, with the partial correlation coefficients being 0.48 and 0.47, respectively (P < 0.01). Additionally, earlier glacier peak water normally occurs in glaciers with a small area or steeper slope. Debris can also influence the timing of glacier peak water with a thinner debris cover (< 5 cm) leading to delayed peak water. Our findings indicated that glacier elevation and latitude are highly correlated with glacier peak water timing for the entire HMA.

高山亚洲（HMA）拥有极地地区以外最大的冰川，保护下游盆地约8亿人免受水资源压力。HMA正面临冰川快速融化和大量冰川质量损失，在接下来的几十年中达到径流峰值（“峰值水”）。在本研究中，利用共享社会经济路径（SSP）情景下12个环流模式强迫的预估冰川径流数据集，计算了冰川峰值水的时间。采用偏相关和分层分析的方法，研究了冰川面积、高程、坡向、坡度、纬度和岩屑厚度等影响峰水时间的主导因子。结果表明，在SSP126、SSP260、SSP370和SSP585条件下，整个HMA在2028年、2052年、2057年和2059年分别出现了冰川峰值水。在SSP126、SSP260、SSP370和SSP585条件下，横断山预计在2024年、2025年、2021年和2024年分别达到HMA最早峰值。在SSP126、SSP260、SSP370和SSP585条件下，预计2027年、2036年、2050年和2050年西天山将出现冰川峰值水。在西昆仑，在SSP126和SSP245条件下，2070年和2080年将出现冰川峰值，而在SSP370和SSP585条件下，要到2100年才会出现冰川峰值。冰川高程和纬度与整个HMA的峰值水时间高度相关，偏相关系数分别为0.48和0.47 （P < 0.01）。此外，较早的冰川峰水通常发生在面积较小或坡度较大的冰川上。碎片也会影响冰川峰值水的时间，较薄的碎片覆盖（5厘米）导致峰值水的延迟。研究结果表明，冰川高程和纬度与整个HMA的冰川峰值水时间高度相关。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing cell subpopulation discovery in cancer by integrating single-cell transcriptome and expressed variants 通过整合单细胞转录组和表达变异来增强癌症细胞亚群的发现

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.01.001

Tao Wang , Duoduo Mai , Han Shu , Jialu Hu , Yongtian Wang , Jiajie Peng , Jing Chen , Xuequn Shang

The emergence of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has revolutionized the study of cellular heterogeneity at the single-cell level. However, existing methods for identifying subpopulations of cells in scRNA-seq data mainly rely on gene expression features, neglecting the valuable genomic information present in the raw sequencing data. To address this limitation, we propose an end-to-end deep clustering model called scCluster, which integrates single-cell gene expression profiles and expressed variant features derived from the raw scRNA-seq data to stratify cell subpopulations in cancer tissues. scCluster employs a joint optimization strategy that combines a zero-inflated negative binomial model-based dual-modal autoencoder with deep embedding clustering in the pre-training phase. This allows both gene expression profiles and variant features to be encoded into the same latent embedding space. In the fine-tuning stage, scCluster further enhances the discriminability of the latent representations by integrating deep soft K-means clustering and cross-instance guided contrastive clustering techniques. Our extensive evaluations reveal that scCluster surpasses state-of-the-art methods in multiple real-world cancer scRNA-seq datasets. The results also indicate that incorporating the expressed variant features alongside gene expressions substantially enhances the stratification of cell subpopulations in cancer single-cell research.

