Pub Date : 2014-10-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1141774
H. Norkowski, W. Borowiak, W. Sikorski, Dariusz Śledziewski
Competitive load in many sports requires comprehensive engagement of all energy systems that help human body work under conditions of long-term and intensive physical exercise. These requirements also concern judo athletes since a judo bout involves repeated exercise at high intensity and with variable duration, with energy costs covered mainly from anaerobic energy systems used during contraction of skeletal muscles [1,2,3]. The specific nature of competitive exercise performed during a 5-minute judo bout causes that muscle glycogen is the major energy substrate while contribution of anaerobic processes is similar to 70% of the entire energy demand in a human body [4]. Judo athletes at the highest level of sports skill are characterized by high level of anaerobic capacity [5], ability to work effectively under conditions of decompensated metabolic acidosis and ability of fast removal of acid metabolites during short periods of rest typical of a judo bout. According to Sikorski et al. [7,8], mean post-exercise blood levels of lactic acid measured after judo bouts during international and national-level tournaments were 13.7 mmol/l, ranging from 8 to 20 mol/l. Maintaining a high level of anaerobic capacity is essential in judo training in the competitive period since it determines the effectiveness of a series of actions that are taken during a bout. Few reports in the literature have attempted to analyse interval training performed under real conditions of training by athletes at high sports skill level. Study aim: to determine the effect of interval training on cycle ergometer on relative values of mechanical work (J/kg), peak power (W/kg) and time of work (s) at the level of 97% of peak power during 6 repetitions of test exercise on cycle ergometer.
{"title":"Effect of interval training in the competitive period on anaerobic capacity in judo athletes","authors":"H. Norkowski, W. Borowiak, W. Sikorski, Dariusz Śledziewski","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1141774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1141774","url":null,"abstract":"Competitive load in many sports requires comprehensive engagement of all energy systems that help human body work under conditions of long-term and intensive physical exercise. These requirements also concern judo athletes since a judo bout involves repeated exercise at high intensity and with variable duration, with energy costs covered mainly from anaerobic energy systems used during contraction of skeletal muscles [1,2,3]. The specific nature of competitive exercise performed during a 5-minute judo bout causes that muscle glycogen is the major energy substrate while contribution of anaerobic processes is similar to 70% of the entire energy demand in a human body [4]. Judo athletes at the highest level of sports skill are characterized by high level of anaerobic capacity [5], ability to work effectively under conditions of decompensated metabolic acidosis and ability of fast removal of acid metabolites during short periods of rest typical of a judo bout. According to Sikorski et al. [7,8], mean post-exercise blood levels of lactic acid measured after judo bouts during international and national-level tournaments were 13.7 mmol/l, ranging from 8 to 20 mol/l. Maintaining a high level of anaerobic capacity is essential in judo training in the competitive period since it determines the effectiveness of a series of actions that are taken during a bout. Few reports in the literature have attempted to analyse interval training performed under real conditions of training by athletes at high sports skill level. Study aim: to determine the effect of interval training on cycle ergometer on relative values of mechanical work (J/kg), peak power (W/kg) and time of work (s) at the level of 97% of peak power during 6 repetitions of test exercise on cycle ergometer.","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116958165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1127447
B. V. Silva, M. M. Júnior, M. A. M. Simim, E. Franchini, G. Mota
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu BJJ is a grappling sport characterized by high-intensity intermittent effort separated by low-intensity periods [1,2]. The match duration in the official championship for adults graded from blue belt is 5 min, purple belt 7 min, brown belt 8 min and black belt 10 min [3,4]. It is very similar to judo and wrestling in many aspects, although there are differences in these styles generally involving gripping, throwing, ground grappling, chokeholds, and joint locks [5]. In combat sports involving grappling, muscular strength is considered one of the most important physical components to be developed, through dynamic and static actions, specifically in upper limbs [5-8]. Such strength manifestations are vital in BJJ performance [5,8], specially to maintain the grip and to control the opponent, to perform new attacks, and defenses or counter-attack actions [8,10]. As a mechanism to evaluate the muscular strength kimo no grip pull-up test (KPU) has been considered a useful instru ment to indicate dynamic muscular endurance in judo [13] and BJJ [10]. Studies [10,13] have confirmed the effectiveness of this method to discriminate muscle strength in upper limbs of athletes from different competitive levels, Franchini et al. [13] with judo athletes and recent work performed from our laboratory evaluating BJJ athletes [10]. Addi tionally, the isometric version has been used successfully to evaluate the impact of a typical BJJ training session on isometric strength endurance [14].
