Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488421
G. Schuh, J. Prote, S. Dany, Pia Walendzik
Start-ups face the challenge to develop their product or service at the same time as they seek to build their organizational structure and processes. Existing approaches to organizational design focus on the redesign of established structures of a company. Therefore, a prerequisite for the application of existing approaches are structures and mature processes, which makes them inapplicable in a start-up context. One of the key challenges is the right time to redesign. In this paper, we present an approach to systematically identify the need for adaption of the organizational structure based on characteristic indicators, which are resources, organizational structure and process organization.
{"title":"Organizational design for producing start-ups","authors":"G. Schuh, J. Prote, S. Dany, Pia Walendzik","doi":"10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488421","url":null,"abstract":"Start-ups face the challenge to develop their product or service at the same time as they seek to build their organizational structure and processes. Existing approaches to organizational design focus on the redesign of established structures of a company. Therefore, a prerequisite for the application of existing approaches are structures and mature processes, which makes them inapplicable in a start-up context. One of the key challenges is the right time to redesign. In this paper, we present an approach to systematically identify the need for adaption of the organizational structure based on characteristic indicators, which are resources, organizational structure and process organization.","PeriodicalId":346867,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON)","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121063168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488416
Eduardo Ahumada-Tello, M. Castañón-Puga, R. Evans, C. Gaxiola-Pacheco
In modern times, Knowledge Management (KM) is seen to be a key instrument in developing organizational competitiveness, especially in the context of dynamic organizations, such as knowledge-based firms. In this paper, we assume that firms are capable of developing dynamic functionality through their own initiative; this means that they are able to change and adapt, becoming agile to their surrounding environment. We propose that an approach from complexity theory may explain the phenomena that arises in an organization as it faces turbulent environments for competence. We introduce the importance of complexity approaches to knowledge management. The key questions addressed in this paper are: (1) How is KM managed through complexity theory, ensuring competitiveness is increased? and (2) How does the approach to complexity theory increase the understanding of competitiveness? This research analyses KM tools to implement management systems, based on knowledge and complexity theory. Although competitiveness is perceived as vital for organizations, the approximation of knowledge and complex theory are not yet fully developed and integrated into organizational processes to increase it.
{"title":"Contributions of Knowledge Management to Firm Competitiveness from a Complexity Approach","authors":"Eduardo Ahumada-Tello, M. Castañón-Puga, R. Evans, C. Gaxiola-Pacheco","doi":"10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488416","url":null,"abstract":"In modern times, Knowledge Management (KM) is seen to be a key instrument in developing organizational competitiveness, especially in the context of dynamic organizations, such as knowledge-based firms. In this paper, we assume that firms are capable of developing dynamic functionality through their own initiative; this means that they are able to change and adapt, becoming agile to their surrounding environment. We propose that an approach from complexity theory may explain the phenomena that arises in an organization as it faces turbulent environments for competence. We introduce the importance of complexity approaches to knowledge management. The key questions addressed in this paper are: (1) How is KM managed through complexity theory, ensuring competitiveness is increased? and (2) How does the approach to complexity theory increase the understanding of competitiveness? This research analyses KM tools to implement management systems, based on knowledge and complexity theory. Although competitiveness is perceived as vital for organizations, the approximation of knowledge and complex theory are not yet fully developed and integrated into organizational processes to increase it.","PeriodicalId":346867,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130600079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488410
C. Peckham
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) can cause stress to organizations and many transactions fail to meet their objectives. Several areas need to be considered during M&A transactions and if these areas are not fully understood, the expected value of the transaction may not be realized. This paper highlights how different areas to watch during a transaction are important to the overall success of the event. These areas include culture, institutional knowledge, experience of the management team, leadership, human resources, overall process, and existing systems which can each impact the success of the transaction. The combining of different organizations can be difficult based on their culture which guides how they interact with employees, customers, vendors, stakeholders, and others. Ambiguities need to be addressed as quickly as they can so that a solid transition plan can be developed, communicated, and implemented. Finally, the systems deployed to help manage the new organization can also impact the success of the transaction. The necessary steps across all of the discussed areas need to be understood and properly executed to obtain the desired value of the transaction.
