Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.11.023
Beiyu Hu , Junjie Zhu , Fangqing Zhao
Although single-cell technologies have provided deep insights into cellular heterogeneity and complexity, they fall short in explaining how cells form tissue structures, a crucial aspect for understanding the principles of complex tissues. Recently, spatial transcriptomics has begun to fill this gap, allowing in situ studies of tissues at cellular and subcellular resolution. However, these genomic-level methods primarily provide indirect measurements of cellular states, as most biological processes are controlled by proteins. Therefore, spatial proteomics has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of biological processes, with significant implications for both basic cell biology and clinical applications. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent technical achievements and remaining challenges in spatial proteomics. Specifically, we categorize the techniques into three main types: antibody-based, LC-MS/MS-based, and imaging mass spectrometry-based. We describe each method in detail and discuss its strengths and weaknesses. We also discuss the emerging opportunities of artificial intelligence for spatial proteomics. Finally, we review key issues and suggest future directions for the advancement of spatial proteomics.
{"title":"The evolving landscape of spatial proteomics technologies in the AI age","authors":"Beiyu Hu , Junjie Zhu , Fangqing Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.11.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.11.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although single-cell technologies have provided deep insights into cellular heterogeneity and complexity, they fall short in explaining how cells form tissue structures, a crucial aspect for understanding the principles of complex tissues. Recently, spatial transcriptomics has begun to fill this gap, allowing in situ studies of tissues at cellular and subcellular resolution. However, these genomic-level methods primarily provide indirect measurements of cellular states, as most biological processes are controlled by proteins. Therefore, spatial proteomics has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of biological processes, with significant implications for both basic cell biology and clinical applications. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent technical achievements and remaining challenges in spatial proteomics. Specifically, we categorize the techniques into three main types: antibody-based, LC-MS/MS-based, and imaging mass spectrometry-based. We describe each method in detail and discuss its strengths and weaknesses. We also discuss the emerging opportunities of artificial intelligence for spatial proteomics. Finally, we review key issues and suggest future directions for the advancement of spatial proteomics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 28-39"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.01.013
Minglei Shi , Zhaoxu Wu , Yi Zhang , Tingting Li
Biomolecular condensates comprise a diverse array of molecular entities, with intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) receiving mounting attention due to their pivotal roles. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the linear and conformational molecular grammar of IDRs in biomolecular condensates. This review will focus on the advances in studying IDR conformational ensembles and their relationship to function, with a particular emphasis on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the emerging synergy between MD and machine learning (ML) methods. Nevertheless, the inherent flexibility and dynamic nature of IDRs continue to present substantial challenges for conformation analysis. The integration of advanced experimental techniques, computational methods, and evolutionary analysis promises to unveil the conformational mysteries and therapeutic potential of IDRs in condensates.
{"title":"Decoding intrinsically disordered regions in biomolecular condensates","authors":"Minglei Shi , Zhaoxu Wu , Yi Zhang , Tingting Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biomolecular condensates comprise a diverse array of molecular entities, with intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) receiving mounting attention due to their pivotal roles. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the linear and conformational molecular grammar of IDRs in biomolecular condensates. This review will focus on the advances in studying IDR conformational ensembles and their relationship to function, with a particular emphasis on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the emerging synergy between MD and machine learning (ML) methods. Nevertheless, the inherent flexibility and dynamic nature of IDRs continue to present substantial challenges for conformation analysis. The integration of advanced experimental techniques, computational methods, and evolutionary analysis promises to unveil the conformational mysteries and therapeutic potential of IDRs in condensates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.010
Xu Liu , Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo , Teng Yang , Gui-Feng Gao , Yu Shi , Haiyan Chu
Understanding microbial responses to environmental stress is crucial for comprehending their distribution and supporting conservation efforts. Yet, comprehensive evaluations of these responses across diverse microbial taxa within the framework of classical ecological theories are scarce. This gap limits our ability to predict the impact of environmental changes on the diversity and functions of soil microbes in natural settings. In this study, we conducted a field survey across twenty alpine wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau. Employing amplicon sequencing with network theories, we investigated the biodiversity and coexistence of bacteria and archaea under a wide range of natural salinity conditions. Our results demonstrated a linear decrease in bacterial diversity with increased salinity, while archaeal diversity showed a non-linear pattern, initially declining and then rising, reflecting varied adaptation strategies to salt stress. Network analysis revealed a heightened complexity in positive associations among bacteria under salt stress. In contrast, archaea exhibited a decrease in both positive and negative associations, with the community succession to halophiles. These results imply that bacteria may counteract stress through enhanced facilitation, whereas archaea predominantly rely on stress-tolerant taxa. Additionally, structural equation modeling confirmed our hypothesis regarding the ecological response strategies of bacteria and archaea to salinity stress, showing that the variation in bacterial diversity is mainly explained by the complexity of positive associations, whereas archaeal diversity directly correlates with salinity levels. Overall, this study offers novel insights into the ecological strategies of prokaryotes under salinity stress and enriches our understanding of the processes maintaining microbial diversity in stressful conditions.
