Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.023
Ning Wang , Xiao Xiao , Zilu Chen , Keyang Xu, Xiaoyi Cao, Dandan Kou, Jianfeng Zeng
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disorder marked by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and the formation of Lewy bodies. Traditionally viewed as primarily a dopaminergic disorder, recent research has highlighted the significant role of neuroinflammation and the complex interplay between glial cells, particularly astrocytes and microglia, in PD pathogenesis. This review explores the multifaceted roles of astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes in PD, focusing on their involvement in maintaining glutamate and ion homeostasis, energy metabolism, and the inflammatory response. We discuss the dual nature of these glial cells, which can both support and harm neuronal health under different conditions. We also examine the molecular mechanisms underlying glial cell communication, including cytokines, chemokines, extracellular vesicles, gap junctions, and neurotransmitter systems. Finally, we propose potential therapeutic strategies targeting these glial interactions to modulate neuroinflammation and protect neurons, offering new avenues for PD treatment. Understanding the diverse functions and interactions of glial cells in the central nervous system is crucial for developing effective interventions for PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
{"title":"Glial cell crosstalk in Parkinson's disease: Mechanisms, implications, and therapeutic strategies","authors":"Ning Wang , Xiao Xiao , Zilu Chen , Keyang Xu, Xiaoyi Cao, Dandan Kou, Jianfeng Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.12.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disorder marked by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and the formation of Lewy bodies. Traditionally viewed as primarily a dopaminergic disorder, recent research has highlighted the significant role of neuroinflammation and the complex interplay between glial cells, particularly astrocytes and microglia, in PD pathogenesis. This review explores the multifaceted roles of astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes in PD, focusing on their involvement in maintaining glutamate and ion homeostasis, energy metabolism, and the inflammatory response. We discuss the dual nature of these glial cells, which can both support and harm neuronal health under different conditions. We also examine the molecular mechanisms underlying glial cell communication, including cytokines, chemokines, extracellular vesicles, gap junctions, and neurotransmitter systems. Finally, we propose potential therapeutic strategies targeting these glial interactions to modulate neuroinflammation and protect neurons, offering new avenues for PD treatment. Understanding the diverse functions and interactions of glial cells in the central nervous system is crucial for developing effective interventions for PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2960-2974"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.07.008
Yuming Yao , Wenqing Xie , Michael Opoku , Djandan Tadum Arthur Vithran , Zhou Li , Yusheng Li
As non-pharmacological options for osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cold and heat therapies manipulate local temperatures to improve symptoms and promote functional recovery. Cryotherapy reduces acute pain and inflammation by lowering temperatures, while thermotherapy elevates body temperature to enhance blood circulation and tissue repair. Contrast therapy combines the benefits of cold and heat treatments, alternating between them to boost blood flow and relieve pain. This review analyzes the existing literature, highlighting the potential benefits of these treatments in alleviating symptoms of patients with OA and RA, while emphasizing the importance of developing personalized treatment plans in clinical practice. Although specific recommendations for the application of cold and heat therapies vary across major clinical guidelines, their cautious use tailored to individual patient circumstances is generally considered beneficial. Further, with the emergence of new cold and heat therapy devices and materials, such as wearable devices and applications of nanotechnology, more possibilities for physical therapy in arthritis are available now. These innovative technologies are expected to enhance the precision, safety, and convenience of treatments. However, current research on cold and heat therapies still has limitations, including small sample sizes and a lack of long-term follow-up data. Future research needs to further validate the efficacy and safety of these treatment methods through large-scale, high-quality clinical trials, and probe their role in the comprehensive management of OA and RA.
