Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.003
Jing-Ling Chen , Xing-Yan Fan , Xiang-Ru Xie
The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect is an important discovery of quantum theory. It serves as a surprising quantum phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle can be affected by an electromagnetic potential, despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field and electric field are zero. This fact gives the electromagnetic potentials greater significance in quantum physics than in classical physics. The original AB effect belongs to an “electromagnetic type”. A certain vector potential is crucial for building a certain type of AB effect. In this work, we focus on the “spin”, which is an intrinsic property of microscopic particles that has been widely accepted nowadays. First, we propose the hypothesis of spin vector potential by considering a particle with a spin operator. Second, to verify the existence of such a spin vector potential, we present a gedanken double-slit interference experiment (i.e., the spin AB effect), which is possible to be observed in the lab. Third, we apply the spin vector potential to naturally explain why there were the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya-type interaction and the dipole-dipole interaction between spins, and also predict a new type of spin-orbital interaction.
{"title":"Spin vector potential and spin Aharonov-Bohm effect","authors":"Jing-Ling Chen , Xing-Yan Fan , Xiang-Ru Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect is an important discovery of quantum theory. It serves as a surprising quantum phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle can be affected by an electromagnetic potential, despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field and electric field are zero. This fact gives the electromagnetic potentials greater significance in quantum physics than in classical physics. The original AB effect belongs to an “electromagnetic type”. A certain vector potential is crucial for building a certain type of AB effect. In this work, we focus on the “spin”, which is an intrinsic property of microscopic particles that has been widely accepted nowadays. First, we propose the hypothesis of <em>spin vector potential</em> by considering a particle with a spin operator. Second, to verify the existence of such a spin vector potential, we present a gedanken double-slit interference experiment (i.e., the spin AB effect), which is possible to be observed in the lab. Third, we apply the spin vector potential to naturally explain why there were the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya-type interaction and the dipole-dipole interaction between spins, and also predict a new type of spin-orbital interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2500-2504"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136010070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.006
L. Yang , C.J. Lin , N.R. Ma , P.W. Wen , H.M. Jia , F. Yang
The present work provides a literature survey of breakup reactions induced by weakly bound nuclei at energies around the Coulomb barrier. We review the inclusive and exclusive breakup data of stable weakly bound nuclei Li and Be, as well as light radioactive projectiles reported within the last decade. Several theoretical and data analysis tools used to describe the data are reviewed as well. Similarities and differences in the behavior of breakup reactions involving these weakly bound nuclei are discussed. It is found that, for Li and Be, transfer-triggered breakup is a significant mode, which, however, is not observed in drip-line nuclear systems. Moreover, differences in the breakup dynamics and the contribution of breakup to the total reaction cross section at energies close to the Coulomb barrier seem to emerge between neutron-halo and proton-halo systems. Possible explanations for the observed differences are discussed.
{"title":"Breakup dynamics of weakly bound nuclei at energies around the Coulomb barrier","authors":"L. Yang , C.J. Lin , N.R. Ma , P.W. Wen , H.M. Jia , F. Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work provides a literature survey of breakup reactions induced by weakly bound nuclei at energies around the Coulomb barrier. We review the inclusive and exclusive breakup data of stable weakly bound nuclei <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Li and <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mn>9</mn></msup></math></span>Be, as well as light radioactive projectiles reported within the last decade. Several theoretical and data analysis tools used to describe the data are reviewed as well. Similarities and differences in the behavior of breakup reactions involving these weakly bound nuclei are discussed. It is found that, for <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>Li and <span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mn>9</mn></msup></math></span>Be, transfer-triggered breakup is a significant mode, which, however, is not observed in drip-line nuclear systems. Moreover, differences in the breakup dynamics and the contribution of breakup to the total reaction cross section at energies close to the Coulomb barrier seem to emerge between neutron-halo and proton-halo systems. Possible explanations for the observed differences are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2463-2473"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135515216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.01.014
Jiang Wang , Tian-Tian Wang , Robert Conka , Dagmar R. D'hooge , Zheng-Hong Luo , Yin-Ning Zhou
Polymer circularity has received increasing attention due to ecological benefits, by which plastic waste should be reused or converted into high-value products in an economic framework balanced with virgin polymer production. From a chemical engineering point of view, the understanding of reaction kinetics and chemical modifications plays a crucial role in improving the process towards polymer circularity. This reaction kinetics is connected to molecular variations for which (micro)kinetic models are essential. In this perspective, the main kinetic simulation methods are summarized, focusing on their respective characteristics and challenges, besides differentiating between deterministic and stochastic methods. The application of kinetic simulations in polymer circularity processes is clarified in the form of three case studies, including (i) mechanical recycling with deliberate chemical modification by reactive extrusion, (ii) chemical recycling aiming at monomer recovery, and (iii) recycling-by-design aiming at vitrimer molecular design. Attention is also paid to the relevance of benchmarking the methods applied.