巴西柔术(BJJ)是一项以高强度间歇努力为特征的格斗运动，其特点是由低强度的时间间隔[1,2]。成人官方锦标赛的比赛时长为蓝带5分钟，紫带7分钟，棕带8分钟，黑带10分钟[3,4]。它在许多方面与柔道和摔跤非常相似，尽管这些风格通常在抓握、投掷、地抓、锁喉和关节锁等方面存在差异。在格斗运动中，肌肉力量被认为是最重要的身体组成部分之一，通过动态和静态动作，特别是在上肢[5-8]。这种力量的表现在巴西柔术表演中是至关重要的[5,8]，特别是在保持握力和控制对手，进行新的攻击和防御或反击动作时[8,10]。kimo no grip引体向上测试(KPU)被认为是柔道b[13]和巴西柔术b[10]运动员动态肌肉耐力的有效指标。研究[10,13]证实了这种方法在区分不同竞技水平运动员上肢肌肉力量方面的有效性，Franchini等人[[13]]对柔道运动员进行了研究，我们实验室最近对巴西柔术运动员进行了评估[[13]]。此外，等距模型已经被成功地用于评估一次典型巴西柔术训练对等距力量耐力的影响。
{"title":"Performance in kimono grip strength tests among Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioners from different levels","authors":"B. V. Silva, M. M. Júnior, M. A. M. Simim, E. Franchini, G. Mota","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1127447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1127447","url":null,"abstract":"Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu BJJ is a grappling sport characterized by high-intensity intermittent effort separated by low-intensity periods [1,2]. The match duration in the official championship for adults graded from blue belt is 5 min, purple belt 7 min, brown belt 8 min and black belt 10 min [3,4]. It is very similar to judo and wrestling in many aspects, although there are differences in these styles generally involving gripping, throwing, ground grappling, chokeholds, and joint locks [5]. In combat sports involving grappling, muscular strength is considered one of the most important physical components to be developed, through dynamic and static actions, specifically in upper limbs [5-8]. Such strength manifestations are vital in BJJ performance [5,8], specially to maintain the grip and to control the opponent, to perform new attacks, and defenses or counter-attack actions [8,10]. As a mechanism to evaluate the muscular strength kimo no grip pull-up test (KPU) has been considered a useful instru ment to indicate dynamic muscular endurance in judo [13] and BJJ [10]. Studies [10,13] have confirmed the effectiveness of this method to discriminate muscle strength in upper limbs of athletes from different competitive levels, Franchini et al. [13] with judo athletes and recent work performed from our laboratory evaluating BJJ athletes [10]. Addi tionally, the isometric version has been used successfully to evaluate the impact of a typical BJJ training session on isometric strength endurance [14].","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128183874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1127450
J. Wąsik, W. Pieter, Z. Borysiuk
Performance analysis in sports has been part of the athletes’ training program for several decades as far as discrete movements are concerned in soccer [1] or physical demands by position in the same sport [2]. Sanderson [3] focused on (un)successful patterns of play in squash, while notational analysis in other racket sports was also performed [4,5]. More examples of sports where notational analysis has gained inroads include volleyball [6], water polo [7] as well as rowing and swimming [8]. Performance analysis in combat sports has mainly occurred in judo [9,10,11,12] with one of the earliest done by Matsumoto et al. [13]. Calmet et al. [14] sought to investigate the approach and grappling stages in beginning, intermediate and advanced male judo athletes. The authors reported that the frequency of attacks of experienced judo practitioners (67.4%) was lower than those of the beginners (80.0%) and intermediate counterparts (86.7%). Franchini et al. [15] investigated medal winners (super elite) and those who ranked 4 -7 (elite) in at least two judo world championships or Olympic Games between 1995 and 2001. The authors reported that the super elite group recorded more wins, while the men and women in the super elite group as well as the men in the elite group scored more points than the elite women. Few performance analysis studies were carried out in karate. Koropanovsky et al. [16] revealed that the reverse straight punch was the most often used technique at three European championships, followed by the roundhouse kick. He reported that the reverse straight punch was most frequently used at European and world championships. Laird and McLeod [17] arrived at the same conclusion when investigating tournaments in Europe. In comparing adults with children (12-13 years), Lapresa et al. [18] revealed that the latter preferred to use their left guards as opposed to the adults, who blocked equally as often with the right and left sides. No differences were found in kicks. In taekwondo, research on notational analysis is in its beginning stages. Recent analyses were done by Kazemi and colleagues on full-contact taekwondo according to the rules of the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF). The dominant techniques were kicks, with a total absence of punches at the 2000 Olympic Games [19]. More details were provided by Kazemi et al. [20] on kicks and warnings incurred per weight category at the 2008 Olympic Games. Notational analysis in taekwondo according to the rules of the International Taekwondo Federation (ITF) is likewise scarce. Wąsik and Ślęzak [21] found that in females competing in the over-70 kg weight division, the technique that was often successful in scoring points included the straight punch. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to assess the performance profile of selected male and female taekwondo athletes competing according to ITF rules.