{"title":"Cryotherapy and thermotherapy in the management of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensive review","authors":"Yuming Yao , Wenqing Xie , Michael Opoku , Djandan Tadum Arthur Vithran , Zhou Li , Yusheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.07.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.07.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As non-pharmacological options for osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cold and heat therapies manipulate local temperatures to improve symptoms and promote functional recovery. Cryotherapy reduces acute pain and inflammation by lowering temperatures, while thermotherapy elevates body temperature to enhance blood circulation and tissue repair. Contrast therapy combines the benefits of cold and heat treatments, alternating between them to boost blood flow and relieve pain. This review analyzes the existing literature, highlighting the potential benefits of these treatments in alleviating symptoms of patients with OA and RA, while emphasizing the importance of developing personalized treatment plans in clinical practice. Although specific recommendations for the application of cold and heat therapies vary across major clinical guidelines, their cautious use tailored to individual patient circumstances is generally considered beneficial. Further, with the emergence of new cold and heat therapy devices and materials, such as wearable devices and applications of nanotechnology, more possibilities for physical therapy in arthritis are available now. These innovative technologies are expected to enhance the precision, safety, and convenience of treatments. However, current research on cold and heat therapies still has limitations, including small sample sizes and a lack of long-term follow-up data. Future research needs to further validate the efficacy and safety of these treatment methods through large-scale, high-quality clinical trials, and probe their role in the comprehensive management of OA and RA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2409-2431"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2025.09.003
Yang Cai , Dan Wang , Wendi Yang , Siyuan Jiang , Zhiyuan Qiang , Jie Gao , Ling Shen , Honghong Yao
Major depressive disorder (MDD), a widespread psychiatric disease with significant impacts on neurological functioning and quality of life, affects 4.4% of the global population. Despite the availability of various treatments, including antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy, approximately 50% of patients with MDD exhibit inadequate responses, leading to treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This review evaluates novel physical treatments for depression, focusing on music therapy, light therapy, cold therapy, and brain stimulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and deep-brain stimulation (DBS). Music therapy leverages the emotional and social benefits of music to improve mood and cognitive function. Light therapy influences circadian rhythms and neurotransmitter modulation to reduce depressive symptoms. Cold therapy, by regulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and neurotransmitter systems, offers a promising approach for depression management. Brain stimulation techniques, including rTMS, tDCS, and DBS, provide non-pharmacological alternatives by modulating brain activity and connectivity. Although these novel treatments show potential, significant variabilities in clinical outcomes highlight the need for personalized treatment strategies. Future research should prioritize elucidating the mechanisms of these therapies, optimizing treatment protocols, and conducting larger randomized controlled trials to evaluate their efficacy and safety. The integration of advanced technologies and comprehensive mechanistic analyses will be crucial for advancing the field and improving treatment outcomes for MDD.
{"title":"Novel and emerging physical treatments for major depressive disorder","authors":"Yang Cai , Dan Wang , Wendi Yang , Siyuan Jiang , Zhiyuan Qiang , Jie Gao , Ling Shen , Honghong Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Major depressive disorder (MDD), a widespread psychiatric disease with significant impacts on neurological functioning and quality of life, affects 4.4% of the global population. Despite the availability of various treatments, including antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy, approximately 50% of patients with MDD exhibit inadequate responses, leading to treatment-resistant depression (TRD). This review evaluates novel physical treatments for depression, focusing on music therapy, light therapy, cold therapy, and brain stimulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and deep-brain stimulation (DBS). Music therapy leverages the emotional and social benefits of music to improve mood and cognitive function. Light therapy influences circadian rhythms and neurotransmitter modulation to reduce depressive symptoms. Cold therapy, by regulating the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and neurotransmitter systems, offers a promising approach for depression management. Brain stimulation techniques, including rTMS, tDCS, and DBS, provide non-pharmacological alternatives by modulating brain activity and connectivity. Although these novel treatments show potential, significant variabilities in clinical outcomes highlight the need for personalized treatment strategies. Future research should prioritize elucidating the mechanisms of these therapies, optimizing treatment protocols, and conducting larger randomized controlled trials to evaluate their efficacy and safety. The integration of advanced technologies and comprehensive mechanistic analyses will be crucial for advancing the field and improving treatment outcomes for MDD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2442-2452"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.008
Boqian Wang , Shuofeng Yuan , Chris Chun-Yiu Chan , Jessica Oi-Ling Tsang , Yiwu He , Kwok-Yung Yuen , Xianting Ding , Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
Combinatorial drug therapies are generally more effective than monotherapies in treating viral infections. However, it is critical for dose optimization to maximize the efficacy and minimize side effects. Although various strategies have been devised to accelerate the optimization process, their efficiencies were limited by the high noises and suboptimal reproducibility of biological assays. With conventional methods, variances among the replications are used to evaluate the errors of the readouts alone rather than actively participating in the optimization. Herein, we present the Regression Modeling Enabled by Monte Carlo Method (ReMEMC) algorithm for rapid identification of effective combinational therapies. ReMEMC transforms the sample variations into probability distributions of the regression coefficients and predictions. In silico simulations revealed that ReMEMC outperformed conventional regression methods in benchmark problems, and demonstrated its superior robustness against experimental noises. Using COVID-19 as a model disease, ReMEMC successfully identified an optimal 3-drug combination among 10 anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug compounds within two rounds of experiments. The optimal combination showed 2-log and 3-log higher load reduction than non-optimized combinations and monotherapy, respectively. Further workflow refinement allowed identification of personalized drug combinational therapies within 5 days. The strategy may serve as an efficient and universal tool for dose combination optimization.
