Fundamental Research最新文献_第10页

Unsupervised learning of interacting topological phases from experimental observables 基于实验观测的相互作用拓扑相位的无监督学习

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.12.016

Classifying topological phases of matter with strong interactions is a notoriously challenging task and has attracted considerable attention in recent years. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised machine learning approach that can classify a wide range of symmetry-protected interacting topological phases directly from the experimental observables and without a priori knowledge. We analytically show that Green’s functions, which can be derived from spectral functions that can be measured directly in an experiment, are suitable for serving as the input data for our learning proposal based on the diffusion map. As a concrete example, we consider a one-dimensional interacting topological insulators model and show that, through extensive numerical simulations, our diffusion map approach works as desired. In addition, we put forward a generic scheme to measure the spectral functions in ultracold atomic systems through momentum-resolved Raman spectroscopy. Our work circumvents the costly diagonalization of the system Hamiltonian, and provides a versatile protocol for the straightforward and autonomous identification of interacting topological phases from experimental observables in an unsupervised manner.

对具有强相互作用的物质拓扑相进行分类是一项极具挑战性的任务，近年来引起了广泛关注。在本文中，我们提出了一种无监督机器学习方法，它可以直接从实验观测数据中对各种对称保护的相互作用拓扑相进行分类，而无需先验知识。我们通过分析表明，格林函数可以从实验中直接测量的光谱函数中导出，适合作为我们基于扩散图的学习建议的输入数据。作为一个具体的例子，我们考虑了一维相互作用拓扑绝缘体模型，并通过大量的数值模拟表明，我们的扩散图方法可以达到预期的效果。此外，我们还提出了一种通过动量分辨拉曼光谱测量超冷原子系统光谱函数的通用方案。我们的工作规避了代价高昂的系统汉密尔顿对角化，并提供了一种通用方案，可在无监督的情况下从实验观测数据中直接、自主地识别相互作用拓扑相。

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引用次数: 0

Large-scale heterogeneous synthesis of monodisperse high performance colloidal CsPbBr3 nanocrystals 单分散高性能胶体CsPbBr3纳米晶的大规模非均相合成

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.05.030

Colloidal lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP NCs) are promising semiconductor materials for optoelectronic devices, but the high ionicity of LHP NCs makes their crystallization control and post-treatment difficult. Here, phosphonic acids (PAs) are employed as ligands to design a solid-liquid heterogeneous reaction system to regulate the LHP NC crystallization and achieve the desired focusing growth. During the heterogeneous synthesis, the precursors in the liquid phase are responsible for the burst nucleation and initial growth of NCs. Afterwards, the focusing growth of NCs is supported by the precursors released from the solid phase. In addition, the strong binding ability of PAs enables effective passivation of LHP NCs. Without post-treatment, gram-scale monodisperse CsPbBr₃ NCs having photoluminescence with a full width at half-maximum of 18 nm and a quantum yield of near-unity are obtained. The CsPbBr₃ NCs covered by a compact ligand layer keep initial quantum yield even after 18 cycles of purification, exhibiting excellent stability against polar solvents, ultraviolet irradiation and heat treatment. As scintillators, the prepared CsPbBr₃ NCs show strong radioluminescence emission and high-resolution X-ray imaging.

胶体卤化铅过氧化物纳米晶体（LHP NCs）是一种很有前途的光电器件半导体材料，但 LHP NCs 的高离子性使其结晶控制和后处理变得困难。本文采用膦酸 (PA) 作为配体，设计了一种固液异构反应体系来调节 LHP NC 结晶并实现理想的聚焦生长。在异相合成过程中，液相中的前驱体负责 NC 的迸发成核和初始生长。随后，固相中释放的前驱体为 NC 的聚焦生长提供了支持。此外，PAs 的强结合能力可有效钝化 LHP NCs。无需后处理，就能获得克级单分散 CsPbBr3 NCs，其光致发光的半最大全宽为 18 nm，量子产率接近单位。由紧密配体层覆盖的 CsPbBr3 NCs 在经过 18 次纯化后仍能保持初始量子产率，对极性溶剂、紫外线照射和热处理具有极佳的稳定性。作为闪烁体，所制备的 CsPbBr3 NCs 具有很强的放射性发射和高分辨率 X 射线成像能力。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning methods to predict cadmium (Cd) concentration in rice grain and support soil management at a regional scale 用机器学习方法预测稻谷中的镉（Cd）浓度并支持区域范围内的土壤管理

