111 In the summer of 1946, one of the 26,000 British soldiers involved in the administration of the British zone in Germany created a very special object (DHM 2015: 89). The soldier’s name is unknown. He crept and scrambled through the ruins of the former center of National Socialist Germany, staying close to the bunker where Hitler had committed suicide. He collected pieces of the damaged buildings all around. Afterwards he crumbled them into fine, colored dust. Finally, he took a wooden tablet and decorated it with a peacock butterfly made from this powder of Berlin’s ruins. The blue of the butterfly came from the chips of tiles from a delicatessen store on Potsdamer Platz and the red from brick remnants of a building of Wilhelmstrasse, the street where the “Reichskanzlei,” Hitler’s administrative center, had been located. The tablet was made to look like a harmless souvenir. It bears the inscriptions “In memory of summer 1946” and “Made of the rubbish of the ruins of Berlin.” Today, the object is kept in the archives of the Imperial War Museum in London and is currently in Berlin under display in a large exhibition on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the end of the Second World War. Like many pieces of material culture, the British soldier’s butterfly tablet offers insights into the social practices behind the making of the object. In my short commentary, I will argue that this object can provide us with a good opportunity for investigating both the cultural expression and suppression of the undesirable and unbearable.
{"title":"Butterfly from Berlin's Ashes: The Ambiguity of the Cultural Expression of Emotions - a Commentary","authors":"Hubertus Büschel","doi":"10.16995/EE.1172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/EE.1172","url":null,"abstract":"111 In the summer of 1946, one of the 26,000 British soldiers involved in the administration of the British zone in Germany created a very special object (DHM 2015: 89). The soldier’s name is unknown. He crept and scrambled through the ruins of the former center of National Socialist Germany, staying close to the bunker where Hitler had committed suicide. He collected pieces of the damaged buildings all around. Afterwards he crumbled them into fine, colored dust. Finally, he took a wooden tablet and decorated it with a peacock butterfly made from this powder of Berlin’s ruins. The blue of the butterfly came from the chips of tiles from a delicatessen store on Potsdamer Platz and the red from brick remnants of a building of Wilhelmstrasse, the street where the “Reichskanzlei,” Hitler’s administrative center, had been located. The tablet was made to look like a harmless souvenir. It bears the inscriptions “In memory of summer 1946” and “Made of the rubbish of the ruins of Berlin.” Today, the object is kept in the archives of the Imperial War Museum in London and is currently in Berlin under display in a large exhibition on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the end of the Second World War. Like many pieces of material culture, the British soldier’s butterfly tablet offers insights into the social practices behind the making of the object. In my short commentary, I will argue that this object can provide us with a good opportunity for investigating both the cultural expression and suppression of the undesirable and unbearable.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67488277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
eThnologia euroPaea 45:1 European ethnology has never been a coherent, conclusive discipline but has rather been a loose network of interests, topics and collaborations. This had already been the case as numerous institutions such as the Société Internationale d’Ethnologie et de Folklore (SIEF) and the journal Ethnologia Europaea were founded. Within these institutions, a small group of “Europeanists” that formed in the middle of the 1960s played an important role. A key member of this group was the Swiss-born Arnold Niederer (1914–1998). Not only was Niederer one of the founders of Ethnologia Europaea in 1966/67, he was also significantly involved in the formation of the loose network of actors who helped promote, share and establish European ethnology as a new discipline. Early on, Niederer saw himself as a European ethnologist; his comparative cross-cultural interests were present already well before the institutionalization of the corresponding research context. Thus, he is one of the pioneers of the discipline; a comparative perspective on the Alpine region and research on forms of cooperative work organized at the community level kindled his interest in European issues. Niederer was one of the researchers, together with Sigurd Erixon, Jorge Dias and others, who wanted to overcome divisions between the different national and local ethnologies in Europe and thus contributed to the network of European ethnology. In this process, they also reflected theoretically on the common – as well as distinct – characteristics of European ethnology across Europe. This paper examines the epistemological and institutional activities in the field of Volkskunde/ folklore studies in Switzerland leading to the discipline’s reformation as “European ethnology”. Drawing on archival materials, the article takes Arnold Niederer (1914–1998) as a starting point by showing how Niederer, his networks and research contexts were involved in the formation of the loose alliance of interests that were subsequently institutionalized. This paper traces the new perception of the discipline “European ethnology” as it draws on early transnational contacts of Swiss Folklore Studies in order to overcome the crisis in which Volkskunde found itself in the 1960s. Europeanization and an orientation toward the present were strategies to stabilize the academic discipline but also to establish the discipline in the public sphere.
