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Robust model-based control and stability analysis of PMSM drive with DC-link voltage and parameter variations 基于模型的 PMSM 驱动器鲁棒控制与稳定性分析(含直流链路电压和参数变化
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100469
Majid Mehrasa , Hamidreza Gholinezhadomran , Pouya Tarassodi , Eduardo M.G. Rodrigues , Hossein Salehfar
To ensure a stable operation of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive under both DC link voltage and parameter variations, a robust control technique based on a new dynamic model that includes both drive’s and motor’s specifications is proposed in this paper. In the proposed controller, the first component of the drive’s control law consists of the d-component error of the stator current, and the second one is shaped based on the error in the square value of q-component of the stator current. To further deal with the dynamic alterations of the drive system, compensators are designed to reduce the adverse effects of rotor angular frequency variations and the difference between electrical and load torque errors. Another compensator based on the drive’s output power error is also placed at the q-component of the proposed control law. Moreover, a general operation curve (GOC) for the stator current is introduced to further assess the operation of the PMSM. In the next step, a comprehensive stability analysis verifying the stable operation of both d- and q-components of the stator current is performed using two closed-loop descriptions of the proposed control strategy. Several simulation results in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment are provided to verify the validity of the proposed control technique under various dynamic scenarios. It is worth mentioning that comparative results show that the proposed control technique compared to conventional PI controller has enabled the PMSM speed and torque to reach its 50% and 95% of their desirable values with respectively 42.9% and 28.6% less time. Also, the PMSM speed and torque responses due to proposed control technique have 75% less undershoot compared to conventional PI controller.
为确保永磁同步电机 (PMSM) 驱动器在直流链路电压和参数变化的情况下稳定运行,本文提出了一种基于新动态模型的鲁棒控制技术,该模型包括驱动器和电机的规格。在所提出的控制器中,驱动器控制法则的第一个分量由定子电流的 d 分量误差组成,第二个分量则根据定子电流 q 分量平方值的误差形成。为了进一步应对驱动系统的动态变化,设计了补偿器来减少转子角频率变化以及电气和负载转矩误差之间的差异所带来的不利影响。另一个基于驱动器输出功率误差的补偿器也被置于拟议控制法则的 q 分量处。此外,还引入了定子电流的一般运行曲线 (GOC),以进一步评估 PMSM 的运行情况。下一步,将使用所提议控制策略的两个闭环描述进行全面的稳定性分析,以验证定子电流 d 和 q 分量的稳定运行。在 MATLAB/SIMULINK 环境中提供了多个仿真结果,以验证所提议的控制技术在各种动态情况下的有效性。值得一提的是,比较结果表明,与传统的 PI 控制器相比,所提出的控制技术能使 PMSM 转速和转矩分别达到其理想值的 50%和 95%,所用时间分别减少了 42.9% 和 28.6%。此外,与传统的 PI 控制器相比,采用拟议控制技术的 PMSM 转速和转矩响应的欠冲减少了 75%。
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引用次数: 0
Optimum control model of Malicious news spread on Social networks having Hidden accounts 有隐藏账户的社交网络上恶意新闻传播的优化控制模型
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100468
Ankur Jain , Joydip Dhar

Extremists are increasingly using social media to recruit and radicalize other users and increase their money. Terrorists can use popular social networks accounts and perform their activities in a hidden way. So, it is crucial to create a fruitful mechanism for controlling the spread of misinformation. Otherwise, a large number of people can mislead by this terrorist activity by joining them. Here, we propose malicious news spreading model incorporating hidden attackers of a social network. A threshold is defined for deciding the extinction of malicious news from a social network. Here, we show the importance of network alertness and activity of cybersecurity agencies in the modified model. Moreover, we obtained the optimal values of the control parameters for emergencies.

