Advances in Applied Energy最新文献_第6页

Boosting direct-ethane solid oxide fuel cell efficiency with anchored palladium nanoparticles on perovskite-based anode 在钙钛矿基阳极上锚定钯纳米颗粒提高直接乙烷固体氧化物燃料电池效率

IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Advances in Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2025-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2025.100206

Shuo Zhai , Junyu Cai , Idris Temitope Bello , Xi Chen , Na Yu , Rubao Zhao , Xingke Cai , Yunhong Jiang , Meng Ni , Heping Xie

An efficient anode catalyst for hydrocarbon fuel in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) should possess a stable phase structure, high catalytic efficiency, and excellent coke resistance. However, traditional nickel-based anodes necessitate high steam-to-carbon ratios to prevent coking, complicating system design and reducing the overall performance. In this work, we report a nickel-free PrBaFe_1.9Pd_0.1O_5+δ perovskite as anode material for direct ethane SOFC, which demonstrates superior electroactivity and chemical stability. Under a reducing atmosphere, Pd nano-catalysts exsolved in-situ are uniformly anchored to the perovskite surface. Density functional theory analyses reveal that the Pd exsolution significantly improve ethane adsorption capacity, thereby reducing activation resistance and boosting catalytic performance. When used as an anode for an SDC electrolyte-supported SOFC, superior performance is achieved with the peak power densities (PPDs) of 702 and 377 mW cm^-2 at 800 °C when using hydrogen and almost dry ethane (3% H₂O) as fuel, respectively. Moreover, the cell exhibits a stable continuous operation over 90 h under almost dry ethane atmosphere at 178 mA cm⁻², presenting a promising pathway for developing high-performance, nickel-free SOFC anodes that simplify system design and improves efficiency when operating with hydrocarbon fuels, thus holding significant potential for practical SOFC applications.

固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）中高效的烃类燃料阳极催化剂应具有稳定的相结构、高的催化效率和优异的抗焦炭性能。然而，传统的镍基阳极需要高蒸汽碳比来防止结焦，使系统设计复杂化并降低整体性能。在这项工作中，我们报道了一种无镍PrBaFe1.9Pd0.1O5+δ钙钛矿作为直接乙烷SOFC的阳极材料，该材料具有优异的电活性和化学稳定性。在还原气氛下，原位溶解的钯纳米催化剂被均匀地固定在钙钛矿表面。密度泛函理论分析表明，Pd解液显著提高了乙烷吸附能力，从而降低了活化阻力，提高了催化性能。当用作SDC电解质支持的SOFC阳极时，在800°C下，当使用氢气和几乎干燥的乙烷（3% H2O）作为燃料时，其峰值功率密度（PPDs）分别为702和377 mW cm-2，具有优异的性能。此外，该电池在几乎干燥的乙烷气氛下，在178毫安厘米−2下稳定连续运行超过90小时，为开发高性能、无镍SOFC阳极提供了一条有前途的途径，可以简化系统设计，提高烃类燃料运行时的效率，从而具有实际SOFC应用的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A review of scalable and privacy-preserving multi-agent frameworks for distributed energy resources 分布式能源可扩展和隐私保护多智能体框架综述

IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Advances in Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2024.100205

Xiang Huo , Hao Huang , Katherine R. Davis , H. Vincent Poor , Mingxi Liu

Distributed energy resources (DERs) are gaining prominence due to their advantages in improving energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, and enhancing grid resilience. Despite the increasing deployment, the potential of DERs has yet to be fully explored and exploited. A fundamental question restrains the management of numerous DERs in large-scale power systems, “How should DER data be securely processed and DER operations be efficiently optimized?” To address this question, this paper considers two critical issues, namely privacy for processing DER data and scalability in optimizing DER operations, then surveys existing and emerging solutions from a multi-agent framework perspective. In the context of scalability, this paper reviews state-of-the-art research that relies on parallel control, optimization, and learning within distributed and/or decentralized information exchange structures, while in the context of privacy, it identifies privacy preservation measures that can be synthesized into the aforementioned scalable structures. Despite research advances in these areas, challenges remain because these highly interdisciplinary studies blend a wide variety of scalable computing architectures and privacy preservation techniques from different fields, making them difficult to adapt in practice. To mitigate this issue, this paper provides a holistic review of trending strategies that orchestrate privacy and scalability for large-scale power system operations from a multi-agent perspective, particularly for DER control problems. Furthermore, this review extrapolates new approaches for future scalable, privacy-aware, and cybersecure pathways to unlock the full potential of DERs through controlling, optimizing, and learning generic multi-agent-based cyber–physical systems.

