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THE SOUND CORRESPONDENCE OF TEOCHEW, HAKKA, AND CANTONESE 潮州话、客家话和广东话的语音对应
Pub Date : 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.14710/humanika.v27i2.33140
Sherly Novita, D. Widayati, B. Tarigan
This research is based on a theory in Historical Comparative Linguistics. This theory is also called a diachronic theory, which involves the analysis of the form and regularity of changes in common languages such as those accompanied by sound changes. The objects of the research are Teochew (TC), Hakka (HK), and Cantonese (CO) dialects used in Medan city. These three dialects are categorized into the Sino-Tibetan family. Sino-Tibetan (ST) as one of the largest language families in the world, with more first-language speakers than even Indo-Europeans, is having more than 1.1 billion speakers of Sinitic (the Chinese dialects) constitute the world's largest speech community. According to STEDT (Sino-Tibetan Etymological Dictionary and Thesaurus), Chinese is considered as a Sino-Tibetan language family. The research method used is the qualitative method. The data collection method and technique used to refer to the conversation method with the techniques of recording and writing. The data were analyzed using the qualitative method of glottochronology. The result of the research shows that TC, HK, and CO were related in terms of sound correspondences and were separated thousands of years ago. TC and HK were related and both corresponded identically one similar vowel, one similar consonant, and one different phoneme, and one similar syllable. TC and CO were related and both corresponded to one similar vowel, one similar vocalic cluster, one similar consonant, and one different phoneme, and one similar syllable. HK and CO were related and both corresponded identically, one similar vowel, one similar consonant, one different phoneme, one different vocalic cluster, and one similar syllable. From all the findings and discussion in this research, the writer has concluded that HK and CO are the closest dialects among the three compared dialects.
本研究以历史比较语言学中的一个理论为基础。这一理论也被称为历时理论,它涉及对普通语言变化的形式和规律的分析,例如伴随声音变化的语言。研究对象为棉兰市使用的潮州方言、客家方言和广东方言。这三种方言都属于汉藏语系。汉藏语系(ST)作为世界上最大的语系之一,其第一语言使用者甚至超过印欧语系,拥有超过11亿的汉语使用者(中国方言),构成了世界上最大的语言社区。根据《汉藏语源辞典》,汉语被认为是汉藏语系。研究方法采用定性方法。数据收集的方法和技术,指的是与记录和书写技术相结合的对话方法。采用声门年代学定性方法对数据进行分析。研究结果表明,TC、HK、CO具有较强的对应性,早在数千年前就已分离。TC和HK是相关的,它们都对应一个相似的元音,一个相似的辅音,一个不同的音素和一个相似的音节。TC和CO是相关的,它们都对应一个相似的元音,一个相似的元音簇,一个相似的辅音,一个不同的音素和一个相似的音节。“HK”和“CO”是相互关联的,并且两者的对应是相同的,一个相似的元音,一个相似的辅音,一个不同的音素,一个不同的声团和一个相似的音节。从本研究的所有发现和讨论中,笔者得出结论,香港和CO是三种比较方言中最接近的方言。
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引用次数: 0
ACTIVE INTERFERENCE OF STUDENTS OF TOURISM DEPARTMENT, STATE POLYTECHNIC OF BALI IN JAPANESE LANGUAGE LEARNING 巴厘国立理工学院旅游系学生对日语学习的主动干预
Pub Date : 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.14710/humanika.v27i2.33560
Harisal Harisal, Kanah Kanah
In studying Japanese, interference is so highlighted because language interference is the most conspicuous source of error among Japanese language learners in the Department of Tourism of the State Polytechnic of Bali. This study aims to describe the type of active interference that arises in students of the Department of Tourism, State Polytechnic of Bali who study Japanese and mentions the factors of active interference. The method used is a qualitative approach to the type of research is descriptive research. The data collected in this study is not in the form of numbers but comes from percentages, field notes, personal documents, notes, memos, and other official documents so that the purpose of this qualitative research is to describe the empirical reality behind the phenomenon in-depth, detailed, and complete. Called descriptive because this study seeks to describe the type of active interference that arises in students of the tourism department, State Polytechnic of Bali. The population in this study were all students majoring in Tourism who came from three study programs who were studying Japanese. While the sample in this study was second-semester students of Hospitality study class D totaling 33 people and class E totaling 34 people, and second-semester students of programs Study of Tourism Business Management class B amounted to 34 people who were taken intentionally (purposive) from 12 classes in three study programs in Tourism department. Based on research, students of the Tourism Department, State Polytechnic of Bali showed a tendency to make an active interference in the lexical field, such as active interference of nouns, verbs, and adjectives. They namely deliberately and consciously incorporating elements of mother language and Indonesian when learning Japanese because of limited dictions, Use of Japanese vocabulary without knowing the function, and the mother tongue / Indonesian language which has taken root.