{"title":"Pushing forward kinetic modeling tools for polymer circularity design and recycling","authors":"Jiang Wang , Tian-Tian Wang , Robert Conka , Dagmar R. D'hooge , Zheng-Hong Luo , Yin-Ning Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.01.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer circularity has received increasing attention due to ecological benefits, by which plastic waste should be reused or converted into high-value products in an economic framework balanced with virgin polymer production. From a chemical engineering point of view, the understanding of reaction kinetics and chemical modifications plays a crucial role in improving the process towards polymer circularity. This reaction kinetics is connected to molecular variations for which (micro)kinetic models are essential. In this perspective, the main kinetic simulation methods are summarized, focusing on their respective characteristics and challenges, besides differentiating between deterministic and stochastic methods. The application of kinetic simulations in polymer circularity processes is clarified in the form of three case studies, including (i) mechanical recycling with deliberate chemical modification by reactive extrusion, (ii) chemical recycling aiming at monomer recovery, and (iii) recycling-by-design aiming at vitrimer molecular design. Attention is also paid to the relevance of benchmarking the methods applied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2553-2562"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.06.006
Xiaolan Fan , Xue Tian , Mingzhou Li
Global warming has intensified the threat of heat stress in pig husbandry, with the intestine emerging as a primary target of heat-induced injury. This perspective reviews recent advances in our understanding of the complex effects of heat stress on porcine intestinal health. We highlight current intervention strategies implemented in pig farming to enhance resilience against heat stress and mitigate associated intestinal damage. These strategies offer promising avenues to preserve pig health and improve productivity under rising environmental temperatures.
{"title":"Challenges of heat stress on intestinal health in pig husbandry","authors":"Xiaolan Fan , Xue Tian , Mingzhou Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global warming has intensified the threat of heat stress in pig husbandry, with the intestine emerging as a primary target of heat-induced injury. This perspective reviews recent advances in our understanding of the complex effects of heat stress on porcine intestinal health. We highlight current intervention strategies implemented in pig farming to enhance resilience against heat stress and mitigate associated intestinal damage. These strategies offer promising avenues to preserve pig health and improve productivity under rising environmental temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2607-2611"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.007
Xuan Guo , Suying Liu , Lei Zhou , Bin Xue , Yongpeng Huang , Junwen Li , Jinyi Zhong , Chao Zhong
Chemical agents (CAs) and their analogues, as representative persistent organic pollutants, are of serious global concerns and can have devastating impacts on environments and human beings. Enzymes used for decontamination of such chemical pollutions often lack high efficacy and robustness against environmental pressures, thereby limiting their practical application in bioremediation. Here, we report living materials based on genetically engineered biofilms that exhibit remarkable enzymatic activities, superior environmental tolerance, self-regeneration, recyclable usage, and tunable functionality. We show that the designer living materials can degrade CAs and pesticides with high efficacy in an eco-friendly manner, and our systems enable actual elimination of CAs pollution in water and soil. The degradation capacity of the designer living materials can achieve more than 95% for 5 mg/ml HD, 5 mg/ml GD and 5 mg/ml VX within 60 min under laboratory conditions, and the turnover numbers of the designer living materials for HD, GD, and VX have increased by more than 1.3 times compared with free enzymes. In addition, the relative activities of the designer living materials remained almost unchanged after 5 recycles, retaining over 95% of their initial catalytic activities even after the final cycle. Combining the adhesive engineered biofilm living materials with electropositive granule media to form a bifunctional composite material, we further demonstrate coinstantaneous removal of biological and chemical pollutants in environmental water. Our work thus establishes a general approach to improve the robustness of enzymes against environmental pressures and provides a sustainable method for decontamination of chemical and biological pollutions.