极端分子越来越多地利用社交媒体招募和激进化其他用户,并增加他们的资金。恐怖分子可以利用流行的社交网络账户,以隐蔽的方式开展活动。因此,建立一个有效的机制来控制错误信息的传播至关重要。否则,会有大量的人被这种恐怖活动误导,加入他们的行列。在此,我们提出了包含社交网络隐藏攻击者的恶意新闻传播模型。我们定义了一个阈值来决定恶意新闻是否会从社交网络中消失。在此,我们展示了网络警觉性和网络安全机构活动在修正模型中的重要性。此外,我们还获得了紧急情况下控制参数的最佳值。
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引用次数: 0
Trapezoidal neutrosophic teaching learning-based optimization in enhancing accuracy of diabetes prognosis 基于梯形中性教学学习的优化技术在提高糖尿病预后准确性中的应用
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100464
Nivedita , Seema Agrawal , Tarun Kumar , Kapil Kumar , M.K. Sharma , Vishnu Narayan Mishra
Diabetes is one of chronic diseases in which blood glucose (sugar) level soar up high where human body are incapable to absorb it properly. It is important to have an appropriate diagnosis for proper management and treatment. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a more accurate diabetes prediction model through the new adaptive Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) method. In order to address the inherent uncertainties and imprecisions in medical data, the suggested model makes use of the resilience of Trapezoidal Neutrosophic sets. The Trapezoidal Neutrosophic set theory provides a suitable basis for developing rule/knowledge-based systems in the medical field. The present investigation makes use of the dataset acquired from the Pima Indians Diabetes Database (PIDD) website, which has an extensive global collection of diabetes datasets. The performance of our model is evaluated against several existing methodologies, including Intuitionistic Neuro-Fuzzy System (INFS) Structure, Fuzzy Logic based Diabetes Diagnosis System (FLDDS), Fuzzy Verdict Mechanism (FVM) for Diabetes Decision, (Fuzzy Expert System) FES, and Hierarchical Neuro-Fuzzy Binary space partitioning System (HNFB-1). Quantitative analysis validates that proposed methodology achieves an exceptional predictive accuracy of 99.89 %, which is substantially higher than the comparative methodologies, namely INFS Structure (88.76 %), FLDDS (87.2 %), FVM for Diabetes Decision (85.03 %), FES (81.7 %), and HNFB-1 (78.26 %). These enhancements demonstrate show how well the suggested model works to lower diagnostic errors and increase dependability.
糖尿病是一种慢性疾病,患者的血糖水平会飙升到人体无法正常吸收的程度。适当的诊断对于正确的管理和治疗非常重要。本手稿旨在通过新的自适应梯形中性教学优化(TLBO)方法,提供一个更准确的糖尿病预测模型。为了解决医疗数据中固有的不确定性和不精确性,所建议的模型利用了梯形中性集的弹性。梯形中性集理论为在医疗领域开发基于规则/知识的系统提供了合适的基础。本研究使用的数据集来自皮马印第安人糖尿病数据库(PIDD)网站,该网站拥有大量的全球糖尿病数据集。我们的模型与现有的几种方法进行了性能评估,包括直觉神经模糊系统(INFS)结构、基于模糊逻辑的糖尿病诊断系统(FLDDS)、糖尿病决策模糊判定机制(FVM)、模糊专家系统(FES)和层次神经模糊二进制空间分区系统(HNFB-1)。定量分析证实,所提出的方法的预测准确率高达 99.89%,大大高于其他比较方法,即 INFS 结构(88.76%)、FLDDS(87.2%)、用于糖尿病决策的 FVM(85.03%)、FES(81.7%)和 HNFB-1(78.26%)。这些改进表明,建议的模型在降低诊断误差和提高可靠性方面效果显著。
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引用次数: 0
Necessary or sufficient condition for Alexandroff topological spaces to be cordial graphic 亚历山大拓扑空间是亲切图形的必要或充分条件
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100467
A. Divya , K. Ramya , D. Sasikala

In this paper, we explore the property of being a cordial graphic and establish that it corresponds to an Alexandroff topological space. We analyze how the characteristics of cordial graphs align with the principles of Alexandroff topology and provide insights into their topological structure.