{"title":"Tailoring combinational therapy with Monte Carlo method-based regression modeling","authors":"Boqian Wang , Shuofeng Yuan , Chris Chun-Yiu Chan , Jessica Oi-Ling Tsang , Yiwu He , Kwok-Yung Yuen , Xianting Ding , Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Combinatorial drug therapies are generally more effective than monotherapies in treating viral infections. However, it is critical for dose optimization to maximize the efficacy and minimize side effects. Although various strategies have been devised to accelerate the optimization process, their efficiencies were limited by the high noises and suboptimal reproducibility of biological assays. With conventional methods, variances among the replications are used to evaluate the errors of the readouts alone rather than actively participating in the optimization. Herein, we present the Regression Modeling Enabled by Monte Carlo Method (ReMEMC) algorithm for rapid identification of effective combinational therapies. ReMEMC transforms the sample variations into probability distributions of the regression coefficients and predictions. <em>In silico</em> simulations revealed that ReMEMC outperformed conventional regression methods in benchmark problems, and demonstrated its superior robustness against experimental noises. Using COVID-19 as a model disease, ReMEMC successfully identified an optimal 3-drug combination among 10 anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug compounds within two rounds of experiments. The optimal combination showed 2-log and 3-log higher load reduction than non-optimized combinations and monotherapy, respectively. Further workflow refinement allowed identification of personalized drug combinational therapies within 5 days. The strategy may serve as an efficient and universal tool for dose combination optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2975-2982"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54681216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.014
Yunhong Li , Anis Matoussi , Lifeng Wei , Zhen Wu
In this paper, we investigate a backward doubly stochastic recursive optimal control problem wherein the cost function is expressed as the solution to a backward doubly stochastic differential equation. We present the dynamical programming principle for this type of optimal control problem and establish that the value function is the unique Sobolev weak solution to the associated stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation.
{"title":"Dynamic programming principle for backward doubly stochastic recursive optimal control problem and sobolev weak solution of the stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation","authors":"Yunhong Li , Anis Matoussi , Lifeng Wei , Zhen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we investigate a backward doubly stochastic recursive optimal control problem wherein the cost function is expressed as the solution to a backward doubly stochastic differential equation. We present the dynamical programming principle for this type of optimal control problem and establish that the value function is the unique Sobolev weak solution to the associated stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2517-2529"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.002
Rui Wang, Lu Zhan, Zhenming Xu
Remanufacturing high-value vehicle parts is of substantial significance for the circular economy because it provides a second service life and reduces solid waste generation. Laser cleaning is a promising method in the remanufacturing industry owing to its high energy, precision, and efficiency. However, the pollution caused by laser cleaning remains unknown and has rarely been reported, limiting the application of this method. In this study, pollution removal and conversion using a high-energy laser were explored, and environmental life cycle and health risk assessments were conducted. The results showed that high-energy lasers might induce new organic pollutants, such as olefins, alkynes, and aldehydes. During laser cleaning, thermal elastic expansion and shock wave generation were the main mechanisms of rust removal, and evaporation and small-scope boiling were used for waste oil removal. The mean concentration of PM10 was above 7000 µg/m3 in laser rust removal, and the total concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was the highest in laser oil removal (∼ 2568 µg/m3). Particulate matter contained high amounts of Fe, Al, and Mn. An environmental life cycle assessment indicated that laser cleaning for stain removal significantly reduced the total environmental impact compared with that of traditional solvent-ultrasonic cleaning (∼ 40.0%) and sandblasting (∼ 83.3%). This study provides an environmental protection basis for increasing the use of laser cleaning in the remanufacturing industry.
