Fundamental Research最新文献_第10页

Functional traits mediate seedling survival response to climate in a temperate forest 功能特征是温带森林中幼苗存活率对气候反应的介导因素

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.002

Zhichao Xu , Robert Muscarella , Meihui Zhu , Shuai Fang , Ji Ye , Fei Lin , Zikun Mao , Zhanqing Hao , Xugao Wang

Functional traits are increasingly used to forecast the response of plant performance to abiotic and biotic conditions. However, it remains unclear how functional traits will mediate the complex responses of plants to interactive drivers in a rapidly changing world. Here, we collected 17-year monitoring data on seedlings of 28 locally coexisting species and 8 functional traits in a temperate forest, and built multi-level regression models to evaluate (1) whether seedling survival varied among species along the acquisitive-conservative strategy gradient, and which functional trait affected seedling survival; and (2) how survival of species with different functional strategies responded to negative density dependence (NDD) and climate variation. We found that species with an acquisitive strategy had higher seedling survival. Specifically, seedling survival was positively correlated with specific root length (SRL), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf area (LA), but inversely correlated with leaf dry mass content (LDMC). Functional strategies along the acquisitive-conservative gradient showed no significant effects on survival response to conspecific and phylogenetic negative density dependence. Negative effects of heterospecific negative density dependence on seedling survival were weaker for species with higher LDMC, but stronger for seedlings with larger SRL. In addition, species with more conservative strategies had higher resistance to drought stress and freezing damage. For example, species with lower SRL and SLA, and higher LDMC had higher survival under severer seasonal drought. Also, heavier seeds and thicker roots enhanced freezing resistance, whereas higher SRL and LA intensified the negative effects of cold weather. Our study provides strong evidence that functional traits could widely mediate the effects of local biotic interactions and climatic variation on plant performance dynamics, and help to infer community assemblages and species coexistence in the context of a changing world.

功能性状越来越多地用于预测植物对非生物和生物条件的反应。然而，在一个快速变化的世界中，功能性状如何调节植物对交互驱动因素的复杂反应仍不清楚。在此，我们收集了温带森林中28种本地共存物种和8种功能性状的幼苗17年监测数据，并建立了多级回归模型来评估(1)幼苗存活率是否在物种间沿获取-保守策略梯度变化，以及哪些功能性状影响幼苗存活；(2)不同功能策略的物种生存对负密度依赖（NDD）和气候变化的响应。我们发现，具有获取策略的物种幼苗存活率更高。其中，幼苗成活率与比根长（SRL）、比叶面积（SLA）、叶面积（LA）呈正相关，与叶片干质量含量（LDMC）呈负相关。沿着获取-保守梯度的功能策略对同种和系统发育负密度依赖的生存反应没有显著影响。异种负密度依赖对幼苗成活率的负面影响在LDMC高的物种中较弱，在SRL大的物种中较强。此外，保守策略的物种对干旱胁迫和冻害的抗性更高。例如，在严重的季节性干旱条件下，SRL和SLA较低、LDMC较高的物种存活率较高。种子较重、根系较粗增强了抗冻性，而SRL和LA较高则加剧了寒冷天气的负面影响。我们的研究提供了强有力的证据，表明功能性状可以广泛地介导局部生物相互作用和气候变化对植物性能动态的影响，并有助于推断在变化的世界背景下的群落组合和物种共存。

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引用次数: 0

A dynamic and classifier-based model for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant spillover risk assessment in China 中国严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型奥密克戎外溢风险评估的动态和分类器模型

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.014

Hongjie Wei , Jia Rui , Yunkang Zhao , Huimin Qu , Jing Wang , Guzainuer Abudurusuli , Qiuping Chen , Zeyu Zhao , Wentao Song , Yao Wang , Roger Frutos , Tianmu Chen

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to have a huge impact on health care and economic systems around the world. The first question to ponder is to understand the flow of COVID-19 in the spatial and temporal dimensions. We collected 7 Omicron clusters outbreaks in China since the outbreak of COVID-19 as of August 2022, selected outbreak cases from different provinces and cities, and collected variable indicators that affect spillover outcomes, such as distance, migration index, PHSM index, daily reported cases number and so on. First, variables influencing spillover outcome events were assessed and analyzed retrospectively by constructing an infectious disease dynamics model and a classifier model, and secondly, the association between explanatory variables and spillover outcome events was constructed by fitting a logistics function. This study incorporates 7 influencing factors and classifies the spillover risk level into 3 levels. If different outbreak sites could be classified into different levels of spillover, it may reduce the pressure of epidemic prevention in some districts due to the lack of a uniform standard, which might be more conducive to achieving the goal of "dynamic zero".