{"title":"Areas to Watch During a M&A Transaction","authors":"C. Peckham","doi":"10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488410","url":null,"abstract":"Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) can cause stress to organizations and many transactions fail to meet their objectives. Several areas need to be considered during M&A transactions and if these areas are not fully understood, the expected value of the transaction may not be realized. This paper highlights how different areas to watch during a transaction are important to the overall success of the event. These areas include culture, institutional knowledge, experience of the management team, leadership, human resources, overall process, and existing systems which can each impact the success of the transaction. The combining of different organizations can be difficult based on their culture which guides how they interact with employees, customers, vendors, stakeholders, and others. Ambiguities need to be addressed as quickly as they can so that a solid transition plan can be developed, communicated, and implemented. Finally, the systems deployed to help manage the new organization can also impact the success of the transaction. The necessary steps across all of the discussed areas need to be understood and properly executed to obtain the desired value of the transaction.","PeriodicalId":346867,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114500937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/temscon.2018.8488402
J. Kirjavainen, S. Makinen
{"title":"Disadvantaged Early Entrants? Entry Order Effects on Product Performance","authors":"J. Kirjavainen, S. Makinen","doi":"10.1109/temscon.2018.8488402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/temscon.2018.8488402","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":346867,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121686487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488455
Daniel Amona, Stanley B. Gyoshev, Nazml Islam
- Venture capital (VC, henceforth) investments in their portfolio companies facilitate the innovation and economic growth in market-based economies through the provision of invaluable screening, monitoring, networking and specialized financial services to managers of young high-tech businesses. We analyzed the internal financial predictors of the exit performance of VC backed companies in the UK. Using data collected from Zephyr and FAME databases of Bureau van Djik (BvD), we assembled a dataset of 1,294 observations of VC backed portfolio companies' exit types and performance metrics from 1997-2016 in the UK. We then designed a multinomial logit model which estimates the impact of financial positioning on the exit routes of entrepreneurial firms. We find that VC exits through IPOs and M&As when compared with other exit outcomes are more likely to: be profitable, able to meet their debt obligations as they fall due, have greater access to foreign funds as they are usually located in big cities like London, privately sponsored and expand their operations rapidly in the services sector.
-风险资本(以下简称风险资本)对其投资组合公司的投资，通过向年轻高科技企业的管理人员提供宝贵的筛选、监测、联网和专门的金融服务，促进了市场经济的创新和经济增长。我们分析了风险投资支持的英国公司退出绩效的内部财务预测因素。利用从Zephyr和Bureau van Djik (BvD)的FAME数据库收集的数据，我们收集了1997-2016年英国风险投资支持的投资组合公司退出类型和绩效指标的1294个观察数据集。然后，我们设计了一个多项逻辑模型来估计财务定位对创业公司退出路径的影响。我们发现，与其他退出方式相比，风险投资通过ipo和并购退出的可能性更大:更有可能盈利，能够在到期时偿还债务，更容易获得外国资金，因为它们通常位于伦敦等大城市，由私人赞助，并在服务业迅速扩大业务。
{"title":"Exit performance of venture capital backed high-tech start-ups","authors":"Daniel Amona, Stanley B. Gyoshev, Nazml Islam","doi":"10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488455","url":null,"abstract":"- Venture capital (VC, henceforth) investments in their portfolio companies facilitate the innovation and economic growth in market-based economies through the provision of invaluable screening, monitoring, networking and specialized financial services to managers of young high-tech businesses. We analyzed the internal financial predictors of the exit performance of VC backed companies in the UK. Using data collected from Zephyr and FAME databases of Bureau van Djik (BvD), we assembled a dataset of 1,294 observations of VC backed portfolio companies' exit types and performance metrics from 1997-2016 in the UK. We then designed a multinomial logit model which estimates the impact of financial positioning on the exit routes of entrepreneurial firms. We find that VC exits through IPOs and M&As when compared with other exit outcomes are more likely to: be profitable, able to meet their debt obligations as they fall due, have greater access to foreign funds as they are usually located in big cities like London, privately sponsored and expand their operations rapidly in the services sector.","PeriodicalId":346867,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129080347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488442
Vikram Mittal
Since technology is rapidly advancing, systems engineers must now design for adaptability, such that the system can be updated with new components as they become available. Designing for adaptability typically requires analyzing and evaluating technologies at various stages of maturity to determine if they should be incorporated into the design. As such, technology roadmaps are a useful tool to identifying the change in a technology with time. Though traditional technology roadmaps are based on raw performance data, a technology roadmap based on value modeling would be more appropriate for system design. Value modeling is a technique used for evaluating different design decisions while focusing on the needs of the stakeholder. A qualitative model is built to determine what value measures are of concern to the stakeholder; a quantitative model is then built to convert raw performance data into a value score for evaluation. This process can be expanded to show the change in value score based on new technologies through the inclusion of uncertainty and the time domain. The SIPMath® Tool is Microsoft Excel provided a useful tool for building this model. A case study for different unmanned aerial vehicle batteries is presented to display this process.