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.016

Rice is a major dietary source of the toxic metal cadmium (Cd). Concentration of Cd in rice grain varies widely at the regional scale, and it is challenging to predict grain Cd concentration using soil properties. The lack of reliable predictive models hampers management of contaminated soils. Here, we conducted a three-year survey of 601 pairs of soil and rice samples at a regional scale. Approximately 78.3% of the soil samples exceeded the soil screening values for Cd in China, and 53.9% of rice grain samples exceeded the Chinese maximum permissible limit for Cd. Predictive models were developed using multiple linear regression and machine learning methods. The correlations between rice grain Cd and soil total Cd concentrations were poor (R² < 0.17). Both linear regression and machine learning methods identified four key factors that significantly affect grain Cd concentrations, including Fe-Mn oxide bound Cd, soil pH, field soil moisture content, and the concentration of soil reducible Mn. The machine learning-based support vector machine model showed the best performance (R² = 0.87) in predicting grain Cd concentrations at a regional scale, followed by machine learning-based random forest model (R² = 0.67), and back propagation neural network model (R² = 0.64). Scenario simulations revealed that liming soil to a target pH of 6.5 could be one of the most cost-effective approaches to reduce the exceedance of Cd in rice grain. Taken together, these results show that machine learning methods can be used to predict Cd concentration in rice grain reliably at a regional scale and to support soil management and safe rice production.

水稻是有毒金属镉（Cd）的主要膳食来源。水稻谷粒中的镉浓度在区域范围内差异很大，利用土壤特性预测谷粒中的镉浓度具有挑战性。缺乏可靠的预测模型阻碍了对受污染土壤的管理。在此，我们在区域范围内对 601 对土壤和水稻样本进行了为期三年的调查。约 78.3% 的土壤样本超过了中国土壤镉筛选值，53.9% 的稻谷样本超过了中国镉最高允许限值。利用多元线性回归和机器学习方法建立了预测模型。米粒镉和土壤总镉浓度之间的相关性较差（R2 < 0.17）。线性回归和机器学习方法确定了对谷粒镉浓度有显著影响的四个关键因素，包括氧化铁-氧化锰结合镉、土壤 pH 值、田间土壤含水量和土壤可还原锰的浓度。基于机器学习的支持向量机模型在预测区域范围内谷物镉浓度方面表现最佳（R2 = 0.87），其次是基于机器学习的随机森林模型（R2 = 0.67）和反向传播神经网络模型（R2 = 0.64）。情景模拟显示，将土壤酸碱度限制在 6.5 的目标值是降低稻谷镉超标最经济有效的方法之一。综上所述，这些结果表明，机器学习方法可用于在区域范围内可靠地预测稻谷中的镉浓度，并为土壤管理和水稻安全生产提供支持。

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引用次数: 0

Towards in vivo photoacoustic human imaging: Shining a new light on clinical diagnostics 走向体内光声人体成像：为临床诊断提供新的视角