{"title":"Effective disposal and remediation of chemical agents with designer living biofilm materials in soil and water","authors":"Xuan Guo , Suying Liu , Lei Zhou , Bin Xue , Yongpeng Huang , Junwen Li , Jinyi Zhong , Chao Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemical agents (CAs) and their analogues, as representative persistent organic pollutants, are of serious global concerns and can have devastating impacts on environments and human beings. Enzymes used for decontamination of such chemical pollutions often lack high efficacy and robustness against environmental pressures, thereby limiting their practical application in bioremediation. Here, we report living materials based on genetically engineered biofilms that exhibit remarkable enzymatic activities, superior environmental tolerance, self-regeneration, recyclable usage, and tunable functionality. We show that the designer living materials can degrade CAs and pesticides with high efficacy in an eco-friendly manner, and our systems enable actual elimination of CAs pollution in water and soil. The degradation capacity of the designer living materials can achieve more than 95% for 5 mg/ml HD, 5 mg/ml GD and 5 mg/ml VX within 60 min under laboratory conditions, and the turnover numbers of the designer living materials for HD, GD, and VX have increased by more than 1.3 times compared with free enzymes. In addition, the relative activities of the designer living materials remained almost unchanged after 5 recycles, retaining over 95% of their initial catalytic activities even after the final cycle. Combining the adhesive engineered biofilm living materials with electropositive granule media to form a bifunctional composite material, we further demonstrate coinstantaneous removal of biological and chemical pollutants in environmental water. Our work thus establishes a general approach to improve the robustness of enzymes against environmental pressures and provides a sustainable method for decontamination of chemical and biological pollutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2571-2579"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49593086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.07.013
Yiyun Lou , Yaoqian Liu , Mingxuan Wu , Gaogan Jia , Mingyu Xia , Wenyan Li
The inner ear is one of the most complicated structures that harbor organs for the perception of sound and balance, which is deep in the temporal bone and challenging to operate. Organoids serve as promising platforms for understanding developmental processes and pathological dysfunctions and discovering therapeutic drugs and gene therapy strategies for disorders in the inner ear. To better understand the origin and application value of organoids, we reviewed the developmental history and advancement of inner ear organoid research. We summarized the cell sources of organoids and the matrices supporting their formation. The history of the research on inner ear organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and primary progenitor cells has been clarified in detail. We elaborated on the applications of organoids in inner ear development, hereditary deafness modeling, and hair cell (HC) regeneration strategy formulation. Finally, we mentioned limitations of the current culture methods and applications of inner ear organoids, and described several prospects for optimizing next-generation organoids of the inner ear for potential translational applications.
{"title":"Inner ear organoids: Recent progress and potential applications","authors":"Yiyun Lou , Yaoqian Liu , Mingxuan Wu , Gaogan Jia , Mingyu Xia , Wenyan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inner ear is one of the most complicated structures that harbor organs for the perception of sound and balance, which is deep in the temporal bone and challenging to operate. Organoids serve as promising platforms for understanding developmental processes and pathological dysfunctions and discovering therapeutic drugs and gene therapy strategies for disorders in the inner ear. To better understand the origin and application value of organoids, we reviewed the developmental history and advancement of inner ear organoid research. We summarized the cell sources of organoids and the matrices supporting their formation. The history of the research on inner ear organoids derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and primary progenitor cells has been clarified in detail. We elaborated on the applications of organoids in inner ear development, hereditary deafness modeling, and hair cell (HC) regeneration strategy formulation. Finally, we mentioned limitations of the current culture methods and applications of inner ear organoids, and described several prospects for optimizing next-generation organoids of the inner ear for potential translational applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2926-2936"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138627511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.020
Jinyang Jiang , Shiyu Sui , Zhiyong Liu , Fengjuan Wang , Guoqing Geng
The green and low-carbon production of cement is the essential pathway for infrastructure sustainability and the implementation of a dual-carbon strategy. To mitigate the increasingly criticized environmental impact of cement production, silicoaluminate-based cementitious materials utilizing pozzolanic waste and low-grade materials have received considerable attention in recent years. They not only reduce CO2 emissions but also decrease the reliance on nonrenewable resources, thus promoting the sustainable development of building materials. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest research progress on low-carbon cementitious materials based on silicoaluminate and limestone. First, an introduction to the current low-carbon cementitious materials is provided that helps address the necessity of exploring silicoaluminate-based low-carbon cementitious materials. Then, the hydration and microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and durability characteristics of these new cementitious materials are analyzed. Furthermore, the net benefits of this low-carbon material sustainability are summarized from a life-cycle perspective. Finally, the paper suggests some directions for future research in this field.
