Fundamental Research最新文献

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Can competitive effects and responses of alien and native species predict invasion outcomes? 外来物种和本地物种的竞争效应和反应能否预测入侵结果？

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.05.001

Tingting Wu , Yuanzhi Li , Marc W. Cadotte , Oscar Godoy , Chengjin Chu

The relative competitive ability of native and alien species, which consists of competitive effect (CE) and response (CR), has often been invoked as a key determinant of invasion success. Previous studies have reported that an alien species with a high CE and/or a low CR would successfully invade a native species. However, no studies have yet empirically examined the hypothesis or tested the consistency of invasion outcomes predicted by the CE-CR framework and modern species coexistence theory (MCT). To fill this research gap, we conducted a pairwise competition experiment between five alien and five native species, quantified CE and CR based on their biomass in the absence and presence of one competitor, and predicted invasion outcomes based on both CE-CR and MCT frameworks. We have demonstrated theoretically that the CE and CR frequently measured in previous work are only approximations of interspecific competitive coefficients, and thus could not completely predict the invasion outcomes. As we expected, the invasion outcomes predicted by the CE-CR framework were partially consistent with the predictions by the MCT framework. Specifically, aliens with low CR and high CE tended to exclude natives, while aliens with high CR and low CE tended to be excluded by natives according to MCT. In contrast, pairs of stable coexistence and priority effects did not conform to the theoretical expectation. Despite the theoretical defects of the CE-CR framework, it can provide some useful value in predicting the invasion outcomes, especially when intrinsic growth rate and intraspecific competition coefficients are not available. Our study is the first to compare invasion outcomes separately derived from qualitative (the CE-CR framework) and quantitative (the MCT framework) methods. We recommend that future research should adopt quantitative approaches such as MCT as far as possible, to more comprehensively understand and predict the biotic outcomes of interacting species.

本地和外来物种的相对竞争能力，包括竞争效应（CE）和反应（CR），通常被认为是入侵成功的关键决定因素。以前的研究报道了具有高CE和/或低CR的外来物种能够成功入侵本地物种。然而，目前还没有研究对这一假设进行实证检验，也没有研究对CE-CR框架与现代物种共存理论（MCT）预测的入侵结果的一致性进行检验。为了填补这一研究空白，我们在5种外来物种和5种本地物种之间进行了配对竞争实验，根据缺乏和存在一个竞争对手时的生物量量化了CE和CR，并基于CE-CR和MCT框架预测了入侵结果。我们已经从理论上证明，以往工作中经常测量的CE和CR只是种间竞争系数的近似值，因此不能完全预测入侵结果。正如我们所料，CE-CR框架预测的入侵结果与MCT框架的预测部分一致。具体来说，根据MCT，低CR和高CE的外来者倾向于排斥本地人，而高CR和低CE的外来者倾向于被本地人排斥。而对稳定共存和优先效应则不符合理论预期。尽管CE-CR框架存在理论缺陷，但它在预测入侵结果方面具有一定的实用价值，特别是在内在生长速率和种内竞争系数不确定的情况下。我们的研究首次比较了定性（CE-CR框架）和定量（MCT框架）方法分别得出的入侵结果。我们建议未来的研究应尽可能采用MCT等定量方法，以更全面地了解和预测相互作用物种的生物结果。

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引用次数: 0

Multicolor management of smart fluorescent polymeric hydrogels 智能荧光聚合物水凝胶的多色管理

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.07.006

Muqing Si , Wei Lu , Tao Chen

Fluorescent polymeric hydrogels (FPHs) are rising stars of luminescent materials because of their considerable prospects in a wide range of advancing domains. However, challenges exist in broadening their color tunability, which is the key to developing multicolor FPHs (MFPHs) for actual applications in cutting-edge frontiers. In this perspective, we summarize the state-of-the-art strategies for fabricating MFPHs and discuss the remaining challenges.