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.01.008

Multiscale visualization of human anatomical structures is revolutionizing clinical diagnosis and treatment. As one of the most promising clinical diagnostic techniques, photoacoustic imaging (PAI), or optoacoustic imaging, bridges the spatial-resolution gap between pure optical and ultrasonic imaging techniques, by the modes of optical illumination and acoustic detection. PAI can non-invasively capture multiple optical contrasts from the endogenous agents such as oxygenated/deoxygenated hemoglobin, lipid and melanin or a variety of exogenous specific biomarkers to reveal anatomy, function, and molecular for biological tissues in vivo, showing significant potential in clinical diagnostics. In 2001, the worldwide first clinical prototype of the photoacoustic system was used to screen breast cancer in vivo, which opened the prelude to photoacoustic clinical diagnostics. Over the past two decades, PAI has achieved monumental discoveries and applications in human imaging. Progress towards preclinical/clinical applications includes breast, skin, lymphatics, bowel, thyroid, ovarian, prostate, and brain imaging, etc., and there is no doubt that PAI is opening new avenues to realize early diagnosis and precise treatment of human diseases. In this review, the breakthrough researches and key applications of photoacoustic human imaging in vivo are emphatically summarized, which demonstrates the technical superiorities and emerging applications of photoacoustic human imaging in clinical diagnostics, providing clinical translational orientations for the photoacoustic community and clinicians. The perspectives on potential improvements of photoacoustic human imaging are finally highlighted.

人体解剖结构的多尺度可视化正在彻底改变临床诊断和治疗。作为最有前途的临床诊断技术之一，光声成像（PAI）或光声成像通过光学照明和声学检测模式，弥补了纯光学和超声成像技术之间的空间分辨率差距。PAI 可以无创捕捉内源性物质（如含氧/脱氧血红蛋白、脂质和黑色素）或各种外源性特异性生物标记物的多种光学对比，从而揭示体内生物组织的解剖、功能和分子，在临床诊断方面显示出巨大的潜力。2001 年，全球首个光声系统临床原型被用于体内乳腺癌筛查，拉开了光声临床诊断的序幕。在过去的二十年里，PAI 在人体成像领域取得了不朽的发现和应用。临床前/临床应用的进展包括乳腺、皮肤、淋巴、肠道、甲状腺、卵巢、前列腺和脑成像等，毫无疑问，PAI 正在为实现人类疾病的早期诊断和精确治疗开辟新的途径。本综述重点总结了体内光声人体成像的突破性研究和关键应用，展示了光声人体成像在临床诊断中的技术优势和新兴应用，为光声学界和临床医生提供了临床转化方向。最后还强调了光声人体成像的潜在改进前景。

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引用次数: 0

The coordinated impact of forest internal structural complexity and tree species diversity on forest productivity across forest biomes 森林内部结构复杂性和树种多样性对森林生产力的协调影响

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.005

Forest structural complexity can mediate the light and water distribution within forest canopies, and has a direct impact on forest biodiversity and carbon storage capability. It is believed that increases in forest structural complexity can enhance tree species diversity and forest productivity, but inconsistent relationships among them have been reported. Here, we quantified forest structural complexity in three aspects (i.e., horizontal, vertical, and internal structural complexity) from unmanned aerial vehicle light detection and ranging data, and investigated their correlations with tree species diversity and forest productivity by incorporating field measurements in three forest biomes with large latitude gradients in China. Our results show that internal structural complexity had a stronger correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.85) with tree species richness than horizontal structural complexity (correlation coefficient = -0.16) and vertical structural complexity (correlation coefficient = 0.61), and it was the only forest structural complexity attribute having significant correlations with both tree species richness and tree species evenness. A strong scale effect was observed in the correlations among forest structural complexity, tree species diversity, and forest productivity. Moreover, forest internal structural complexity had a tight positive coordinated contribution with tree species diversity to forest productivity through structure equation model analysis, while horizontal and vertical structural complexity attributes have insignificant or weaker coordinated effects than internal structural complexity, which indicated that the neglect of forest internal structural complexity might partially lead to the current inconsistent observations among forest structural complexity, tree species diversity, and forest productivity. The results of this study can provide a new angle to understand the observed inconsistent correlations among forest structural complexity, tree species diversity, and forest productivity.

