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Prescription of the Decedent’s Debts, Dating From the Time of Old Austrian Civil Code From 1811 (ABGB) in Slovenia and Croatia 斯洛文尼亚和克罗地亚从 1811 年《奥地利旧民法典》(ABGB)时代起对死者债务的规定
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.3935/zpfz.73.6.01
Nana Weber
The establishment of the first Yugoslav state in 1918 was, from a legal point of view, the merger of six quite different legal traditions into one common state formation, and did not bring with it immediate legal unification, which was most evident in the field of civil law. Austrian Civil Code (ABGB) of 1811, as an interesting and endurable sub-type of transnational law, governed almost exclusively, with minimal differences, civil law in most of the territory of the present-day Slovenia and Croatia. Its legal rules survived the Second World War and were applied well into the late 1970s, in part even until the enactment of the new Slovene Code of Obligations in 2002 and the Croatian Obligations Act in 2005. However, since ABGB as a source of law has never been definitively abrogated, its legal rules are still applicable for deciding disputes in both countries, even in the case of the liability of heirs for the deceased’s debts, if the related contract of delivery was concluded as far back as 1960.
从法律的角度来看,1918 年第一个南斯拉夫国家的建立是将六个迥然不同的法律传统合并为一个共同的国家,但并没有立即带来法律上的统一,这在民法领域表现得最为明显。1811 年的《奥地利民法典》(ABGB)是跨国法律中一个有趣且可持续的子类型,它几乎只管辖现今斯洛文尼亚和克罗地亚大部分领土上的民法,差异极小。其法律规则经历了第二次世界大战,并一直沿用到 20 世纪 70 年代末,部分甚至一直沿用到 2002 年颁布新的《斯洛文尼亚债务法》和 2005 年颁布《克罗地亚债务法》。然而,由于《斯洛文尼亚债务法》作为法律渊源从未被明确废除,其法律规则仍适用于裁决两国的争端,甚至在继承人对死者债务的责任方面,如果相关交付合同早在 1960 年就已订立。
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引用次数: 0
Review: International Memorial Course Marko Petrak “Roman Legal Tradition and Contemporary Legal Systems”, Dubrovnik, 16-18 October 2023 回顾:Marko Petrak "罗马法律传统与当代法律体系 "国际纪念课程,杜布罗夫尼克,2023 年 10 月 16-18 日
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.3935/zpfz.73.4.07
Henrik-Rko Held
The first issue of the International Memorial Course Marko Petrak – Roman Legal Tradition and Contemporary Legal Systems, organised by the Faculty of Law in Zagreb, was held at the Inter-University Centre in Dubrovnik from the 16th to 18th of October 2023. The course was organised in honour and memory of eminent professor and scholar, the late lamented Marko Petrak. The course was planned by the co-directors from different European universities (University of Zagreb; University of Trento; University of Warsaw; Jagiellonian University, Kraków; Autonomous University of Barcelona; University of Sarajevo), while the main organisers from the Faculty of Law in Zagreb were Professor Tomislav Karlović and Associate Professor Henrik-Riko Held. The course was attended by forty participants: students from various European countries (Slovenia, Poland, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Italy, etc.) and eminent professors and scholars from various distinguished European universities and institutions (e.g. Trento, Torino, Ferrara, Macerata, Frankfurt am Main, Kraków, Warsaw, Ljubljana, etc.). The organizers and the participants were also joined by Marko Petrak’s mother, Professor Jelka Petrak (Faculty of Medicine, University of Zagreb). During the course various topics were covered in three thematic blocks: Roman Legal Tradition, Methodology and Teaching of Roman Law in Contemporary World (first day), Roman Legal Issues (first and second day) and Medieval and Canon Law Contributions to the Roman Legal Tradition and vice versa (third day).