单细胞RNA测序（scRNA-seq）技术的出现彻底改变了单细胞水平上细胞异质性的研究。然而，现有的鉴定scRNA-seq数据中细胞亚群的方法主要依赖于基因表达特征，忽略了原始测序数据中存在的有价值的基因组信息。为了解决这一限制，我们提出了一个端到端的深度聚类模型，称为scCluster，该模型整合了单细胞基因表达谱和源自原始scRNA-seq数据的表达变异特征，以对癌症组织中的细胞亚群进行分层。scCluster采用联合优化策略，在预训练阶段将基于零膨胀负二项模型的双峰自编码器与深度嵌入聚类相结合。这使得基因表达谱和变异特征都可以被编码到同一个潜在嵌入空间中。在微调阶段，scCluster通过融合深度软k均值聚类和跨实例引导对比聚类技术，进一步增强了潜在表征的可分辨性。我们的广泛评估表明，scCluster在多种真实世界的癌症scRNA-seq数据集中优于最先进的方法。结果还表明，将表达的变异特征与基因表达结合起来，可以大大增强癌症单细胞研究中细胞亚群的分层。

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引用次数: 0

AI for biology: Catalyzing interdisciplinary innovation to unravel life’s complexity and address biomedical challenges 生物人工智能：促进跨学科创新，揭示生命的复杂性，应对生物医学挑战

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.10.002

Xiu-Jie Wang , Fangqing Zhao , Qiangfeng Cliff Zhang , Hong-Liang Zhang

引用次数: 0

Sulfur-mediated bacteria outperform glycogen-accumulating organisms in carbon-deficient wastewater: Key role of influent C/S0 ratios 缺碳废水中的硫媒介细菌优于糖原累积型生物：进水 C/S0 比率的关键作用

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.024

Boyi Cheng , Lei Chen , Lichang Zhou , Qingshan Lin , Jinqi Jiang , Hui Lu , Lei Miao , Xiaonan Feng , Zongping Wang , Guanghao Chen , Gang Guo

Biological nutrient (including nitrogen and phosphorus) removal is often hindered by the lack of organic carbon (C) sources, which can result in the excessive growth of glycogen-accumulating organisms (GAOs), even in sulfate-containing wastewater. Elemental sulfur (S⁰) has been considered as an economical and energy-efficient electron donor to achieve biological nutrient removal from wastewater. In this study, the long-term effects of C/S⁰ ratios on the competition between sulfur-mediated bacteria (SMB) and GAOs was investigated to explore the feasibility of using S⁰ to partially replace carbon and suppress the proliferation of GAOs in biological treatment systems. Four parallel bioreactors were continuously operated for approximately 100 days and fed a substrate consisting of 400, 200, 100, and 0 mg acetate-COD/L, in addition to 0.53 g S⁰/cycle (equal to 400 mg COD/L); the acetate-COD concentrations corresponded to C/S⁰ ratios of 0.28 (R1), 0.14 (R2), 0.07 (R3), and 0 (R4), respectively. The results showed that a relatively high C/S⁰ ratio of 0.28 (in R1) and low C/S⁰ ratios of 0.07 (in R3) and 0 (in R4) enhanced 1) S metabolism, especially anaerobic S⁰ reduction to form S²⁻, which was mediated by sulfate/sulfur-reducing bacteria (SRB/S⁰RB, e.g., Desulfobacter and Desulfuromonas), or 2) S⁰ oxidation to form sulfate, which was mediated by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB, e.g., Thiobacillus) to promote their growth over GAOs (e.g., Candidatus_Competibacter). However, when the C/S⁰ ratio was 0.14 in R2, this reactor displayed a GAO phenotype rather than a SMB phenotype since GAO communities have a higher acetate uptake rate than SMB. Thus, an appropriate amount of S⁰ addition supported the competitiveness of SMB over GAOs. Finally, the potential mechanism about competition between the two communities (SMB and GAOs) was revealed. This study provides a new mechanistic strategy to promote the proliferation of SMB over GAOs in carbon-deficient wastewater.