{"title":"Contrasting patterns for bacteria and archaea in response to salt stress across alpine wetlands of the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Xu Liu , Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo , Teng Yang , Gui-Feng Gao , Yu Shi , Haiyan Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding microbial responses to environmental stress is crucial for comprehending their distribution and supporting conservation efforts. Yet, comprehensive evaluations of these responses across diverse microbial taxa within the framework of classical ecological theories are scarce. This gap limits our ability to predict the impact of environmental changes on the diversity and functions of soil microbes in natural settings. In this study, we conducted a field survey across twenty alpine wetlands on the Tibetan Plateau. Employing amplicon sequencing with network theories, we investigated the biodiversity and coexistence of bacteria and archaea under a wide range of natural salinity conditions. Our results demonstrated a linear decrease in bacterial diversity with increased salinity, while archaeal diversity showed a non-linear pattern, initially declining and then rising, reflecting varied adaptation strategies to salt stress. Network analysis revealed a heightened complexity in positive associations among bacteria under salt stress. In contrast, archaea exhibited a decrease in both positive and negative associations, with the community succession to halophiles. These results imply that bacteria may counteract stress through enhanced facilitation, whereas archaea predominantly rely on stress-tolerant taxa. Additionally, structural equation modeling confirmed our hypothesis regarding the ecological response strategies of bacteria and archaea to salinity stress, showing that the variation in bacterial diversity is mainly explained by the complexity of positive associations, whereas archaeal diversity directly correlates with salinity levels. Overall, this study offers novel insights into the ecological strategies of prokaryotes under salinity stress and enriches our understanding of the processes maintaining microbial diversity in stressful conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 313-323"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The detection of non-Newtonian gravity is crucial for fundamental physics research and our understanding of dark energy. However, conducting an experiment that provides explicit evidence of its existence remains an endeavour. We propose an experiment utilizing a diamagnetically levitated pendulum in vacuum to detect non-Newtonian gravity on a micrometer scale. The pendulum configuration effectively helps to shield electromagnetic force fluctuations in the vacuum levitation system. The structural parameters of the pendulum are intentionally optimized to enhance the constraint on the non-Newtonian gravity strength . The designed pendulum can be stably levitated in the diamagnetic trap thanks to its passive levitation mechanism. By conducting resonance force measurements at room temperature for a duration of s, we anticipate a significant improvement in the constraint on the non-Newtonian gravity strength () within the force range of µm. This represents an enhancement of over three orders of magnitude compared to the current limit. This study presents a promising tool for investigating short-range forces and exploring frontier physics in tabletop laboratory.
{"title":"Enhancing non-Newtonian gravity constraint using a levitated pendulum in vacuum","authors":"Fang Xiong , Leilei Guo , Pu Huang , Xiaowen Gao , Zhiming Chen , Xunmin Zhu , Tong Wu , Huizhu Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of non-Newtonian gravity is crucial for fundamental physics research and our understanding of dark energy. However, conducting an experiment that provides explicit evidence of its existence remains an endeavour. We propose an experiment utilizing a diamagnetically levitated pendulum in vacuum to detect non-Newtonian gravity on a micrometer scale. The pendulum configuration effectively helps to shield electromagnetic force fluctuations in the vacuum levitation system. The structural parameters of the pendulum are intentionally optimized to enhance the constraint on the non-Newtonian gravity strength <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>. The designed pendulum can be stably levitated in the diamagnetic trap thanks to its passive levitation mechanism. By conducting resonance force measurements at room temperature for a duration of <span><math><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>4</mn></msup></math></span> s, we anticipate a significant improvement in the constraint on the non-Newtonian gravity strength (<span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>28</mn></mrow></math></span>) within the force range of <span><math><mrow><mi>λ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>7.6</mn></mrow></math></span> µm. This represents an enhancement of over three orders of magnitude compared to the current limit. This study presents a promising tool for investigating short-range forces and exploring frontier physics in tabletop laboratory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 141-148"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139637731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.015
Mingzhi Zhang , Da Han
As traditional silicon-based chips approach their theoretical limits on computing power, DNA-based computation presents a promising alternative with potential advantages such as reduced size, high storage density, low consumption, long-term stability and the ability to perform in memory-computing. This review provides a summarized overview of DNA computation, covering its history, development and applications. In addition, we also highlight the possible directions to address the challenges that stand in the way of realizing the full potentials of this technology.
