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Designing climate resilient energy systems in complex urban areas considering urban morphology: A technical review 考虑城市形态的复杂城市地区气候弹性能源系统设计:技术综述
Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2023.100155
Kavan Javanroodi , A.T.D. Perera , Tianzhen Hong , Vahid M Nik

The urban energy infrastructure is facing a rising number of challenges due to climate change and rapid urbanization. In particular, the link between urban morphology and energy systems has become increasingly crucial as cities continue to expand and become more densely populated. Achieving climate neutrality adds another layer of complexity, highlighting the need to address this relationship to develop effective strategies for sustainable urban energy infrastructure. The occurrence of extreme climate events can also trigger cascading failures in the system components, leading to long-lasting blackouts. This review paper thoroughly explores the challenges of incorporating urban morphology into energy system models through a comprehensive literature review and proposes a new framework to enhance the resilience of interconnected systems. The review emphasizes the need for integrated models to provide deeper insights into urban energy systems design and operation and addresses the cascading failures, interconnectivity, and compound impacts of climate change and urbanization on energy systems. It also explores emerging challenges and opportunities, including the requirement for high-quality data, utilization of big data, and integration of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning in urban energy systems. The proposed framework integrates urban morphology classification, mesoscale and microscale climate data, and a design and operation process to consider the influence of urban morphology, climate variability, and extreme events. Given the prevalence of extreme climate events and the need for climate-resilient strategies, the study underscores the significance of improving energy system models to accommodate future climate variations while recognizing the interconnectivity within urban infrastructure.

由于气候变化和快速城市化,城市能源基础设施正面临越来越多的挑战。特别是,随着城市的不断扩张和人口密度的增加,城市形态和能源系统之间的联系变得越来越重要。实现气候中和增加了另一层复杂性,凸显了解决这种关系的必要性,以制定可持续城市能源基础设施的有效战略。极端气候事件的发生也可能引发系统组件的级联故障,导致长期停电。本文通过全面的文献综述,深入探讨了将城市形态纳入能源系统模型的挑战,并提出了一个新的框架来增强互联系统的弹性。该审查强调,需要综合模型来深入了解城市能源系统的设计和运行,并解决气候变化和城市化对能源系统的连锁故障、互联性和复合影响。它还探讨了新出现的挑战和机遇,包括对高质量数据的需求、大数据的利用以及人工智能和机器学习等先进技术在城市能源系统中的集成。所提出的框架整合了城市形态分类、中尺度和微尺度气候数据,以及考虑城市形态、气候变化和极端事件影响的设计和操作过程。鉴于极端气候事件的普遍性和应对气候变化战略的必要性,该研究强调了改进能源系统模型以适应未来气候变化的重要性,同时认识到城市基础设施内部的相互联系。
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引用次数: 1
Experimental research and multi-physical modeling progress of Zinc-Nickel single flow battery: A critical review 锌镍单液流电池的实验研究及多物理建模进展综述
Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2023.100154
Xinyu Huang , Rui Zhou , Xilian Luo , Xiaohu Yang , Jie Cheng , Jinyue Yan

Electrochemical energy storage technologies hold great significance in the progression of renewable energy. Within this specific field, flow batteries have emerged as a crucial component, with Zinc–Nickel single flow batteries attracting attention due to their cost-effectiveness, safety, stability, and high energy density. This comprehensive review aims to thoroughly evaluate the key concerns and obstacles associated with this type of battery, including polarization loss, hydrogen evolution reaction, and dendrite growth, among others. Additionally, the study highlights ongoing research endeavors focused on addressing these concerns, such as optimizing battery operating conditions and developing new electrodes. Furthermore, recent advancements in experimental processes and multi-scale numerical simulations of Zinc–Nickel single flow batteries, facilitated by the visual literature analysis software VOSviewer, are also explored. The primary objective of this review is to acquire a comprehensive understanding of the electrochemical reaction and internal mass transfer mechanism of Zinc–Nickel single flow batteries, while also anticipating future research directions and prospects.