2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）继续对世界各地的卫生保健和经济系统产生巨大影响。首先要思考的问题是，从空间和时间维度上理解新冠病毒的流动。我们收集了自2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）暴发以来截至2022年8月在中国发生的7起Omicron聚集性疫情，选取了不同省市的疫情病例，收集了影响外溢结果的变量指标，如距离、迁移指数、PHSM指数、日报告病例数等。首先，通过构建传染病动力学模型和分类器模型对影响外溢结果事件的变量进行回顾性评估和分析；其次，通过拟合logistic函数构建解释变量与外溢结果事件的关联关系。本研究纳入7个影响因素，将溢出风险等级划分为3个等级。如果可以将不同的疫情发生地划分为不同的外溢程度，可能会减轻一些城市因缺乏统一标准而面临的防疫压力，更有利于实现“动态零”目标。

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引用次数: 0

Spin orbit torque locally controlling exchange bias to realize high detection sensitivity of two-dimensional magnetic field 自旋轨道转矩局部控制交换偏置，实现二维磁场的高探测灵敏度

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.07.010

Weibin Chen , Yixuan Lin , Kun Zhang , Zhiqiang Cao , Xiaonan Zhao , Zitong Zhou , Xiaolong Wang , Shaohua Yan , Honglei Du , Qunwen Leng , Shishen Yan

Spin orbit torque (SOT) of spin current has provided an efficient manipulation of ferromagnet order, antiferromagnet order, and exchange bias field for various spintronic applications. Here, in contrast to the external magnetic field which is very hard to apply locally, we propose to utilize the local control characteristic of SOT on the macro-nano-meter scale to set four different directions of exchange bias field at the IrMn/CoFe interface on one chip simultaneously. Moreover, with this fully electrical control technology to replace the existing various complex processes based on magnetic field annealing, we fabricate monolithic dual-axis full Wheatstone-bridge magnetoresistance sensors to detect two-dimensional magnetic field vector, which exhibit very high detection sensitivity of 9.45 nT

\cdot

Hz

^{- 1 / 2}

and 12.3 nT

\cdot

Hz

^{- 1 / 2}

at 10 Hz for X-axis and Y-axis sensing, respectively. This work provides a paradigm to simultaneously implement function configurations of spintronic devices by using the local control characteristic of SOT.

自旋电流的自旋轨道转矩（SOT）为各种自旋电子应用提供了对铁磁体有序、反铁磁体有序和交换偏置场的有效控制。本文针对外部磁场难以局部施加的问题，提出利用SOT在宏观纳米尺度上的局部控制特性，在同一芯片上的IrMn/CoFe界面同时设置4个不同方向的交换偏置场。此外，利用这种全电气控制技术取代现有的基于磁场退火的各种复杂工艺，我们制作了单片双轴全惠斯通桥磁阻传感器来检测二维磁场矢量，该传感器在10 Hz时分别具有9.45 nT·Hz - 1/2和12.3 nT·Hz - 1/2的检测灵敏度，用于x轴和y轴检测。本研究提供了一种利用SOT的局部控制特性同时实现自旋电子器件功能配置的范例。

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引用次数: 0

Tailoring combinational therapy with Monte Carlo method-based regression modeling 基于蒙特卡罗方法的回归模型的组合治疗

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.008

Boqian Wang , Shuofeng Yuan , Chris Chun-Yiu Chan , Jessica Oi-Ling Tsang , Yiwu He , Kwok-Yung Yuen , Xianting Ding , Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan

Combinatorial drug therapies are generally more effective than monotherapies in treating viral infections. However, it is critical for dose optimization to maximize the efficacy and minimize side effects. Although various strategies have been devised to accelerate the optimization process, their efficiencies were limited by the high noises and suboptimal reproducibility of biological assays. With conventional methods, variances among the replications are used to evaluate the errors of the readouts alone rather than actively participating in the optimization. Herein, we present the Regression Modeling Enabled by Monte Carlo Method (ReMEMC) algorithm for rapid identification of effective combinational therapies. ReMEMC transforms the sample variations into probability distributions of the regression coefficients and predictions. In silico simulations revealed that ReMEMC outperformed conventional regression methods in benchmark problems, and demonstrated its superior robustness against experimental noises. Using COVID-19 as a model disease, ReMEMC successfully identified an optimal 3-drug combination among 10 anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug compounds within two rounds of experiments. The optimal combination showed 2-log and 3-log higher load reduction than non-optimized combinations and monotherapy, respectively. Further workflow refinement allowed identification of personalized drug combinational therapies within 5 days. The strategy may serve as an efficient and universal tool for dose combination optimization.