分布式能源（DERs）由于其在提高能源效率、减少碳排放和增强电网弹性方面的优势而日益受到重视。尽管部署越来越多，但DERs的潜力尚未得到充分探索和利用。一个基本问题制约着大规模电力系统中大量DER的管理，“如何安全地处理DER数据并有效地优化DER操作？”为了解决这个问题，本文考虑了两个关键问题，即处理DER数据的隐私性和优化DER操作的可扩展性，然后从多智能体框架的角度调查了现有和新兴的解决方案。在可扩展性的背景下，本文回顾了在分布式和/或分散的信息交换结构中依赖并行控制、优化和学习的最新研究，而在隐私的背景下，它确定了可以综合到上述可扩展结构中的隐私保护措施。尽管这些领域的研究取得了进展，但挑战仍然存在，因为这些高度跨学科的研究混合了来自不同领域的各种可扩展的计算架构和隐私保护技术，使它们难以在实践中适应。为了缓解这一问题，本文从多智能体的角度全面回顾了协调大规模电力系统运行的隐私和可扩展性的趋势策略，特别是对于DER控制问题。此外，本综述推断了未来可扩展、隐私感知和网络安全途径的新方法，通过控制、优化和学习通用的基于多代理的网络物理系统来释放der的全部潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Economic viability and CO2 emissions of hydrogen production for ammonia synthesis: A comparative analysis across Europe 氨合成氢生产的经济可行性和二氧化碳排放：欧洲的比较分析

IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Advances in Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2024.100204

Alessandro Magnino, Paolo Marocco, Massimo Santarelli, Marta Gandiglio

Ammonia production accounts for 15–20% of greenhouse gas emissions from the chemical sector. Traditionally, ammonia is produced via Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) for hydrogen production, coupled with the Haber-Bosch process. This study compares the SMR-based configuration with emerging alternatives based on water electrolysis – Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyser Cell (PEMEC) and Solid Oxide Electrolyser Cell (SOEC) – from both economic and CO₂ emissions perspective. Process models for the three plant layouts are developed, incorporating heat integration between different components. The economic results are presented in terms of the levelised cost of ammonia, which accounts for both capital and operating expenses over the plant's lifetime. Sensitivity analyses on electricity and methane prices are conducted to assess the cost-competitiveness of each technology across various scenarios. The outcomes reveal that the optimal technology is highly dependent on electricity prices. PEMEC systems are the most cost-effective option at very low electricity prices (approximately 0.02 €/kWh_e), while SOEC systems become more competitive as prices rise due to their higher efficiency. Above 0.08 €/kWh_e, SMR emerges as the most viable option. Special attention is given to the CO₂ emissions from both SMR and electrolyser systems, also considering the carbon intensity of the electricity used. While electrolysis is often assumed to be carbon-free, this research shows that electrolysers can produce more emissions than SMR, depending on the electricity carbon intensity: when carbon intensity exceeds about 260 gCO₂/kWh_e, SMR results in lower emissions than the electrolyser-based pathways. Finally, future projections suggest that SOEC technology will become highly cost-competitive by 2030–2040.