荧光聚合物水凝胶（FPHs）是发光材料领域的一颗冉冉升起的新星，在许多先进的领域具有广阔的前景。然而，扩大其颜色可调性存在挑战，这是开发多色FPHs （MFPHs）在前沿领域实际应用的关键。从这个角度来看，我们总结了制造MFPHs的最新策略，并讨论了剩余的挑战。

引用次数: 0

Management and utilization of triplet excitons in organic optoelectronic devices 有机光电器件中三重态激子的管理与利用

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.05.009

Can Gao , Zhagen Miao , Wallace W.H. Wong , Trevor A. Smith , Shih-Chun Lo , Wenping Hu , Ebinazar B. Namdas , Huanli Dong

Organic optoelectronics have received tremendous attentions in the past few decades, which are benefitting from the rapid development of organic semiconductors and their unique merits such as flexible design, low-cost production, and rich optoelectronic properties. Triplet excitons with two parallel electronic spins generated in the organic optoelectronic devices have significant effects on the device performance. In this review, a timely summary and brief discussion of the management and utilization of the triplet excitons in organic optoelectronic devices are given. We firstly summarized the studies and applications of triplet excitons in optical-to-electrical and electrical-to-optical devices, including solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs). Particularly, the pioneering advances of triplet management in OLETs are reviewed for the first time. Additionally, two possible strategies for breaking the theoretical limit of internal quantum efficiency (IQE) in electroluminescent devices by fully taking the advantages of triplet excitons are proposed. Finally, the challenges and perspective of existing issues in this field for further improving the performance of optoelectronic devices and other related research directions are also provided.

近几十年来，有机光电子学受到了人们的极大关注，这得益于有机半导体的快速发展及其设计灵活、生产成本低、光电性能丰富等独特优点。有机光电器件中产生的具有两个平行电子自旋的三重态激子对器件性能有重要影响。本文对有机光电器件中三重态激子的管理和利用进行了及时的总结和简要的讨论。本文首先综述了三重态激子在光电和电光器件中的研究和应用，包括太阳能电池、有机发光二极管和有机发光晶体管。特别地，本文首次回顾了OLETs中三元组管理的开创性进展。此外，本文还提出了利用三重态激子的优势来突破电致发光器件内量子效率理论极限的两种可能策略。最后，对该领域存在的问题提出了挑战和展望，为进一步提高光电器件性能和其他相关研究方向提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Multipartite entanglement measures: A review 多部纠缠措施综述

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.03.031

Mengru Ma, Yinfei Li, Jiangwei Shang

Quantum entanglement, a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics, has captured significant attention in the era of quantum information science. In multipartite quantum systems, entanglement plays a crucial role in facilitating various quantum information processing tasks, such as quantum teleportation and dense coding. In this article, we review the theory of multipartite entanglement measures, with a particular focus on the genuine as well as the operational meaning of multipartite entanglement measures. By providing a thorough and valuable insight on this field, we hope that this review would inspire and guide researchers in their endeavors to further develop novel approaches for characterizing multipartite entanglement.

量子纠缠是量子力学的一个基本方面，在量子信息科学时代引起了极大的关注。在多量子系统中，纠缠在量子隐形传态和密集编码等各种量子信息处理任务中起着至关重要的作用。在本文中，我们回顾了多方纠缠措施的理论，特别关注多方纠缠措施的真实意义和操作意义。通过对这一领域的深入和有价值的见解，我们希望本文的综述能够启发和指导研究人员进一步开发表征多部纠缠的新方法。

引用次数: 0

The interaction network between group 3 innate lymphoid cells and other cells 第 3 组先天性淋巴细胞与其他细胞之间的相互作用网络

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.021

Yi-tong Hu , Xing-zi Liu , Yue-miao Zhang , Xiaohuan Guo

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have emerged as significant regulators of tissue homeostasis, immunity and inflammation through various effector molecules in response to signals within the tissue microenvironment. Multiple signals derived from the tissue microenvironment have been illustrated in recent years, which could either activate or suppress the activity of ILC3s. ILC3s, in turn, could also influence many other cells through their effector molecules, such as interleukin (IL)-22, IL-17 and lymphotoxins, indicating that ILC3s act as an important hub in the complex network of cell interactions. In this review, we discuss our current appreciation of the functional crosstalk between ILC3s and myeloid cells, T and B cells, epithelial cells or other types of cells, thus highlighting the emerging importance of communication between these cells for the prevention or induction of relevant diseases and providing insights for future directions of investigation and therapeutic interventions.