{"title":"The Use of Stochastic Value Models to Create Technology Roadmaps","authors":"Vikram Mittal","doi":"10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488442","url":null,"abstract":"Since technology is rapidly advancing, systems engineers must now design for adaptability, such that the system can be updated with new components as they become available. Designing for adaptability typically requires analyzing and evaluating technologies at various stages of maturity to determine if they should be incorporated into the design. As such, technology roadmaps are a useful tool to identifying the change in a technology with time. Though traditional technology roadmaps are based on raw performance data, a technology roadmap based on value modeling would be more appropriate for system design. Value modeling is a technique used for evaluating different design decisions while focusing on the needs of the stakeholder. A qualitative model is built to determine what value measures are of concern to the stakeholder; a quantitative model is then built to convert raw performance data into a value score for evaluation. This process can be expanded to show the change in value score based on new technologies through the inclusion of uncertainty and the time domain. The SIPMath® Tool is Microsoft Excel provided a useful tool for building this model. A case study for different unmanned aerial vehicle batteries is presented to display this process.","PeriodicalId":346867,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130338110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488408
S. Uludağ, L. Pretorius
In a complex mining environment sub processes are interlinked and dependent on each other. At each step of mining the actions of one heavily impact on the next process. The objective of this paper is to review the current mining environment and demonstrate whether it is possible to simulate a big surface mine in order to determine the impact of new technology or change of processes. The paper will discuss the approach taken to simulate the current and the future conditions. For this study, an openpit mine has been selected where iron ore is the only commodity. The initial aim of the broader study was to justify the need for drill rig automation in big mines and determine the value creation by means of simulation techniques. This paper will present the conceptual model developed to justify the need for automation specifically in the drilling process. The tool selected to achieve the objective is a System Dynamics tool called VENSIM. The process of creating the model and the logic behind the system dynamics is discussed. The conceptual model is presented with important focus areas in such a modelling attempt. Each mining process can be represented with stock and flow diagrams. The connections between each level is used to define the behavior of the system. A system will respond with three types of behavior; reaction, response and action. While reaction is sufficient, response is necessary when reaction is not sufficient. When this fails too, a change is required which is called an action. All these responses have a goal towards state-maintaining, goal-seeking and purposeful systems. State-maintaining systems often react to changes to maintain the state. A goal-seeking system is the one responds differently to a sequence of events until it reaches its purpose. A purposeful system can produce results in the same as well as different environments [5].
{"title":"Systems thinking, a modelling tool for managing change in a mining environment","authors":"S. Uludağ, L. Pretorius","doi":"10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488408","url":null,"abstract":"In a complex mining environment sub processes are interlinked and dependent on each other. At each step of mining the actions of one heavily impact on the next process. The objective of this paper is to review the current mining environment and demonstrate whether it is possible to simulate a big surface mine in order to determine the impact of new technology or change of processes. The paper will discuss the approach taken to simulate the current and the future conditions. For this study, an openpit mine has been selected where iron ore is the only commodity. The initial aim of the broader study was to justify the need for drill rig automation in big mines and determine the value creation by means of simulation techniques. This paper will present the conceptual model developed to justify the need for automation specifically in the drilling process. The tool selected to achieve the objective is a System Dynamics tool called VENSIM. The process of creating the model and the logic behind the system dynamics is discussed. The conceptual model is presented with important focus areas in such a modelling attempt. Each mining process can be represented with stock and flow diagrams. The connections between each level is used to define the behavior of the system. A system will respond with three types of behavior; reaction, response and action. While reaction is sufficient, response is necessary when reaction is not sufficient. When this fails too, a change is required which is called an action. All these responses have a goal towards state-maintaining, goal-seeking and purposeful systems. State-maintaining systems often react to changes to maintain the state. A goal-seeking system is the one responds differently to a sequence of events until it reaches its purpose. A purposeful system can produce results in the same as well as different environments [5].","PeriodicalId":346867,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116910022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488450
Hans VanDerSchaaf, T. Daim
Delivering high quality e-services are paramount for any business or organization to thrive in today's world. This is also true in higher education, where institutions face high expectations to deliver services that facilitate robust student experiences and are in line with societal goals of lowering costs while delivering more educational value. Through an exploratory literature review, this study seeks to fill in gaps in the literature by clearly defining higher education administrative e-services and anchor their importance in societal and institutional goals to improve undergraduate degree attainment. This paper sets the stage for further research into the critical factors that drive the adoption and use of e-services in higher education.