森林结构的复杂性可以调节林冠内的光照和水分分布，并对森林生物多样性和碳储存能力产生直接影响。一般认为，森林结构复杂性的增加可提高树种多样性和森林生产力，但两者之间的关系报道并不一致。在此，我们利用无人机光探测和测距数据从三个方面（即水平、垂直和内部结构复杂性）量化了森林结构复杂性，并结合在中国纬度梯度较大的三个森林生物群落的实地测量结果，研究了它们与树种多样性和森林生产力的相关性。结果表明，内部结构复杂性与树种丰富度的相关性（相关系数=0.85）强于水平结构复杂性（相关系数=-0.16）和垂直结构复杂性（相关系数=0.61），是唯一与树种丰富度和树种均匀度均有显著相关性的森林结构复杂性属性。在森林结构复杂性、树种多样性和森林生产力之间的相关性中观察到了强烈的尺度效应。此外，通过结构方程模型分析，森林内部结构复杂性与树种多样性对森林生产力具有紧密的正向协调贡献，而水平和垂直结构复杂性属性的协调效应不明显或弱于内部结构复杂性，这表明对森林内部结构复杂性的忽视可能会部分导致目前森林结构复杂性、树种多样性和森林生产力之间观测结果的不一致。本研究的结果为理解森林结构复杂性、树种多样性和森林生产力之间不一致的相关性提供了一个新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

The role of intelligent technology in the development of urban air mobility systems: A technical perspective 智能技术在城市空中交通系统发展中的作用：技术视角

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.08.006

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is an emerging transportation system that aims at revolutionizing urban mobility through the deployment of small electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. The development of UAM is largely driven by advances in Intelligent Technology (IT). This review article provides an overview of the UAM system and discusses the application of IT in UAM. Major challenges facing UAM are also identified, and an outlook on the future of this promising transportation system is presented. Our main conclusions suggest that IT is a fundamental driver of UAM, enabling a range of applications such as air traffic management and autonomous drone control. However, the UAM system is facing a number of challenges, including eVTOL technology, system integration issues, and noise pollution. Despite these challenges, the future of UAM appears promising; as a disruptive transportation mode, UAM is expected to play an important role in addressing the growing demand of urban transportation in the coming decades.

城市空中交通（UAM）是一种新兴的交通系统，旨在通过部署小型电动垂直起降飞机（eVTOL）彻底改变城市交通。城市空中交通系统的发展在很大程度上是由智能技术（IT）的进步推动的。这篇综述文章概述了无人机系统，并讨论了信息技术在无人机系统中的应用。文章还指出了无人机空中作业系统面临的主要挑战，并对这一前景广阔的运输系统的未来进行了展望。我们的主要结论表明，信息技术是无人机空中交通管理的基本驱动力，可实现空中交通管理和无人机自主控制等一系列应用。然而，无人机空中交通管理系统正面临着一系列挑战，包括 eVTOL 技术、系统集成问题和噪声污染。尽管存在这些挑战，无人机空中交通系统的未来仍大有可为；作为一种颠覆性的交通模式，无人机空中交通系统有望在满足未来几十年日益增长的城市交通需求方面发挥重要作用。

引用次数: 0

Can software-defined vehicles never roll over: A perspective of active structural transformation 软件定义的车辆能否永不翻车：主动结构转型的视角

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.12.024

Bowei Zhang , Jin Huang , Jianping Wang , Yanzhao Su , Jiaxing Li , Xiangyu Wang , Ye-Hwa Chen , Yuhai Wang , Zhihua Zhong

The revolution of physical structure is highly significant for future software defined vehicles (SDV). Active structural transformation is a promising feature of the next generation of vehicle physical structure. It can enhance the dynamic performance of vehicles, thus providing safer and more comfortable ride experiences, such as the ability to avoid rollover in critical situations. Based on the active structural transformation technology, this study proposes a novel approach to improve the dynamic performance of a vehicle. The first analytical motion model of a vehicle with active structural transformation capability is established. Then, a multi-objective optimization problem with the adjustable parameters as design variables is abstracted and solved with an innovative scenario specific optimization method. Simulation results under different driving scenarios revealed that the active transformable vehicle applying the proposed method could significantly improve the handling stability without sacrificing the ride comfort, compared with a conventional vehicle with a fixed structure. The proposed method pipeline is defined by the software and supported by the hardware. It fully embodies the characteristics of SDV, and inspires the improvement of multiple types of vehicle performance based on the concept of “being defined by software” and the revolution of the physical structure.