{"title":"Europeanization as Strategy : disciplinary shifts in Switzerland and the formation of European Ethnology","authors":"Konrad J Kuhn","doi":"10.16995/EE.1139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/EE.1139","url":null,"abstract":"eThnologia euroPaea 45:1 European ethnology has never been a coherent, conclusive discipline but has rather been a loose network of interests, topics and collaborations. This had already been the case as numerous institutions such as the Société Internationale d’Ethnologie et de Folklore (SIEF) and the journal Ethnologia Europaea were founded. Within these institutions, a small group of “Europeanists” that formed in the middle of the 1960s played an important role. A key member of this group was the Swiss-born Arnold Niederer (1914–1998). Not only was Niederer one of the founders of Ethnologia Europaea in 1966/67, he was also significantly involved in the formation of the loose network of actors who helped promote, share and establish European ethnology as a new discipline. Early on, Niederer saw himself as a European ethnologist; his comparative cross-cultural interests were present already well before the institutionalization of the corresponding research context. Thus, he is one of the pioneers of the discipline; a comparative perspective on the Alpine region and research on forms of cooperative work organized at the community level kindled his interest in European issues. Niederer was one of the researchers, together with Sigurd Erixon, Jorge Dias and others, who wanted to overcome divisions between the different national and local ethnologies in Europe and thus contributed to the network of European ethnology. In this process, they also reflected theoretically on the common – as well as distinct – characteristics of European ethnology across Europe. This paper examines the epistemological and institutional activities in the field of Volkskunde/ folklore studies in Switzerland leading to the discipline’s reformation as “European ethnology”. Drawing on archival materials, the article takes Arnold Niederer (1914–1998) as a starting point by showing how Niederer, his networks and research contexts were involved in the formation of the loose alliance of interests that were subsequently institutionalized. This paper traces the new perception of the discipline “European ethnology” as it draws on early transnational contacts of Swiss Folklore Studies in order to overcome the crisis in which Volkskunde found itself in the 1960s. Europeanization and an orientation toward the present were strategies to stabilize the academic discipline but also to establish the discipline in the public sphere.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67487618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines how members of a Christian youth organization in Sweden relate to and reflect upon emotional aspects of their involvement, looking at how they describe the emotional atmosphere within the groups they belong to and their role in creating and sustaining this, but also their experiences of not feeling comfortable in certain situations. The empirical material consists of interviews with youths aged 15–23, and the theoretical framework is centred on emotion work and feeling rules. The findings show how the emotional expectations tend to be communicated not only implicitly, but also explicitly, and how an emotional atmosphere and emotion work that can be expected to create affective bonds between the members and strengthen group cohesion, in somecases might have rather the opposite effect.
{"title":"Loving and forgiving? : Emotions and emotion work in the youth organization Equmenia","authors":"Maria Zackariasson","doi":"10.16995/EE.1200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/EE.1200","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how members of a Christian youth organization in Sweden relate to and reflect upon emotional aspects of their involvement, looking at how they describe the emotional atmosphere within the groups they belong to and their role in creating and sustaining this, but also their experiences of not feeling comfortable in certain situations. The empirical material consists of interviews with youths aged 15–23, and the theoretical framework is centred on emotion work and feeling rules. The findings show how the emotional expectations tend to be communicated not only implicitly, but also explicitly, and how an emotional atmosphere and emotion work that can be expected to create affective bonds between the members and strengthen group cohesion, in somecases might have rather the opposite effect.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67489149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article, emerging from a study of mobile Polish physicians currently working in Sweden, explores the doctors’ ethnography-like descriptions applying the categories of knowledge usually employed by the researchers. The primary material consists of 21 interviews. The term mobile everyday ethnography points out the particular epistemological condition induced by occupational mobility: a tendency to explore and describe settings and behaviours in cultural terms, oscillating between an insider’s knowledge and an outsider’s estrangement. Some recurrent themes in the interviews concerning cultural frictions are presented, followed by a discussion of the specificity of mobile everyday ethnography: its basis in the pragmatics of everyday life, the predominant usage of the popular notion of “culture” and the professional self being the focal point.