{"title":"The effect of offensive and defensive actions on taekwondo sparring","authors":"J. Wąsik, W. Pieter, Z. Borysiuk","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1127450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1127450","url":null,"abstract":"Performance analysis in sports has been part of the athletes’ training program for several decades as far as discrete movements are concerned in soccer [1] or physical demands by position in the same sport [2]. Sanderson [3] focused on (un)successful patterns of play in squash, while notational analysis in other racket sports was also performed [4,5]. More examples of sports where notational analysis has gained inroads include volleyball [6], water polo [7] as well as rowing and swimming [8]. Performance analysis in combat sports has mainly occurred in judo [9,10,11,12] with one of the earliest done by Matsumoto et al. [13]. Calmet et al. [14] sought to investigate the approach and grappling stages in beginning, intermediate and advanced male judo athletes. The authors reported that the frequency of attacks of experienced judo practitioners (67.4%) was lower than those of the beginners (80.0%) and intermediate counterparts (86.7%). Franchini et al. [15] investigated medal winners (super elite) and those who ranked 4 -7 (elite) in at least two judo world championships or Olympic Games between 1995 and 2001. The authors reported that the super elite group recorded more wins, while the men and women in the super elite group as well as the men in the elite group scored more points than the elite women. Few performance analysis studies were carried out in karate. Koropanovsky et al. [16] revealed that the reverse straight punch was the most often used technique at three European championships, followed by the roundhouse kick. He reported that the reverse straight punch was most frequently used at European and world championships. Laird and McLeod [17] arrived at the same conclusion when investigating tournaments in Europe. In comparing adults with children (12-13 years), Lapresa et al. [18] revealed that the latter preferred to use their left guards as opposed to the adults, who blocked equally as often with the right and left sides. No differences were found in kicks. In taekwondo, research on notational analysis is in its beginning stages. Recent analyses were done by Kazemi and colleagues on full-contact taekwondo according to the rules of the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF). The dominant techniques were kicks, with a total absence of punches at the 2000 Olympic Games [19]. More details were provided by Kazemi et al. [20] on kicks and warnings incurred per weight category at the 2008 Olympic Games. Notational analysis in taekwondo according to the rules of the International Taekwondo Federation (ITF) is likewise scarce. Wąsik and Ślęzak [21] found that in females competing in the over-70 kg weight division, the technique that was often successful in scoring points included the straight punch. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to assess the performance profile of selected male and female taekwondo athletes competing according to ITF rules.","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124930307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1127449
K. Sterkowicz-Przybycień, A. Kłys, R. Almansba
The practise of physical activity promotes psychomotor and social development of child. Unfortunately the news technologies (internet, social networking, game video, play-station, computer, etc.) are the major recreative activity center for children anywhere [1]. Development of potential abilities of the child body in terms of development stimulation, adaptation to different environmental conditions, motor impairment’s compensation and correction of postural balance should occur with prospection i.e. formation of a system of attitudes, motivation, skills and abilities that would ensure working on prevention and improvement of health, i.e. psychological and physical wellbeing [2]. The concept of body-mind connection is derived from Japanese mythology, and consequently these two are still regarded as essential complementary elements to be cultivated through judo training [3]. From philosophical viewpoint, judo was defined as a physical and morale education method allowing to strengthen the personality of individual [4-6]. A judo performance in young age will be not systematically reproducible in junior or senior categories [7]. Injury prevention strategies increases the possibilities of judoka’s success [8]. Physicians and coaches agree that the judo teaching should be taken seriously to avoid injuries (spine column deviation, bone fracture, etc.) and ensure more effective and safe organization of judo exercises for children [9]. In preschool age (4-6 years), children improve a simple movements such as running, walking and more complex movements de rived from different sports such as throws, holds, climbing, cycling or swimming [10]. Physicians recommend for children aged from 6 to 10 years to develop the general motor abilities before to practise competitive sports whose require specifics and complex tasks [9].