{"title":"Research on silicoaluminate-based low-carbon cementitious material—A state-of-the-art review","authors":"Jinyang Jiang , Shiyu Sui , Zhiyong Liu , Fengjuan Wang , Guoqing Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The green and low-carbon production of cement is the essential pathway for infrastructure sustainability and the implementation of a dual-carbon strategy. To mitigate the increasingly criticized environmental impact of cement production, silicoaluminate-based cementitious materials utilizing pozzolanic waste and low-grade materials have received considerable attention in recent years. They not only reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions but also decrease the reliance on nonrenewable resources, thus promoting the sustainable development of building materials. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest research progress on low-carbon cementitious materials based on silicoaluminate and limestone. First, an introduction to the current low-carbon cementitious materials is provided that helps address the necessity of exploring silicoaluminate-based low-carbon cementitious materials. Then, the hydration and microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and durability characteristics of these new cementitious materials are analyzed. Furthermore, the net benefits of this low-carbon material sustainability are summarized from a life-cycle perspective. Finally, the paper suggests some directions for future research in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2799-2814"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141039080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.007
Li-Xin Xu , Fei Wang , Yao Yao , Minjie Yao , Yakov Kuzyakov , Guang-Hui Yu , Cong-Qiang Liu
Paddy fields, as the largest anthropogenic wetlands on Earth, face a high risk of micronutrient loss through surface runoff and leaching due to their frequent irrigation-drainage cycles, as well as removal with crop harvest. While micronutrient’s losses largely impede biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in soils, agricultural practices and mechanisms that retain micronutrients and thus increase BNF in paddy soils remain underexplored. Here we showed that the long-term (40 years) application of fertilizers increased the contents of microbial necromass in paddy soils by 20%–43% compared to the unfertilized control. In particular, long-term organic fertilizations increased poorly crystalline minerals through intensifying mineral weathering, which further contributed to the increased stable carbon burials in paddy soils. Synchrotron radiation based spectromicroscopy analysis provided direct evidence demonstrating a differential control of hydroxyl functional groups from mineral surfaces on C functional groups at the submicron scale in paddy soils. Notably, microbial necromass and short-range ordered minerals had a strong correlation with the content and bioavailability of micronutrients in paddy soils, indicating their key roles in the retention of micronutrients. Metagenomic sequencing analysis further indicated that the content and bioavailability of micronutrients were strongly correlated with the abundance of the key N-fixing genera (i.e., Azospirillum and Bradyrhizobium). Unexpectedly, structural equation modeling (SEM) identified that microbial necromass exerted the strongest control on N-fixing genera, highlighting an underappreciated role of microbial necromass as a reservoir of micronutrients. Based on micronutrient's bioavailability and metagenomic sequencing, we conclude that micronutrients are the key factor for BNF in paddy soils, offering significant implications for managing BNF in paddy soils.
