Fundamental Research最新文献_第3页

The application of multi-scale simulation in advanced electronic packaging 多尺度模拟在先进电子封装中的应用

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.004

Wei Yu , Shucan Cheng , Zeyuan Li , Li Liu , Zhaofu Zhang , Yanpu Zhao , Yuzheng Guo , Sheng Liu

Electronic packaging is an essential branch of electronic engineering that aims to protect electronic, microelectronic, and nanoelectronic systems from environmental conditions. The design of electronic packaging is highly complex and requires the consideration of multi-physics phenomena, such as thermal transport, electromagnetic fields, and mechanical stress. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the multiphysics coupling of electric, magnetic, thermal, mechanical, and fluid fields, which are crucial for assessing the performance and reliability of electronic devices. The recent advancements in multi-scale simulation techniques are also systematically summarized, such as finite element methods at the macroscopic scale, molecular dynamics and density functional theory at the microscopic scale, and particularly machine learning methods for bridging different scales. Additionally, we illustrate how these methods can be applied to study various aspects of electronic packaging, such as material properties, interfacial failure, thermal management, electromigration, and stress analysis. The challenges and the potential applications of multi-scale simulation techniques in electronic packaging are also highlighted. Further, some future directions for multi-scale simulation techniques in electronic packaging are concluded for further investigation.

电子封装是电子工程的一个重要分支，旨在保护电子、微电子和纳米电子系统免受环境条件的影响。电子封装的设计是高度复杂的，需要考虑多物理场现象，如热输运、电磁场和机械应力。本文综述了电、磁、热、机械和流体场的多物理场耦合，这对评估电子设备的性能和可靠性至关重要。系统总结了多尺度模拟技术的最新进展，如宏观尺度上的有限元方法，微观尺度上的分子动力学和密度泛函理论，特别是跨尺度的机器学习方法。此外，我们还说明了如何将这些方法应用于研究电子封装的各个方面，如材料特性、界面失效、热管理、电迁移和应力分析。强调了多尺度模拟技术在电子封装中的挑战和潜在应用。最后，对电子封装多尺度模拟技术的发展方向进行了展望。

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引用次数: 0

Accurate scoliosis vertebral landmark localization on X-ray images via shape-constrained multi-stage cascaded CNNs 基于形状约束的多级级联cnn在x射线图像上精确定位脊柱侧凸椎体地标

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.014

Zhiwei Wang , Jinxin Lv , Yunqiao Yang , Yi Lin , Qiang Li , Xin Li , Xin Yang

Vertebral landmark localization is a crucial step in various spine-related clinical applications, which requires detecting the corner points of 17 vertebrae. However, the neighboring landmarks often disturb each other because of the homogeneous appearance of vertebrae, making vertebral landmark localization extremely difficult. In this paper, we propose a multi-stage cascaded convolutional neural network (CNN) to split a single task into two sequential steps: center point localization to roughly locate 17 center points of vertebrae, and corner point localization to determine four corner points for each vertebra without any disturbance. The landmarks in each step were located gradually from a set of initialized points by regressing offsets using cascaded CNNs. To resist the mutual attraction of the vertebrae, principal component analysis was employed to preserve the shape constraint in offset regression. We evaluated our method on the AASCE dataset, comprising 609 tight spinal anteroposterior X-ray images, and each image contained 17 vertebrae composed of the thoracic and lumbar spine for spinal shape characterization. The experimental results demonstrated the superior performance of vertebral landmark localization over other state-of-the-art methods, with the relative error decreasing from

3.2 e - 3

to

7.2 e - 4

.