在日语学习中,干扰之所以如此突出,是因为语言干扰是巴厘岛国立理工学院旅游系日语学习者最明显的错误来源。本研究旨在描述巴厘岛州立理工学院旅游系学习日语的学生中出现的主动干扰类型,并提到主动干扰的因素。所采用的方法是定性方法,研究类型是描述性研究。本研究收集的数据不是数字形式,而是来自百分比、实地笔记、个人文件、笔记、备忘录和其他官方文件,因此本定性研究的目的是深入、详细、完整地描述现象背后的经验现实。之所以称为描述性,是因为本研究试图描述巴厘岛州立理工学院旅游系学生中出现的主动干扰类型。本研究的研究对象均为来自三个日语学习项目的旅游专业学生。本研究的样本为酒店管理研究D班下学期学生33人,E班下学期学生34人,旅游企业管理研究B班下学期学生34人,他们是在旅游系三个学习项目的12个班级中有意(有目的)抽取的。根据研究,巴厘岛州立理工学院旅游系的学生在词汇领域表现出主动干涉的倾向,如名词、动词和形容词的主动干涉。他们在学习日语时,由于词汇有限,使用日语词汇而不知道其功能,以及母语/印尼语已经扎根,因此刻意有意识地将母语和印尼语的元素结合起来。
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引用次数: 0
Education 4.0: Pergeseran pendidikan sebagai konsekuensi revolusi industri 4.0 教育4.0:教育转变是工业革命的结果
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.21831/hum.v20i1.29290
Elisabeth Pratidhina
Industrial Revolution 4.0 is changing how we live, work, and communicate. The education field should develop to adapt to the revolutionary changes that happen in the world recently. Industrial revolution 4.0 makes shifted paradigm in education. Education 4.0 is the desired approach to learning that aligns itself with the emerging fourth industrial revolution. It brings up the well-known educational concepts such as self-directed learning and long-life learning. This paper discuss shifting educational theory in Education 4.0 and the phenomenon of the emerging new education technology which attempts to fill the need for self-directed learning dan long-life learning.
工业革命4.0正在改变我们的生活、工作和交流方式。教育领域应该发展以适应最近世界上发生的革命性变化。工业革命4.0使教育范式发生转变。教育4.0是与新兴的第四次工业革命相一致的理想学习方式。它提出了众所周知的教育理念,如自主学习和终身学习。本文讨论了教育4.0时代教育理论的转变,以及新教育技术的兴起,这种新教育技术试图满足人们对自主学习和终身学习的需求。
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引用次数: 7
MAKNA ORNAMEN RUMAH GADANG MINANGKABAU: KAJIAN SEMANTIK 语义支出
Pub Date : 2020-10-29 DOI: 10.14710/humanika.v27i2.32594
Mayang Putri Shalika, R. Sibarani, Eddy Setia
This study aims to inventory of the textual naming process ornaments of rumah gadang. This study used the interactive analysis model of Miles, Hurberman, and Saldana. Data obtained from in-depth interviews, role observation and documentation. The condensed data were analyzed using the Sudrajat concept and seen from its cultural meaning using the Abdullah concept. The ornaments are named as follows: Siriah Gadang ‘sirih besar’ , Lumuik Hanyuik ‘lumut hanyut’, Aka Cino Saganggang ‘akar cina seganggang’ , Pucuak Rabuang ‘ pucuk rebung’, Jalo Taserak ‘jala tersebar’, Saluak Laka ‘ jalinan lidi atau rotan’, Lapiah Batang Jarami ‘ lapis batang jerami’, Labah Mangirok ‘lebah mengirap’, Itiak Pulang Patang ‘itik pulang petang’, Tupai Managun ‘tupai tertegun’, Tatandu Manyasok Bungo ‘ulat menghisap bunga’, Kaluak Paku ‘tumbuhan pakis’, Pisang Sasikek ‘pisang seikat’, Buah Palo Bapatah ‘buah pala patah’ , Aka Barayun ‘akar berayun’, Saik Galamai ‘potongan wajik’, Carano Kanso ‘ tempat untuk meletakkan sirih, pinang dan gambir’, Tangguak Lamah ‘tangguk lemah’ , Si Kambang Manih ‘si bunga manis’ , Sajamba Makan ‘makan berjamba’. The cultural meaning of the twenty names of the Minangkabau rumah gadang ornaments are all about the meaning of human being and its relations to the social life.
