Eearth最新文献

{"title":"Identification of Diagenetic Facies Based on Diagenetic Process: An Example from Paleogene Lake Sediment Sandstone in Bozhong X Oilfield","authors":"Q. Wendao, Y. Taiju, Su Shaochuan, Zhang Chang-min, H. Guowei, H. Miao, X. Min","doi":"10.11648/J.EARTH.20180704.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EARTH.20180704.13","url":null,"abstract":"Based on diagenetic evolution, reservoir diagenetic facies evolution was restored in burial history through quantitatively calculating the original porosity reconstructed by compaction, cementation and dissolution using core measurement data. The essence of this method was illustrated and its effectiveness was demonstrated using Paleogene lake sediment sandstone in Bozhong X oilfield, Bohai Bay Basin, China. Because diagenetic field changes as the structure depth increases or decreases and acts on deposition, diagenetic facies can be significantly different in different geological period. The Ed1 reservoir has experienced such an evolutionary process of W-Com_W-Cla-C_M-Car-C to M-Com_M-Clay-C_W-Qua-C_W-Fel-D_W-Car-D to M-Com_M-Cla-C_W-Qua-C_W-Fel-D_W-Car-D, while the Ed 2 , the Ed3 and the Es 1 are W-Com_W-Cla-C to M-Com_M-Cla-C-S-Com_S-Clay-C_W-Qua-C_W-Fel-D to S-Com_S-Cla-C_W-Qua-C_M-Fel-D, M-Com_W-Cla-C_W-Qua-C_W-Fel-D to M-Com_M-Cla-C_W-Qua-C_W-Fel-D to S-Com_M-Clay-C_W-Qua-C_S-Fel-D to S-Com_S-Clay-C_M-Qua-C_S-Fel-D and M-Com_W-Cla-C_W-Car-C to M-Com_M-Cla-C_W-Car-C_M-Fel-D_W-Car-D to M-Com_M-Clay-C_S-Fel-D_M-Car-D to S-Com_M-Cla-C _S-Fel-D_ M-Car-D respectively. Through this study, the reason for the dynamic change of sand body in the diagenetic field and the anisotropy of the reservoir are revealed.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130921765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kuqa Complex Surface Area Pseudo 3D Near-Surface Modeling and Static Correction Techniques","authors":"L. Jingfeng, Zhou Bingfeng, Li Zhiliu","doi":"10.11648/j.earth.20180704.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180704.12","url":null,"abstract":"Having been one of the key areas for hydrocarbon prospection of Tarim Oilfield Company, Kuqa Mountain in Tarim Basin has significant LVL survey, modeling difficulty and statics problems due to its diversified near-surface conditions. In this paper, the author makes an accurate analysis on the near-surface structure in the area using the uphole-constraint shallow-layer tomography LVL surface method, the pseudo 3D near-surface modeling and the comprehensive statics technology and therefore, the imaging of sections is improved, which provides a reference for the near-surface modeling and statics works in similar areas.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122736072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foundation Pit Leakage Detection Method Based on Electrical Resistivity Imaging Technology","authors":"Cai Kejian, Yin Yabin, Liaozhi, Ding Yueshuang, Wu Yuhao","doi":"10.11648/J.EARTH.20180704.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EARTH.20180704.11","url":null,"abstract":"With the continuous development of city construction and development of underground engineering, increasingly large scale, all kinds of super large and deep foundation pit appear constantly, especially in soft soil and high groundwater level area. Due to the leakage problem of the foundation pit engineering, accidents happen. Pit leakage is a common construction defect of construction waterproof curtain, therefore, it is necessary to detect the leakage situation of the foundation pit supporting system in advance, so that the leakage area is treated and prevented in time. In the foundation pit engineering, it is often used to observe the water level changes inside and outside the foundation pit to deduce the approximate area of the foundation pit leakage. Therefore, the use of geophysical methods for leakage detection research has become a breakthrough in solving the problem of leakage of foundation pit. In this paper, variation of groundwater flow around the foundation pit line is discussed when there is leakage of foundation pit system, for instance, leaking water aggregation, intensive regional seepage resistance, resulting in low resistivity of leakage area around the foundation pit of low resistivity. Based on the resistivity imaging technique, the method for detecting the leakage of the foundation pit by detecting the change of resistivity of soil around foundation pit before and after dewatering is presented. It is through two engineering examples show that this method can detect the pit leakage detection results of three-dimensional position, detection results objectively and accurately.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"2018 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126794674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and Evaluation of Coral Mixed Soil Base","authors":"Ju Yan-fei, Min Daogui","doi":"10.11648/j.earth.20180703.