电化学储能技术在可再生能源发展中具有重要意义。在这一特定领域,液流电池已成为一个关键组件,锌镍单液流电池因其成本效益、安全性、稳定性和高能量密度而备受关注。这篇全面的综述旨在彻底评估与此类电池相关的关键问题和障碍,包括极化损耗、析氢反应和枝晶生长等。此外,该研究强调了正在进行的专注于解决这些问题的研究工作,例如优化电池运行条件和开发新电极。此外,还探讨了视觉文献分析软件VOSviewer在锌镍单流电池实验过程和多尺度数值模拟方面的最新进展。本综述的主要目的是全面了解锌镍单流电池的电化学反应和内部传质机理,同时展望未来的研究方向和前景。
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引用次数: 1
Decarbonizing integrated chlor-alkali and vinyl chloride monomer production: Reducing the cost with industrial flexibility 脱碳一体化氯碱、氯乙烯单体生产:降低成本,具有工业灵活性
Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2023.100152
Sverre Stefanussen Foslie , Julian Straus , Brage Rugstad Knudsen , Magnus Korpås

Industrial demand response will become increasingly important in power grids with high shares of variable renewables, yet the existing knowledge on how the industrial electricity demand and flexibility will change with the decarbonization of chemical processes is limited. Here we develop a mixed-integer linear optimization model, which we use to compare the cost and flexibility of the most relevant decarbonization options for the combined chlor-alkali electrolysis (CAE) and vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) production process. We combine product and energy storage to enable the full flexibility potential of the decarbonized process. Our results show that flexible operation of the CAE process is deemed technically possible but limited by internal process dependencies due to decarbonization of the VCM production. Combining energy and product storage for demand response enables up to 4% operational cost reduction by shifting loads during peak price hours. High overcapacity of PEM electrolyzers is required to release the full flexibility potential in the hydrogen based decarbonization option, while the less flexible direct electrification option shows a potential for OPEX reduction. Full decarbonization of the combined CAE and VCM process without increasing operational cost significantly appears difficult. Our study emphasizes demand response through product and energy storages as a viable pathway for minimizing the added cost, and also enables a significant reduction of electric demand in high-price hours.

在可变可再生能源比例较高的电网中,工业需求响应将变得越来越重要,但关于工业电力需求和灵活性将如何随着化学过程脱碳而变化的现有知识有限。在此,我们开发了一个混合整数线性优化模型,用于比较氯-碱联合电解(CAE)和氯乙烯单体(VCM)生产过程中最相关脱碳方案的成本和灵活性。我们将产品和储能相结合,以充分发挥脱碳过程的灵活性潜力。我们的研究结果表明,CAE工艺的灵活操作在技术上是可行的,但由于VCM生产脱碳,内部工艺依赖性受到限制。将能源和产品存储相结合以满足需求,通过在高峰价格时段转移负载,可将运营成本降低4%。PEM电解槽的高产能需要释放氢脱碳方案的全部灵活性潜力,而灵活性较低的直接通电方案显示出降低运营成本的潜力。在不显著增加运营成本的情况下,CAE和VCM联合工艺的完全脱碳似乎很困难。我们的研究强调,通过产品和储能来响应需求,这是一种将增加的成本降至最低的可行途径,也有助于在高价时段大幅减少电力需求。
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引用次数: 0
Official announcement: Advances in Applied Energy included in the ESCI 官方公告:应用能源进展纳入ESCI
Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2023.100153
Jinyue Yan
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引用次数: 0
Identifying generalizable equilibrium pricing strategies for charging service providers in coupled power and transportation networks 电力和交通耦合网络中收费服务提供商的一般均衡定价策略
Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2023.100151
Yujian Ye , Hongru Wang , Tianxiang Cui , Xiaoying Yang , Shaofu Yang , Min-Ling Zhang

Transportation electrification, involving large-scale integration of electric vehicles (EV) and fast charging stations (FCS), plays a critical role for global energy transition and decarbonization. In this context, coordination of EV routing and charging activities through suitably designed price signals constitutes an imperative step in secure and economic operation of the coupled power-transportation networks (CPTN). This work examines the non-cooperative pricing competition between self-interested EV charging service providers (CSP), taken into account the complex interactions between CSPs' pricing strategies, EV users' decisions and the operation of CPTN. The modeling of CPTN environment captures the prominent type of uncertainties stemming from the gasoline vehicle and EV origin-destination travel demands and their cost elasticity, EV initial state-of-charge and renewable energy sources (RES). An enhanced multi-agent proximal policy optimization method is developed to solve the pricing game, which incorporates an attention mechanism to selectively incorporate agents' representative information to mitigate the environmental non-stationarity without raising dimensionality challenge, while safeguarding the commercial confidentiality of CSP agents. To foster more efficient learning coordination in the highly uncertain CPTN environment, a sequential update scheme is also developed to achieve monotonic policy improvement for CSP agents. Case studies on an illustrative and a large-scale test system reveal that the proposed method facilitates sufficient competition among CSP agents and corroborates the core benefits in terms of reduced charging costs for EV users, enhancement of RES absorption and cost efficiency of the power distribution network. Results also validate the excellent generalization capability of the proposed method in coping with CPTN uncertainties. Finally, the rationale of the proposed attention mechanism is validated and the superior computational performance is highlighted against the state-of-the-art methods.