{"title":"Concept, development and applications of DNA computation","authors":"Mingzhi Zhang , Da Han","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.06.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As traditional silicon-based chips approach their theoretical limits on computing power, DNA-based computation presents a promising alternative with potential advantages such as reduced size, high storage density, low consumption, long-term stability and the ability to perform in memory-computing. This review provides a summarized overview of DNA computation, covering its history, development and applications. In addition, we also highlight the possible directions to address the challenges that stand in the way of realizing the full potentials of this technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 178-183"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135347832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) is designed to accurately ascertain the positions and trajectories of moving objects within a video sequence. While prevalent methodologies primarily link detected objects across successive frames by leveraging appearance and motion attributes, some approaches incorporate implicit global correlations from multiple antecedent frames to delineate target trajectories. Nonetheless, the capability to predict trajectories over multiple future frames remains insufficiently explored, leading to a significant underutilization of pertinent information in MOT. To address this gap, we introduce a transformer-based methodology, termed Preformer MOT, which enhances the precision of nonlinear trajectory predictions in dynamic settings. This enhancement is achieved through an innovative combination of a novel motion estimation technique-trajectory prediction-and Kalman filtering. Our method not only utilizes historical trajectory data but also anticipates the future positions of the target objects up to n subsequent steps, thereby furnishing a comprehensive prediction of trajectories with extensive temporal correlations. Specifically, we develop a straightforward self-supervised trajectory prediction model that estimates the future positions of a target object based on previously observed positional data. During the correlation phase, if a trajectory disruption occurs due to overlapping, occlusion, or nonlinear movements of the detected objects, Preformer MOT is capable of making early predictions using data from multiple forthcoming frames to reestablish trajectory continuity. Empirical evaluations on pedestrian datasets such as DanceTrack and MOT17 demonstrate that our approach surpasses other contemporary state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, Preformer MOT exhibits exceptional performance in complex marine environments, underscoring its adaptability and efficacy.
{"title":"Preformer MOT: A transformer-based approach for multi-object tracking with global trajectory prediction","authors":"Yueying Wang , Yuhao Qing , Kaer Huang , Chuangyin Dang , Zhengtian Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.06.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.06.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) is designed to accurately ascertain the positions and trajectories of moving objects within a video sequence. While prevalent methodologies primarily link detected objects across successive frames by leveraging appearance and motion attributes, some approaches incorporate implicit global correlations from multiple antecedent frames to delineate target trajectories. Nonetheless, the capability to predict trajectories over multiple future frames remains insufficiently explored, leading to a significant underutilization of pertinent information in MOT. To address this gap, we introduce a transformer-based methodology, termed Preformer MOT, which enhances the precision of nonlinear trajectory predictions in dynamic settings. This enhancement is achieved through an innovative combination of a novel motion estimation technique-trajectory prediction-and Kalman filtering. Our method not only utilizes historical trajectory data but also anticipates the future positions of the target objects up to n subsequent steps, thereby furnishing a comprehensive prediction of trajectories with extensive temporal correlations. Specifically, we develop a straightforward self-supervised trajectory prediction model that estimates the future positions of a target object based on previously observed positional data. During the correlation phase, if a trajectory disruption occurs due to overlapping, occlusion, or nonlinear movements of the detected objects, Preformer MOT is capable of making early predictions using data from multiple forthcoming frames to reestablish trajectory continuity. Empirical evaluations on pedestrian datasets such as DanceTrack and MOT17 demonstrate that our approach surpasses other contemporary state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, Preformer MOT exhibits exceptional performance in complex marine environments, underscoring its adaptability and efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 423-431"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper considers the cooperative control problem for the unmanned ground vehicle swarm system with cyber interference. Each vehicle in the system is intelligent and connected with each other via networks. The cyber security issue is inevitable and vital in the control design for the swarm system. Taking account of the cyber interference and system uncertainty, we explore the cooperative control for the unmanned ground vehicle swarm system. In order to describe the behaviors of mutual attraction, repulsion and overall trajectory tracking in a mathematical manner, we abstract the integrated potential function, thereby the kinematic model. Treating the mathematical model as the system constraint and decomposing the system uncertainty, we propose a class of cooperative adaptive robust controls to assure that all the unmanned ground vehicles follow the constraint to move. Four major system performances are achieved: (i) global stability (i.e., uniform boundedness and uniform ultimate boundedness), (ii) compact formation, (iii) cooperative hunting, (iv) trajectory tracking.