生物营养物（包括氮和磷）的去除常常受到缺乏有机碳(C)源的阻碍，这可能导致糖原积累生物（GAOs）的过度生长，即使在含硫酸盐的废水中也是如此。单质硫（S0）被认为是一种经济高效的电子供体，可以实现废水中营养物的生物去除。本研究研究了碳硫比对硫介导细菌（SMB）与GAOs竞争的长期影响，探讨了在生物处理系统中使用S0部分替代碳并抑制GAOs增殖的可行性。4个平行生物反应器连续运行约100天，投喂由400、200、100和0 mg醋酸盐COD/L组成的底物，以及0.53 g S0/循环（相当于400 mg COD/L）；乙酸酯- cod浓度对应的C/S0比值分别为0.28 （R1）、0.14 （R2）、0.07 （R3）和0 （R4）。结果表明,相对较高的C / S0比率为0.28 (R1)和低C / S0比率为0.07 (R3)和0 (R4)增强1)代谢,尤其是厌氧减少S0 S2−形式,这是由硫酸/ sulfur-reducing细菌(SRB / S0RB,例如,Desulfobacter和Desulfuromonas),或2)S0氧化形成硫酸,由sulfur-oxidizing介导细菌(呜咽,例如,硫杆菌),以促进其增长在聚糖菌(如Candidatus_Competibacter)。然而，当C/S0比在R2中为0.14时，该反应器表现为GAO表型而不是SMB表型，因为GAO群落比SMB具有更高的醋酸吸收速率。因此，适量的S0添加有助于SMB对gao的竞争力。最后，分析了中小企业和高组织之间竞争的潜在机制。该研究提供了一种新的机制策略来促进SMB在缺碳废水中GAOs上的增殖。

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引用次数: 0

Promising porous materials for uranium extraction from seawater 有望从海水中提取铀的多孔材料

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.004

Mengjie Hao , Yinghui Xie , Zhongshan Chen , Hui Yang , Geoffrey I.N. Waterhouse , Shengqian Ma , Xiangke Wang

Uranium extraction from seawater is a promising approach for ensuring continued uranium fuel supply to the nuclear power industry. However, extracting uranium by this route is challenging due to the low concentration of uranium, high ionic strength, and marine micro-organisms in seawater. Recently, a range of novel porous adsorbent materials have been developed for uranium extraction from ocean water. These adsorbents rely on specific pore characteristics and functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl, amidoxime, phosphate, etc.) to achieve a high affinity and selectivity for uranyl ions (UO₂²⁺) relative to other ions. Relying strongly on coordination principles, specific binding sites for uranium are assembled in these porous materials, with cooperative actions of several functional groups often used to achieve strong uranium capture and adsorption selectivity. In addition to traditional adsorbents, adsorption-photocatalytic and adsorption-electrocatalytic materials are also being pursued, which include both specific adsorption sites and photocatalytic or electrocatalytic moieties in their frameworks. These innovative strategies allow the conversion of uranyl ions into harvestable solid products (such as UO₂ or Na₂O(UO₃·H₂O)_x) and result in high extraction efficiencies together with good biofouling resistance. This perspective aims to capture some of the recent breakthroughs in the design of porous materials for selective uranium extraction from seawater.

从海水中提取铀是一种很有前途的方法，可以确保向核电工业持续供应铀燃料。然而，由于铀浓度低，离子强度高，海水中有海洋微生物，通过这种方法提取铀具有挑战性。近年来，人们开发了一系列新型的多孔吸附材料，用于从海水中提取铀。这些吸附剂依靠特定的孔隙特征和官能团（羟基、羧基、偕胺肟、磷酸盐等）来实现对铀酰离子（UO22+）相对于其他离子的高亲和力和选择性。依托配位原理，铀的特定结合位点在这些多孔材料中组装，通常使用几个官能团的协同作用来实现强的铀捕获和吸附选择性。除了传统的吸附剂外，吸附-光催化和吸附-电催化材料也在研究中，它们既包括特定的吸附位点，也包括其框架中的光催化或电催化部分。这些创新策略允许将铀酰离子转化为可收获的固体产品（如UO2或Na2O(UO3·H2O)x），并导致高萃取效率和良好的抗生物污染能力。这一观点旨在捕捉最近在多孔材料设计上的一些突破，这些材料用于从海水中选择性地提取铀。

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引用次数: 0

Multinuclear catalyst: An efficient tool for the synthesis of polyesters and polycarbonates by ring-opening polymerization 多核催化剂：开环聚合合成聚酯和聚碳酸酯的有效工具