椎体地标定位是各种脊柱相关临床应用的关键步骤，需要检测17个椎体的角点。然而，由于椎体的外观均质，相邻的标记常常相互干扰，使得椎体标记定位极为困难。在本文中，我们提出了一种多阶段级联卷积神经网络（CNN），将单个任务分解为两个连续的步骤：中心点定位大致定位17个椎骨中心点，角点定位在不受干扰的情况下确定每个椎骨的四个角点。通过级联cnn的偏移量回归，从一组初始点逐渐定位每一步的地标。为了抵抗椎体的相互吸引，在偏移回归中采用主成分分析来保持形状约束。我们在AASCE数据集上评估了我们的方法，该数据集包括609张紧密的脊柱正位x射线图像，每张图像包含由胸椎和腰椎组成的17块椎骨，用于脊柱形状表征。实验结果表明，与其他先进的方法相比，该方法具有优越的椎体地标定位性能，相对误差从3.2 2e−3降低到7.2 2e−4。

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引用次数: 0

Droplet-engineered organoids recapitulate parental tissue transcriptome with inter-organoid homogeneity and inter-tumor cell heterogeneity 液滴工程类器官概括了具有类器官间同质性和肿瘤细胞间异质性的亲代组织转录组

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.05.018

Haoran Zhao , Yifan Cheng , Jiawei Li , Jiaqi Zhou , Haowei Yang , Feng Yu , Feihong Yu , Davit Khutsishvili , Zitian Wang , Shengwei Jiang , Kaixin Tan , Yi Kuang , Xinhui Xing , Shaohua Ma

Organoids are expected to function as effective human organ models for precision cancer studies and drug development. Currently, primary tissue-derived organoids, termed non-engineered organoids (NEOs), are produced by manual pipetting or liquid handling that compromises organoid-organoid homogeneity and organoid-tissue consistency. Droplet-based microfluidics enables automated organoid production with high organoid-organoid homogeneity, organoid-tissue consistency, and a significantly improved production spectrum. It takes advantage of droplet-encapsulation of defined populations of cells and droplet-rendered microstructures that guide cell self-organization. Herein, we studied the droplet-engineered organoids (DEOs), derived from mouse liver tissues and human liver tumors, by using transcriptional analysis and cellular deconvolution on bulk RNA-seq data. The characteristics of DEOs are compared with the parental liver tissues (or tumors) and NEOs. The DEOs are proven higher reproducibility and consistency with the parental tissues, have a high production spectrum and shortened modeling time, and possess inter-organoid homogeneity and inter-tumor cell heterogeneity.

类器官有望成为精确癌症研究和药物开发的有效人体器官模型。目前，原生组织衍生的类器官，被称为非工程类器官（neo），是通过人工移液或液体处理来生产的，这损害了类器官-类器官的均匀性和类器官-组织的一致性。基于液滴的微流体技术能够实现自动化类器官生产，具有高类器官-类器官的均匀性，类器官-组织的一致性，并显着改善了生产光谱。它利用了定义的细胞群体的液滴封装和引导细胞自组织的液滴呈现微结构的优势。在此，我们通过转录分析和大量RNA-seq数据的细胞反褶积研究了来自小鼠肝脏组织和人类肝脏肿瘤的液滴工程类器官（DEOs）。将deo的特征与亲代肝脏组织（或肿瘤）和neo进行了比较。DEOs具有较高的再现性和与亲本组织的一致性，具有较高的生产谱和较短的建模时间，并具有类器官间的均匀性和肿瘤细胞间的异质性。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon transportation, transformation, and sedimentation processes at the land-river-estuary continuum 陆地-河流-河口连续体的碳运输、转化和沉积过程

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.07.007

Yang Gao , Junjie Jia , Yao Lu , Kun Sun , Jing Wang , Shuoyue Wang

In terrestrial ecosystems, carbon (C) transportation and C pool transformation processes both occur at the land-river-estuary continuum. Moreover, C budget and C balance processes are generally critical in achieving the C neutrality of terrestrial ecosystems. This study analyzes key C transportation processes at multiple interfaces that collectively constitute the land-river-estuary continuum, discusses C transportation and sedimentation processes at the land-river interface, and reveals aquatic plant C sequestration coupling processes and associated productivity. Transformation mechanisms of inorganic-organic C pools are also investigated here as well as a systematic evaluation of C transport flux within the different interfaces that constitute the land-river-estuary continuum. Results show that the net C sink of terrestrial ecosystems was 1.70 Pg C yr⁻¹, wherein the gross primary productivity (GPP) of global terrestrial vegetation reached 123 Pg C yr⁻¹, while rock weathering also consumed 0.30 Pg C yr⁻¹ of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂). Subsequently, the C transported by the land-river-estuary continuum reached 1.70 Pg C yr⁻¹. During this process, 0.20 Pg C is deposited and buried in inland water and 1.00 Pg C escapes from inland water systems each year. Therefore, only 0.85 Pg C is transported to the estuary. Finally, this study clarifies control mechanisms of C transportation and transformation processes at the land-river-estuary continuum. The aim of this study is to provide an important scientific basis for the quantitative analysis of C sources and sinks at the land-river-estuary continuum and C neutrality of the biosphere.