{"title":"Mobile Physicians Making Sense of Culture(s) : On Mobile Everyday Ethnography","authors":"Magnus Öhlander, Katarzyna Wolanik Boström","doi":"10.16995/EE.1134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/EE.1134","url":null,"abstract":"This article, emerging from a study of mobile Polish physicians currently working in Sweden, explores the doctors’ ethnography-like descriptions applying the categories of knowledge usually employed by the researchers. The primary material consists of 21 interviews. The term mobile everyday ethnography points out the particular epistemological condition induced by occupational mobility: a tendency to explore and describe settings and behaviours in cultural terms, oscillating between an insider’s knowledge and an outsider’s estrangement. Some recurrent themes in the interviews concerning cultural frictions are presented, followed by a discussion of the specificity of mobile everyday ethnography: its basis in the pragmatics of everyday life, the predominant usage of the popular notion of “culture” and the professional self being the focal point.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67487340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article examines the intra-European mobility of contemporary artists by scrutinizing the experiences of visual artists from Finland who have been living in Berlin for at least one year. Based on data that were gathered via ethnographic fieldwork including interviews with 15 artists, the paper sheds light on the role that economic and career factors, images and dreams, social networks, and the prospect of working in an inspirational urban context play in influencing the decisions of Finnish artists to move to Berlin. Further, and more significantly, this study illuminates the reasons that encourage Berlin-based Finnish artists to maintain a transnational lifestyle through which they produce a “transnational flow of creativity.”
{"title":"A SUITCASE FULL OR ART","authors":"L. Hirvi","doi":"10.16995/ee.1140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.1140","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the intra-European mobility of contemporary artists by scrutinizing the experiences of visual artists from Finland who have been living in Berlin for at least one year. Based on data that were gathered via ethnographic fieldwork including interviews with 15 artists, the paper sheds light on the role that economic and career factors, images and dreams, social networks, and the prospect of working in an inspirational urban context play in influencing the decisions of Finnish artists to move to Berlin. Further, and more significantly, this study illuminates the reasons that encourage Berlin-based Finnish artists to maintain a transnational lifestyle through which they produce a “transnational flow of creativity.”","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67487687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article concerns itself with the early twentieth-century documentation of different phenomena in the Swedish countryside considered crucial to an understanding of rural lifestyle in the past. This research was motivated out of a concern for a vanishing peasant culture. Vast quantities of photographs, drawings and descriptions of houses and settlements were compiled into archives and later on, this material was used as the base for the Atlas of Swedish folk culture published in 1957. Inspired by Fleck’s notion of “thought collective” and Latour’s ideas of “craftsmanship”, the article returns to the archives in order to examine the everyday practices of the fieldworkers and the different tools and techniques used to document the vanishing peasant material culture. (Less)
{"title":"Returning to the archive in search of everyday practices in fieldwork","authors":"Karin Gustavsson","doi":"10.16995/EE.1127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/EE.1127","url":null,"abstract":"This article concerns itself with the early twentieth-century documentation of different phenomena in the Swedish countryside considered crucial to an understanding of rural lifestyle in the past. This research was motivated out of a concern for a vanishing peasant culture. Vast quantities of photographs, drawings and descriptions of houses and settlements were compiled into archives and later on, this material was used as the base for the Atlas of Swedish folk culture published in 1957. Inspired by Fleck’s notion of “thought collective” and Latour’s ideas of “craftsmanship”, the article returns to the archives in order to examine the everyday practices of the fieldworkers and the different tools and techniques used to document the vanishing peasant material culture. (Less)","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67487139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Border Practices and Speed. Cultural Perspectives on Borders and Smuggling","authors":"Fredrik Nilsson","doi":"10.16995/EE.1128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/EE.1128","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67487292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we investigate the background and history that ethnologists bring to bear on interdisciplinaryinnovation projects. We argue that although ethnology is well-equipped to contribute to innovation projects, our discipline also builds upon a series of conceptual configurations, and that these classic ethnological concepts and “taken for granted” understandings sit oddly with contemporary ideas about innovation as expressed in recent Danish innovation policy. These reflections were prompted by our participation in a joint innovation project funded by a Danish programme for user-driven innovation. By revisiting the discipline of ethnology as it has been conducted in southern Scandinavia, we identify three key points that explain our concerns regarding the way inwhich everyday life was analysed and configured in the innovation project.