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.016

Qi Zhang , Chenyang Hu , Xuan Pang

Stemming from the simultaneous activation among multiple metal centers, many multinuclear catalysts show markedly higher reaction rate and selectivity on a wide array of reactions. Inspired by these seminal discoveries, there has been a recent surge of interest in developing polymerization catalysts with three or more metal centers to achieve high activity, stereoselectivity and sequence controllability. In the multinuclear catalysts, the electron-absorbing effect between neighboring Lewis acid atoms was discovered to significantly enhance a multitude of catalytic properties. At the same time, the modification of the organic ligand structure can dramatically change the catalytic activity of the catalyst, widen the scope of copolymerization systems and simplify the catalytic system. In this review, the state-of-the-art design strategies, successful applications and catalytic performance of multinuclear organometallic catalysts are overviewed.

由于多金属中心同时活化，许多多核催化剂在广泛的反应中表现出较高的反应速率和选择性。受这些开创性发现的启发，最近人们对开发具有三个或更多金属中心的聚合催化剂产生了浓厚的兴趣，以实现高活性、立体选择性和序列可控制性。在多核催化剂中，发现相邻路易斯酸原子之间的电子吸收效应显著提高了多种催化性能。同时，有机配体结构的修饰可以显著改变催化剂的催化活性，拓宽共聚体系的范围，简化催化体系。本文综述了多核有机金属催化剂的设计策略、成功应用及其催化性能。

引用次数: 0

Rethinking structural safety for a volatile century 为动荡的世纪重新思考结构安全

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.07.014

Gang Xu, Tong Guo, Ai-Qun Li

Most structural design frameworks remain rooted in outdated assumptions: that hazards occur in isolation, materials do not degrade, and failure can be prevented through overdesign. In an era marked by accelerating climate volatility, cascading disasters, and mounting carbon constraints, such logic is increasingly untenable. From earthquake–flood sequences to heat-induced corrosion and permafrost collapse, modern infrastructure faces compound and evolving risks that current codes fail to anticipate. At the same time, conventional approaches often achieve safety through carbon-intensive construction, exacerbating the very environmental crises they must endure. This rethinking aligns with emerging paradigms in resilience engineering, disaster risk reduction, and adaptive infrastructure design, which similarly emphasize systems thinking, robustness, and long–term functionality under uncertainty. We argue for a fundamental redefinition of structural safety—one that prioritizes resilience over resistance, adaptability over rigidity, and sustainability over excess. This requires innovative tools (AI-driven diagnostics, lifecycle modeling frameworks), new materials (durable, repairable, low-carbon-footprint systems), and quantifiable metrics (recovery duration, embodied carbon emissions, residual functionality assessment). Structural engineers must now lead as strategists of climate-ready, socially responsive infrastructure. The goal of the next generation of design is not merely to ensure that structures survive,but that they serve, recover, and regenerate in a volatile century.

大多数结构设计框架仍然植根于过时的假设：危害是孤立发生的，材料不会降解，通过过度设计可以防止失效。在一个气候波动加速、灾害层叠、碳排放限制不断增加的时代，这样的逻辑越来越站不住脚。从地震洪水序列到热引起的腐蚀和永久冻土崩溃，现代基础设施面临着当前规范无法预测的复杂和不断变化的风险。与此同时，传统方法往往通过碳密集型建设来实现安全，这加剧了它们必须忍受的环境危机。这种重新思考与弹性工程、减少灾害风险和适应性基础设施设计中的新兴范例一致，这些范例同样强调系统思维、健壮性和不确定性下的长期功能。我们主张对结构安全进行根本性的重新定义——优先考虑弹性而不是阻力，优先考虑适应性而不是刚性，优先考虑可持续性而不是过度。这需要创新的工具（人工智能驱动的诊断、生命周期建模框架）、新材料（耐用、可修复、低碳足迹的系统）和可量化的指标（恢复时间、隐含碳排放、剩余功能评估）。结构工程师现在必须作为气候准备型、社会响应型基础设施的战略家发挥领导作用。下一代设计的目标不仅仅是确保结构的生存，而且要确保它们在动荡的世纪中服务、恢复和再生。