{"title":"Key role of microbial necromass and iron minerals in retaining micronutrients and facilitating biological nitrogen fixation in paddy soils","authors":"Li-Xin Xu , Fei Wang , Yao Yao , Minjie Yao , Yakov Kuzyakov , Guang-Hui Yu , Cong-Qiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paddy fields, as the largest anthropogenic wetlands on Earth, face a high risk of micronutrient loss through surface runoff and leaching due to their frequent irrigation-drainage cycles, as well as removal with crop harvest. While micronutrient’s losses largely impede biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in soils, agricultural practices and mechanisms that retain micronutrients and thus increase BNF in paddy soils remain underexplored. Here we showed that the long-term (40 years) application of fertilizers increased the contents of microbial necromass in paddy soils by 20%–43% compared to the unfertilized control. In particular, long-term organic fertilizations increased poorly crystalline minerals through intensifying mineral weathering, which further contributed to the increased stable carbon burials in paddy soils. Synchrotron radiation based spectromicroscopy analysis provided direct evidence demonstrating a differential control of hydroxyl functional groups from mineral surfaces on C functional groups at the submicron scale in paddy soils. Notably, microbial necromass and short-range ordered minerals had a strong correlation with the content and bioavailability of micronutrients in paddy soils, indicating their key roles in the retention of micronutrients. Metagenomic sequencing analysis further indicated that the content and bioavailability of micronutrients were strongly correlated with the abundance of the key N-fixing genera (i.e., Azospirillum and Bradyrhizobium). Unexpectedly, structural equation modeling (SEM) identified that microbial necromass exerted the strongest control on N-fixing genera, highlighting an underappreciated role of microbial necromass as a reservoir of micronutrients. Based on micronutrient's bioavailability and metagenomic sequencing, we conclude that micronutrients are the key factor for BNF in paddy soils, offering significant implications for managing BNF in paddy soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2612-2621"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140088034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.008
Na Chu , Xiaobing Wu , Ziyue Zhao , Xue Zheng , Yilin Lu , Ying Pu , Yue Wang , Jiayi Cai , Lixia Zhang , Xiaohong He , Daping Li , Raymond Jianxiong Zeng , Yangyang Yu , Yong Jiang
The demand for converting CO2 into fuels or chemicals is on the rise to achieve a carbon-efficient circular economy. Biohybrid CO2 electrolysis shows potential for increasing production rates and diversifying product spectra by combining electrocatalysts and microbial catalysts. However, it is important to note that utilizing a shared catholyte for biohybrid CO2 electrolysis has not demonstrated significant performance improvements to date. In this study, we developed a biohybrid CO2 electrolysis system utilizing a solid electrolyte operating in an external mode. The produced formic acid was extracted and used as an intermediate for microbial conversion. Impressively, the solid-electrolyte CO2 electrolysers obtained a remarkable total Faradic efficiency of 81.4% for formic acid production. In-situ mechanism studies unveiled metallic tin as the probable real active site, prompting further exploration of strategies to boost the activity and stability of electrocatalysts. In the bioconversion step, we achieved a noteworthy 8-day duration for generating bioelectricity, nearly 100% electron recovery for biomethane production, and 90.8% for acetate generation. Additionally, when ethanol was co-fed, a C6 specificity of 41.1% was observed for the generation of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs). This study presents groundbreaking experimental data that demonstrates the numerous advantages of utilizing hybrid systems as advanced synthesis techniques.
{"title":"Biohybrid CO2 electrolysis under external mode: Using pure formic acid extracted from CO2 electroreduction for diverse microbial conversion","authors":"Na Chu , Xiaobing Wu , Ziyue Zhao , Xue Zheng , Yilin Lu , Ying Pu , Yue Wang , Jiayi Cai , Lixia Zhang , Xiaohong He , Daping Li , Raymond Jianxiong Zeng , Yangyang Yu , Yong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for converting CO<sub>2</sub> into fuels or chemicals is on the rise to achieve a carbon-efficient circular economy. Biohybrid CO<sub>2</sub> electrolysis shows potential for increasing production rates and diversifying product spectra by combining electrocatalysts and microbial catalysts. However, it is important to note that utilizing a shared catholyte for biohybrid CO<sub>2</sub> electrolysis has not demonstrated significant performance improvements to date. In this study, we developed a biohybrid CO<sub>2</sub> electrolysis system utilizing a solid electrolyte operating in an external mode. The produced formic acid was extracted and used as an intermediate for microbial conversion. Impressively, the solid-electrolyte CO<sub>2</sub> electrolysers obtained a remarkable total Faradic efficiency of 81.4% for formic acid production. <em>In-situ</em> mechanism studies unveiled metallic tin as the probable real active site, prompting further exploration of strategies to boost the activity and stability of electrocatalysts. In the bioconversion step, we achieved a noteworthy 8-day duration for generating bioelectricity, nearly 100% electron recovery for biomethane production, and 90.8% for acetate generation. Additionally, when ethanol was co-fed, a C<sub>6</sub> specificity of 41.1% was observed for the generation of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs). This study presents groundbreaking experimental data that demonstrates the numerous advantages of utilizing hybrid systems as advanced synthesis techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2597-2606"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140091403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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