交通电气化涉及电动汽车(EV)和快速充电站(FCS)的大规模集成,在全球能源转型和脱碳中发挥着关键作用。在这种情况下,通过适当设计的价格信号来协调电动汽车的路线和充电活动,构成了耦合电力运输网络(CPTN)安全经济运行的必要步骤。这项工作考察了自利的电动汽车充电服务提供商(CSP)之间的非合作定价竞争,考虑到CSP的定价策略、电动汽车用户的决策和CPTN运营之间的复杂互动。CPTN环境的建模捕捉到了汽油车和电动汽车出发地-目的地旅行需求及其成本弹性、电动汽车初始充电状态和可再生能源(RES)产生的突出类型的不确定性。开发了一种改进的多智能体近端策略优化方法来解决定价博弈,该方法结合了一种注意力机制,选择性地结合智能体的代表信息,在不增加维度挑战的情况下缓解环境非平稳性,同时保护CSP智能体的商业机密性。为了在高度不确定的CPTN环境中培养更有效的学习协调,还开发了一种顺序更新方案来实现CSP代理的单调策略改进。对一个示例性和大规模测试系统的案例研究表明,所提出的方法有助于CSP代理商之间的充分竞争,并证实了在降低电动汽车用户充电成本、提高可再生能源吸收和配电网成本效率方面的核心利益。结果也验证了所提出的方法在处理CPTN不确定性方面具有良好的泛化能力。最后,验证了所提出的注意机制的基本原理,并强调了与最先进的方法相比优越的计算性能。
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引用次数: 0
Power to heat: Opportunity of flexibility services provided by building energy systems Power to Heat:建筑能源系统提供灵活服务的机会
Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2023.100149
Zhengguang Liu , Yuntian Chen , Xiaohu Yang , Jinyue Yan

Buildings play a crucial role in global electricity consumption, but their function is evolving. Rather than merely consuming energy, buildings have the potential to become energy producers through participating in flexibility services, which involve demand response and distributed energy supplies. However, the new technological and societal challenges that arise from temporal and spatial changes on both supply and demand sides make building services increasingly complex. This paper presents an opportunity for flexibility services offered by building energy systems via power-to-heat technology and discusses four key aspects: quantitative indicators based on thermal inertia, model predictive control for building flexibility, flexible system optimization for smart buildings, and applications of flexible services. Thermal inertia is a crucial factor that transcends technical constraints and serves as a bridge between the demand and supply sides. Demand-side response and data-driven cogeneration under model predictive control are essential for managing building flexibility. In addition, flexible system optimization is achieved through the combination of demand-side trading and disturbed system optimization. Applications of flexible services represent a combination of demand-side trading and disturbed system optimization in the fields of engineering and sociology. Finally, the paper explores the challenges, as well as the potential and models of building flexibility services technologies, including features that can facilitate automated operational decision-making on both the demand and supply sides.

建筑在全球电力消耗中扮演着至关重要的角色,但它们的功能也在不断发展。建筑物不仅消耗能源,而且通过参与灵活性服务(包括需求响应和分布式能源供应),有可能成为能源生产者。然而,供需双方的时间和空间变化带来的新技术和社会挑战使建筑服务变得越来越复杂。本文提出了建筑能源系统通过电到热技术提供灵活性服务的机会,并讨论了四个关键方面:基于热惯性的定量指标,建筑灵活性的模型预测控制,智能建筑的灵活系统优化,以及灵活服务的应用。热惯性是一个超越技术限制的关键因素,是供需双方之间的桥梁。需求侧响应和模型预测控制下的数据驱动热电联产对于管理建筑灵活性至关重要。另外,通过需求侧交易与扰动系统优化相结合实现柔性系统优化。柔性服务的应用体现了需求侧交易和扰动系统优化在工程和社会学领域的结合。最后,本文探讨了构建灵活性服务技术的挑战、潜力和模式,包括可以促进需求和供应双方自动化操作决策的功能。
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引用次数: 2
Low-carbon lithium extraction makes deep geothermal plants cost-competitive in future energy systems 低碳锂提取使深层地热发电厂在未来的能源系统中具有成本竞争力
Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2023.100148
Jann Michael Weinand , Ganga Vandenberg , Stanley Risch , Johannes Behrens , Noah Pflugradt , Jochen Linßen , Detlef Stolten