合成氨生产占化工行业温室气体排放量的15-20%。传统上，氨是通过蒸汽甲烷重整（SMR）制氢，再加上Haber-Bosch工艺生产的。本研究从经济和二氧化碳排放的角度比较了基于smr的配置与基于水电解的新兴替代方案——质子交换膜电解槽（PEMEC）和固体氧化物电解槽（SOEC）。开发了三种工厂布局的工艺模型，包括不同组件之间的热集成。经济效益体现在氨成本的平稳化方面，这在工厂的生命周期中包括资本和运营费用。对电力和甲烷价格进行敏感性分析，以评估每种技术在各种情况下的成本竞争力。结果表明，最优技术高度依赖于电价。PEMEC系统在非常低的电价（约0.02欧元/千瓦时）下是最具成本效益的选择，而SOEC系统由于其更高的效率，随着电价的上涨，其竞争力将变得更强。在0.08欧元/千瓦时以上，SMR成为最可行的选择。特别关注SMR和电解槽系统的二氧化碳排放，也考虑到所使用的电力的碳强度。虽然电解通常被认为是无碳的，但这项研究表明，根据电力碳强度的不同，电解槽比SMR产生更多的排放：当碳强度超过约260 gCO2/ kwh时，SMR的排放量低于基于电解槽的途径。最后，未来的预测表明，到2030-2040年，SOEC技术将具有高度的成本竞争力。

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引用次数: 0

Spatio-temporal load shifting for truly clean computing 时空负载转移，实现真正的干净计算

IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Advances in Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2024.100202

Iegor Riepin , Tom Brown , Victor M. Zavala

Companies operating datacenters are increasingly committed to procuring renewable energy to reduce their carbon footprint, with a growing emphasis on achieving 24/7 Carbon-Free Energy (CFE) matching—eliminating carbon emissions from electricity use on an hourly basis. However, variability in renewable energy resources poses significant challenges to achieving this goal. This study investigates how shifting computing workloads and associated power loads across time and location supports 24/7 CFE matching. We develop an optimization model to simulate a network of geographically distributed datacenters managed by a company leveraging spatio-temporal load flexibility to achieve 24/7 CFE matching. We isolate three signals relevant for informed use of load flexibility: (1) varying average quality of renewable energy resources, (2) low correlation between wind power generation over long distances due to different weather conditions, and (3) lags in solar radiation peak due to Earth’s rotation. Our analysis reveals that datacenter location and time of year influence which signal drives an effective load-shaping strategy. By leveraging these signals for coordinated energy procurement and load-shifting decisions, clean computing becomes both more resource-efficient and cost-effective—the costs of 24/7 CFE are reduced by 1.29 ± 0.07 €/MWh for every additional percentage of flexible load. This study provides practical guidelines for datacenter companies to harness spatio-temporal load flexibility for clean computing. Our results and the open-source optimization model offer insights applicable to a broader range of industries aiming to eliminate their carbon footprints.

运营数据中心的公司越来越多地致力于采购可再生能源以减少碳足迹，越来越重视实现24/7无碳能源（CFE）匹配，即以小时为基础消除电力使用中的碳排放。然而，可再生能源的可变性对实现这一目标构成了重大挑战。本研究探讨了计算工作负载和相关的电力负载如何跨时间和地点转移以支持24/7 CFE匹配。我们开发了一个优化模型来模拟由一家公司管理的地理分布数据中心网络，利用时空负载灵活性来实现24/7 CFE匹配。我们分离出与负荷灵活性的明智使用相关的三个信号：(1)可再生能源的平均质量变化，(2)由于不同天气条件导致的长距离风力发电之间的低相关性，以及(3)由于地球自转导致的太阳辐射峰值滞后。我们的分析表明，数据中心的位置和一年中的时间会影响信号驱动有效的负载塑造策略。通过利用这些信号来协调能源采购和负载转移决策，清洁计算变得更加节约资源和成本效益-每增加一个百分比的灵活负载，24/7 CFE的成本就会降低1.29±0.07欧元/兆瓦时。本研究为数据中心公司利用时空负载灵活性进行清洁计算提供了实用指南。我们的研究结果和开源优化模型提供了适用于旨在消除碳足迹的更广泛行业的见解。

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引用次数: 0

A dynamic reliability assessment framework for integrated energy systems: A new methodology to address cascading failures 综合能源系统的动态可靠性评估框架：解决级联故障的新方法

IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Advances in Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2024.100203

Lidian Niu , Zeyan Zhao , Jiawei Tan , Tao Liang , Fuzheng Zhang , Ning Xiao , Yi He , Shan Xie , Rui Jing , Jian Lin , Feng Wang , Yingru Zhao

As the energy internet and integrated energy systems develop, the interconnections among different systems increase operational risks, highlighting the need for urgent reliability research. Recent large-scale blackouts, often caused by cascading failures, reveal that current reliability assessments frequently overlook dynamic equipment conditions and the risk of such failures. Traditional model-driven methods for single energy systems are becoming inadequate due to rapid operational changes. To address these challenges, this study proposes a reliability assessment method for integrated energy systems that considers equipment operational states and cascading failures. It introduces an equipment reliability model for simulating cascading failures due to equipment overloads after initial failures. A hybrid data-model driven approach is proposed to improve the efficiency of load reduction calculations. Then the reliability evaluation is realized by combining the analysis of system energy flow state and index calculation. The modified model simulates more failure events than conventional model and the reliability level reflected by the calculated index is lower than that of the conventional model assessment by 25.39 % to 179.13 %. Evaluation time is reduced by 98.10 % while maintaining an average relative error within 6 %. The subsystem reliability level increases by 69.72 % and decreases by 2.25 % depending on the coupling degree. Failures of less than 20 % of all fault types contributed 43.34 % to 69.59 % of the load reduction. In summary, this model effectively simulates cascading failures from changes in operating states and provides a rapid, accurate reflection of system reliability.Based on this method, the reliability influencing factors can be analyzed and the weak link can be identified.

随着能源互联网和综合能源系统的发展，不同系统之间的互连增加了运行风险，因此迫切需要进行可靠性研究。最近的大规模停电通常是由级联故障引起的，这表明目前的可靠性评估经常忽视动态设备条件和此类故障的风险。由于运行方式的快速变化，单一能源系统的传统模型驱动方法已变得不适用。为了应对这些挑战，本研究提出了一种考虑设备运行状态和级联故障的综合能源系统可靠性评估方法。引入了一种设备可靠性模型，用于模拟设备在初始故障后过载引起的级联故障。为了提高负载减少计算的效率，提出了一种混合数据模型驱动的方法。然后结合系统能量流状态分析和指标计算实现可靠性评估。修正后的模型比常规模型模拟了更多的故障事件，计算指标反映的可靠性水平比常规模型评估低25.39% ~ 179.13%。评估时间缩短了98.10%，平均相对误差保持在6%以内。根据耦合程度的不同，子系统的可靠性水平提高了69.72%，降低了2.25%。在所有故障类型中，不足20%的故障贡献了43.34%至69.59%的负荷减少。总之，该模型有效地模拟了运行状态变化引起的级联故障，并提供了快速、准确的系统可靠性反映。基于该方法，可以分析影响可靠性的因素，识别薄弱环节。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of heat pumps and future energy prices on regional inequalities 热泵和未来能源价格对区域不平等的影响

IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Advances in Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2024.100201

Jieyang Xu , Sebastian Mosbach , Jethro Akroyd , Markus Kraft

The adoption of heat pumps to displace the use of gas for domestic heating is a major component of the strategy to reduce emissions in the UK. This study examines the impact of adopting heat pumps on regional inequalities in the UK. An index is used to assess how variations in household fuel costs could affect regional disparities across different future price scenarios. The findings reveal that, at 2019 prices, most households would face higher heating costs with heat pumps. However, following the 2022 energy price shock, heat pump adoption would lead to lower heating costs for most households compared to gas heating. The effect is sensitive to the electricity-to-gas price ratio, with regions experiencing high fuel poverty being most vulnerable to negative impacts. By mapping these geospatial effects, the study enables the forecasting of future inequality trends, providing insights for informed policy development. The results suggest that, under appropriate price structures, heat pump adoption could contribute to both decarbonisation and reduced social inequality. An example mechanism for financial support to mitigate the impact of adopting heat pumps on inequality is demonstrated. This study highlights the novel capability of The World Avatar (TWA) approach to integrate cross-domain data sets, combining energy policy with social equity goals. By forecasting future inequality trends based on energy price scenarios, the study provides a route to valuable insights to support informed policy development, highlighting how the adoption of heat pumps can influence regional inequalities and emphasising the need for targeted interventions to support vulnerable regions.