本研究旨在对嘎当民居装饰物的命名过程进行考证。本研究采用Miles、Hurberman和Saldana的交互分析模型。从深入访谈、角色观察和文件中获得的数据。使用Sudrajat概念对浓缩数据进行分析,并使用Abdullah概念从其文化含义来看。这些饰品的名称如下:Managun Tupai“被勒死的松鼠”,Tatandu Manyasok Bungo“蠕虫吸花”,Kaluak Paku“pakis植物”,Sasikek Pisang“绑香蕉”,Palo Bapatah Fruit“味觉断裂”,Aka Barayun“摆动的根”,Saik Galamai“wajik cut”,Carano Kanso“放置行、箭头和图片的地方”,Lamb Tangguak“弱柄”,甜美的山羊,甜美的花朵,萨贾巴吃核桃。米南卡巴屋嘎当饰品二十个名字的文化意义都是关于人的意义及其与社会生活的关系。
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引用次数: 0
AN ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE CHOICE OF INTERETHNIC MARRIAGE DYAK-MADURESE COUPLES 跨民族婚姻死亡夫妇的语言选择分析
Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.14710/humanika.v27i1.29750
Riski Amrina Sari
This research explained the choice of language for Dyak-Madurese couples with interethnic marriage. In this research there are the aims of the research, this research aims to investigate the language choice used by interethnic marriage Dyak-Madurese families and to investigate the factors affecting language choice of interethnic marriage Dyak-Madurese couples. The method of this research was descriptive qualitative research. The researcher selected three families of Dyak-Madurese interethnic marriage as participants to achieve the aim of the research. The data were obtained by observing and interviewing. The results of this research have shown that interethnic marriage families Dyak-Madurese prefer the Indonesia language as their first language and are commonly used in everyday contact at the home domain. This research found that the children of the third family preferred a different language when interacting with their father, he preferred the Madura language, but he also uses the Indonesia language when communicating with his parents. The finding also showed that interethnic marriage Dyak-Madurese families use the Indonesia language in another domain such as neighborhood domain and with friends. The research also found that the children of the first and second families from interethnic marriage families were unable to speak the ethnic language, it has caused the younger children not to be taught the ethnic language. The children of the third family can speak Madura language because the father taught him the Madura language. In data there are three factors affecting language choice in interethnic marriage Dyak-Madurese couples, they are the participant, social context, the function of the language. Based on the research the interethnic marriage Dyak-Madurese families show a negative attitude toward their ethnic language, but the father of the third family has a positive attitude.
这项研究解释了Dyak Madurese跨种族婚姻夫妇的语言选择。本研究的目的是调查跨种族婚姻的戴克-马都雷家庭的语言选择,并调查影响跨种族婚姻戴克-马都雷夫妇语言选择的因素。本研究采用描述性定性研究方法。为了达到研究目的,研究人员选择了三个Dyak Madurese族际婚姻家庭作为参与者。数据是通过观察和访谈获得的。这项研究的结果表明,跨种族婚姻家庭Dyak Madurese更喜欢印尼语作为他们的第一语言,并且在家庭日常接触中经常使用。这项研究发现,第三家庭的孩子在与父亲互动时更喜欢不同的语言,他更喜欢马杜拉语,但在与父母沟通时也使用印尼语。研究结果还表明,Dyak Madurese的跨种族婚姻家庭在另一个领域使用印尼语,如邻里领域和朋友。研究还发现,来自跨民族婚姻家庭的第一和第二家庭的孩子不会说民族语言,这导致年幼的孩子没有被教授民族语言。第三个家庭的孩子会说马杜拉语,因为父亲教他马杜拉语言。在数据中,影响跨种族婚姻中语言选择的因素有三个:参与者、社会背景和语言功能。研究表明,Dyak Madurese家族的跨民族婚姻对其民族语言表现出消极的态度,而第三家庭的父亲则表现出积极的态度。
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引用次数: 0
SPIRITUAL VALUE OF ALTHUSSER AND IDEOLOGICAL GRAMSCY HEGEMONY ANALYSIS 阿尔都塞的精神价值与意识形态葛兰西霸权分析
Pub Date : 2020-06-11 DOI: 10.14710/humanika.v27i1.28812
M. A. Ghazalba
This study is a literature that is entirely derived from written sources. Sholawat or Singir become the object of research material, The focus of this study is the spiritual values and the ideology contained in sholawat, analysis using the theoryAlthusser and Gramsci's ideological hegemony, Ideology contained in shoalawat namely 1)persuasive,2) Identity, 3) Reward and 4) Punishment, While the spiritual values that exist inside sholawat namely 1)To the praise of the Prophet Muhammad, 2) Birth of the Prophet SAW, 3) Phoenix Prophet Muhammad, 4) Glory Qur'an and praise for, 5) Ascension of the Prophet Muhammad, and 6) Tawassul To the Prophet Muhammad.