在陆地生态系统中，碳(C)运输和碳库转化过程都发生在陆地-河流-河口连续体中。此外，碳预算和碳平衡过程通常是实现陆地生态系统碳中性的关键。本研究分析了共同构成陆地-河流-河口连续体的多个界面上的关键碳输运过程，讨论了陆地-河流界面上的碳输运和沉积过程，揭示了水生植物碳固存耦合过程及其相关生产力。本文还研究了无机-有机碳库的转化机制，并对构成陆地-河流-河口连续体的不同界面内的碳输运通量进行了系统评价。结果表明，陆地生态系统的净碳汇为1.70 Pg C yr - 1，其中全球陆地植被的总初级生产力（GPP）达到123 Pg C yr - 1，而岩石风化也消耗了0.30 Pg C yr - 1的大气二氧化碳（CO2）。随后，陆地-河流-河口连续体输送的C达到1.70 Pg C yr−1。在这一过程中，每年有0.20 Pg C沉积和埋藏在内陆水中，1.00 Pg C从内陆水系中逸出。因此，只有0.85 Pg C被输送到河口。最后，阐明了陆地-河流-河口连续体中碳运移转化过程的控制机制。本研究旨在为陆地-河流-河口连续体C源汇和生物圈C中性定量分析提供重要的科学依据。

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引用次数: 0

A dual-mode organic memristor for coordinated visual perceptive computing 一种用于协调视觉感知计算的双模有机忆阻器

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.06.022

Jinglin Sun , Qilai Chen , Fei Fan , Zeyulin Zhang , Tingting Han , Zhilong He , Zhixin Wu , Zhe Yu , Pingqi Gao , Dazheng Chen , Bin Zhang , Gang Liu

The hierarchically coordinated processing of visual information with the data degradation characteristic embodies the energy consumption minimization and signal transmission efficiency maximization of brain activities. This inspires machine vision to handle the explosively increased data in real-time. In this contribution, we demonstrate the possibility of constructing a coordinated perceptive computing paradigm with dual-mode organic memristors to emulate the visual processing capability of the brain systems. The 32-state modulation of the device photoresponsivity and conductance via photo-induced molecular reconfiguration and electrochemical redox activities enables the execution of computing-in-sensor and computing-in-memory tasks, respectively, which in turn allows the homogeneous hardware integration of a single-layer perceptron and a convolutional neural network for high-efficiency hierarchical visual processing. Compared to the sole optoelectronic CIS mode to recognize visual targets, the dual-mode organic memristor-based coordinated computing scheme demonstrates a 24.5% improvement in the recognition accuracy and 45.8% reduction in the network size.

具有数据退化特征的视觉信息分层协调处理体现了大脑活动能量消耗最小化和信号传输效率最大化。这激发了机器视觉来实时处理爆炸式增长的数据。在这篇文章中，我们展示了用双模有机忆阻器构建协调感知计算范式的可能性，以模拟大脑系统的视觉处理能力。通过光诱导分子重构和电化学氧化还原活性对器件的光响应性和电导率进行32态调制，可以分别执行传感器中的计算和内存中的计算任务，这反过来又允许单层感知器和卷积神经网络的同质硬件集成，以实现高效的分层视觉处理。与单光电CIS模式识别视觉目标相比，基于双模有机忆阻器的协同计算方案识别精度提高了24.5%，网络大小减少了45.8%。

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引用次数: 0

Cannabichromene from full-spectrum hemp extract exerts acute anti-seizure effects through allosteric activation of GABAA receptors 全谱大麻提取物中的大麻素通过异位激活 GABAA 受体发挥急性抗癫痫作用