采用热泵取代燃气用于家庭供暖是英国减少排放战略的主要组成部分。本研究考察了采用热泵对英国地区不平等的影响。使用一个指数来评估家庭燃料成本的变化如何影响未来不同价格情景下的地区差异。调查结果显示，以2019年的价格计算，大多数家庭将面临更高的热泵供暖成本。然而，在2022年能源价格冲击之后，与燃气供暖相比，热泵的采用将使大多数家庭的供暖成本降低。这种影响对电力与天然气的价格比很敏感，燃料高度贫困的地区最容易受到负面影响。通过绘制这些地理空间效应，该研究能够预测未来的不平等趋势，为明智的政策制定提供见解。结果表明，在适当的价格结构下，采用热泵可以有助于脱碳和减少社会不平等。一个财政支持机制的例子，以减轻采用热泵对不平等的影响。本研究强调了世界化身（TWA）方法整合跨领域数据集的新能力，将能源政策与社会公平目标结合起来。通过基于能源价格情景预测未来不平等趋势，该研究为支持知情政策制定提供了有价值的见解，强调了热泵的采用如何影响区域不平等，并强调了有针对性的干预措施以支持脆弱地区的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of hydrogen on decarbonisation and resilience in integrated energy systems 氢对综合能源系统脱碳和恢复力的影响

IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Advances in Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2024.100200

Hossein Ameli , Danny Pudjianto , Goran Strbac , Nigel P. Brandon

The lack of clarity and uncertainty about hydrogen's role, demand, applications, and economics has been a barrier to the development of the hydrogen economy. In this paper, an optimisation model for the integrated planning and operation of hydrogen and electricity systems is presented to identify the role of hydrogen technologies and linepack in decarbonising energy systems, improving system flexibility, and enhancing energy system security and resilience against extreme weather events. The studies are conducted on Great Britain's (GB) 2050 net-zero electricity and gas transmission systems to analyse the hydrogen transport and capacity requirements within the existing infrastructure under different scenarios. This includes sensitivities on the level of flexibility, high gas prices, hydrogen production mixes, enabled reversibility of electrolysers, electricity generation cost, and hydrogen storage facilities. In all sensitivity scenarios, efficient hydrogen transport within the existing infrastructure is enabled by the optimal allocation of green and blue hydrogen sources, distributed storage facilities, and the intra-day flexibility provided by linepack. The findings highlight that increased renewable deployment transfers intermittency to the hydrogen network, requiring greater linepack flexibility compared to the current paradigm (up to 83%). Furthermore, the necessity of synergy between different gas and electricity systems components in providing flexibility, security, and resilience is quantified.

氢的作用、需求、应用和经济性缺乏明确性和不确定性一直是氢经济发展的障碍。本文提出了氢和电力系统综合规划和运行的优化模型，以确定氢技术和线路包在能源系统脱碳、提高系统灵活性、增强能源系统安全性和抵御极端天气事件的能力方面的作用。这些研究是在英国2050年净零电力和天然气传输系统上进行的，以分析不同情景下现有基础设施内的氢气运输和容量需求。这包括灵活性水平的敏感性、高天然气价格、制氢混合、电解槽的可逆性、发电成本和储氢设施。在所有敏感的情况下，现有基础设施内的高效氢运输是通过绿色和蓝色氢源的最佳分配、分布式存储设施以及线路包提供的日间灵活性来实现的。研究结果强调，可再生能源部署的增加将间歇性地转移到氢气网络，与目前的范例（高达83%）相比，需要更大的线路包灵活性。此外，还量化了不同燃气和电力系统组件在提供灵活性、安全性和弹性方面协同作用的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating material recycling and remanufacturing in energy system optimization modeling: A review and showcase 将材料回收和再制造纳入能源系统优化建模：回顾与展示

IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Advances in Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2024.100198

Sebastian Zwickl-Bernhard

This paper addresses the currently overlooked yet urgent topic of material recycling and remanufacturing in energy system optimization modeling, making three substantial contributions. First, it presents a comprehensive review of relevant studies on material demand, flows, and recycling from a techno-economic perspective and highlights the critical gap in existing energy system optimization models, in which material recycling and remanufacturing is not yet adequately integrated. Second, the paper introduces a general mathematical framework for incorporating material recycling and remanufacturing as a technology and investment option into typical energy system optimization models. Third, the paper demonstrates the practical application of this framework by examining the material recycling potential within the solar module expansion plan of the European Union. It explores the main drivers under which material recycling becomes economically competitive, considering various global and regional solar market conditions. Specifically, it investigates how different energy policies — such as incentivizing European Union manufacturing, limiting import shares, and implementing a circular economy constraint — affect the optimal remanufacturing capacities and achievable shares of recycling-based additions to meet the expansion targets until 2050.

本文探讨了能源系统优化建模中目前被忽视但又亟待解决的材料回收和再制造问题，并做出了三项重大贡献。首先，本文从技术经济学的角度全面回顾了材料需求、流动和回收利用方面的相关研究，并强调了现有能源系统优化模型中存在的关键差距，即材料回收和再制造尚未被充分纳入其中。其次，本文介绍了一个通用数学框架，用于将材料回收和再制造作为一种技术和投资选择纳入典型的能源系统优化模型。第三，本文通过研究欧盟太阳能模块扩张计划中的材料回收潜力，展示了这一框架的实际应用。考虑到全球和地区太阳能市场的各种情况，本文探讨了材料回收利用在经济上具有竞争力的主要驱动因素。具体而言，它研究了不同的能源政策--如激励欧盟制造业、限制进口份额和实施循环经济约束--如何影响最佳再制造能力和可实现的基于回收的新增份额，以满足 2050 年前的扩张目标。

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引用次数: 0

Scalable spectrally selective solar cell for highly efficient photovoltaic thermal conversion 用于高效光电热转换的可扩展光谱选择性太阳能电池

IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Advances in Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2024.100199

Ken Chen , Kongfu Hu , Hu Li , Siyan Chan , Junjie Chen , Yu Pei , Bin Zhao , Gang Pei

Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) hybrid technology offers significant potential for carbon neutrality by simultaneously converting photons into electricity and heat simultaneously. However, the mismatch between PV/T output temperature and the temperature demand across a wide range of scenarios limits its practical uses. Traditional PV cells have high infrared emissivity, resulting in significant heat losses and seriously significantly hindering the development of PV/T systems. Spectrally selective solar cells characterized by high solar absorption, low thermal emission, and photoelectric conversion process, have yet to be realized thus far. In this study, we propose an integrated design and develop a scalable industrial approach for fabricating meter-scale spectrally selective solar cell with a high solar absorptivity of 92.3 % and a low infrared emissivity of 20.3 %, achieving the highest absorption-emission ratio of measured 4.6 experimentally. The primary novelty of the design lies in integrating the PV cell electrode atop and low-emissivity layer into one eliminating the need for rare metals and reducing complexity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the spectrally selective PV/T significantly increases the overall solar efficiency from 13.7 % to 82.5 % and reduces the heat loss coefficient to 3.55 W/(m^2.K). The validated model accurately captures the high photovoltaic thermal efficiency, enabling new technological advancements.