{"title":"Educational judo benefits on the preschool children’s behaviour","authors":"K. Sterkowicz-Przybycień, A. Kłys, R. Almansba","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1127449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1127449","url":null,"abstract":"The practise of physical activity promotes psychomotor and social development of child. Unfortunately the news technologies (internet, social networking, game video, play-station, computer, etc.) are the major recreative activity center for children anywhere [1]. Development of potential abilities of the child body in terms of development stimulation, adaptation to different environmental conditions, motor impairment’s compensation and correction of postural balance should occur with prospection i.e. formation of a system of attitudes, motivation, skills and abilities that would ensure working on prevention and improvement of health, i.e. psychological and physical wellbeing [2]. The concept of body-mind connection is derived from Japanese mythology, and consequently these two are still regarded as essential complementary elements to be cultivated through judo training [3]. From philosophical viewpoint, judo was defined as a physical and morale education method allowing to strengthen the personality of individual [4-6]. A judo performance in young age will be not systematically reproducible in junior or senior categories [7]. Injury prevention strategies increases the possibilities of judoka’s success [8]. Physicians and coaches agree that the judo teaching should be taken seriously to avoid injuries (spine column deviation, bone fracture, etc.) and ensure more effective and safe organization of judo exercises for children [9]. In preschool age (4-6 years), children improve a simple movements such as running, walking and more complex movements de rived from different sports such as throws, holds, climbing, cycling or swimming [10]. Physicians recommend for children aged from 6 to 10 years to develop the general motor abilities before to practise competitive sports whose require specifics and complex tasks [9].","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126805519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1127446
G. Joel, Leandro Paiva, L. V. Andreato
Nowadays, the combat sports have gained great popularity in society. Among the modalities that have been highlighted given the Brazilian jiu-jitsu, modality which aims to dominate the opponent and takes him to withdraw from the joint use of chokes and joint keys. When not occur submission the combat is decided by points coming from specific techniques (take down, sweep, passing the guard, knee on the belly, mount and back control) [1]. Brazilian jiu-jitsu is originally practiced with the use of gi. However, there are many competitions that are played without the use of gi. Recently the International Federation of Brazilian jiu-jitsu implemented Brazilian jiu-jitsu no-gi competitions [1]. In addition, prior to World Brazilian jiu-jitsu no-gi be created existed competitions of no-gi (known as submission) who kept the rules of Brazilian jiu-jitsu or adopted some changes, like the case of the biggest event of clawed fights of the world, the Abu Dahbi Combat Club, event founded by Arab sheiks. Thus, it is common for athletes Brazilian jiu-jitsu compete and be successful in both competitions, with and without the use of gi. However, it is unclear whether there are physiological differences between the two styles. In the Brazilian jiu-jitsu can be stated that the combats promote moderate activation of the glycolytic pathway, given the concentrations of blood lactate [Lac] observed in simulated combat and [2-4] and in real competitions [5,6]. Furthermore, Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes rated the fights as „somewhat hard” on simulations of 10 minutes [3] and as ”light or somewhat hard” on real competition [5]. However, as yet there are no informations about the physiological and perceptual responses in Submission combats. The lack of knowledge results in an empirical character of the specific training prescription and planning. Thereby, it is common that data obtained in similar modalities (judo and Olym pic wresting) are used by coaches [7]. However, it is necessary that studies be conducted directly with the Brazilian jiu-jitsu and Submission, because there are differences in the dynamics of the fights which can generate peculiarities, as time structure of a Brazilian jiu-jitsu fight (117 s of fighting for 33 s recovery) [5] that is different from Judo and Wrestling, considering that in Judo, the time structure of fights is 30 ± 33 s of fighting for a 12 ± 4 s pause [8] while in Wrestling it is 37 ± 10 s of fighting for a 14 ± 6 s pause [9]. Considering the previous information, this study aimed to determine whether there differences in [Lac] and rate of per-