{"title":"Characteristic and mechanism of pollution by laser cleaning high-value vehicle parts with a complex structure in remanufacturing industry","authors":"Rui Wang, Lu Zhan, Zhenming Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Remanufacturing high-value vehicle parts is of substantial significance for the circular economy because it provides a second service life and reduces solid waste generation. Laser cleaning is a promising method in the remanufacturing industry owing to its high energy, precision, and efficiency. However, the pollution caused by laser cleaning remains unknown and has rarely been reported, limiting the application of this method. In this study, pollution removal and conversion using a high-energy laser were explored, and environmental life cycle and health risk assessments were conducted. The results showed that high-energy lasers might induce new organic pollutants, such as olefins, alkynes, and aldehydes. During laser cleaning, thermal elastic expansion and shock wave generation were the main mechanisms of rust removal, and evaporation and small-scope boiling were used for waste oil removal. The mean concentration of PM<sub>10</sub> was above 7000 µg/m<sup>3</sup> in laser rust removal, and the total concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was the highest in laser oil removal (∼ 2568 µg/m<sup>3</sup>). Particulate matter contained high amounts of Fe, Al, and Mn. An environmental life cycle assessment indicated that laser cleaning for stain removal significantly reduced the total environmental impact compared with that of traditional solvent-ultrasonic cleaning (∼ 40.0%) and sandblasting (∼ 83.3%). This study provides an environmental protection basis for increasing the use of laser cleaning in the remanufacturing industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2824-2831"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140797057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.001
Dan-Xuan Liu, Chao Qian
The result diversification problem is to select an optimal subset with high “quality” and “diversity” from a given ground set of items, which is popular in various applications such as web-based search, multi-document summarization and ensemble pruning. The diversity relies on the distance between items. Previous works mainly focused on metric distances, and applied a greedy or local search algorithm with theoretical guarantees. As a kind of global search algorithm inspired by Darwin’s theory of evolution, evolutionary algorithms (EAs) can have a better optimization ability than greedy and local search, but often lack theoretical support. Recently, EAs have been introduced to result diversification, achieving good theoretical guarantees besides superior empirical performances. In this paper, we study whether EAs can still achieve good theoretical guarantees for result diversification with negative type distances, which are also a class of important dissimilarity measures, especially in information retrieval and sketching techniques. We propose to reformulate the result diversification problem with negative type distances as a bi-objective maximization problem, and solve it by multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs). We prove that a simple MOEA (i.e., GSEMO) can achieve the best-known polynomial-time approximation ratio. Experiments are also performed to examine the performance of different MOEAs on the application of web-based search.
{"title":"Result diversification with negative type distances by multi-objective evolutionary algorithms","authors":"Dan-Xuan Liu, Chao Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The result diversification problem is to select an optimal subset with high “quality” and “diversity” from a given ground set of items, which is popular in various applications such as web-based search, multi-document summarization and ensemble pruning. The diversity relies on the distance between items. Previous works mainly focused on metric distances, and applied a greedy or local search algorithm with theoretical guarantees. As a kind of global search algorithm inspired by Darwin’s theory of evolution, evolutionary algorithms (EAs) can have a better optimization ability than greedy and local search, but often lack theoretical support. Recently, EAs have been introduced to result diversification, achieving good theoretical guarantees besides superior empirical performances. In this paper, we study whether EAs can still achieve good theoretical guarantees for result diversification with negative type distances, which are also a class of important dissimilarity measures, especially in information retrieval and sketching techniques. We propose to reformulate the result diversification problem with negative type distances as a bi-objective maximization problem, and solve it by multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs). We prove that a simple MOEA (i.e., GSEMO) can achieve the best-known polynomial-time approximation ratio. Experiments are also performed to examine the performance of different MOEAs on the application of web-based search.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2892-2900"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45630238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proton conductors are important for propelling the development of energy and electronic technologies. Polyoxometalates (POMs), as a class of crystalline solid superacids with nanocluster form and high proton conductivity, are intriguing candidates for this. However, the use of POMs as practical proton conductors is hindered by their low processability coming from inherent brittleness, and their humidity-dependent conductivity. Here, we report a deep eutectic strategy to convert brittle POM powders to soft processible electrolytes through supramolecular complexation with hydroxyl‑containing zwitterions. The resulting POM-zwitterion eutectics exhibit good malleability and high modulus over 1 MPa, promoting them easily processed into self-supporting eutectics. Due to the soft state and percolated hydrogen bonding networks, these eutectics can transport protons by both diffusing and hopping processes, that is, a Vehicle-Grotthuss synergistic mechanism, which enables them to show superprotonic conductivities up to 1.0 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 30 °C (25% RH) and 2.4 × 10−2 S cm−1 at 150 °C (anhydrous condition). This work paves a new route to designing advanced electrolyte materials based on the supramolecular eutectic concept.