2023 年 10 月 16 日至 18 日,萨格勒布法学院在杜布罗夫尼克大学间中心举办了第一期 "马尔科-彼得拉克--罗马法律传统与当代法律体系 "国际纪念课程。该课程是为纪念已故著名教授和学者马尔科-佩特拉克(Marko Petrak)而举办的。课程由来自欧洲不同大学(萨格勒布大学、特伦托大学、华沙大学、克拉科夫雅盖隆大学、巴塞罗那自治大学和萨拉热窝大学)的共同主任策划,而萨格勒布法学院的主要组织者是 Tomislav Karlović 教授和 Henrik-Riko Held 副教授。参加培训班的有 40 名学员:来自欧洲各国(斯洛文尼亚、波兰、克罗地亚、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那、意大利等)的学生和来自欧洲各著名大学和机构(如特伦托、都灵、费拉拉、马切拉塔、美因河畔法兰克福、克拉科夫、华沙、卢布尔雅那等)的知名教授和学者。Marko Petrak 的母亲 Jelka Petrak 教授(萨格勒布大学医学院)也加入了组织者和学员的行列。在课程期间,三个主题板块涵盖了各种主题:罗马法律传统、当代世界的罗马法教学方法(第一天)、罗马法律问题(第一天和第二天)以及中世纪和教会法对罗马法律传统的贡献(第三天)。
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引用次数: 0
The Property Rights of the Church in the Roman Empire 罗马帝国教会的财产权
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.3935/zpfz.73.4.03
Pál Sáry
The present paper deals with the legal capacity and especially the property rights of the growing Christian communities and church institutions within the Roman Empire from the beginning to the Justinianic era. In the beginning, the believers’ charitable donations became the property of the bishops. Later, when the local Christian communities became legal persons, the property of the bishops was separated from the property of the congregations. The local churches could already own real estate before 313. After 313, the legal capacity of the Catholic congregations was confirmed. Later, following the example of local churches, monasteries and finally charitable institutions also became legal entities. Charitable houses were also personal associations and not foundations; independent foundations – similarly to the rules of classical Roman law – did not exist in Justinianic law. The edicts of the Christian emperors greatly facilitated the acquisition of property by local churches, monasteries and charitable institutions. Furthermore, a number of legal rules were made for the special protection of ecclesiastical property.
本文论述的是罗马帝国初期至查士丁尼时代不断壮大的基督教团体和教会机构的法律行为能力,特别是其财产权。起初,信徒的慈善捐款成为主教的财产。后来,当当地的基督教团体成为法人时,主教的财产就与教徒的财产分开了。在 313 年之前,地方教会已经可以拥有不动产。313 年后,天主教会的法人资格得到确认。后来,继地方教会之后,修道院和慈善机构也成为了法人实体。慈善机构也是个人协会,而不是基金会;查士丁尼法律中不存在独立的基金会,这与古典罗马法的规则相似。基督教皇帝的诏令为地方教会、修道院和慈善机构获得财产提供了极大的便利。此外,还为教会财产的特殊保护制定了许多法律规则。
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引用次数: 0
The Idea of Obligation in Polish Law 波兰法律中的义务概念
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.3935/zpfz.73.4.01
Wojciech Dajczak
In Western legal tradition jurisdictions, the transition from the Roman idea of obligatio to the doctrine of the legally binding relationship was not a universal process. Anglo-Saxon lawyers discuss contract and tort theories separately. Different doctrines have emerged from the development of the theory of the legally binding relationship in the Civil Law Tradition. This article shows how this process has played out in the Polish legal discussion. The specific premises of the Polish legal experience were that applied Roman law had little influence in Poland until the end of the 18th century, Austrian law served as the foundation for the development of the Polish doctrine of the legally binding relationship, the Polish Code of Obligations of 1933 replaced French, Austrian, German and Russian law on Polish territories, and the development of the Polish theory of private law after WWII was influenced by the dominance of Marxist theory. Consequently, the Polish legal experience provides a particular perspective on the premises supporting or blocking the relationship between the doctrine of legally binding relationships and social reality.
在西方法律传统的司法管辖区,从罗马人的义务思想过渡到具有法律约束力的关系理论并不是一个普遍的过程。盎格鲁-撒克逊律师分别讨论合同理论和侵权理论。在民法传统中,法律约束关系理论的发展产生了不同的学说。本文展示了这一过程在波兰法律讨论中的表现。波兰法律经验的具体前提是:直到 18 世纪末,适用的罗马法在波兰的影响很小;奥地利法是波兰法律拘束关系理论发展的基础;1933 年的《波兰债务法典》取代了波兰领土上的法国、奥地利、德国和俄国法律;二战后波兰私法理论的发展受到了马克思主义理论主导地位的影响。因此,波兰的法律经验为支持或阻碍具有法律约束力的关系理论与社会现实之间关系的前提提供了一个特殊的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Private Enforcement of EU State Aid Rules: Is There Any Room for National Procedural Autonomy Left? 欧盟国家援助规则的私人执行:国家程序自治还有余地吗?
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.3935/zpfz.73.4.02
Denis Baghrizabehi, Aleš Ferčič
This article deals with the private enforcement of EU State aid rules in national civil proceedings. This kind of enforcement proved to be highly challenging for national judges, particularly those who ignore the limits of the principle of national procedural autonomy. Since the full understanding of those limits is crucial (also) for private enforcement activities, we focus on the principle of the effectiveness of EU law which, when interpreted and applied correctly, most intensively limits national procedural autonomy. In fact, it is questionable if Member States and their courts and judges enjoy a real or genuine autonomy in the discussed field. For this reason, the article first sets the scene by discussing the fundamental legal concepts and principles as being essential for the private enforcement of EU State aid rules in national civil litigious proceedings, and the interplay between private and public enforcement proceedings. The public enforcement case law is used as a benchmark or guide when dealing with open questions of private enforcement. The article offers a careful analysis of selected legal challenges related to remedies and res judicata, which clearly reveal the limits of the principle of national procedural autonomy as mostly set by the principle of effectiveness of EU law. Finally, the main findings of the article are considered in order to answer the core research question; namely, is there any room left for national procedural autonomy (also) in case of private enforcement of EU State aid rules in proceedings before national civil courts?