{"title":"Blood lactate and rate of perceived exertion in Brazilian jiu-jitsu and Submission combats","authors":"G. Joel, Leandro Paiva, L. V. Andreato","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1127446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1127446","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the combat sports have gained great popularity in society. Among the modalities that have been highlighted given the Brazilian jiu-jitsu, modality which aims to dominate the opponent and takes him to withdraw from the joint use of chokes and joint keys. When not occur submission the combat is decided by points coming from specific techniques (take down, sweep, passing the guard, knee on the belly, mount and back control) [1]. Brazilian jiu-jitsu is originally practiced with the use of gi. However, there are many competitions that are played without the use of gi. Recently the International Federation of Brazilian jiu-jitsu implemented Brazilian jiu-jitsu no-gi competitions [1]. In addition, prior to World Brazilian jiu-jitsu no-gi be created existed competitions of no-gi (known as submission) who kept the rules of Brazilian jiu-jitsu or adopted some changes, like the case of the biggest event of clawed fights of the world, the Abu Dahbi Combat Club, event founded by Arab sheiks. Thus, it is common for athletes Brazilian jiu-jitsu compete and be successful in both competitions, with and without the use of gi. However, it is unclear whether there are physiological differences between the two styles. In the Brazilian jiu-jitsu can be stated that the combats promote moderate activation of the glycolytic pathway, given the concentrations of blood lactate [Lac] observed in simulated combat and [2-4] and in real competitions [5,6]. Furthermore, Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes rated the fights as „somewhat hard” on simulations of 10 minutes [3] and as ”light or somewhat hard” on real competition [5]. However, as yet there are no informations about the physiological and perceptual responses in Submission combats. The lack of knowledge results in an empirical character of the specific training prescription and planning. Thereby, it is common that data obtained in similar modalities (judo and Olym pic wresting) are used by coaches [7]. However, it is necessary that studies be conducted directly with the Brazilian jiu-jitsu and Submission, because there are differences in the dynamics of the fights which can generate peculiarities, as time structure of a Brazilian jiu-jitsu fight (117 s of fighting for 33 s recovery) [5] that is different from Judo and Wrestling, considering that in Judo, the time structure of fights is 30 ± 33 s of fighting for a 12 ± 4 s pause [8] while in Wrestling it is 37 ± 10 s of fighting for a 14 ± 6 s pause [9]. Considering the previous information, this study aimed to determine whether there differences in [Lac] and rate of per-","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123522398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1141782
Z. Obmiński, K. Witek, K. Lerczak, L. Borkowski, B. Szczepańska, W. Błach
It is known, that an exertion of high intensity leads to fa tigue of working muscles and to the deterioration their physical abilities. That phenomenon was especially noted during intensive and continues effort, for instant during Wingate test. At the end of that exertion lasting 30s the value of power output is always lower as compared to that recorded as peak power, reached few second after the start. That relative, percentage of power lost is expressed as fatigue index (FI). The study showed, that peak power and the maximal accumulated O (2) deficit were highly and significantly correlated and ability to maintain power output during a 30-s cycle sprint is related to anaerobic capacity [1]. Furthermore, the lost of ma xi mal power is fitted by an exponential curve [2]. Among power athletes mean FI reaches almost 49% with absolute peak po wer amounting over 1000 Watt, and over 12.0 W/kg after its normalization to body mass [3]. Impairment of maximal power output has been found also in successive repeated “all-out” bouts, when the length of intermissions for rest is too small to reach full state of recovery prior to the next bout. In such ca ses the performance levels of consecutive exertions become more and more lower, even despite of previously loading by various pharmacological enhancers [4-8]. Long since it has been evidenced, that rate of post-effort recovery of cellular phosphagens ( PCr, ATP) play a crucial role in a rise of ability to generate again maximal, initial power output, while the depletion of the phosphagens is responsible for temporary impairment of the power. Obviously, there are also the other metabolic and physiological factors contributing to voluntary post-effort state of fatigue and rate of recovery and to the equilibrium between those two processes. These issues are taken into consider, when scheduling interval training session [9]. During intermittent exercises work-to-rest ratio influences