第3组先天淋巴样细胞（ILC3s）已成为组织稳态、免疫和炎症的重要调节因子，通过各种效应分子响应组织微环境中的信号。近年来，来自组织微环境的多种信号被证明可以激活或抑制ILC3s的活性。反过来，ILC3s也可以通过其效应分子影响许多其他细胞，如白细胞介素(IL)-22、IL-17和淋巴毒素，这表明ILC3s在细胞相互作用的复杂网络中起着重要的枢纽作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了我们目前对ILC3s与骨髓细胞、T细胞和B细胞、上皮细胞或其他类型细胞之间的功能串扰的认识，从而强调了这些细胞之间的通信对预防或诱导相关疾病的重要性，并为未来的研究方向和治疗干预提供了见解。

引用次数: 0

Model sensitivity of Tibetan plateau surface potential vorticity and the Asian summer monsoon system to Asian orographic perturbation in FGOALS-f2 FGOALS-f2 中青藏高原表面位势涡度和亚洲夏季季风系统对亚洲地貌扰动的模式敏感性

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.013

Bian He , Yimin Liu , Qing Bao , Guoxiong Wu , Chen Sheng , Xiaoqi Zhang , Xinyu He

The thermodynamic forcing of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is important for the regulation of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM). However, the monsoon responses to orographic perturbation simulations show controversial results in previously published literature. One reason for this is that the monsoon responses to orographic forcing differ among climate models. Another reason is that the quantitative changes in the TP thermodynamic forcing remain unknown when the orography is modified. Therefore, the relationship between the TP forcing and the ASM may be different among climate models. In this paper, the surface potential vorticity (SPV) is used to quantify the surface thermodynamic forcing on the TP in the FGOALS-f2 climate model for both the standard Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) experiments with a modified orography, and various aspects of the ASM responses are also examined. Finally, their relationships with TP-SPV changes are quantitively estimated. The results indicate that the intensity of TP-SPV is reduced by nearly 100% in the AMIP runs, while it is reduced by 68% in the CMIP runs when the Asian mountains are removed. Overall, the responses of the monsoon system are more sensitive when air-sea interactions are considered. When the mountains are removed, the precipitation over the southern slope of the TP decreases by 73% and increases by nearly 30% over the tropical Indian Ocean in the CMIP runs. Moreover, the precipitation responses exhibit the largest difference between the AMIP and CMIP runs over the East Asian and Western Pacific regions. The precipitation over the Western Pacific remains almost unchanged when the orography is removed in the AMIP runs but is reduced by 20% in the CMIP runs. We propose that the calculation of SPV over the TP is helpful for understanding the TP orographic forcing and monsoon dynamics in the future.

然而，季风对地形扰动模拟的响应在先前发表的文献中显示出有争议的结果。其中一个原因是不同的气候模式对地形强迫的季风反应不同。另一个原因是，当地形改变时，TP热力强迫的定量变化仍然未知。因此，在不同的气候模式中，TP强迫与ASM之间的关系可能是不同的。本文利用标准大气模式比对项目（AMIP）和修正地形的耦合模式比对项目（CMIP）试验，在faims -f2气候模式中，利用地表位涡（SPV）来量化地表热力强迫，并对ASM响应的各个方面进行了研究。最后，定量估计了它们与TP-SPV变化的关系。结果表明，当亚洲山脉被移除时，在AMIP运行中TP-SPV强度降低了近100%，而在CMIP运行中TP-SPV强度降低了68%。总的来说，考虑海气相互作用时，季风系统的响应更为敏感。当山脉被移走时，热带印度洋上TP南坡的降水减少了73%，而在CMIP运行中增加了近30%。此外，东亚和西太平洋地区AMIP和CMIP的降水响应差异最大。当地形在AMIP运行中被移除时，西太平洋的降水几乎保持不变，但在CMIP运行中减少了20%。我们认为，青藏高原SPV的计算有助于理解未来青藏高原地形强迫和季风动力学。

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引用次数: 0

Review and challenge: High definition map technology for intelligent connected vehicle 回顾与挑战：用于智能网联汽车的高清地图技术

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.01.006

Mengmeng Yang , Kun Jiang , Benny Wijaya , Tuopu Wen , Jinyu Miao , Jin Huang , Cao Zhong , Wei Zhang , Huixian Chen , Diange Yang

