Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.05.020
Pingqing Fu, Xin Wan, H. Ren, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Lin Wang, Peng Wang, Siyao Yue, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Kimitaka Kawamura, Zhiyuan Cong
{"title":"Seasonal variations of primary biological and biomass burning aerosols in the central Himalayas","authors":"Pingqing Fu, Xin Wan, H. Ren, Xiaole Pan, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Lin Wang, Peng Wang, Siyao Yue, Hang Su, Yafang Cheng, Kimitaka Kawamura, Zhiyuan Cong","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.05.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmre.2024.05.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.07.001
ZHICHAO YANG, Sitong Wu, Xun Zhang, MI Chao, GUNGUN LIN, Z. Guo, Dayong Jin
{"title":"Binocular Vision Fusion Enhanced 3D NIR-II in vivo Imaging of Bone and Vessel Networks","authors":"ZHICHAO YANG, Sitong Wu, Xun Zhang, MI Chao, GUNGUN LIN, Z. Guo, Dayong Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmre.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141716724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.001
Quantum machine learning has made remarkable progress in many important tasks. However, the gate complexity of the initial state preparation is seldom considered in lots of quantum machine learning algorithms, making them non-end-to-end. Herein, we propose a quantum algorithm for the node embedding problem that maps a node graph’s topological structure to embedding vectors. The resulting quantum embedding state can be used as an input for other quantum machine learning algorithms. With qubits to store the information of nodes, our algorithm will not lose quantum advantage for the subsequent quantum information processing. Moreover, owing to the use of a parameterized quantum circuit with depth, the resulting state can serve as an efficient quantum database. In addition, we explored the measurement complexity of the quantum node embedding algorithm, which is the main issue in training parameters, and extended the algorithm to capture high-order neighborhood information between nodes. Finally, we experimentally demonstrated our algorithm on an nuclear magnetic resonance quantum processor to solve a graph model.
量子机器学习在许多重要任务中取得了显著进展。然而,许多量子机器学习算法很少考虑初始状态准备的门复杂性,这使得它们无法实现端对端。在这里,我们提出了一种节点嵌入问题的量子算法,它能将节点图的拓扑结构映射为嵌入向量。由此产生的量子嵌入状态可用作其他量子机器学习算法的输入。我们的算法使用 O(log(N)) 量子位来存储 N 个节点的信息,因此在后续的量子信息处理中不会失去量子优势。此外,由于使用了深度为 O(poly(log(N)) 的参数化量子电路,所得到的状态可以作为高效的量子数据库。此外,我们还探索了量子节点嵌入算法的测量复杂度(这是训练参数的主要问题),并扩展了该算法以捕获节点间的高阶邻域信息。最后,我们在核磁共振量子处理器上实验演示了我们的算法,以求解一个图模型。
{"title":"Variational quantum algorithm for node embedding","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Quantum machine learning has made remarkable progress in many important tasks. However, the gate complexity of the initial state preparation is seldom considered in lots of quantum machine learning algorithms, making them non-end-to-end. Herein, we propose a quantum algorithm for the node embedding problem that maps a node graph’s topological structure to embedding vectors. The resulting quantum embedding state can be used as an input for other quantum machine learning algorithms. With <span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>log</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> qubits to store the information of <span><math><mi>N</mi></math></span> nodes, our algorithm will not lose quantum advantage for the subsequent quantum information processing. Moreover, owing to the use of a parameterized quantum circuit with <span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><mo>(</mo><mtext>poly</mtext><mo>(</mo><mi>log</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>)</mo><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> depth, the resulting state can serve as an efficient quantum database. In addition, we explored the measurement complexity of the quantum node embedding algorithm, which is the main issue in training parameters, and extended the algorithm to capture high-order neighborhood information between nodes. Finally, we experimentally demonstrated our algorithm on an nuclear magnetic resonance quantum processor to solve a graph model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667325823002728/pdfft?md5=7c9cbbcda04363c419f2147a225c26cb&pid=1-s2.0-S2667325823002728-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135761942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.006
Mu Mu , Bo Qin , Guokun Dai
{"title":"A commentary of “Artificial intelligence models bring new breakthroughs in global accurate weather forecasting”: Top 10 Scientific Advances of 2023, China","authors":"Mu Mu , Bo Qin , Guokun Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266732582400116X/pdfft?md5=f7a5f09cc01a132a88c426e11896e4b8&pid=1-s2.0-S266732582400116X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140269682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.021
Wei Li , Guangshuo Ou
{"title":"A commentary of “Rhythmic cilia changes support SCN neuron coherence in circadian clock”: Top 10 Scientific Advances of 2023, China","authors":"Wei Li , Guangshuo Ou","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667325824001377/pdfft?md5=28d5b554e4cb413af1448a028ca70fe8&pid=1-s2.0-S2667325824001377-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140759080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.05.028