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.023

Zihan Wang , Haoran Zheng , Hui Yang , Huifang Song , Jingjing Lian , Chao Peng , Han Wang , Hanbo Zhang , Yulin Zheng , Qiufeng Wang , Lan Lan , Guifang Duan , Lin Ma , Xiaodong Peng , Zhuo Huang

The approval of Epidiolex, an anti-epileptic drug containing cannabidiol (CBD) as its active component, has brought hope to patients with refractory epilepsy. However, the anti-seizure effect of full-spectrum hemp extract (HE), a CBD-enriched hemp oil, remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti-seizure effect of HE using drug-induced seizure models. Our findings revealed that HE significantly reduced seizure susceptibility comparable to CBD at the same doses. Moreover, we explored the pharmacokinetic properties of CBD in HE and observed improved characteristics such as faster oral absorption, enhanced brain distribution, and slower elimination. We further assessed the anti-seizure effects of the other five main non-addictive components in HE. Among these components, cannabichromene (CBC) and cannabinol (CBN) showed significant anti-seizure effects. To gain insights into the mechanisms of CBC and CBN, we investigated their allosteric modulation on the GABA_A receptor. Our results revealed that CBC enhanced GABA-induced currents in both Xenopus laevis oocytes and mouse primary cortical neurons. Additionally, we identified V436 in the β2 subunit of the GABA_A receptor as a critical binding site for CBC. These findings provide compelling evidence for the anti-seizure activities of HE and shed light on its underlying mechanisms. Our study provides insights into the broader therapeutic potential of hemp extracts and suggests their possible development as anti-seizure treatments.

以大麻二酚（CBD）为活性成分的抗癫痫药物Epidiolex获批，给难治性癫痫患者带来了希望。然而，全谱大麻提取物（HE），一种富含cbd的大麻油，其抗癫痫作用尚不清楚。本研究采用药物性癫痫模型研究HE的抗癫痫作用。我们的研究结果显示，在相同剂量下，HE与CBD相比显著降低了癫痫发作的易感性。此外，我们探索了CBD在HE中的药代动力学特性，并观察到其改善的特征，如口服吸收更快，脑分布增强，消除更慢。我们进一步评估了HE中其他五种主要非成瘾性成分的抗癫痫作用。其中，大麻红素（CBC）和大麻酚（CBN）具有显著的抗癫痫作用。为了深入了解CBC和CBN的机制，我们研究了它们对GABAA受体的变构调节。结果表明，CBC增强了非洲爪蟾卵母细胞和小鼠原代皮质神经元中gaba诱导的电流。此外，我们发现GABAA受体β2亚基中的V436是CBC的关键结合位点。这些发现为HE的抗癫痫活动提供了强有力的证据，并揭示了其潜在的机制。我们的研究为大麻提取物的更广泛的治疗潜力提供了见解，并建议它们作为抗癫痫治疗的可能发展。

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引用次数: 0

The development of ultrasensitive microcalorimeters for bioanalysis and energy balance monitoring 用于生物分析和能量平衡监测的超灵敏微量热计的研制

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.01.011

Hanliang Zhu , Lan Wang , Jianguo Feng , Pavel Neuzil

Heat generation or consumption is required for all biological processes. Microcalorimetry is an ultrasensitive method to measure heat change for various applications. In this paper, we aimed to review the ultrasensitive microcalorimeter systems and their extensive applications in bioanalysis and energy balance monitoring. We first discussed the basic structure of microcalorimeters, including the closed system and open system, temperature sensing methods, isolation materials, and temperature stabilization. Then, we focused on their applications, such as cell metabolism research, biomolecule interaction measurement, biothermal analysis, and calorimetric detection. Finally, we compared the advantages and disadvantages of commercially available microcalorimeters and their contributions to bioresearch. The development of ultrasensitive microcalorimeters provides the tools for bioanalysis at the single-cell, or even subcellular, level, as well as for precise calorimetric detection.