{"title":"Rendering compact formation and trajectory tracking for cyber unmanned ground vehicles","authors":"Xiaomin Zhao , Zhengrong Cui , Chee-Meng Chew , Fangfang Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper considers the cooperative control problem for the unmanned ground vehicle swarm system with cyber interference. Each vehicle in the system is intelligent and connected with each other via networks. The cyber security issue is inevitable and vital in the control design for the swarm system. Taking account of the cyber interference and system uncertainty, we explore the cooperative control for the unmanned ground vehicle swarm system. In order to describe the behaviors of mutual attraction, repulsion and overall trajectory tracking in a mathematical manner, we abstract the integrated potential function, thereby the kinematic model. Treating the mathematical model as the system constraint and decomposing the system uncertainty, we propose a class of cooperative adaptive robust controls to assure that all the unmanned ground vehicles follow the constraint to move. Four major system performances are achieved: (i) global stability (i.e., uniform boundedness and uniform ultimate boundedness), (ii) compact formation, (iii) cooperative hunting, (iv) trajectory tracking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 369-379"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.10.010
Yayun Zhang , Shengkun Dong , Di Zhang , Michael J. Plewa , Wenhai Chu
Despite being low in concentration, the presence of broad-spectrum chemical constituents in drinking water is a fact of modern life. The current drinking water chemical risk assessment practice predominantly relies on drinking exposure and chemical toxicity data, providing a valuable tool for regulation. However, only a fraction of chemicals is retained for a considerable duration within the human body, as the remainder are excreted or metabolized. This limits the efficacy of risk assessment when exclusively relying on water contaminants ingestion dose and toxicity potencies. We propose large scale incorporation of a bioavailability factor, F, into the calculation of chemical-mediated human health risk assessment for drinking water. Specifically, F values account for the ratio of one compound in human circulation and excretion and are multivariable specific, such as exposure route specific, and gender specific. Utilizing disinfection by-products (DBPs), an important group of chemicals commonly found in drinking water as an example, we provided detailed explanations of F values. Through incorporation of the F values, the accuracy of drinking water human health risk assessment may be improved as the biological retention ratio is accommodated, providing leniency on chemicals that less interact with the human body during internal retention. This approach has clear implications for the subsequent control measures and national drinking water standards updates for emerging pollutants.
{"title":"Bioavailability factor for improved drinking water contaminant exposure risk assessment accuracy","authors":"Yayun Zhang , Shengkun Dong , Di Zhang , Michael J. Plewa , Wenhai Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite being low in concentration, the presence of broad-spectrum chemical constituents in drinking water is a fact of modern life. The current drinking water chemical risk assessment practice predominantly relies on drinking exposure and chemical toxicity data, providing a valuable tool for regulation. However, only a fraction of chemicals is retained for a considerable duration within the human body, as the remainder are excreted or metabolized. This limits the efficacy of risk assessment when exclusively relying on water contaminants ingestion dose and toxicity potencies. We propose large scale incorporation of a bioavailability factor, <em>F</em>, into the calculation of chemical-mediated human health risk assessment for drinking water. Specifically, <em>F</em> values account for the ratio of one compound in human circulation and excretion and are multivariable specific, such as exposure route specific, and gender specific. Utilizing disinfection by-products (DBPs), an important group of chemicals commonly found in drinking water as an example, we provided detailed explanations of <em>F</em> values. Through incorporation of the <em>F</em> values, the accuracy of drinking water human health risk assessment may be improved as the biological retention ratio is accommodated, providing leniency on chemicals that less interact with the human body during internal retention. This approach has clear implications for the subsequent control measures and national drinking water standards updates for emerging pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 380-382"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.11.020
Feng Wang , Yuzhu Shang , Pengfei Zhang , Wei Zhang , Jiashuo Li
China's Rural Clean Heating Policy (RCHP) is confronted with affordability issues in terms of the increasing household heating costs against the background of subsidies phase out, calling for economically feasible strategies to alleviate the heating burden. By compiling a high-resolution township-level RCHP retrofitting dataset, here we comprehensively assessed the rural residential heating burdens, with or without operational subsidies, and further explored the economically viable clean heating strategies in Northern China. We show that eliminating subsidies would significantly increase rural residential heating expenditure by 36.2% (an average of 523.3 CNY per household), and low-income rural residents in Shandong and Shanxi would bear the most significant increase in heating burdens. The incremental heating costs can be partly offset (18.7%) by RCHP's carbon reduction credits in the context of the Chinese Certified Emission Reduction. Rural rooftop photovoltaics show significant potential in increasing household revenue, particularly in Hebei, Shanxi, and Beijing, where they can compensate for an average of 32.2–64.5% of the increased heating costs. The implementation of tailored subsidy phase-out strategies, coupled with the promotion of distributed PV projects, could enhance the sustainability of clean heating in China.