质子导体对推动能源和电子技术的发展具有重要意义。多金属氧酸盐（pom）作为一类具有纳米团簇形式和高质子导电性的晶体固体超强酸，是这方面有趣的候选者。然而，由于其固有的脆性和与湿度相关的导电性，其加工性较低，阻碍了pom作为实际质子导体的使用。在这里，我们报告了一种深度共晶策略，通过与含羟基两性离子的超分子络合，将脆性POM粉末转化为软的可加工电解质。所制得的两性共晶具有良好的延展性和超过1 MPa的高模量，易于加工成自支撑共晶。由于软态和渗透的氢键网络，这些共晶可以通过扩散和跳跃过程传输质子，即车辆- grotthuss协同机制，这使得它们在30°C （25% RH）和150°C（无水条件）下的超质子电导率分别高达1.0 × 10−3 S cm−1和2.4 × 10−2 S cm−1。本研究为基于超分子共晶概念设计先进电解质材料开辟了一条新途径。
{"title":"A soft processible polyoxometalate-zwitterion eutectic electrolyte for superprotonic conduction","authors":"Shengchao Chai , Ronglin Zhong , Liang Zhai, Haikun Guo, Xiang Li, Lixin Wu, Haolong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton conductors are important for propelling the development of energy and electronic technologies. Polyoxometalates (POMs), as a class of crystalline solid superacids with nanocluster form and high proton conductivity, are intriguing candidates for this. However, the use of POMs as practical proton conductors is hindered by their low processability coming from inherent brittleness, and their humidity-dependent conductivity. Here, we report a deep eutectic strategy to convert brittle POM powders to soft processible electrolytes through supramolecular complexation with hydroxyl‑containing zwitterions. The resulting POM-zwitterion eutectics exhibit good malleability and high modulus over 1 MPa, promoting them easily processed into self-supporting eutectics. Due to the soft state and percolated hydrogen bonding networks, these eutectics can transport protons by both diffusing and hopping processes, that is, a Vehicle-Grotthuss synergistic mechanism, which enables them to show superprotonic conductivities up to 1.0 × 10<sup>−3</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> at 30 °C (25% RH) and 2.4 × 10<sup>−2</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> at 150 °C (anhydrous condition). This work paves a new route to designing advanced electrolyte materials based on the supramolecular eutectic concept.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2591-2596"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135371235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.007
Qian Hu , Taoyu Yang , Shanli Wang , Licong Xu , Minghua Wu , Deyou Yu , Kaixing Fu , Jinming Luo
Peracetic acid (PAA) has recently been considered a promising oxidant candidate for heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions; however, the main generation and contribution of organic radicals (R-O•) with unsatisfactory oxidation potential compromises wastewater decontamination efficiency. In this study, we demonstrate the rational design and synthesis of ultrafine FeOx nanocluster-anchored carbonaceous nanosheets (UFe-CN) for altering the PAA activation pathway from R-O• to •OH dominant process via in situ framework collapse carbonization of MIL-53(Fe). The constructed UFe-CN/PAA system effectively accelerated refractory micropollutant (e.g., p-nitrophenol (4-NP)) decomposition by the enhanced •OH formation (up to 65.24 µmol L−1) under a wide pH range (3.0–9.0), outperforming the benchmark iron-based catalyst counterparts by 4.2–10.8 times. This outstanding Fenton-like catalytic activity of UFe-CN is primarily attributed to the significant improvement in electron mitigation, ca. 49 times higher than that of its MIL-53(Fe) counterpart, for interface catalysis reactions triggered by iron species cycling. Furthermore, to facilitate adaptive engineering, the organic pollutant removal efficiency could be easily tuned by varying several key treatment factors, including the initial pH, PAA concentration, and UFe-CN dosage. More importantly, the excellent practicality of UFe-CN/PAA was demonstrated by systematically evaluating the impact of the water matrix, catalyst regeneration capability, and wastewater treatment efficiency. Overall, this study provides a significant understanding of •OH-dominated PAA activation and an effective catalyst development paradigm to facilitate the practical application of PAA-based Fenton-like oxidation.