{"title":"Work-to-rest ratio during three repeated judo struggles separated by short intermissions. A preliminary study","authors":"Z. Obmiński, K. Witek, K. Lerczak, L. Borkowski, B. Szczepańska, W. Błach","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1141782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1141782","url":null,"abstract":"It is known, that an exertion of high intensity leads to fa tigue of working muscles and to the deterioration their physical abilities. That phenomenon was especially noted during intensive and continues effort, for instant during Wingate test. At the end of that exertion lasting 30s the value of power output is always lower as compared to that recorded as peak power, reached few second after the start. That relative, percentage of power lost is expressed as fatigue index (FI). The study showed, that peak power and the maximal accumulated O (2) deficit were highly and significantly correlated and ability to maintain power output during a 30-s cycle sprint is related to anaerobic capacity [1]. Furthermore, the lost of ma xi mal power is fitted by an exponential curve [2]. Among power athletes mean FI reaches almost 49% with absolute peak po wer amounting over 1000 Watt, and over 12.0 W/kg after its normalization to body mass [3]. Impairment of maximal power output has been found also in successive repeated “all-out” bouts, when the length of intermissions for rest is too small to reach full state of recovery prior to the next bout. In such ca ses the performance levels of consecutive exertions become more and more lower, even despite of previously loading by various pharmacological enhancers [4-8]. Long since it has been evidenced, that rate of post-effort recovery of cellular phosphagens ( PCr, ATP) play a crucial role in a rise of ability to generate again maximal, initial power output, while the depletion of the phosphagens is responsible for temporary impairment of the power. Obviously, there are also the other metabolic and physiological factors contributing to voluntary post-effort state of fatigue and rate of recovery and to the equilibrium between those two processes. These issues are taken into consider, when scheduling interval training session [9]. During intermittent exercises work-to-rest ratio influences","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122854950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1127453
W. Pilch, Grzegorz Lech, T. Pałka, W. Błach, Ł. Tota, T. Cisoń
Finnish (dry) sauna is one of the most popular methods of biological regeneration. This is a physical procedure used also for hygienic purposes, such as body care and for medical purposes, e.g. body strengthening. A regular use of sauna affects the body in many ways. Thermal treatment in sauna is one of the so called biomedical approaches of biological regeneration, broadly applied, both in motor recreation and competitive sports [1-4]. The idea of sauna, originating from Finland has been used in many parts of the world. Apart from Scandinavian saunas, the first saunas were built in Pensylvania in 1638. In Europe, the first saunas were built as late as in 1936 on occasion of the Olympic Games in Berlin. Finnish saunas have became popular thanks to the popularization of the social movement which contributed to their development, initially for recreation and next, they became the components of Finnish houses. For Finnish people, sauna is still the basic hygienic and relaxing procedure, affecting the entire human organism [5]. The thermoregulatory mechanism, activated during the “sweat bath” generates a series of responses in the nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine and respiratory systems and causes hormonal, metabolic and electrolyte changes [6]. “Sweat bath” quickly eliminates mental and physical fatigue as it favorably affects the entire body. During a series of procedures, the body is detoxified , because toxins are removed with sweat. After being intensely heated, the body is cooled and during this process blood oxygen level increases and the mind is relaxed. For this reason, sauna is recommended not only for relaxation and rest after physical work, but also in cases of post-injury conditions of the musculoskeletal system; therefore it is often recommended to athletes as a form of biological regeneration [7]. Unfortunately, there are more and more cases of improper use of the sauna, both among athletes and in non-training