物理结构的变革对未来的软件定义车辆（SDV）意义重大。主动结构转换是下一代汽车物理结构的一个有前途的特征。它可以增强车辆的动态性能，从而提供更安全、更舒适的驾乘体验，例如在危急情况下避免侧翻的能力。基于主动结构转换技术，本研究提出了一种改善车辆动态性能的新方法。首先建立了具有主动结构转换能力的车辆分析运动模型。然后，以可调参数为设计变量，抽象出一个多目标优化问题，并采用创新的特定场景优化方法进行求解。不同驾驶场景下的仿真结果表明，与采用固定结构的传统汽车相比，采用所提方法的主动变形汽车能在不牺牲乘坐舒适性的前提下显著提高操控稳定性。所提出的方法管道由软件定义，硬件支持。它充分体现了 SDV 的特点，并在 "由软件定义 "的理念和物理结构革命的基础上激发了多种类型车辆性能的改善。

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引用次数: 0

Allergenic risk assessment of porcine myoglobin expressed by engineered Komagataella Phaffii 猪肌红蛋白的过敏风险评估

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.11.017

Myoglobin produced by fermentation using engineered Komagataella phaffii is an important color additive in meat analogue products, but its allergenicity is poorly understood. Here, we initially searched the Allergen Online database and did not find any allergic or cross-reactive proteins in porcine myoglobin (PM). In vitro simulated digestion demonstrated that PM did not exhibit notable acid-base resistance or anti-digestion capabilities. However, sensitization was observed in BALB/c mice, including a significant increase in specific antibodies and biomarkers for allergic reactions, as well as alterations in gut microbiome and serum metabolome. Interestingly, the intensity of sensitization exhibited a negative correlation with the purity of PM. 60% and 88% purities showed weaker sensitization compared to the ovalbumin control group. These allergic reactions were likely due to the non-myoglobin protein portion, highlighting the importance of purification processes and the urgent need to assess the allergenicity of this portion.

通过使用工程化的 Komagataella phaffii 发酵产生的肌红蛋白是肉类类似产品中的一种重要色素添加剂，但对其过敏性却知之甚少。在此，我们初步搜索了过敏原在线数据库，没有在猪肌红蛋白（PM）中发现任何过敏或交叉反应蛋白。体外模拟消化表明，猪肌红蛋白没有表现出明显的耐酸碱性或抗消化能力。然而，在 BALB/c 小鼠体内观察到了致敏现象，包括特异性抗体和过敏反应生物标志物的显著增加，以及肠道微生物组和血清代谢组的改变。有趣的是，过敏的强度与 PM 的纯度呈负相关。与卵清蛋白对照组相比，纯度为60%和88%的可吸入颗粒物的致敏程度较弱。这些过敏反应很可能是由非肌红蛋白部分引起的，这凸显了纯化过程的重要性以及评估这部分蛋白质过敏性的迫切需要。

引用次数: 0

Double safety guarantees: Food-grade photothermal complex with a pH-triggered NIR absorption from zero to one 双重安全保证：食品级光热复合物，pH值触发近红外吸收从零到一