{"title":"Evaluating Technologies for Higher Education: E-Services","authors":"Hans VanDerSchaaf, T. Daim","doi":"10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488450","url":null,"abstract":"Delivering high quality e-services are paramount for any business or organization to thrive in today's world. This is also true in higher education, where institutions face high expectations to deliver services that facilitate robust student experiences and are in line with societal goals of lowering costs while delivering more educational value. Through an exploratory literature review, this study seeks to fill in gaps in the literature by clearly defining higher education administrative e-services and anchor their importance in societal and institutional goals to improve undergraduate degree attainment. This paper sets the stage for further research into the critical factors that drive the adoption and use of e-services in higher education.","PeriodicalId":346867,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON)","volume":"49 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132285812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488406
R. John
If agile training and coaching have not yet worked, consider investigating what might be keeping the organization stuck. Instead of trying to “change’” the hearts and minds of folks, it may be wise to begin the agile journey “exploring”” what resides in their hearts and minds and how it got there. This paper reveals the stuff from which project overseers must disengage in order to become agile. That stuff that has been axiomatic to project management for a long time and must now be released in order to make the transition to agile. An investigation into why some people scream., “NO” whenever the topic of agile is brought up. In order to move forward you must first let go, but you can't let go until you know what you are holding on to.
{"title":"Revealing the Unobvious Social Norms and Traditional Development Fantasies that Impede Agile Adoption","authors":"R. John","doi":"10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488406","url":null,"abstract":"If agile training and coaching have not yet worked, consider investigating what might be keeping the organization stuck. Instead of trying to “change’” the hearts and minds of folks, it may be wise to begin the agile journey “exploring”” what resides in their hearts and minds and how it got there. This paper reveals the stuff from which project overseers must disengage in order to become agile. That stuff that has been axiomatic to project management for a long time and must now be released in order to make the transition to agile. An investigation into why some people scream., “NO” whenever the topic of agile is brought up. In order to move forward you must first let go, but you can't let go until you know what you are holding on to.","PeriodicalId":346867,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131050873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488452
Pravir Malik, L. Pretorius
Organizations ranging from the Internet, to economies, to large global corporations, to rapidly changing technological ecosystems can be thought of as Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS). When viewed from the bottom-up, as is commonly the case, CAS is often characterized by distributed control, connectivity, co-evolution, emergence, and unpredictability. When viewed from the top-down, a view unique to the mathematical framework further developed in this paper, characteristics such as an implicit order, qualified determinism, and directional integrity emerge. There are advantages and a different management system required when CAS is viewed from the top-down. This paper will derive a series of mathematical operators representative of the quaternary basis of any CAS that can be used in the management of innovation of such CAS and suggest an application employing a series of operators to innovate in a representative rapidly evolving technological environment.
{"title":"Derivation of Quaternary-Based Mathematical Operators to Manage Innovation in Complex Adaptive Systems","authors":"Pravir Malik, L. Pretorius","doi":"10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMSCON.2018.8488452","url":null,"abstract":"Organizations ranging from the Internet, to economies, to large global corporations, to rapidly changing technological ecosystems can be thought of as Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS). When viewed from the bottom-up, as is commonly the case, CAS is often characterized by distributed control, connectivity, co-evolution, emergence, and unpredictability. When viewed from the top-down, a view unique to the mathematical framework further developed in this paper, characteristics such as an implicit order, qualified determinism, and directional integrity emerge. There are advantages and a different management system required when CAS is viewed from the top-down. This paper will derive a series of mathematical operators representative of the quaternary basis of any CAS that can be used in the management of innovation of such CAS and suggest an application employing a series of operators to innovate in a representative rapidly evolving technological environment.","PeriodicalId":346867,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Conference (TEMSCON)","volume":"2018 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114585935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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