{"title":"The knowledge about using Finnish sauna in post-event recovery among judokas","authors":"W. Pilch, Grzegorz Lech, T. Pałka, W. Błach, Ł. Tota, T. Cisoń","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1127453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1127453","url":null,"abstract":"Finnish (dry) sauna is one of the most popular methods of biological regeneration. This is a physical procedure used also for hygienic purposes, such as body care and for medical purposes, e.g. body strengthening. A regular use of sauna affects the body in many ways. Thermal treatment in sauna is one of the so called biomedical approaches of biological regeneration, broadly applied, both in motor recreation and competitive sports [1-4]. The idea of sauna, originating from Finland has been used in many parts of the world. Apart from Scandinavian saunas, the first saunas were built in Pensylvania in 1638. In Europe, the first saunas were built as late as in 1936 on occasion of the Olympic Games in Berlin. Finnish saunas have became popular thanks to the popularization of the social movement which contributed to their development, initially for recreation and next, they became the components of Finnish houses. For Finnish people, sauna is still the basic hygienic and relaxing procedure, affecting the entire human organism [5]. The thermoregulatory mechanism, activated during the “sweat bath” generates a series of responses in the nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine and respiratory systems and causes hormonal, metabolic and electrolyte changes [6]. “Sweat bath” quickly eliminates mental and physical fatigue as it favorably affects the entire body. During a series of procedures, the body is detoxified , because toxins are removed with sweat. After being intensely heated, the body is cooled and during this process blood oxygen level increases and the mind is relaxed. For this reason, sauna is recommended not only for relaxation and rest after physical work, but also in cases of post-injury conditions of the musculoskeletal system; therefore it is often recommended to athletes as a form of biological regeneration [7]. Unfortunately, there are more and more cases of improper use of the sauna, both among athletes and in non-training","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116261821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1127451
D. Boguszewski
Present sport apart from health-related values, educational or utilitarian ones, is also a marketing tool [1,2]. For many countries, cities or regions it is the only media’s own image. However, to make this tool efficient there must be fulfilled a number of conditions. One of them is attractiveness of discipline as the sports-show. Its indicator is created not only by the number of persons watching contest of sportsmen live, but also the interest of media, and what follows also sponsors or local authorities [1]. For many years organizer of athletic events have been outdoing each other in ideas enriching the competing of contestants, and international sports federations modify regulations to improve ratings. This phenomenon does not bypass combat sports. Over the recent years in Olympian combat sports there were several changes of regulations done. Their purpose was the facilitation of reception and increase of struggle dynamics. However, as the research proves, e.g. in judo, struggle dynamics dropped and the number of practiced elements of technique diminished, too. Regulation penalties have also more often influence on a win in the fight [3-7]. Considerable changes of regulations took place in the first decade of 21 century. Changes of rules in the year 2006 were to limit a role of referee during the fight. In the year 2009 a restriction in grabbing the leg of contestant’s trousers was introduced, and in 2010 it was completely forbidden to grip below the belt in direct attack (this offence was punished with the disqualification – hansoku-make) [8]. For the purpose of the verification of results of introduced changes there was executed a number of analyses of contestants’ actions at start [9,10]. The influence of regulations on the manner of leading and finishing fights was diagnosed [4-7]. Preferences of combat sports fans were examined, too – the attractiveness of show was most often connected with the high dynamics of the sports-fight [11-13]. The main cognitive objective of the study was the evaluation of struggle dynamics realized by top world judo contestants. The application aim was the formulation of trainingfoundations and methodical instructions in relation to contest strategy and tactics optimization where present combat regulations were taken into consideration.