本文论述了在国家民事诉讼中私下执行欧盟国家援助规则的问题。事实证明,这种执行对国家法官来说极具挑战性,尤其是那些忽视国家程序自治原则限制的法官。由于充分理解这些限制对私人执行活动也至关重要,我们将重点放在欧盟法律的有效性原则上,该原则在得到正确理解和适用的情况下,对国家程序自治的限制最为严格。事实上,成员国及其法院和法官在所讨论的领域是否享有真正的自治权是值得怀疑的。因此,本文首先讨论了在国家民事诉讼程序中私人执行欧盟国家援助规则所必需的基本法律概念和原则,以及私人执行程序和公共执行程序之间的相互作用。在处理私人执行的未决问题时,以公共执行案例法为基准或指南。文章仔细分析了与救济和既判力有关的部分法律挑战,这些挑战清楚地揭示了国家程序自治原则的局限性,而这一原则主要是由欧盟法律的有效性原则所规定的。最后,文章考虑了主要研究结果,以回答核心研究问题,即在国家民事法庭诉讼程序中私人执行欧盟国家援助规则时,国家程序自治是否还有余地?
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引用次数: 0
Restrictive Interpretation of Exceptions: Identification and Hunt of Ideologies 对例外的限制性解释:意识形态的识别与猎取
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.3935/zpfz.73.4.4
Víctor García Yzaguirre, Hugo Osorio Morales
The objective of this article is to assert that jurists advocating for the restrictive interpretation of exceptions in rules, or exceptions to rules, often do so based on an underlying interpretive ideology. To achieve this goal, we will conduct a metatheoretical analysis of how legal theorists have conceptualized the notions of restrictive interpretation and exception. This analysis aims to demonstrate that, when viewed from this perspective, there is no conceptual relationship between these two notions.
本文旨在断言,主张对规则中的例外或规则的例外进行限制性解释的法学家往往是基于一种潜在的解释意识形态而这样做的。为了实现这一目标,我们将对法律理论家如何将限制性解释和例外概念化进行元理论分析。该分析旨在证明,从这个角度来看,这两个概念之间并不存在概念关系。
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引用次数: 0
Abortion – Political Construct or Moral Issue? 堕胎--政治结构还是道德问题?
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.3935/zpfz.73.4.05
Katarina Peročević
This paper analyzes the history of abortion and factors that influenced the legalization of abortion in Western society. The question is raised whether abortion should, according to its definition as an objective good or evil, be prohibited or legitimized, or will the legal framework on abortion be regulated as a political construct, independently of the objective moral nature of abortion. The possibility of finding the right answer to the abortion debate is analysed. Conclusion is drawn as to whether abortion can be justified by a political goal, or is it a moral issue independent of politics.
本文分析了堕胎的历史以及影响西方社会堕胎合法化的因素。本文提出的问题是,根据堕胎作为一种客观善恶的定义,堕胎应被禁止还是合法化,抑或堕胎的法律框架应作为一种政治建构来规范,而与堕胎的客观道德性质无关。分析了为堕胎辩论找到正确答案的可能性。得出的结论是,堕胎是否可以通过政治目标来证明其合理性,或者它是否是一个独立于政治之外的道德问题。
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引用次数: 0
Review: International Scientific Conference “The Right to Privacy in the Digital Age – In Specific Terms”, Miskolc, 1 December 2022 回顾:国际科学会议 "数字时代的隐私权--具体条款",米什科尔茨,2022 年 12 月 1 日
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.3935/zpfz.73.4.08
Emma Szitás
The University of Miskolc – Central European Academy in partnership with the Ferenc Mádl Institute of Comparative Law, Central-European Association for Comparative Law, Hungarian Association for Comparative Law, Slovak Association for Comparative Law, Scientific Association for Comparative Law Poland, Association for the Advancement of Comparative Law Researches in Serbia, Romanian Association for Comparative Law and the University of Opole on the 1st of December had organized an International Scientific Conference under the title “The Right to Privacy in the Digital Age – in specific terms”. The conference was held in the building of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, which additionally increased the solemnity of the event. The aim of the conference was to present the results of the Central European Professorial Network’s “Right to Privacy” research group through analytical and summary presentations by participating professors and to raise awareness about privacy issues. The research project, “Central European Professorial Network 2022”, involved experts in comparative law from seven Central European countries: the Czech Republic, Croatia, Poland, Hungary, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia.