Aqiang Lin , Gaowen Liu , Ran Chang , Yan Chen , Qing Feng
Thermal boundary conditions of the turbine disk cavity system are of great importance in the design of secondary air systems in aero-engines. This study aims to investigate the complex heat transfer mechanisms of a rotating turbine disk under high-speed conditions. A high-speed rotating free-disk model with Dorfman empirical solutions is developed to evaluate the heat transfer performance considering various factors. Specifically, the influence of compressibility, variable properties, and heat dissipation is determined using theoretical and numerical analyses. In particular, a novel combined solution method is proposed to simplify the complex heat transfer problem. The results indicate that the heat transfer performance of a free disk is primarily influenced by the rotating Mach number, rotating Reynolds number, Rossby number, and wall temperature ratio. The heat transfer temperature and Nusselt number of the free disk are strongly correlated with the rotating Mach number and rotating Reynolds number. Analysis reveals that heat dissipation is a critical factor affecting the accurate evaluation of the heat transfer performance of the turbine disk. Thus, the combined solution method can serve as a reference for future investigations of flow and heat transfer in high-speed rotating turbine disk cavity systems in aero-engines.
{"title":"Comprehensive evaluations of heat transfer performance with conjugate heat dissipation effect in high-speed rotating free-disk modeling of aero-engines","authors":"Aqiang Lin , Gaowen Liu , Ran Chang , Yan Chen , Qing Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.05.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.05.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermal boundary conditions of the turbine disk cavity system are of great importance in the design of secondary air systems in aero-engines. This study aims to investigate the complex heat transfer mechanisms of a rotating turbine disk under high-speed conditions. A high-speed rotating free-disk model with Dorfman empirical solutions is developed to evaluate the heat transfer performance considering various factors. Specifically, the influence of compressibility, variable properties, and heat dissipation is determined using theoretical and numerical analyses. In particular, a novel combined solution method is proposed to simplify the complex heat transfer problem. The results indicate that the heat transfer performance of a free disk is primarily influenced by the rotating Mach number, rotating Reynolds number, Rossby number, and wall temperature ratio. The heat transfer temperature and Nusselt number of the free disk are strongly correlated with the rotating Mach number and rotating Reynolds number. Analysis reveals that heat dissipation is a critical factor affecting the accurate evaluation of the heat transfer performance of the turbine disk. Thus, the combined solution method can serve as a reference for future investigations of flow and heat transfer in high-speed rotating turbine disk cavity systems in aero-engines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667325822002898/pdfft?md5=4ecf5f49c42de4186d8b455dfee1b58d&pid=1-s2.0-S2667325822002898-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45650086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.011
Lin Chen , Chengyu Li , Bijun Li , Xiaofan Zhou , Yulin Bai , Xiaoqing Zou , Zhixiong Zhou , Qian He , Baohua Chen , Mei Wang , Yaguo Xue , Zhou Jiang , Jianxin Feng , Tao Zhou , Zhanjiang Liu , Peng Xu
Hybridization and polyploidization have made great contributions to speciation, heterosis, and agricultural production within plants, but there is still limited understanding and utilization in animals. Subgenome structure and expression reorganization and cooperation post hybridization and polyploidization are essential for speciation and allopolyploid success. However, the mechanisms have not yet been comprehensively assessed in animals. Here, we produced a high-fidelity reference genome sequence for common carp, a typical allotetraploid fish species cultured worldwide. This genome enabled in-depth analysis of the evolution of subgenome architecture and expression responses. Most genes were expressed with subgenome biases, with a trend of transition from the expression of subgenome A during the early stages to that of subgenome B during the late stages of embryonic development. While subgenome A evolved more rapidly, subgenome B contributed to a greater level of expression during development and under stressful conditions. Stable dominant patterns for homoeologous gene pairs both during development and under thermal stress suggest a potential fixed heterosis in the allotetraploid genome. Preferentially expressing either copy of a homoeologous gene at higher levels to confer development and response to stress indicates the dominant effect of heterosis. The plasticity of subgenomes and their shifting of dominant expression during early development, and in response to stressful conditions, provide novel insights into the molecular basis of the successful speciation, evolution, and heterosis of the allotetraploid common carp.