Lithium is a critical material for the energy transition, but conventional procurement methods have significant environmental impacts. In this study, we utilize regional energy system optimizations to investigate the techno-economic potential of the low-carbon alternative of direct lithium extraction in deep geothermal plants. We show that geothermal plants will become cost-competitive in conjunction with lithium extraction, even under unfavorable conditions and partially displace photovoltaics, wind power, and storage from future renewable energy systems. Our analysis indicates that the deployment of 33 deep geothermal plants in municipalities in the Upper Rhine Graben area in Germany could provide enough lithium to produce about 1.2 million electric vehicle battery packs per year, equivalent to 70% of today`s annual electric vehicle registrations in the European Union. As this number represents only a small fraction of the techno-economic potential in Germany, this lithium extraction process could offer significant environmental benefits. High potential for mass application also exists in other countries, such as the United States, United Kingdom, France, and Italy, highlighting the importance of further research and development of this technology.

锂是能源转型的关键材料,但传统的采购方法会对环境产生重大影响。在这项研究中,我们利用区域能源系统优化来研究深层地热发电厂直接提取锂的低碳替代方案的技术经济潜力。我们表明,即使在不利的条件下,地热发电厂也将与锂提取相结合,具有成本竞争力,并部分取代未来可再生能源系统中的光伏发电、风力发电和储能。我们的分析表明,在德国上莱茵地槽地区的市政当局部署33个深层地热发电厂,每年可以提供足够的锂来生产约120万个电动汽车电池组,相当于目前欧盟电动汽车年注册量的70%。由于这个数字只代表了德国技术经济潜力的一小部分,这种锂提取工艺可以提供显着的环境效益。在美国、英国、法国和意大利等其他国家也存在大规模应用的巨大潜力,这突出了进一步研究和开发该技术的重要性。
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引用次数: 3
Advances in solar forecasting: Computer vision with deep learning 太阳预报的进展:具有深度学习的计算机视觉
Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2023.100150
Quentin Paletta , Guillermo Terrén-Serrano , Yuhao Nie , Binghui Li , Jacob Bieker , Wenqi Zhang , Laurent Dubus , Soumyabrata Dev , Cong Feng

Renewable energy forecasting is crucial for integrating variable energy sources into the grid. It allows power systems to address the intermittency of the energy supply at different spatiotemporal scales. To anticipate the future impact of cloud displacements on the energy generated by solar facilities, conventional modeling methods rely on numerical weather prediction or physical models, which have difficulties in assimilating cloud information and learning systematic biases. Augmenting computer vision with machine learning overcomes some of these limitations by fusing real-time cloud cover observations with surface measurements acquired from multiple sources. This Review summarizes recent progress in solar forecasting from multisensor Earth observations with a focus on deep learning, which provides the necessary theoretical framework to develop architectures capable of extracting relevant information from data generated by ground-level sky cameras, satellites, weather stations, and sensor networks. Overall, machine learning has the potential to significantly improve the accuracy and robustness of solar energy meteorology; however, more research is necessary to realize this potential and address its limitations.

可再生能源预测是将可变能源纳入电网的关键。它允许电力系统在不同的时空尺度上解决能源供应的间歇性问题。为了预测云位移对太阳能设施产生的能量的未来影响,传统的建模方法依赖于数值天气预报或物理模型,这在吸收云信息和学习系统偏差方面存在困难。利用机器学习增强计算机视觉,通过将实时云层观测与从多个来源获得的地面测量数据融合在一起,克服了其中的一些限制。本文总结了基于多传感器地球观测的太阳预报的最新进展,重点是深度学习,这为开发能够从地面天空摄像机、卫星、气象站和传感器网络生成的数据中提取相关信息的体系结构提供了必要的理论框架。总的来说,机器学习有可能显著提高太阳能气象的准确性和鲁棒性;然而,需要更多的研究来实现这一潜力并解决其局限性。
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引用次数: 1
Towards a safer lithium-ion batteries: A critical review on cause, characteristics, warning and disposal strategy for thermal runaway 迈向更安全的锂离子电池:热失控的原因、特征、警告和处理策略综述
Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2023.100146
Yu Yang , Renjie Wang , Zhaojie Shen , Quanqing Yu , Rui Xiong , Weixiang Shen

Lithium-ion batteries have become the best choice for battery energy storage systems and electric vehicles due to their excellent electrical performances and important contributions to achieving the carbon-neutral goal. With the large-scale application, safety accidents are increasingly caused by lithium-ion batteries. As the core component for battery energy storage systems and electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries account for about 60% of vehicular failures and have the characteristics of the rapid spread of failure, short escape time, and easy initiation of fires, so the safety improvement of lithium-ion batteries is urgent. This study analyses the causes and mechanisms of lithium-ion batteries failures from design, production, and application, investigates its failure features and warning algorithms for thermal runaway, and the concept of long-medium-short graded warning is proposed based on the battery failure mechanism and its evolution to provide a basis for failure warning. As lithium-ion batteries fires are difficult to completely avoid, the characteristics of lithium-ion batteries fires are explored to improve battery structure and develop fire extinguishing agents and methods for fire prevention and suppression. Improving the safety of batteries is a systematic project, and at a time when there has been no breakthrough in the chemical system, improvements, such as build a practical graded warning system, are needed in all aspects of design, production, use and disposal to improve battery safety and minimize the risk of failure.