在治疗病毒感染方面，联合药物治疗通常比单一药物治疗更有效。然而，最大限度地提高疗效和减少副作用是剂量优化的关键。虽然已经设计了各种策略来加速优化过程，但它们的效率受到生物测定的高噪音和次优重现性的限制。在传统的方法中，重复之间的方差被用来单独评估读数的误差，而不是积极参与优化。在此，我们提出了蒙特卡罗方法（memorc）算法支持的回归建模，用于快速识别有效的联合疗法。memorc将样本变化转换为回归系数和预测的概率分布。计算机仿真结果表明，该方法在基准问题中的表现优于传统的回归方法，并且对实验噪声具有较强的鲁棒性。以COVID-19为模型疾病，remec在两轮实验中成功从10种抗sars - cov -2药物化合物中筛选出最佳的3药组合。与非优化组合和单药治疗相比，优化组合的负荷减少率分别高出2和3个对数。进一步的工作流程改进允许在5天内确定个性化药物联合疗法。该策略可作为一种有效和通用的剂量组合优化工具。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic programming principle for backward doubly stochastic recursive optimal control problem and sobolev weak solution of the stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation 后向双随机递归最优控制问题的动态编程原理和随机汉密尔顿-雅各比-贝尔曼方程的索博廖夫弱解法

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.014

Yunhong Li , Anis Matoussi , Lifeng Wei , Zhen Wu

In this paper, we investigate a backward doubly stochastic recursive optimal control problem wherein the cost function is expressed as the solution to a backward doubly stochastic differential equation. We present the dynamical programming principle for this type of optimal control problem and establish that the value function is the unique Sobolev weak solution to the associated stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation.

本文研究了一类后向双随机递推最优控制问题，其中代价函数表示为后向双随机微分方程的解。给出了这类最优控制问题的动态规划原理，并证明了该值函数是相关随机Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman方程的唯一Sobolev弱解。

引用次数: 0

Characteristic and mechanism of pollution by laser cleaning high-value vehicle parts with a complex structure in remanufacturing industry 再制造行业激光清洗结构复杂的高价值汽车零部件的污染特征和机理

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.002

Rui Wang, Lu Zhan, Zhenming Xu

Remanufacturing high-value vehicle parts is of substantial significance for the circular economy because it provides a second service life and reduces solid waste generation. Laser cleaning is a promising method in the remanufacturing industry owing to its high energy, precision, and efficiency. However, the pollution caused by laser cleaning remains unknown and has rarely been reported, limiting the application of this method. In this study, pollution removal and conversion using a high-energy laser were explored, and environmental life cycle and health risk assessments were conducted. The results showed that high-energy lasers might induce new organic pollutants, such as olefins, alkynes, and aldehydes. During laser cleaning, thermal elastic expansion and shock wave generation were the main mechanisms of rust removal, and evaporation and small-scope boiling were used for waste oil removal. The mean concentration of PM₁₀ was above 7000 µg/m³ in laser rust removal, and the total concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was the highest in laser oil removal (∼ 2568 µg/m³). Particulate matter contained high amounts of Fe, Al, and Mn. An environmental life cycle assessment indicated that laser cleaning for stain removal significantly reduced the total environmental impact compared with that of traditional solvent-ultrasonic cleaning (∼ 40.0%) and sandblasting (∼ 83.3%). This study provides an environmental protection basis for increasing the use of laser cleaning in the remanufacturing industry.

高价值汽车零部件的再制造对于循环经济具有重要意义，因为它提供了二次使用寿命，减少了固体废物的产生。激光清洗以其能量高、精度高、效率高等优点，在再制造领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而，激光清洗引起的污染仍然未知，很少报道，限制了该方法的应用。本研究探讨了利用高能激光去除和转化污染，并进行了环境生命周期和健康风险评估。结果表明，高能激光可能诱发新的有机污染物，如烯烃、炔烃和醛。在激光清洗过程中，热弹性膨胀和激波产生是主要的除锈机制，蒸发和小范围沸腾是主要的废油去除机制。激光除锈时PM10的平均浓度在7000µg/m3以上，激光除油时挥发性有机物（VOCs）的总浓度最高（~ 2568µg/m3）。颗粒物中含有大量的铁、铝和锰。一项环境生命周期评估表明，与传统的溶剂-超声波清洗（~ 40.0%）和喷砂（~ 83.3%）相比，用于去除污渍的激光清洗显著降低了总环境影响。本研究为在再制造行业中增加激光清洗的应用提供了环保依据。