杂交和多倍体化对植物的物种演化、异交和农业生产做出了巨大贡献,但对动物的了解和利用仍然有限。杂交和多倍体化后的亚基因组结构和表达重组与合作对于物种演化和异源多倍体的成功至关重要。然而,这些机制尚未在动物中得到全面评估。在这里,我们为鲤鱼--一种典型的全球养殖的异源四倍体鱼类--制作了一个高保真参考基因组序列。通过该基因组可以深入分析亚基因组结构和表达反应的进化。大多数基因的表达具有亚基因组偏向,其表达趋势是从胚胎发育早期的亚基因组 A 过渡到晚期的亚基因组 B。虽然亚基因组 A 的进化更快,但亚基因组 B 在发育过程中和应激条件下的表达水平更高。同源基因对在发育过程中和热胁迫条件下的稳定显性模式表明,异源四倍体基因组中存在潜在的固定异质性。同源基因的任一拷贝在较高水平上的优先表达能促进发育并对胁迫做出反应,这表明异源基因的显性效应。亚基因组的可塑性及其在早期发育和应激条件下的优势表达转移,为了解异源四倍体鲤鱼成功的物种分化、进化和杂交的分子基础提供了新的视角。
{"title":"Evolutionary divergence of subgenomes in common carp provides insights into speciation and allopolyploid success","authors":"Lin Chen , Chengyu Li , Bijun Li , Xiaofan Zhou , Yulin Bai , Xiaoqing Zou , Zhixiong Zhou , Qian He , Baohua Chen , Mei Wang , Yaguo Xue , Zhou Jiang , Jianxin Feng , Tao Zhou , Zhanjiang Liu , Peng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hybridization and polyploidization have made great contributions to speciation, heterosis, and agricultural production within plants, but there is still limited understanding and utilization in animals. Subgenome structure and expression reorganization and cooperation post hybridization and polyploidization are essential for speciation and allopolyploid success. However, the mechanisms have not yet been comprehensively assessed in animals. Here, we produced a high-fidelity reference genome sequence for common carp, a typical allotetraploid fish species cultured worldwide. This genome enabled in-depth analysis of the evolution of subgenome architecture and expression responses. Most genes were expressed with subgenome biases, with a trend of transition from the expression of subgenome A during the early stages to that of subgenome B during the late stages of embryonic development. While subgenome A evolved more rapidly, subgenome B contributed to a greater level of expression during development and under stressful conditions. Stable dominant patterns for homoeologous gene pairs both during development and under thermal stress suggest a potential fixed heterosis in the allotetraploid genome. Preferentially expressing either copy of a homoeologous gene at higher levels to confer development and response to stress indicates the dominant effect of heterosis. The plasticity of subgenomes and their shifting of dominant expression during early development, and in response to stressful conditions, provide novel insights into the molecular basis of the successful speciation, evolution, and heterosis of the allotetraploid common carp.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667325823001978/pdfft?md5=cb9ab4ed3299042173c1cac283a2419e&pid=1-s2.0-S2667325823001978-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49508857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.030
Jianping Huang , Li Zhang , Bin Chen , Xiaoyue Liu , Wei Yan , Yingjie Zhao , Siyu Chen , Xinbo Lian , Chuwei Liu , Rui Wang , Shuoyuan Gao , Danfeng Wang
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe global public health emergency that has caused a major crisis in the safety of human life, health, global economy, and social order. Moreover, COVID-19 poses significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. The prediction and early warning of infectious diseases on a global scale are the premise and basis for countries to jointly fight epidemics. However, because of the complexity of epidemics, predicting infectious diseases on a global scale faces significant challenges. In this study, we developed the second version of Global Prediction System for Epidemiological Pandemic (GPEP-2), which combines statistical methods with a modified epidemiological model. The GPEP-2 introduces various parameterization schemes for both impacts of natural factors (seasonal variations in weather and environmental impacts) and human social behaviors (government control and isolation, personnel gathered, indoor propagation, virus mutation, and vaccination). The GPEP-2 successfully predicted the COVID-19 pandemic in over 180 countries with an average accuracy rate of 82.7%. It also provided prediction and decision-making bases for several regional-scale COVID-19 pandemic outbreaks in China, with an average accuracy rate of 89.3%. Results showed that both anthropogenic and natural factors can affect virus spread and control measures in the early stages of an epidemic can effectively control the spread. The predicted results could serve as a reference for public health planning and policymaking.