这项研究是一篇完全来源于书面资料的文献。肖拉瓦特或辛格成为研究材料的对象,本研究的重点是肖拉瓦特所包含的精神价值观和意识形态,运用理论分析阿瑟和葛兰西的意识形态霸权,肖拉瓦特包含的意识形态即1)说服性,2)同一性,3)奖励和4)惩罚,而sholawat内部存在的精神价值观,即1)赞美先知穆罕默德,2)先知SAW的诞生,3)凤凰先知穆罕默德,4)荣耀古兰经和赞美,5)先知穆罕默德的升天,6)Tawassul赞美先知穆罕默德。
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引用次数: 0
MORAL VALUES IN HAYAO MIYAZAKI’S SPIRITED AWAY: A SOCIOLOGY OF LITERATURE APPROACH 宫崎骏《千与千寻》中的道德价值:文学社会学视角
Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.14710/humanika.v27i1.30548
Fajria Noviana
Moral is what guides human to act humanly. That is why moral education should be taught as early as possible in order to make a society that upholds moral values. This paper focused on moral values of the Japanese that can be seen in Miyazaki’s anime entitled Spirited Away. The moral values discussed in this paper are based on Japanese moral education for elementary school level, which divided into four groups of desirable habits. They are matters belonging to oneself, relationship of self to other persons, matters related chiefly to nature and sublime things, and matters concerning the group and society. The determination of this level is due to the behavior of the main character named Chihiro who was an elementary school student, which is used as a guide to discussing moral values consisted in the anime. The conclusion is that the Japanese government has succeeded in giving moral education in elementary school, at least in this anime. Chihiro's actions are proof that she acts and reacts as what she taught in Japanese elementary school. She did exactly the same with recommended traits in the four groups of desirable habits, although she sometimes broke the rules which was natural for human being, especially for kids. Therefore, we can say that well-structured Japanese moral education can be used in much wider place; not only in Japan but also in other countries.
道德是指导人类行为合乎人性的东西。这就是为什么道德教育应该尽早进行,以建立一个维护道德价值观的社会。本文主要探讨宫崎骏动画《千与千寻》中所体现的日本人的道德价值观。本文所讨论的道德价值观是基于日本小学阶段的道德教育,分为四组可取的习惯。它们是属于自己的事情,是自己与他人的关系,是主要与自然和崇高事物有关的事情,是与群体和社会有关的事情。这一水平的确定是由于主角千寻是一名小学生的行为,这被用作讨论动漫中道德价值观的指南。结论是,日本政府成功地在小学进行了道德教育,至少在这部动画中是这样。千寻的行为证明了她的行为和反应与她在日本小学所教的一样。她在四组理想习惯中推荐的特征上做了完全相同的事情,尽管她有时会打破人类的自然规律,尤其是对孩子来说。因此,我们可以说,结构良好的日本道德教育可以应用于更广泛的地方;不仅在日本,在其他国家也是如此。
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引用次数: 1
Front 前面
Pub Date : 2020-02-12 DOI: 10.21831/hum.v19i1.30062
Syukri Fathudin Achmad Widodo
Halaman awal hingga daftar isi
要填充列表的初始页面
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引用次数: 0
REPRESENTASI DRAG QUEEN PADA TOKOH AMBU DALAM UPACARA ADAT MAPAG PANGANTEN SUNDA 皇后在MAPAG PANGANTEN SUNDA的部落仪式上对AMBU人物的DRAG表象
Pub Date : 2019-12-09 DOI: 10.14710/humanika.v26i2.23940
A. Kurniawan, Aquarini Priyatna, Teddi Muhtadin
 Artikel ini berjudul representasi drag queen pada tokoh ambu dalam upacara adat mapag panganten Sunda. Artikel ini membicarakan bagaimana tubuh laki-laki menampilkan diri sebagai perempuan dalam sosok tokoh ambu ditampilkan dalam upacara adat mapag panganten Sunda dan bagaimana praktik drag queen dalam upacara adat mapag panganten mewujud dalam berbagai sosok tokoh ambu. Praktik ini juga dapat diargumentasikan sebagai upaya mengekspresikan hasrat gender non-normatif para pelaku ambu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif melalui pendekatan kualitatif terhadap lima pelaku ambu. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, studi literatur dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini berargumentasi bahwa tokoh ambu yang dimanifestasi oleh tubuh laki-laki menampilkan bentuk-bentuk ekspresi gender yang lebih beragam dan melintasi konstruksi gender yang normatif. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengkategorisasi wujud tokoh ambu dalam upacara adat mapag panganten dalam tiga kelompok: karakter cantik, karakter nenek-nenek dan karakter fantasi. Kata kunci : Drag queen;  upacara adat; pelaku ambu