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引用次数: 0

Exploration of ultrafast dynamic processes in photocatalysis: Advances and challenges 探索光催化中的超快动态过程：进展与挑战

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.003

Fengying Zhang , Yuman Jiang , Jiaxin Liu , Anqiang Jiang , Yuehan Cao , Shan Yu , Kaibo Zheng , Ying Zhou

Photocatalysis plays a crucial role in harnessing renewable energy by efficiently converting solar energy into chemical energy. Adequate cognition of photogenerated charge carrier dynamics in photocatalysis is the key to realizing efficient solar energy utilization, and provides guidance for breaking through the efficiency bottleneck. However, a convincing correlation between those photophysical processes and the photocatalytic performance has yet been established due to the complexity of photocatalytic reactions. In this review, we overviewed the detailed ultrafast photophysics in photocatalysis based on three typical ultrafast spectroscopic techniques (TRPL, TA and TRIR), and put a special focus on the justification as well as the limitation on correlating those photophysics with the actual catalytic performance. The classification of carrier behaviors after photoexcitation as well as typical time-resolved spectroscopic characterization techniques are briefly introduced first. State-of-the-art studies on the excited state dynamics in photocatalysis and its correlation to catalytic performance are then systematically presented from three types of common photocatalysts including quantum dots, polymeric photocatalysts, and traditional semiconductors. Finally, a summary on the correlation between ultrafast photophysics and the final photocatalytic performance is provided, and challenges and limitations of current photophysical characterization to rationalize the catalytic performance are outlined.

光催化通过将太阳能有效地转化为化学能，在利用可再生能源方面起着至关重要的作用。充分认识光催化中光生载流子动力学是实现太阳能高效利用的关键，对突破效率瓶颈具有指导意义。然而，由于光催化反应的复杂性，这些光物理过程与光催化性能之间尚未建立令人信服的相关性。本文以三种典型的超快光谱技术（TRPL、TA和TRIR）为基础，对光催化中的超快光物理进行了详细的综述，并重点讨论了将这些超快光物理与实际催化性能相关联的理由和局限性。首先简要介绍了光激发后载流子行为的分类以及典型的时间分辨光谱表征技术。从量子点、聚合物光催化剂和传统半导体等三种常见的光催化剂出发，系统地介绍了光催化中激发态动力学及其与催化性能的关系。最后，总结了超快光物理与最终光催化性能之间的关系，并概述了当前光物理表征以使催化性能合理化的挑战和局限性。

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引用次数: 0

East Asian climate evolution during the Cenozoic: A review from the modeling perspective 东亚新生代气候演化：从模拟的角度回顾

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.09.011

Ran Zhang , Dabang Jiang , Xiangyu Li , Jiawen Shi , Tiantian Shen

The East Asian climate evolution during the Cenozoic era is of great importance in paleoclimate research, a fascinating topic for paleoclimatologists with efforts in both geological reconstructions and modeling studies. However, the origin of the Cenozoic East Asian monsoon climate is still debated, and the associated dynamic mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we review East Asian climate evolution during the Cenozoic from the modeling perspective. Model results forced by paleogeography show that central Asian drylands existed and extended eastward to the edge of the Asian continent during the early Cenozoic. This arid climate likely retreated westward to inland Asia, and eastern China was generally wet by the late Eocene. Comparatively, the simulated East Asian summer monsoon was strong, and the winter monsoon was relatively weak during the early Eocene, partly related to the higher atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. Global cooling has caused long-term aridification and strengthened the seasonalities of the wind and precipitation in eastern China since the late Eocene. The paleogeographical evolution from the Eocene to the Miocene, particularly Tibetan Plateau growth, was likely the key factor for excessive precipitation in eastern China by strengthening the East Asian summer monsoon and central Asian aridification by blocking the water vapor supply. Together, these processes ultimately resulted in the occurrence of the modern-like East Asian monsoon climate and central Asian drylands by the early Miocene. Afterward, global cooling overrode the effect of paleogeography and mainly contributed to aridification in eastern China during the late Miocene.