所有生物过程都需要产生或消耗热量。微量热法是一种超灵敏的测量热变化的方法，适用于各种应用。本文综述了超灵敏微量热计系统及其在生物分析和能量平衡监测中的广泛应用。我们首先讨论了微热量计的基本结构，包括封闭系统和开放系统、温度传感方法、隔离材料和温度稳定。然后重点介绍了它们在细胞代谢研究、生物分子相互作用测量、生物热分析和量热检测等方面的应用。最后，我们比较了市售微热量计的优缺点及其对生物研究的贡献。超灵敏微量热计的发展为单细胞甚至亚细胞水平的生物分析提供了工具，也为精确的量热检测提供了工具。

引用次数: 0

Methane mitigation potentials and related costs of China's coal mines 中国煤矿的甲烷减排潜力及相关成本

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.09.012

Yating Kang , Peipei Tian , Jiashuo Li , Hetong Wang , Kuishuang Feng

Mitigating methane (CH₄) emissions from China's coal mines as the largest contributor to anthropogenic CH₄ emissions is vital for limiting global warming. However, the knowledge about CH₄ mitigation potentials and economic costs of Chinese coal mines remain poorly understood, which hinders the formulation of tailored CH₄ mitigation strategies. Here, we estimate and project China's provincial coal mine methane (CMM) emissions, mitigation potentials and costs under various coal production scenarios, by integrating the dynamic emission factors of CMM and key abatement technologies. We find that through continuous coal cuts and available CMM mitigation measures, China's CMM emissions can be reduced by 65%-78% (10.9 Tg-13.1 Tg) in 2060, compared with the 2021 level. CH₄ emissions from abandoned coal mines will far exceed those from coal mining under the 2060 carbon-neutral scenario, especially in northeastern China. It was also found that CMM mitigation is not economically feasible at present, but may be the most cost-effective solution as CO₂ prices increase. All coal-producing provinces can achieve CMM mitigation below 50 RMB/t CO₂e in 2060. Inner Mongolia is identified as a hotspot for CMM mitigation with huge potential and lower cost. Our prospective assessment can provide insights into China's CMM mitigation in response to climate change.

中国煤矿是人为甲烷排放的最大来源，减少煤矿的甲烷排放对限制全球变暖至关重要。然而，对中国煤矿CH4减排潜力和经济成本的了解仍然很少，这阻碍了制定有针对性的CH4减排策略。在此基础上，通过整合煤层气动态排放因子和关键减排技术，对不同煤炭生产情景下中国省级煤矿甲烷排放、减排潜力和成本进行了估算和预测。我们发现，通过持续的煤炭削减和现有的CMM缓解措施，到2060年，中国的CMM排放量可以比2021年的水平减少65%-78% （10.9 Tg-13.1 Tg）。在2060年碳中和情景下，废弃煤矿的甲烷排放量将远远超过煤炭开采，特别是在中国东北地区。还发现，减缓CMM目前在经济上不可行，但随着二氧化碳价格的上涨，可能是最具成本效益的解决办法。到2060年，所有产煤省份均可实现50元/吨二氧化碳当量以下的CMM减排目标。内蒙古被确定为缓解CMM的热点地区，潜力巨大，成本较低。我们的前瞻性评估可以为中国应对气候变化的CMM减缓提供见解。

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引用次数: 0

Redox-manipulated RhOx nanoclusters uniformly anchored on Sr2Fe1.45Rh0.05Mo0.5O6–δ perovskite for CO2 electrolysis 氧化还原操纵的RhOx纳米团簇均匀锚定在Sr2Fe1.45Rh0.05Mo0.5O6 -δ钙钛矿上进行CO2电解

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.07.010

Houfu Lv , Le Lin , Xiaomin Zhang , Yuefeng Song , Rongtan Li , Jingwei Li , Hiroaki Matsumoto , Na Ta , Chaobin Zeng , Huimin Gong , Qiang Fu , Guoxiong Wang , Xinhe Bao