{"title":"INNOVATION, RESISTANCE OR TINKERING Rearticulating Everyday Life in an Ethnological Perspective","authors":"A. Jespersen, Tine Damsholt","doi":"10.16995/ee.1124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/ee.1124","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate the background and history that ethnologists bring to bear on interdisciplinaryinnovation projects. We argue that although ethnology is well-equipped to contribute to innovation projects, our discipline also builds upon a series of conceptual configurations, and that these classic ethnological concepts and “taken for granted” understandings sit oddly with contemporary ideas about innovation as expressed in recent Danish innovation policy. These reflections were prompted by our participation in a joint innovation project funded by a Danish programme for user-driven innovation. By revisiting the discipline of ethnology as it has been conducted in southern Scandinavia, we identify three key points that explain our concerns regarding the way inwhich everyday life was analysed and configured in the innovation project.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67486848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The relation of the Dutch people towards their monarchy has always been ambiguous. The celebration of the monarch’s birthday has become a festive and massive expression of Orangeism, turning the event into a national feast day for all. The celebration is, however, characterized by a certain suspension of rules (“freemarkets”) and brings up forms of social inversion und charivaresque behaviour towards the House of Orange. This contribution examines to what extent this seemingly uncritical expression of contemporary Orangeism can be interpreted as a temporary symbolic “mobocracy” that helps to reconcile the nation’s republican traditions and strive for modernity with an anachronistic monarchical system.1
{"title":"Mobocracy and Monarchy: A Ritualistic Reconciliation with the Anachronism of the Dutch monarchy","authors":"P. Margry","doi":"10.16995/EE.1118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/EE.1118","url":null,"abstract":"The relation of the Dutch people towards their monarchy has always been ambiguous. The celebration of the monarch’s birthday has become a festive and massive expression of Orangeism, turning the event into a national feast day for all. The celebration is, however, characterized by a certain suspension of rules (“freemarkets”) and brings up forms of social inversion und charivaresque behaviour towards the House of Orange. This contribution examines to what extent this seemingly uncritical expression of contemporary Orangeism can be interpreted as a temporary symbolic “mobocracy” that helps to reconcile the nation’s republican traditions and strive for modernity with an anachronistic monarchical system.1","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67486688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The idea of a transnational cultural heritage has become topical in Europe because of the new EU heritage initiatives, such as the European Heritage Label scheme. Even though the scheme is administered at the European level, its implementation is transferred to heritage agents in the countries participating in the initiative. How do the heritage agents narrate the labeled heritage sites as European? Using the method of narrative analysis, this article identifies six key strategies of making sense of a European cultural heritage. Even though the scheme includes certain frameworks in which the heritage agents have to interpret and narrate the sites as European, it enables them to interpret the idea of Europe in their own way – and thus use their power to define a European identity.
{"title":"Transnational Heritage in the Making. Strategies for Narrating Cultural Heritage as European in the Intergovernmental Initiative of the European Heritage Label","authors":"Tuuli Lähdesmäki","doi":"10.16995/EE.1122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16995/EE.1122","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of a transnational cultural heritage has become topical in Europe because of the new EU heritage initiatives, such as the European Heritage Label scheme. Even though the scheme is administered at the European level, its implementation is transferred to heritage agents in the countries participating in the initiative. How do the heritage agents narrate the labeled heritage sites as European? Using the method of narrative analysis, this article identifies six key strategies of making sense of a European cultural heritage. Even though the scheme includes certain frameworks in which the heritage agents have to interpret and narrate the sites as European, it enables them to interpret the idea of Europe in their own way – and thus use their power to define a European identity.","PeriodicalId":34928,"journal":{"name":"Ethnologia Europaea","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67486746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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