在本文中,我们探讨了亲切图形的属性,并确定它对应于亚历山德罗夫拓扑空间。我们分析了亲切图形的特征如何与亚历山德罗夫拓扑学原理相一致,并对其拓扑结构提出了见解。
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引用次数: 0
Strategic approaches to mitigating Hookworm infection: An optimal control and cost-effectiveness analysis 减少钩虫感染的战略方法:最佳控制和成本效益分析
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100477
Z. Chazuka , C.W. Chukwu , D. Mathebula , E. Mudimu
Human hookworm infection remains a serious threat to public health, particularly in highly endemic regions. The high mortality rate associated with this infection emphasizes the urgent need for effective control measures and intervention strategies to curb its spread. A nonlinear deterministic hookworm model with saturated incidence is investigated in this paper. The model exhibits a unique disease-free and endemic equilibria, and the reproduction number is computed and explained. Sensitivity analysis shows that increasing the transmission rate, β, the hatching rate, α, the number of eggs excreted within the environment, Ne, and the rate of excretion of the eggs, γ, significantly increases the reproduction number. Based on this analysis, we extend the model to consider optimal control in the presence of three time-dependent controls namely: sanitation, preventative chemotherapy, and shoe-wearing. We define an objective function to be minimized and the conditions necessary for the optimal control are established and proved using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. We present a one-way analysis of variance to evaluate the impact of constant implementation of the control measures on the number of infected individuals. Numerical simulations also show that hookworm infection can be contained in the presence of all control measures. However, a cost-effectiveness analysis shows that combining shoe-wearing control with preventative chemotherapy is the most cost-effective measure for controlling hookworm infection. The results presented hold substantial implications for public health policy, especially in low-income regions.
人类钩虫感染仍然是对公共卫生的严重威胁,尤其是在钩虫高度流行的地区。与这种感染相关的高死亡率强调了采取有效控制措施和干预策略遏制其传播的迫切需要。本文研究了一个具有饱和发病率的非线性确定性钩虫模型。该模型表现出独特的无病均衡和流行均衡,并计算和解释了繁殖数量。敏感性分析表明,提高传播率 β、孵化率 α、环境中排泄的虫卵数 Ne 和虫卵排泄率 γ 会显著增加繁殖数量。在此分析的基础上,我们将模型扩展到考虑存在三种与时间相关的控制时的最优控制,即卫生、预防性化疗和穿鞋。我们定义了需要最小化的目标函数,并利用庞特里亚金最大原则建立和证明了最优控制的必要条件。我们采用单因子方差分析来评估不断实施控制措施对感染人数的影响。数值模拟也表明,在采取所有控制措施的情况下,钩虫感染是可以控制的。然而,成本效益分析表明,将穿鞋控制与预防性化疗相结合是控制钩虫感染最具成本效益的措施。上述结果对公共卫生政策,特别是低收入地区的公共卫生政策具有重大意义。
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引用次数: 0
Predictive analytics in customer behavior: Anticipating trends and preferences 客户行为预测分析:预测趋势和偏好
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100462
Hamed GhorbanTanhaei, Payam Boozary, Sogand Sheykhan, Maryam Rabiee, Farzam Rahmani, Iman Hosseini

In order to effectively manage their customers, businesses need to thoroughly analyze the costs and advantages associated with various alternative expenditures and investments and determine the most effective way to allocate resources to marketing and sales activities over time. Those in charge of making decisions will reap the benefits of decision support models that estimate the value of the customer portfolio and tie expenses to customers' purchasing behavior. In the current work, various machine learning algorithms such as Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RT), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and gradient boosting are used to predict customer behavior. The evaluation criteria considered in the work include precision, recall, F1-Score, and ROC-AUC. The accuracy values obtained for DT, RT, LR, SVM, and gradient boosting are 0.787, 0.806, 0.826, 0.826, and 0.823, respectively. The results emphasize RT and LR's good performance, while the values of 0.620, 1, 0.766, and 0.878 for the precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC score outperform the rest. The novelty of this work lies in employing a comprehensive set of machine learning algorithms to predict customer behavior, with a particular emphasis on the superior performance of RF and LR models, as demonstrated by their high precision, recall, F1-score, and ROC-AUC values.