{"title":"Promoting •OH-dominant Fenton-like process over peracetic acid activation by ultrafine FeOx nanoclusters anchored carbonaceous nanosheets","authors":"Qian Hu , Taoyu Yang , Shanli Wang , Licong Xu , Minghua Wu , Deyou Yu , Kaixing Fu , Jinming Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2023.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peracetic acid (PAA) has recently been considered a promising oxidant candidate for heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions; however, the main generation and contribution of organic radicals (R-O•) with unsatisfactory oxidation potential compromises wastewater decontamination efficiency. In this study, we demonstrate the rational design and synthesis of ultrafine FeO<sub>x</sub> nanocluster-anchored carbonaceous nanosheets (UFe-CN) for altering the PAA activation pathway from R-O• to •OH dominant process via <em>in situ</em> framework collapse carbonization of MIL-53(Fe). The constructed UFe-CN/PAA system effectively accelerated refractory micropollutant (<em>e.g.</em>, p-nitrophenol (4-NP)) decomposition by the enhanced •OH formation (up to 65.24 µmol <em>L</em><sup>−1</sup>) under a wide pH range (3.0–9.0), outperforming the benchmark iron-based catalyst counterparts by 4.2–10.8 times. This outstanding Fenton-like catalytic activity of UFe-CN is primarily attributed to the significant improvement in electron mitigation, <em>ca.</em> 49 times higher than that of its MIL-53(Fe) counterpart, for interface catalysis reactions triggered by iron species cycling. Furthermore, to facilitate adaptive engineering, the organic pollutant removal efficiency could be easily tuned by varying several key treatment factors, including the initial pH, PAA concentration, and UFe-CN dosage. More importantly, the excellent practicality of UFe-CN/PAA was demonstrated by systematically evaluating the impact of the water matrix, catalyst regeneration capability, and wastewater treatment efficiency. Overall, this study provides a significant understanding of •OH-dominated PAA activation and an effective catalyst development paradigm to facilitate the practical application of PAA-based Fenton-like oxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2580-2590"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135381671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photocatalysis plays a crucial role in harnessing renewable energy by efficiently converting solar energy into chemical energy. Adequate cognition of photogenerated charge carrier dynamics in photocatalysis is the key to realizing efficient solar energy utilization, and provides guidance for breaking through the efficiency bottleneck. However, a convincing correlation between those photophysical processes and the photocatalytic performance has yet been established due to the complexity of photocatalytic reactions. In this review, we overviewed the detailed ultrafast photophysics in photocatalysis based on three typical ultrafast spectroscopic techniques (TRPL, TA and TRIR), and put a special focus on the justification as well as the limitation on correlating those photophysics with the actual catalytic performance. The classification of carrier behaviors after photoexcitation as well as typical time-resolved spectroscopic characterization techniques are briefly introduced first. State-of-the-art studies on the excited state dynamics in photocatalysis and its correlation to catalytic performance are then systematically presented from three types of common photocatalysts including quantum dots, polymeric photocatalysts, and traditional semiconductors. Finally, a summary on the correlation between ultrafast photophysics and the final photocatalytic performance is provided, and challenges and limitations of current photophysical characterization to rationalize the catalytic performance are outlined.
{"title":"Exploration of ultrafast dynamic processes in photocatalysis: Advances and challenges","authors":"Fengying Zhang , Yuman Jiang , Jiaxin Liu , Anqiang Jiang , Yuehan Cao , Shan Yu , Kaibo Zheng , Ying Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fmre.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photocatalysis plays a crucial role in harnessing renewable energy by efficiently converting solar energy into chemical energy. Adequate cognition of photogenerated charge carrier dynamics in photocatalysis is the key to realizing efficient solar energy utilization, and provides guidance for breaking through the efficiency bottleneck. However, a convincing correlation between those photophysical processes and the photocatalytic performance has yet been established due to the complexity of photocatalytic reactions. In this review, we overviewed the detailed ultrafast photophysics in photocatalysis based on three typical ultrafast spectroscopic techniques (TRPL, TA and TRIR), and put a special focus on the justification as well as the limitation on correlating those photophysics with the actual catalytic performance. The classification of carrier behaviors after photoexcitation as well as typical time-resolved spectroscopic characterization techniques are briefly introduced first. State-of-the-art studies on the excited state dynamics in photocatalysis and its correlation to catalytic performance are then systematically presented from three types of common photocatalysts including quantum dots, polymeric photocatalysts, and traditional semiconductors. Finally, a summary on the correlation between ultrafast photophysics and the final photocatalytic performance is provided, and challenges and limitations of current photophysical characterization to rationalize the catalytic performance are outlined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34602,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental Research","volume":"5 6","pages":"Pages 2838-2849"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140795533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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