东亚新生代气候演化在古气候研究中具有重要意义，是古气候学家在地质重建和模拟研究中所关注的热点。然而，新生代东亚季风气候的成因仍有争议，相关的动力机制也有待阐明。本文从模拟的角度回顾了东亚新生代的气候演化过程。古地理强迫的模式结果表明，早新生代中亚旱地存在并向东延伸至亚洲大陆边缘。这种干旱的气候可能向西撤退到亚洲内陆，中国东部在始新世晚期普遍潮湿。始新世早期东亚夏季风较强，冬季风相对较弱，这与大气CO2浓度较高有关。晚始新世以来，全球变冷导致中国东部长期干旱化，并增强了风和降水的季节性。总之，这些过程最终导致了中新世早期东亚季风气候和中亚旱地的出现。随后，全球变冷取代了古地理的影响，成为晚中新世中国东部干旱化的主要原因。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering the mechanism of J/ψ-nucleon scattering 解析J/ψ核子散射机理

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.07.005

Bing Wu , Xiang-Kun Dong , Meng-Lin Du , Feng-Kun Guo , Bing-Song Zou

The low-energy

J / ψ N

scattering is important for various reasons: it is related to the hidden-charm

P_{c}

pentaquark states, provides insights into the role of gluons in nucleon structures, and is relevant to the

J / ψ

properties in nuclear medium. The scattering can happen through two distinct mechanisms: the coupled-channel mechanism via open-charm meson-baryon intermediate states, and the soft-gluon exchange mechanism. We investigate the

J / ψ N

S

-wave scattering length through both mechanisms, and find that the soft-gluon exchange mechanism leads to a scattering length at least one order of magnitude larger than that from the coupled-channel mechanism and thus is the predominant one. The findings can be verified by lattice calculations and will enhance our understanding of the scattering processes breaking the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka rule.

低能J/ψ n散射的重要性体现在以下几个方面：它与Pc五夸克态的隐粲态有关，为胶子在核子结构中的作用提供了洞见，并且与核介质中的J/ψ性质有关。散射可以通过两种不同的机制发生：开粲介子-重子中间态的耦合通道机制和软胶子交换机制。我们通过两种机制研究了J/ n s波散射长度，发现软胶子交换机制导致的散射长度比耦合通道机制至少大一个数量级，因此是主要的机制。这些发现可以通过晶格计算来验证，并将增强我们对打破Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka规则的散射过程的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Heating up the immune battle: Magnetic hyperthermia against cancer 免疫之战升温：磁热疗法对抗癌症

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.08.006

Wangbo Jiao , Lijun Dai , Bin Yan , Yi Lyu , Haiming Fan , Xiaoli Liu

Magnetic hyperthermia (MH) utilizes magnetic iron oxide nanomaterials (MIONs) to generate nano-scale heat and boost reactive oxygen species production within cells exposed to an external alternating magnetic field. Unlike conventional thermal ablation therapies that produce heat on a macro-scale, MIONs act as point source of heat inside cells, which enables MIONs-mediated MH to modulate cellular functions and fate with precision in real-time. With key benefits such as deep tissue penetration and the ability to regulate processes in a temporal-spatial and quantifiable manner, MH is now emerging as a new cancer therapy. Most intriguing is the apparent ability for MH to alter specific biological pathways associated with an anti-tumor immune response. Research efforts are now accelerating to render MH applicable to the clinical setting, with the objective of supporting the treatment of common cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this perspective paper, we highlight the recent progress made in MH, with a particular focus on its ability to manipulate anti-tumor immune mechanisms and the therapeutic advantages demonstrated thus far for HCC. We explore the current challenges in this field, and provide our perspective on the outlook for MH and its role in cancer treatment.

磁热疗（MH）利用磁性氧化铁纳米材料（MIONs）产生纳米级热量，并促进暴露于外部交变磁场的细胞内活性氧的产生。与传统热消融疗法在宏观尺度上产生热量不同，MIONs作为细胞内的点源，这使得MIONs介导的MH能够实时精确地调节细胞功能和命运。由于具有深层组织渗透和以时空和可量化的方式调节过程的能力等关键优势，MH现在正成为一种新的癌症治疗方法。最有趣的是MH明显能够改变与抗肿瘤免疫反应相关的特定生物学途径。研究工作正在加速，以使MH适用于临床环境，目的是支持治疗常见癌症，如肝细胞癌（HCC）。在这篇前瞻性的论文中，我们强调了MH的最新进展，特别关注其操纵抗肿瘤免疫机制的能力以及迄今为止对HCC的治疗优势。我们探讨了目前在这一领域的挑战，并提供了我们对MH前景及其在癌症治疗中的作用的看法。

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引用次数: 0