The sluggish reaction kinetics of CO₂ electroreduction in perovskite-based cathodes severely limits the efficiency of solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). The construction of the high-density active sites on the perovskite surface is crucial for promoting CO₂ electrolysis in SOEC. In this study, we explore a redox-induced redispersion strategy to produce RhO_x nanoclusters uniformly anchored on a Sr₂Fe_1.45Rh_0.05Mo_0.5O_6–δ (SFRhM) perovskite surface with a high density of 36,000 µm⁻². Compared with non-uniformly distributed RhO_x nanoparticles on Sr₂Fe_1.5Mo_0.5O_6–δ (RhO_x/SFM) prepared by a conventional impregnation process, the successive reduction and oxidation treatment first exsolves the highly dispersed RhFe alloy nanoparticles on SFRhM and then selectively dissolves the iron species in the RhFe alloy nanoparticles into the bulk of SFRhM, resulting in fully exposed RhO_x nanoclusters uniformly anchored on the SFRhM surface (RhO_x@SFRhM). Electrochemical measurements and density functional theory calculations indicate that the high-density RhO_x@SFRhM interfaces promote CO₂ adsorption and activation during CO₂ electrolysis, thus leading to improved electrocatalytic activity and stability compared to that of its SFRhM and RhO_x/SFM counterparts.

钙钛矿基阴极中CO2电还原反应动力学迟缓严重限制了固体氧化物电解电池的效率。钙钛矿表面高密度活性位点的构建是促进SOEC中CO2电解的关键。在这项研究中，我们探索了一种氧化还原诱导的再分散策略，以产生均匀锚定在Sr2Fe1.45Rh0.05Mo0.5O6 -δ (SFRhM)钙钛矿表面的RhOx纳米团簇，其密度为36,000 μ m−2。与传统浸渍法制备的Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6 -δ (RhOx/SFM)表面非均匀分布的RhOx纳米颗粒相比，连续的还原氧化处理首先溶解了SFRhM表面高度分散的RhFe合金纳米颗粒，然后选择性地将RhFe合金纳米颗粒中的铁元素溶解到SFRhM中，从而使完全暴露的RhOx纳米团簇均匀地锚定在SFRhM表面（RhOx@SFRhM）。电化学测量和密度功能理论计算表明，高密度RhOx@SFRhM界面促进了CO2在CO2电解过程中的吸附和活化，因此与SFRhM和RhOx/SFM相比，其电催化活性和稳定性得到了提高。

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引用次数: 0

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in CNS diseases: Functional regulation and potential therapeutic indication 巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子（MIF）在中枢神经系统疾病中的功能调控及潜在的治疗指征

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.008

Yu Zhang , Zhexiang Yu , Na Ye , Xuechu Zhen

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional protein that possesses cytokine, enzyme, and endocrine activities and acts as a chaperone-like molecule. Owing to its immune-inflammatory regulatory properties, the role of MIF has long been an attractive target in research on various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. MIF is also widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), and its potential roles in CNS disorders have become a focus to elucidate the physiological and pathological effects of MIF and to explore its potential significance in the treatment of CNS diseases. Previously, the majority of work on MIF functional regulation was focused on MIF tautomerase inhibitors. However, mounting information has indicated that the functions of MIF extend far beyond its tautomerase activity. Here, we review the recent advances in understanding the complex roles of MIF in the pathogenesis of CNS disorders as well as the discovery and design of small molecules targeted to tautomerase and nuclease of MIF.

巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子（Macrophage migration inhibitory factor， MIF）是一种具有细胞因子、酶和内分泌活性的多功能蛋白，是一种类似伴侣的分子。由于其免疫炎症调节特性，MIF在各种自身免疫性和炎症性疾病的研究中一直是一个有吸引力的靶点。MIF在中枢神经系统（CNS）中也广泛表达，其在中枢神经系统疾病中的潜在作用已成为阐明MIF生理和病理作用以及探讨其在中枢神经系统疾病治疗中的潜在意义的研究热点。以前，关于MIF功能调控的大部分工作都集中在MIF互变酶抑制剂上。然而，越来越多的信息表明，MIF的功能远远超出了它的互变酶活性。在这里，我们回顾了最近在理解MIF在中枢神经系统疾病发病机制中的复杂作用以及靶向MIF的互变异构酶和核酸酶的小分子的发现和设计方面的进展。

引用次数: 0