为了有效地管理客户,企业需要彻底分析与各种备选支出和投资相关的成本和优势,并确定长期为营销和销售活动分配资源的最有效方法。决策支持模型可以估算客户组合的价值,并将支出与客户的购买行为联系起来,这将使负责决策的人员获益匪浅。在当前的工作中,使用了各种机器学习算法,如决策树(DT)、随机森林(RT)、逻辑回归(LR)、支持向量机(SVM)和梯度提升来预测客户行为。工作中考虑的评估标准包括精确度、召回率、F1-分数和 ROC-AUC。DT、RT、LR、SVM 和梯度提升的准确度值分别为 0.787、0.806、0.826、0.826 和 0.823。结果凸显了 RT 和 LR 的良好性能,而精度、召回率、F1 分数和 ROC-AUC 分数分别为 0.620、1、0.766 和 0.878,优于其他算法。这项工作的新颖之处在于采用了一套全面的机器学习算法来预测客户行为,尤其强调了 RF 和 LR 模型的卓越性能,其高精度、召回率、F1-分数和 ROC-AUC 值都证明了这一点。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of awareness and time-delayed saturated treatment on the transmission of infectious diseases 提高认识和延时饱和治疗对传染病传播的影响
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100463
Aditya Pandey, Archana Singh Bhadauria, Vijai Shanker Verma
We have proposed a mathematical model with saturated incidence and treatment rates along with awareness and delay in treatment. We analyze the model and find the equilibrium points and their stability. We also find the basic reproduction number R0 to understand the disease dynamics. We performed the sensitivity analysis and found that treatment along with awareness plays a significant role in controlling infectious disease. We deduce that awareness about the disease affects the transmission rate of infection. As people become aware of aspects of the infectious disease, they amend their behavior so that they fend themselves from catching the disease. We have introduced a time lag in treatment and found the threshold value of the time delay. It is observed that when the value of the time delay crosses the threshold value, we get a Hopf bifurcation i.e. endemic steady state becomes unstable above the threshold value and it may become difficult to control the disease beyond the threshold value of delay in treatment.
我们提出了一个数学模型,其中包含饱和的发病率和治疗率,以及治疗意识和治疗延迟。我们对模型进行了分析,找到了平衡点及其稳定性。我们还找到了基本繁殖数 R0,以了解疾病的动态变化。我们进行了敏感性分析,发现治疗和认识在控制传染病方面发挥着重要作用。我们推断,对疾病的认识会影响传染病的传播率。当人们意识到传染病的方方面面时,他们就会修正自己的行为,从而避免感染这种疾病。我们在治疗中引入了时滞,并找到了时滞的临界值。据观察,当时间延迟的值超过临界值时,我们就会出现霍普夫分岔,即在临界值以上,地方病的稳定状态变得不稳定,超过治疗延迟的临界值后,可能就很难控制疾病了。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal control of Volterra integral equations of third kind using Krall–Laguerre Polynomials 利用克拉尔-拉盖尔多项式实现 Volterra 第三类积分方程的优化控制
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100473
Elham Hashemizadeh , Asiyeh Ebrahimzadeh

A novel method has been introduced to dissolve optimal control problems in systems governed by third-kind Volterra integral equations. This method utilizes Krall–Laguerre Polynomials as a basis function for expanding functions. By transforming the optimal control problem governed by third-kind Volterra integral equations (OCVIE3k) into a nonlinear programming problem (NLP), the solution process is significantly simplified. This approach involves converting the original problem into a more manageable form, which can be solved using established optimization techniques. The effectiveness and reliability of this proposed method are evaluated by comparing its outcomes to exact solutions when available.

在第三类 Volterra 积分方程支配的系统中,引入了一种新方法来解决最优控制问题。该方法利用 Krall-Laguerre 多项式作为扩展函数的基函数。通过将受第三类 Volterra 积分方程(OCVIE3k)支配的最优控制问题转化为非线性编程问题(NLP),求解过程大大简化。这种方法涉及将原始问题转换为更易于管理的形式,从而可以使用成熟的优化技术来解决。通过将其结果与可用的精确解进行比较,评估了所建议方法的有效性和可靠性。
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引用次数: 0
A nonlinear fractional fishery resource system model with Crowley–Martin functional response under Mittag-Leffler kernel Mittag-Leffler 核下具有 Crowley-Martin 功能响应的非线性分数渔业资源系统模型
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100461
Munkaila Dasumani , Stephen E. Moore , Duncan K. Gathungu , Boubacar Diallo

This article studies the action of predators and the predator-dependent functional response in the fishery resource model. We employ the Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo fractional derivative to study the proposed fractional fishery resource model in the presence of predators with Crowley–Martin functional response. We present a theoretical and numerical analysis of the governing nonlinear differential equations of the model consisting of the biomass density of the fish population inside the unrestricted fishing zone, the biomass density of the fish population inside the reserve or restricted fishing zone, and the predator population. Using the fixed point theory and nonlinear analysis, we establish the existence and uniqueness results of the proposed ABC fractional fishery resource model. We establish stability analysis of the fishery model using the Ulam–Hyers stability approach. The numerical scheme of the fractional Adams–Bashforth method is provided and the approximate solutions for the model under consideration are given and discussed. We observe that an increase in the fish capturing rates increases the size of the predator population and reduces the fish subpopulations. To maintain a high number of fish species, we recommend a control measure to reduce the fish capturing rate by the predators.