{"title":"Development of the second version of Global Prediction System for Epidemiological Pandemic","authors":"Jianping Huang , Li Zhang , Bin Chen , Xiaoyue Liu , Wei Yan , Yingjie Zhao , Siyu Chen , Xinbo Lian , Chuwei Liu , Rui Wang , Shuoyuan Gao , Danfeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe global public health emergency that has caused a major crisis in the safety of human life, health, global economy, and social order. Moreover, COVID-19 poses significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide. The prediction and early warning of infectious diseases on a global scale are the premise and basis for countries to jointly fight epidemics. However, because of the complexity of epidemics, predicting infectious diseases on a global scale faces significant challenges. In this study, we developed the second version of Global Prediction System for Epidemiological Pandemic (GPEP-2), which combines statistical methods with a modified epidemiological model. The GPEP-2 introduces various parameterization schemes for both impacts of natural factors (seasonal variations in weather and environmental impacts) and human social behaviors (government control and isolation, personnel gathered, indoor propagation, virus mutation, and vaccination). The GPEP-2 successfully predicted the COVID-19 pandemic in over 180 countries with an average accuracy rate of 82.7%. It also provided prediction and decision-making bases for several regional-scale COVID-19 pandemic outbreaks in China, with an average accuracy rate of 89.3%. Results showed that both anthropogenic and natural factors can affect virus spread and control measures in the early stages of an epidemic can effectively control the spread. The predicted results could serve as a reference for public health planning and policymaking.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667325823002303/pdfft?md5=f6f05e31e650b1be393686fa8ee355af&pid=1-s2.0-S2667325823002303-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135248862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.04.022
Jiajun Wang , Guangjin Wang , Han Wu , Fei Liu , Xixi Ren , Yidu Wang , Yanhui Cao , Qi Lu , Xuerong Zheng , Xiaopeng Han , Yida Deng , Wenbin Hu
Constructing structure-function relationships is critical for the rational design and development of efficient catalysts for CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR). In2O3 is well-known for its specific ability to produce formic acid. However, how the crystal phase and surface affect the CO2RR activity is still unclear, making it difficult to further improve the intrinsic activity and screen for the most active structure. In this work, cubic and hexagonal In2O3 with different stable surfaces ((111) and (110) for cubic, (120) and (104) for hexagonal) are investigated for CO2RR. Theoretical results demonstrate that the adsorption of reactants on cubic In2O3 is stronger than that on hexagonal In2O3, with the cubic (111) surface being the most active for CO2RR. In experiments, synthesized cubic In2O3 nanosheets with predominantly exposed (111) surfaces exhibited a high HCOO– Faradaic efficiency (87.5%) and HCOO– current density (–16.7 mA cm–2) at –0.9 V vs RHE. In addition, an aqueous Zn-CO2 battery based on a cubic In2O3 cathode was assembled. Our work correlates the phases and surfaces with the CO2RR activity, and provides a fundamental understanding of the structure-function relationship of In2O3, thereby contributing to further improvements in its CO2RR activity. Moreover, the results provide a principle for the directional preparation of materials with optimal phases and surfaces for efficient electrocatalysis.