这篇文章的题目是在mapag panganten Sunda的部落仪式上,ambu人物drag queen的代表。这篇文章讨论了ambu的男性身体如何以女性的形象出现在传统仪式中,以及drag queen在传统仪式中是如何以各种角色出现的。这种做法也可以被认为是为了表达ambu对非正规性性别的欲望。本研究采用的方法是一种通过定性方法对五个安布人进行描述的方法。数据收集是用观察技术、采访、文献研究和文献进行的。这项研究认为,由男性表现出来的ambu表现出更多样化的性别表达形式,并与规范性别结构相冲突。此外,这项研究还将ambu人物的角色分为三组:美丽人物、祖母角色和幻想人物。关键词:拖动女王;习俗仪式;安布者
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引用次数: 1
INTERJECTIONS IN SEMARANGAN JAVANESE: A SOCIOPRAGMATIC APPROACH 爪哇语中的感叹词:一种社会语用方法
Pub Date : 2019-12-03 DOI: 10.14710/humanika.v26i2.22184
R. A. Nugroho, Nina Setyaningsih
Interjections are widely applied in Javanese dialect and they characterize particular functions, especially in spoken communication. However, with the growth of economic, urbanization, and associated area depopulation, dialect anomaly will lead to two ways: first, a community will be vulnerable as dynamic urbanization occurs; second, its linguistic characteristic will lead to “linguistic salad-bowl” as the result of “linguistic melting-pots”. Therefore, it is important to study dialects before they disappear in certain areas. In addition, there is relatively little research that has been done on Semarangan Javanese in the area of interjections, as supported by Jovanović (2004), who claims that “Interjections, as one of the marginal and perhaps least discussed upon classes of words”. Semarangan Javanese has some distinct characteristics in its spoken form, especially in its lexical divergence. Consequently, different interjections appear. This research aims to discuss Semarangan Javanese interjections, in terms of the sociopragmatic function applied by Semarangan Javanese speakers in a certain communication context. The researchers applied Jovanović’s interjections classification as the basis of this research. Field research method was used to gather the data by conducting direct observation to research participants. Semarangan Javanese interjections can be explored into three components, namely form, position, and meaning. Based on the findings, the form of Semarangan Javanese interjections are realized from phonological, morphological, and semantic occurrences. These interjections are also recognized in the initial, final, and independent positions. Such variety of meanings from the interjections can be indicated through several contexts that take place in the communication.
感叹词在爪哇方言中有着广泛的应用,它们具有特殊的功能,尤其是在口语交际中。然而,随着经济的增长、城市化和相关地区人口的减少,方言异常将导致两种方式:首先,随着动态城市化的发生,社区将变得脆弱;第二,它的语言特性将导致“语言大熔炉”的“语言沙拉碗”。因此,在方言在某些地区消失之前对其进行研究是很重要的。此外,正如Jovanović(2004)所支持的那样,在感叹词领域对Semarangan爪哇语的研究相对较少,他声称“感叹词是边缘的,可能是讨论最少的词类之一”。爪哇语在口语形式上有一些明显的特点,特别是在词汇差异上。因此,出现了不同的感叹词。本研究旨在从讲爪哇语的人在特定交际语境中所运用的社会语用功能的角度来探讨爪哇语的感叹词。研究人员将约万诺维奇的感叹词分类作为本研究的基础。采用实地调查的方法,通过对研究参与者进行直接观察来收集数据。爪哇语的Semarangan感叹词可以分为三个部分,即形式、位置和意义。基于这些发现,Semarangan爪哇语感叹词的形式是从语音、形态和语义的出现中实现的。这些感叹词在开头、结尾和独立的位置也被识别。感叹词的这种意义的多样性可以通过交际中发生的几个语境来表达。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Humanika Kajian Ilmiah Mata Kuliah Umum
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