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引用次数: 0

Electrides: Emerging electronic materials for catalysis 电子材料：用于催化的新兴电子材料

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.11.026

Fangkun Sun , Zhilin Guo , Yangfan Lu , Jiang Li , Tian-Nan Ye , Hideo Hosono , Jiazhen Wu

Electrides are emerging materials that exhibit a unique electronic structure, where electrons, unbound to specific atomic nuclei, act as anions within periodic lattice vacancies. The most characteristic feature of an electride is its low work function (Φ_WF < ∼3.5 eV), comparable to alkali metals, making it a highly promising electron donor in chemical reactions. In this paper, we summarized recent applications of variable electrides in various reactions, especially as catalysts. We thoroughly explored their unique behaviors and demonstrated their broad applicability in multiple reactions, such as selective hydrogenation, carbon-carbon coupling reactions, and electrocatalysis. In addition, we discussed the current challenges of electrides with active electron anions and highlighted their substantial potential for application in future advancements. This review provides fundamental guidance for utilizing high-performance electride-based materials in various chemical reactions, mainly focusing on heterogeneous catalysis.

电子是一种新兴的材料，具有独特的电子结构，其中不受特定原子核束缚的电子在周期性晶格空位中充当阴离子。电子化合物最显著的特征是其低功函数（ΦWF < ~ 3.5 eV），与碱金属相当，这使其成为化学反应中极有前途的电子供体。本文综述了近年来可变电极在各种反应中的应用，特别是作为催化剂的应用。我们深入探索了它们的独特行为，并证明了它们在多种反应中的广泛适用性，如选择性加氢反应、碳-碳偶联反应和电催化。此外，我们讨论了目前具有活性电子阴离子的电子化合物所面临的挑战，并强调了它们在未来发展中的巨大应用潜力。本文综述为高性能电极基材料在各种化学反应中的应用提供了基础指导，主要集中在多相催化方面。

引用次数: 0

Recent advances in ultrasound-targeted nanobubbles combined with cancer immunotherapy: Mechanisms, applications, and challenges 超声靶向纳米气泡联合癌症免疫治疗的最新进展：机制、应用和挑战

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.10.017

Xueqin Chen , Lifan Xu , Chen Chen , Qizhao Huang , Jianjun Hu

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by leveraging the immune system to target tumors. However, its efficacy is often limited by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the development of resistance, leading to response rates of only 20%–30%. Ultrasound-targeted nanobubbles (UTN) combined with cancer immunotherapy present a promising solution to the limitations of current treatments. By utilizing the mechanical and biological effects of ultrasound, UTN improve drug delivery, reduce systemic toxicity, and modulate immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. Preclinical studies have shown that UTN combined with cancer immunotherapy can significantly increase the use of checkpoint inhibitors, tumor vaccines, and gene-based therapies, resulting in better tumor control. This article reviews the latest advancements, applications, and challenges of UTN combined with cancer immunotherapy, emphasizing the potential of UTN to overcome current therapeutic barriers and providing a forward-looking perspective on its translation into clinical practice.

免疫疗法通过利用免疫系统靶向肿瘤，彻底改变了癌症治疗。然而，其疗效往往受到免疫抑制肿瘤微环境和耐药发展的限制，导致有效率仅为20%-30%。超声靶向纳米泡（UTN）与癌症免疫疗法相结合，为解决当前治疗方法的局限性提供了一个有希望的解决方案。通过利用超声的机械和生物效应，UTN改善药物传递，降低全身毒性，调节肿瘤微环境内的免疫反应。临床前研究表明，UTN联合癌症免疫治疗可以显著增加检查点抑制剂、肿瘤疫苗和基因治疗的使用，从而更好地控制肿瘤。本文综述了UTN联合癌症免疫治疗的最新进展、应用和挑战，强调了UTN克服当前治疗障碍的潜力，并为其转化为临床实践提供了前瞻性的观点。

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引用次数: 0