米什科尔茨大学-中欧学院与费伦茨-马德尔比较法研究所、中欧比较法协会、匈牙利比较法协会、斯洛伐克比较法协会、波兰比较法科学协会、塞尔维亚比较法研究促进协会、罗马尼亚比较法协会和奥波莱大学合作,于 12 月 1 日举办了题为 "数字时代的隐私权--具体而言 "的国际科学会议。会议在匈牙利科学院大楼内举行,这更增加了活动的庄严性。会议的目的是通过与会教授的分析和总结发言,介绍中欧教授网络 "隐私权 "研究小组的成果,并提高人们对隐私问题的认识。中欧教授网络 2022 "研究项目有来自七个中欧国家(捷克共和国、克罗地亚、波兰、匈牙利、塞尔维亚、斯洛伐克和斯洛文尼亚)的比较法专家参与。
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引用次数: 0
Abortion and Reproductive Autonomy: Some Ideas About Differentiated Approaches 堕胎与生育自主权:关于区别对待方法的一些想法
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.3935/zpfz.73.4.06
Natalia Rueda
In law, the debate on the voluntary termination of a pregnancy has not been exempt from the influence of extralegal matters: prejudices, moral and religious beliefs, and political and ideological convictions. Although the focus may be purely on legal aspects, it is subject to multiple subjective interpretations. Consequently, the various constitutional clauses relating to the protection of life (dependent or independent) also serve to support permissive and prohibitionist judicial and legal trends. These two contradictory positions prevent the consideration of the multiple facets of the problem; as a result, it is difficult to obtain a concerted response. Through qualitative research, this paper explores some of the problems related to the traditional approach to abortion. This article highlights some of the barriers to the exercise of abortion rights. It outlines some criteria and methodological tools that could help public officials make decisions and define public policy without stereotypes and guaranteeing women’s human rights. Although at some point access to abortion is recognized, this does not imply that it is an acquired right. On the contrary, it is a right that faces constant risk and threat owing to the influence of the ideological interests.
在法律方面,关于自愿终止妊娠的辩论也无法避免受到法外因素的影响:偏见、道德和宗教信仰,以及政治和意识形态信念。虽然讨论的重点可能纯粹是法律方面的问题,但也会受到多种主观解释的影响。因此,与保护生命(从属或独立)有关的各种宪法条款也起到了支持放任主义和禁止主义司法和法律趋势的作用。这两种相互矛盾的立场阻碍了对问题多方面的考虑;因此,很难获得一致的回应。通过定性研究,本文探讨了与传统堕胎方法相关的一些问题。本文强调了行使堕胎权利的一些障碍。它概述了一些标准和方法工具,这些标准和工具可以帮助政府官员在不带成见的情况下做出决策和制定公共政策,并保障妇女的人权。尽管堕胎权在某些方面得到了承认,但这并不意味着它是一项既得权利。相反,由于意识形态利益的影响,这项权利不断面临风险和威胁。
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引用次数: 0
Specifičnosti radnopravnog položaja direktora 局长职位的具体内容
Q4 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.3935/zpfz.73.23.4
Senad Jašarević
U radu se govori o specifičnostima u radnopravnom položaju direktora. Status ove kategorije nije dovoljno jasno uređen, niti teorijski razjašnjen i razrađen. Uređenje radnog statusa direktora uglavnom se do sada oslanjalo na praksu i pozitivno pravo, u domenu radnog i privrednog prava. Bez jasnog radnopravnog koncepta, radnopravni položaj direktora se razlikuje od zemlje do zemlje, pa i od slučaja do slučaja, što generalno vodi prilično neujednačenom statusu i pravnoj nesigurnosti ovih lica. Budući da se radi o temi koja je nedovoljno izučavana u radnopravnoj literaturi, u ovom radu pokušaćemo da iz radnopravnog ugla jasnije prikažemo i analiziramo datu problematiku.
咨询意见讨论了主任法律地位的特殊性。这一类别的地位没有得到足够明确的规定,在理论上也不清晰明确。Uređenje radnog statusa direktora uglavnom se do sada oslanjalo na praksu i pozitivno pravo, u domenu radnog i privrednog prava.在不同的土地上,辐射政策的适用范围也不尽相同,一般来说,在不同的土地上,辐射政策的适用范围也不尽相同。我们将从辐射文学的角度对这一主题进行研究,并对数据问题进行分析。
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引用次数: 0
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Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta u Zagrebu
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