光伏/热能（PV/T）混合技术通过同时将光子转化为电能和热能，为实现碳中和提供了巨大潜力。然而，光伏/热混合技术的输出温度与各种情况下的温度需求不匹配，限制了其实际应用。传统的光伏电池具有较高的红外发射率，导致大量的热损失，严重阻碍了光伏/发电系统的发展。光谱选择性太阳能电池具有高太阳吸收率、低热发射率和光电转换过程的特点，但迄今为止尚未实现。在本研究中，我们提出了一种集成设计，并开发了一种可扩展的工业方法，用于制造米级光谱选择性太阳能电池，该电池具有 92.3 % 的高太阳吸收率和 20.3 % 的低红外发射率，实验测得的最高吸收发射比为 4.6。该设计的主要创新之处在于将光伏电池电极和低发射率层合二为一，从而无需使用稀有金属并降低了复杂性。此外，我们还证明了光谱选择性 PV/T 可将整体太阳能效率从 13.7% 显著提高到 82.5%，并将热损失系数降低到 3.55 W/(m2.K)。经过验证的模型准确捕捉到了光伏的高热效率，实现了新的技术进步。

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引用次数: 0

Digitalization of urban multi-energy systems – Advances in digital twin applications across life-cycle phases 城市多能源系统的数字化--数字孪生在生命周期各阶段的应用进展

IF 13 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Advances in Applied Energy

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2024.100196

B. Koirala , H. Cai , F. Khayatian , E. Munoz , J.G. An , R. Mutschler , M. Sulzer , C. De Wolf , K. Orehounig

Urban multi-energy systems (UMES) incorporating distributed energy resources are vital to future low-carbon energy systems. These systems demand complex solutions, including increased integration of renewables, improved efficiency through electrification, and exploitation of synergies via sector coupling across multiple sectors and infrastructures. Digitalization and the Internet of Things bring new opportunities for the design-build-operate workflow of the cyber-physical urban multi-energy systems. In this context, digital twins are expected to play a crucial role in managing the intricate integration of assets, systems, and actors within urban multi-energy systems. This review explores digital twin opportunities for urban multi-energy systems by first considering the challenges of urban multi energy systems. It then reviews recent advancements in digital twin architectures, energy system data categories, semantic ontologies, and data management solutions, addressing the growing data demands and modelling complexities. Digital twins provide an objective and comprehensive information base covering the entire design, operation, decommissioning, and reuse lifecycle phases, enhancing collaborative decision-making among stakeholders. This review also highlights that future research should focus on scaling digital twins to manage the complexities of urban environments. A key challenge remains in identifying standardized ontologies for seamless data exchange and interoperability between energy systems and sectors. As the technology matures, future research is required to explore the socio-economic and regulatory implications of digital twins, ensuring that the transition to smart energy systems is both technologically sound and socially equitable. The paper concludes by making a series of recommendations on how digital twins could be implemented for urban multi energy systems.

包含分布式能源资源的城市多能源系统（UMES）对未来的低碳能源系统至关重要。这些系统需要复杂的解决方案，包括增加可再生能源的集成度、通过电气化提高效率，以及通过多个部门和基础设施之间的部门耦合利用协同效应。数字化和物联网为网络-物理城市多能源系统的设计-建造-运行工作流程带来了新的机遇。在此背景下，数字孪生有望在管理城市多能源系统中资产、系统和参与者的复杂集成方面发挥关键作用。本综述首先探讨了城市多能源系统所面临的挑战，从而探讨了城市多能源系统的数字孪生机遇。然后回顾数字孪生架构、能源系统数据类别、语义本体和数据管理解决方案的最新进展，以应对日益增长的数据需求和建模复杂性。数字孪生提供了一个客观、全面的信息库，涵盖了整个设计、运行、退役和再利用生命周期的各个阶段，加强了利益相关者之间的协同决策。本综述还强调，未来的研究应侧重于扩大数字孪生的规模，以管理城市环境的复杂性。一个关键的挑战仍然是确定标准化的本体，以实现能源系统和部门之间的无缝数据交换和互操作性。随着技术的成熟，未来的研究需要探索数字孪生的社会经济和监管影响，确保向智能能源系统的过渡在技术上是合理的，在社会上是公平的。本文最后就如何在城市多能源系统中实施数字孪生提出了一系列建议。

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