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.06.004

Photothermal therapy has aroused great attention and showed promising potential in minimally invasive tumor ablation, but the clinical translation is still stifled by the concerns of unwanted injury to normal tissues. The safety concerns might be completely solved only when the two security obstacles of “material-toxicity” and “photo-toxicity” were overcome simultaneously. Herein, a completely non-toxic food-grade photothermal transduction agent (PTA) with double safety guarantees was invented, which shows an absolute transformation of the photothermal effect from “0” to “1” after being triggered by an acidic tumor microenvironment. Inspired by the classical starch-iodine test, a preprogrammed [starch-KI-KIO₃] complex was prepared in large quantities through a modified wet-milling procedure. It's demonstrated that a macroscopic consecutive reaction could be triggered by low pH to produce the starch-iodine complex which can generate lethal temperature under the near-infrared light irradiation. Meanwhile, the PTA shows excellent biocompatibility with no “material-toxicity” owing to the raw materials drawn from our daily food. Animal experiments reveal that the tumor microenvironment can activate the switch of photothermal effect from “0” to “1” successfully, which is thus responsible for the discriminative photo-damage to the tumor region while no “photo-toxicity” to normal tissue. The good treatment efficacy confirms the feasibility of such photothermal transduction agents with double safety guarantees in clinical applications.

光热疗法在微创肿瘤消融方面引起了极大的关注，并显示出良好的潜力，但临床应用仍因担心对正常组织造成不必要的伤害而受阻。只有同时克服 "材料毒性 "和 "光毒性 "这两个安全障碍，才能彻底解决安全问题。在此，我们发明了一种完全无毒、具有双重安全保障的食品级光热传导剂（PTA），它在酸性肿瘤微环境的触发下，光热效应从 "0 "到 "1 "的绝对转化。受经典的淀粉-碘试验启发，通过改进的湿法研磨程序，大量制备了预编程的[淀粉-KI-KIO3]复合物。实验证明，低 pH 值可引发宏观连续反应，产生淀粉-碘复合物，该复合物在近红外光照射下可产生致命温度。同时，由于原材料取自我们的日常食物，PTA 具有良好的生物相容性，没有 "材料毒性"。动物实验表明，肿瘤微环境能成功激活光热效应从 "0 "到 "1 "的开关，从而对肿瘤区域产生辨别性光损伤，而对正常组织无 "光毒性"。良好的治疗效果证实了这种具有双重安全保障的光热传导制剂在临床应用中的可行性。

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引用次数: 0

Event-triggered neuroadaptive predefined practical finite-time control for dynamic positioning vessels: A time-based generator approach 动态定位血管的事件触发神经自适应预定义实用有限时间控制：一种基于时间的生成器方法

IF 6.2 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research

Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.09.013

This paper discusses the predefined practical finite-time (PPFT) dynamic positioning (DP) control problem for DP vessels subject to internal/external uncertainties. Those heterogeneity uncertainties are handled by a separate-type treatment approach. The finite-time (FT) DP control is fulfilled by a predefined FT function on the basis of a time-based generator (TBG). Under the dynamic surface control together with the TBG design framework, the convergence time and control accuracy of the DP system can be determined by the designer offline. Meanwhile, the virtual derivation and computational burden problems are dissolved by using a first-order filter and virtual parameter learning technique. To reduce mechanical wear, an event-triggering protocol between the control law and the actuator is built to reduce the operating frequency of the actuator. An event-triggered neuroadaptive PPFT control scheme is presented for DP vessels. The stability of the closed-loop DP control systems is validated via the Lyapunov theorem. Approach efficiency is confirmed by numerical examples.

本文讨论了受内部/外部不确定性影响的 DP 船舶的预定义实用有限时间（PPFT）动态定位（DP）控制问题。这些异质性不确定性通过单独类型的处理方法进行处理。有限时间（FT）DP 控制由基于时间发生器（TBG）的预定义 FT 函数实现。在动态表面控制和 TBG 设计框架下，设计人员可离线确定 DP 系统的收敛时间和控制精度。同时，利用一阶滤波器和虚拟参数学习技术解决了虚拟推导和计算负担问题。为减少机械磨损，在控制法则和执行器之间建立了事件触发协议，以降低执行器的工作频率。针对 DP 船舶提出了一种事件触发神经自适应 PPFT 控制方案。闭环 DP 控制系统的稳定性通过 Lyapunov 定理得到了验证。通过数值示例证实了该方法的效率。

引用次数: 0