锂离子电池因其优异的电性能和对实现碳中和目标的重要贡献,已成为电池储能系统和电动汽车的最佳选择。随着锂离子电池的大规模应用,锂离子电池引发的安全事故也越来越多。锂离子电池作为电池储能系统和电动汽车的核心部件,约占车辆故障的60%,具有故障扩散快、逃逸时间短、易引发火灾等特点,因此锂离子电池的安全性提升迫在眉睫。本研究从设计、生产、应用等方面分析了锂离子电池失效的原因和机理,研究了锂离子电池的失效特征和热失控预警算法,并基于电池失效机理及其演变提出了中长期-短期分级预警的概念,为失效预警提供依据。由于锂离子电池火灾难以完全避免,因此探索锂离子电池火灾的特点,改进电池结构,开发灭火剂和防火灭火方法。提高电池的安全性是一项系统工程,在化学系统还没有突破的情况下,需要在设计、生产、使用和处置的各个环节进行改进,比如建立一个实用的分级预警系统,以提高电池的安全性,将故障风险降到最低。
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引用次数: 5
Global transition of operational carbon in residential buildings since the millennium 千年以来全球住宅建筑运营碳的转变
Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.adapen.2023.100145
Xiwang Xiang , Nan Zhou , Minda Ma , Wei Feng , Ran Yan

The residential sector is the third-largest energy consumer and emitter globally and as such is at the forefront of the energy transition and net-zero emissions pathway. To accelerate the pace of decarbonization of residential buildings, this study is the first to present a bottom-up assessment framework integrated with the decomposing structural decomposition method to evaluate the emission patterns and decarbonization process of residential building operations in 56 countries spanning 12 regions worldwide from 2000 to 2020. The results show that (1) the operational carbon intensity of global residential buildings has maintained an annual decline of 1.2% over the past two decades, and energy intensity and average household size have been key to this decarbonization; (2) end uses have held an increasingly important role in decarbonizing global residential buildings (-46.3 kgs of carbon dioxide per household per year), with the largest contributors being appliances(38.3%), followed by space heating (21.2%) and lighting (12.6%); and (3) although the total decarbonization of global residential buildings was 7.1 gigatons of carbon dioxide and achieved a decarbonization efficiency of 9.4% per yr during this time period, regional decarbonization inequality and uneven distribution remained quite large, especially in emerging economy regions. Moreover, the uncertainty and robustness of the assessment framework are also tested, and adaptive high decarbonization strategies are further proposed for global residential buildings. Overall, this study reviews and compares global and regional performances and motivations for decarbonization to support national decarbonization efforts to reach net-zero emissions and advance the global residential building sector toward a carbon-free century.

住宅部门是全球第三大能源消费和排放部门,因此处于能源转型和净零排放途径的前沿。为了加快住宅建筑的脱碳步伐,本研究首次提出了一个自下而上的评估框架,结合分解结构分解方法,对2000 - 2020年全球12个地区56个国家的住宅建筑运营的排放模式和脱碳过程进行了评估。结果表明:(1)近20年来,全球住宅建筑的运行碳强度保持了每年1.2%的下降趋势,能源强度和平均家庭规模是实现这一目标的关键;(2)终端用途在全球住宅建筑脱碳中发挥着越来越重要的作用(每户每年减少46.3公斤二氧化碳),其中最大的贡献者是家电(38.3%),其次是空间供暖(21.2%)和照明(12.6%);③在此期间,尽管全球住宅建筑脱碳总量为71亿吨二氧化碳,脱碳效率为9.4% /年,但区域间的脱碳不平等和分布不均仍然较大,尤其是在新兴经济体地区。此外,还对评估框架的不确定性和鲁棒性进行了测试,并进一步针对全球住宅建筑提出了适应性高脱碳策略。总体而言,本研究回顾并比较了全球和区域的脱碳表现和动机,以支持各国实现净零排放的脱碳努力,并推动全球住宅建筑行业迈向无碳世纪。
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引用次数: 25
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