{"title":"Correlating the crystal structure and facet of indium oxides with their activities for CO2 electroreduction","authors":"Jiajun Wang , Guangjin Wang , Han Wu , Fei Liu , Xixi Ren , Yidu Wang , Yanhui Cao , Qi Lu , Xuerong Zheng , Xiaopeng Han , Yida Deng , Wenbin Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.04.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.04.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Constructing structure-function relationships is critical for the rational design and development of efficient catalysts for CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR). In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is well-known for its specific ability to produce formic acid. However, how the crystal phase and surface affect the CO<sub>2</sub>RR activity is still unclear, making it difficult to further improve the intrinsic activity and screen for the most active structure. In this work, cubic and hexagonal In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with different stable surfaces ((111) and (110) for cubic, (120) and (104) for hexagonal) are investigated for CO<sub>2</sub>RR. Theoretical results demonstrate that the adsorption of reactants on cubic In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is stronger than that on hexagonal In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, with the cubic (111) surface being the most active for CO<sub>2</sub>RR. In experiments, synthesized cubic In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanosheets with predominantly exposed (111) surfaces exhibited a high HCOO<sup>–</sup> Faradaic efficiency (87.5%) and HCOO<sup>–</sup> current density (–16.7 mA cm<sup>–2</sup>) at –0.9 V vs RHE. In addition, an aqueous Zn-CO<sub>2</sub> battery based on a cubic In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> cathode was assembled. Our work correlates the phases and surfaces with the CO<sub>2</sub>RR activity, and provides a fundamental understanding of the structure-function relationship of In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, thereby contributing to further improvements in its CO<sub>2</sub>RR activity. Moreover, the results provide a principle for the directional preparation of materials with optimal phases and surfaces for efficient electrocatalysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667325822002187/pdfft?md5=d628905e5ad823a6d25da93b01b60416&pid=1-s2.0-S2667325822002187-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46568617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.03.022
Zhongxue Tang , Kang Luan , Bojie Xu , Huan Liu
Unidirectional liquid transport (UDLT) has been widely used in various fields as an important process for transferring both mass and energy. However, UDLT driven by a structural gradient has been witnessed for a long time only in wettable liquids. For nonwettable liquids, UDLT can hardly proceed merely by a structural gradient. Herein, we propose an asymmetrically concave structured surface (AMC-surface), featuring tip-to-base periodically arranged pyramid-shaped concave structures with a certain degree of overlap, which enables the UDLT of both wettable and nonwettable liquids. For wettable liquids, the capillary force along each corner leads to the UDLT pointing toward the base side of the concave pyramid, while for nonwettable liquids, the UDLT is attributable to the static liquid pressure overwhelming the repulsive Laplace pressure induced by the asymmetric grooves and overlapping part. As a result, both wettable and nonwettable liquids transport spontaneously and unidirectionally on the AMC-surface with no energy input. Moreover, the concave structure endows good mechanical stability and can be easily prepared using a facile nail-punching approach over a large area. We also demonstrated its application in a continuous chemical reaction in a confined area. We envision that the unique UDLT behavior on the as-developed AMC-surface will shed new light on the programmable manipulation of various liquids.
{"title":"Unidirectional transport of both wettable and nonwettable liquids on an asymmetrically concave structured surface","authors":"Zhongxue Tang , Kang Luan , Bojie Xu , Huan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2022.03.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmre.2022.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Unidirectional liquid transport (UDLT) has been widely used in various fields as an important process for transferring both mass and energy. However, UDLT driven by a structural gradient has been witnessed for a long time only in wettable liquids. For nonwettable liquids, UDLT can hardly proceed merely by a structural gradient. Herein, we propose an asymmetrically concave structured surface (AMC-surface), featuring tip-to-base periodically arranged pyramid-shaped concave structures with a certain degree of overlap, which enables the UDLT of both wettable and nonwettable liquids. For wettable liquids, the capillary force along each corner leads to the UDLT pointing toward the base side of the concave pyramid, while for nonwettable liquids, the UDLT is attributable to the static liquid pressure overwhelming the repulsive Laplace pressure induced by the asymmetric grooves and overlapping part. As a result, both wettable and nonwettable liquids transport spontaneously and unidirectionally on the AMC-surface with no energy input. Moreover, the concave structure endows good mechanical stability and can be easily prepared using a facile nail-punching approach over a large area. We also demonstrated its application in a continuous chemical reaction in a confined area. We envision that the unique UDLT behavior on the as-developed AMC-surface will shed new light on the programmable manipulation of various liquids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266732582200190X/pdfft?md5=1215123dce5689add7f8be6a39017819&pid=1-s2.0-S266732582200190X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}