本文研究了渔业资源模型中捕食者的作用和捕食者依赖的功能响应。我们采用 Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo 分数导数研究了所提出的存在捕食者且具有 Crowley-Martin 功能响应的分数渔业资源模型。我们对该模型的非线性微分方程进行了理论和数值分析,这些方程包括非限制捕鱼区内鱼类种群的生物量密度、保护区或限制捕鱼区内鱼类种群的生物量密度以及捕食者种群。利用定点理论和非线性分析,我们建立了所提出的 ABC 部分渔业资源模型的存在性和唯一性结果。我们利用 Ulam-Hyers 稳定性方法建立了渔业模型的稳定性分析。提供了分数 Adams-Bashforth 方法的数值方案,并给出和讨论了所考虑模型的近似解。我们发现,鱼类捕获率的提高会增加捕食者种群的规模,并减少鱼类亚种群。为了保持较高的鱼类物种数量,我们建议采取控制措施,降低捕食者的鱼类捕获率。
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引用次数: 0
Mathematical model and analysis for within-host dynamics of the malaria parasite infection with optimal control strategies 疟原虫感染宿主内动态数学模型和分析与优化控制策略
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rico.2024.100470
Jemal Muhammed Ahmed , Getachew Teshome Tilahun , Shambel Tedesse Degefa

This study develops and analyzes the within-host dynamics of malaria parasite infection with optimal control strategies. We considered both the blood and liver stages of the malaria infection, taking into account the immunological response against the infection. The basic reproduction number, which indicates the potential spread of the parasite is evaluated. The parasite-free equilibrium point is locally and globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction is less than a unit. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the invention rate of red blood cells and the average number of merozoites per rupture infected red blood cell are the most influential parameters of the model. Furthermore, to investigate the most effective measurement of malaria parasite infection, we performed the optimal control strategies. The pre-erythrocytic vaccine, blood-stage vaccine, primary tissue schizontocides, blood schizontocides, and gametocytocidal drugs are incorporated as control measures. The controls are implemented to minimize the infected hepatocytes, infected red blood cells, gametocytes, and merozoites in the human host, as well as the associated costs. Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle is applied to establish optimal control strategies against infected red blood cells, infected hepatocytes, and malaria parasites. Several simulation situations are conducted to assess the analytical results and determine the effective control intervention measures. The results indicate that administering all four controls simultaneously would eradicate the prevalence of malaria infection in the human host.

本研究利用最优控制策略开发并分析了疟原虫感染的宿主内动态。我们考虑了疟疾感染的血液和肝脏两个阶段,同时考虑了针对感染的免疫反应。基本繁殖数表明寄生虫的潜在传播能力,我们对其进行了评估。当基本繁殖数小于一个单位时,无寄生虫平衡点在局部和全局上都是渐近稳定的。敏感性分析表明,红细胞的发明率和每个破裂感染红细胞的平均子虫数量是模型中影响最大的参数。此外,为了研究最有效的疟原虫感染测量方法,我们采用了最优控制策略。红细胞前疫苗、血期疫苗、初级组织裂殖体杀虫剂、血液裂殖体杀虫剂和杀配子体药物被纳入控制措施。实施这些控制措施的目的是最大限度地减少人类宿主体内受感染的肝细胞、受感染的红细胞、配子细胞和裂殖子,并降低相关成本。庞特里亚金最小原则被用于建立针对受感染红细胞、受感染肝细胞和疟原虫的最佳控制策略。通过几种模拟情况来评估分析结果,并确定有效的控制干预措施。结果表明,同时实施所有四种控制措施将根除人类宿主的疟疾感染率。
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引用次数: 0
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Results in Control and Optimization
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