{"title":"Exploring the economically sustainable solutions for clean heating in rural Northern China","authors":"Feng Wang , Yuzhu Shang , Pengfei Zhang , Wei Zhang , Jiashuo Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.11.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.11.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China's Rural Clean Heating Policy (RCHP) is confronted with affordability issues in terms of the increasing household heating costs against the background of subsidies phase out, calling for economically feasible strategies to alleviate the heating burden. By compiling a high-resolution township-level RCHP retrofitting dataset, here we comprehensively assessed the rural residential heating burdens, with or without operational subsidies, and further explored the economically viable clean heating strategies in Northern China. We show that eliminating subsidies would significantly increase rural residential heating expenditure by 36.2% (an average of 523.3 CNY per household), and low-income rural residents in Shandong and Shanxi would bear the most significant increase in heating burdens. The incremental heating costs can be partly offset (18.7%) by RCHP's carbon reduction credits in the context of the Chinese Certified Emission Reduction. Rural rooftop photovoltaics show significant potential in increasing household revenue, particularly in Hebei, Shanxi, and Beijing, where they can compensate for an average of 32.2–64.5% of the increased heating costs. The implementation of tailored subsidy phase-out strategies, coupled with the promotion of distributed PV projects, could enhance the sustainability of clean heating in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 455-464"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Revegetation has been widely implemented throughout the world for controlling soil loss, conserving biodiversity, increasing ecosystem productivity, mitigating climate change, and contributing to soil carbon (C) sequestration. However, systematic knowledge is still lacking regarding the variations, mechanisms, and challenges in soil C sequestration after revegetation despite its crucial role in resolving the ongoing C sink/source debate and achieving the C neutrality targets. In this review, we summarize the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in restored ecosystems based on existing studies at multiple spatial and temporal scales and the mechanisms associated with C stabilization in soils after revegetation, and suggest future research into soil C in restored ecosystems. Revegetation, i.e. grassland restoration or afforestation/reforestations, significantly increases the SOC sequestration by 21.4% with rapid SOC accumulation in the initial few years (generally within 30 years), followed by a relatively stable stage. We also clarified the three key mechanisms (including physical protection within soil aggregates, chemical protection by interacting with organo-mineral associations, and inherent biological recalcitrance protection) associated with SOC stabilization in soils after revegetation. Revegetation re-carbonizes soil by increasing new inputs of C and decreasing the ratio of soil C outputs to new inputs of C (i.e., increasing the decomposition of SOC and reducing erosional SOC loss), both of which promote SOC sequestration. Based on the key issues identified in this review, future research should focus on the fate of C sequestrated in soils after revegetation, and feedback to environmental changes and human activities in order to achieve C neutrality by around 2050.
{"title":"Revegetation re-carbonizes soil: Patterns, mechanisms, and challenges","authors":"Qingyin Zhang , Yaxian Hu , Mingan Shao , Xiaoxu Jia , Xiaorong Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Revegetation has been widely implemented throughout the world for controlling soil loss, conserving biodiversity, increasing ecosystem productivity, mitigating climate change, and contributing to soil carbon (C) sequestration. However, systematic knowledge is still lacking regarding the variations, mechanisms, and challenges in soil C sequestration after revegetation despite its crucial role in resolving the ongoing C sink/source debate and achieving the C neutrality targets. In this review, we summarize the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in restored ecosystems based on existing studies at multiple spatial and temporal scales and the mechanisms associated with C stabilization in soils after revegetation, and suggest future research into soil C in restored ecosystems. Revegetation, i.e. grassland restoration or afforestation/reforestations, significantly increases the SOC sequestration by 21.4% with rapid SOC accumulation in the initial few years (generally within 30 years), followed by a relatively stable stage. We also clarified the three key mechanisms (including physical protection within soil aggregates, chemical protection by interacting with organo-mineral associations, and inherent biological recalcitrance protection) associated with SOC stabilization in soils after revegetation. Revegetation re-carbonizes soil by increasing new inputs of C and decreasing the ratio of soil C outputs to new inputs of C (i.e., increasing the decomposition of SOC and reducing erosional SOC loss), both of which promote SOC sequestration. Based on the key issues identified in this review, future research should focus on the fate of C sequestrated in soils after revegetation, and feedback to environmental changes and human activities in order to achieve C neutrality by around 2050.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 290-300"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146057352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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