An accurate and up-to-date High Definition (HD) Map is critical for an intelligent vehicle to drive safely and effectively. Although research in this area is growing, there is still a lack of clarity in defining HD maps for intelligent connected vehicles (ICVs). This gap in knowledge is particularly challenging for new researchers, who often struggle to find suitable HD map datasets due to a lack of comprehensive reviews on current HD map products, as far as the authors’ knowledge. Thus, this article aims to bridge this gap by providing a thorough analysis of the core ideas of HD map technology. Initially, this paper presents the brief history of HD map. Following this, it describes the taxonomy and ontology of HD maps, complete with the HD map contents and existing standards. An insight into the mapping process is also given by discussing the algorithms used for creating and updating HD maps. This manuscript also lists current HD map products and the open-sourced dataset available for interested researchers in this space. As part of this study, the authors also describe common applications of HAD maps in ICVs. Finally, the article highlight the key research challenges and potential future directions in this field. Addressing these challenges is vital for the advancement and integration of HD maps for ICVs.

准确、最新的高清地图对于智能汽车的安全、高效驾驶至关重要。尽管这一领域的研究正在增长，但智能网联汽车（icv）的高清地图仍然缺乏明确的定义。这方面的知识差距对新研究人员来说尤其具有挑战性，据作者所知，由于缺乏对当前高清地图产品的全面评价，他们经常难以找到合适的高清地图数据集。因此，本文旨在通过对高清地图技术核心思想的深入分析来弥合这一差距。本文首先介绍了高清地图的发展简史。接着，介绍了高清地图的分类和本体，以及高清地图的内容和现有的标准。通过讨论用于创建和更新高清地图的算法，还可以深入了解映射过程。这份手稿还列出了当前的高清地图产品和开源数据集，可供感兴趣的研究人员在这个领域。作为这项研究的一部分，作者还描述了HAD地图在icv中的常见应用。最后，文章强调了该领域的关键研究挑战和潜在的未来发展方向。解决这些挑战对于icv高清地图的进步和整合至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Activation of dimerized BRS3-EP3 suppresses melanoma cell migration through coupling Gαs protein 激活二聚化 BRS3-EP3 可通过耦合 Gαs 蛋白抑制黑色素瘤细胞迁移

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.015

Zeyuan Wang , Lehao Wu , Miao Guo , Jianzheng Zhu , Jiaqi Zhao , Yan Wu , Hua Xiao , Yan Zhang

The mechanism underlying the crosstalk between Gα_q-coupled bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS3) and Gα_i-coupled E-prostanoid 3 receptor (EP3) remains unknown. Here, we report that BRS3 and EP3 form dimers in the membrane of living HEK-293T cells. BRS3-EP3 dimers switched to couple Gα_s protein upon PGE2 stimulation, which provoked cAMP accumulation and enhanced P38 phosphorylation. Quantitative proteomics analysis revealed that the activation of BRS3-EP3 dimers was associated with cell migration. B16 melanoma cell line, which endogenously expresses BRS3 and EP3, was selected to investigate the function of BRS3-EP3 dimers. The results demonstrated that the presence of BRS3 inhibited the migration of B16 melanoma cells upon PGE2 stimulation. Utilizing inhibitors of Gα_s and P38, we found that BRS3 interacted with EP3 and switched to couple Gα_s protein, causing P38 phosphorylation to inhibit F-actin rearrangement and ultimately suppressed cell migration. Our study reveals the crosstalk between the orphan receptor BRS3 and EP3, and provides a potential novel target for disease treatment.

g αq偶联的bombesin受体亚型-3 （BRS3）和g αi偶联的E-prostanoid 3受体（EP3）之间的串扰机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们报道了BRS3和EP3在活的HEK-293T细胞的膜中形成二聚体。在PGE2刺激下，BRS3-EP3二聚体与g - α - s蛋白偶联，促进cAMP积累，增强P38磷酸化。定量蛋白质组学分析显示，BRS3-EP3二聚体的激活与细胞迁移有关。选择内源性表达BRS3和EP3的黑色素瘤细胞系B16，研究BRS3-EP3二聚体的功能。结果表明，BRS3的存在抑制了PGE2刺激下B16黑色素瘤细胞的迁移。利用Gαs和P38抑制剂，我们发现BRS3与EP3相互作用，切换到Gαs蛋白偶联，导致P38磷酸化，抑制F-actin重排，最终抑制细胞迁移。我们的研究揭示了孤儿受体BRS3和EP3之间的串扰，并为疾病治疗提供了一个潜在的新靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Structural reconstruction of electrocatalysts 电催化剂的结构重构