{"title":"Dynamics of judo contests performed by top world judokas in the years 2008-2012","authors":"D. Boguszewski","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1127451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1127451","url":null,"abstract":"Present sport apart from health-related values, educational or utilitarian ones, is also a marketing tool [1,2]. For many countries, cities or regions it is the only media’s own image. However, to make this tool efficient there must be fulfilled a number of conditions. One of them is attractiveness of discipline as the sports-show. Its indicator is created not only by the number of persons watching contest of sportsmen live, but also the interest of media, and what follows also sponsors or local authorities [1]. For many years organizer of athletic events have been outdoing each other in ideas enriching the competing of contestants, and international sports federations modify regulations to improve ratings. This phenomenon does not bypass combat sports. Over the recent years in Olympian combat sports there were several changes of regulations done. Their purpose was the facilitation of reception and increase of struggle dynamics. However, as the research proves, e.g. in judo, struggle dynamics dropped and the number of practiced elements of technique diminished, too. Regulation penalties have also more often influence on a win in the fight [3-7]. Considerable changes of regulations took place in the first decade of 21 century. Changes of rules in the year 2006 were to limit a role of referee during the fight. In the year 2009 a restriction in grabbing the leg of contestant’s trousers was introduced, and in 2010 it was completely forbidden to grip below the belt in direct attack (this offence was punished with the disqualification – hansoku-make) [8]. For the purpose of the verification of results of introduced changes there was executed a number of analyses of contestants’ actions at start [9,10]. The influence of regulations on the manner of leading and finishing fights was diagnosed [4-7]. Preferences of combat sports fans were examined, too – the attractiveness of show was most often connected with the high dynamics of the sports-fight [11-13]. The main cognitive objective of the study was the evaluation of struggle dynamics realized by top world judo contestants. The application aim was the formulation of trainingfoundations and methodical instructions in relation to contest strategy and tactics optimization where present combat regulations were taken into consideration.","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"197 s673","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120831434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1127448
Cezary Kuśnierz, P. Bartík
{"title":"The impact of practice of selected combat sports on signs of aggression in players in comparison with their non-training peers","authors":"Cezary Kuśnierz, P. Bartík","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1127448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1127448","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131073939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-28DOI: 10.5604/20815735.1127452
A. Książek, Aleksandra Kopeća, M. Słowińska-Lisowska
Judo is one of the speed and power sport disciplines in which short bouts of high-power exercise occur but which also require high aerobic capacity that determines a higher economisation of work [1]. A rational model of nutrition, based on a varied and balanced diet, makes it easier for athletes to meet the increased requirements for energy, the building blocks and regulatory components, including vitamins and minerals. A correct diet is one of the most important factors that affect exercise capabilities, optimise training outcomes and increase the likelihood of sport success [2,3]. The widespread use of food supplements and foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses by athletes should also be taken into account in their nutrient intake sheet. Many authors point out that food supplements are very commonly used by athletes [4,5,6]. The available literature provides very little data on the assess ment of diet among high-level professional judo athletes. The aim of the study was to assess the energy value and the intakes of nutrients, minerals, vitamins, dietary fibre and water in daily food rations including and excluding supplements among male judo athletes.
{"title":"An assessment of diet among high – rank professional judo athletes","authors":"A. Książek, Aleksandra Kopeća, M. Słowińska-Lisowska","doi":"10.5604/20815735.1127452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/20815735.1127452","url":null,"abstract":"Judo is one of the speed and power sport disciplines in which short bouts of high-power exercise occur but which also require high aerobic capacity that determines a higher economisation of work [1]. A rational model of nutrition, based on a varied and balanced diet, makes it easier for athletes to meet the increased requirements for energy, the building blocks and regulatory components, including vitamins and minerals. A correct diet is one of the most important factors that affect exercise capabilities, optimise training outcomes and increase the likelihood of sport success [2,3]. The widespread use of food supplements and foodstuffs intended for particular nutritional uses by athletes should also be taken into account in their nutrient intake sheet. Many authors point out that food supplements are very commonly used by athletes [4,5,6]. The available literature provides very little data on the assess ment of diet among high-level professional judo athletes. The aim of the study was to assess the energy value and the intakes of nutrients, minerals, vitamins, dietary fibre and water in daily food rations including and excluding supplements among male judo athletes.","PeriodicalId":347138,"journal":{"name":"Journal of combat sports and martial arts","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117164296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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