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.017

Chenfeng Xia , Fu-Min Li , Chaohui He , Shahid Zaman, Wei Guo, Bao Yu Xia

Efficient and durable electrocatalysts are essential for achieving high electrocatalytic efficiency in electrocatalytic reactions, forming the bedrock of effective electrochemical energy technologies. Electrocatalysis is a complex process, marked by intricate reaction system and crucial interfacial interactions, leading to diverse degrees of reconstruction changes in electrocatalysts, affecting both catalytic capabilities and structural integrity. This review delves into the development and prospects of electrocatalyst reconstruction within the electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies. It elucidates the underlying motivation and mechanism driving reconstruction in various oxidation/reduction reaction systems. Moreover, it elucidates the evolution and comprehension of highly effective electrocatalysts that emerge as a result of this reconstruction phenomenon. The characterizations of catalyst reconstruction are thoroughly examined through the cutting-edge imaging/spectroscopy technologies, enabling dynamic reconstruction tracking and identification. Finally, this work highlights the challenges and opportunities associated with advancing reconstructed electrocatalysts. The primary objectives are to fathom the intricacies of reconstruction and its structural evolution for precise catalyst design. Additionally, it aims to regulate the reconstruction process to enhance the electrocatalyst longevity, stabilize catalytic reactions, and ultimately facilitate the implementation of electrochemical technologies.

高效耐用的电催化剂是电催化反应中实现高电催化效率的必要条件，是有效的电化学能源技术的基石。电催化是一个复杂的过程，反应体系复杂，界面相互作用关键，导致电催化剂发生不同程度的重构变化，既影响催化能力，又影响结构完整性。本文综述了电催化剂改造在电化学能量转换与存储技术中的发展与展望。阐明了在各种氧化还原反应体系中驱动重构的潜在动机和机制。此外，它阐明了作为这种重建现象的结果而出现的高效电催化剂的演变和理解。通过尖端的成像/光谱技术彻底检查催化剂重建的特征，实现动态重建跟踪和识别。最后，本工作强调了与推进重构电催化剂相关的挑战和机遇。主要目标是了解重建及其结构演变的复杂性，以进行精确的催化剂设计。此外，它旨在调节重构过程，以提高电催化剂的寿命，稳定催化反应，最终促进电化学技术的实施。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing ligand-receptor binding thermodynamics and kinetics: The role of Terahertz wave modulation in molecular recognition 优化配体-受体结合热力学和动力学：太赫兹波调制在分子识别中的作用

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.09.006

Yibo Wang , Cong Zhang , Mingqi Li , Xiaohui Wang

Precision control over ligand-receptor recognition is critical in biochemistry and pharmacology. Traditional methods that alter reaction environments have limitations in fine-tuning the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of biochemical reactions within biological systems. The advent of terahertz wave technology represents a significant breakthrough, providing a refined approach to modulating ligand-receptor interactions. This perspective explores the cutting-edge potential of terahertz waves in refining ligand-receptor recognition, featuring their innovative application in modulating neuronal functions. The capabilities of terahertz technology to selectively influence molecular interactions are discussed, highlighting its transformative potential for advancing therapeutic strategies and deepening our understanding of biological mechanisms.

配体受体识别的精确控制在生物化学和药理学中至关重要。改变反应环境的传统方法在微调生物系统内生化反应的热力学和动力学方面有局限性。太赫兹波技术的出现代表了一个重大突破，提供了一种精细的方法来调节配体-受体相互作用。这一观点探讨了太赫兹波在完善配体受体识别方面的前沿潜力，并以其在调节神经元功能方面的创新应用为特色。讨论了太赫兹技术选择性影响分子相互作用的能力，强调了其在推进治疗策略和深化我们对生物机制的理解方面的变革潜力。

引用次数: 0

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