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180703.15","url":null,"abstract":"With the human activities gradually into the ocean, especially the implementation of the strategy of the Belt and Road, engineering construction will be more and more involved in the coral sand foundation, and the survey of foundation design specification, has not yet listed coral reef types of geotechnical, field test research on characteristics of coral sand foundation scholars both at home and abroad. However, after the coral reefs are artificially disturbed and blown into the land area, the mixed land foundation with coarse and fine grained soil is formed. In this paper, the characteristics of non-uniform and weak interbedded coral soil are obtained by dynamic field touchdown, pit exploration, particle analysis and Rayleigh wave method. Through triaxial shear tests with different porosity ratios, the results show that the shear strength index of coral sand is higher than that of natural silt sand and silt, and the coralline sand has certain cohesion. Through field loading plate test and dynamic contrast analysis, the reasonable loading plate impact depth, dynamic agent number and coral hybrid bearing capacity of soil foundation has good correlation, and through the analysis of dynamic agent number and the foundation bearing capacity, dynamic agent number and the experience formula of the modulus of deformation, and research has certain reference value to similar projects.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"323 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116631830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Surface Independent Signals Within the ENSO Events","authors":"Mingqiang Fang","doi":"10.11648/j.earth.20180703.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180703.14","url":null,"abstract":"By analyzing the two types of El Nino Southern-Oscillation (ENSO) indices, i.e., the Central Pacific (CP) type index and the Eastern Pacific (EP) type index by Ren and Jin (2011), this study finds that the low correlation between the two types of indices by some previous studies should be reconsidered. Then based on previous ideas of the unified Nino index systems, the new ocean surface regions for the CP and EP El Nino indices’ calculation are defined. The features of the new CP and EP El Nino indices are consistent with sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) evolution along the Pacific equator. This study suggests that, concerning the El Nino characteristics, the CP and EP El Nino indices are not necessarily independent of each other; but their differences are almost absolutely independent of the unified Nino region SSTA. The results quantitatively confirm the relationship between the Trans-Nino Index (TNI) and Nino 3.4 indices (which are nearly independent of each other and provide different flavors for each El Nino event). Results presented here contribute to a better understanding of the nature of the El Nino events.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"308 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123090220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Enhancement on Planetary Bodies and the Relevance of the Molar Mass Version of the Ideal Gas Law to the Null Hypothesis of Climate Change","authors":"R. Holmes","doi":"10.11648/J.EARTH.20180703.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EARTH.20180703.13","url":null,"abstract":"Presented here is a simple and reliable method of accurately calculating the average near surface atmospheric temperature on all planetary bodies which possess a surface atmospheric pressure of over 0.69kPa, by the use of the molar mass version of the ideal gas law. This method requires a gas constant and the near-surface averages of only three gas parameters; the atmospheric pressure, the atmospheric density and the mean molar mass. The accuracy of this method proves that all information on the effective plus the residual near-surface atmospheric temperature on planetary bodies with thick atmospheres, is automatically ‘baked-in’ to the three mentioned gas parameters. It is also known that whenever an atmospheric pressure exceeds 10kPa, convection and other modes of energy transfer will totally dominate over radiative interactions in the transfer of energy, and that a rising thermal gradient always forms from that level. This rising thermal gradient continues down to the surface, and even below it if there is a depression or a mine-shaft present. This measured thermodynamic situation, coupled with other empirical science presented herein, mean that it is very likely that no one gas has an anomalous effect on atmospheric temperatures that is significantly more than any other gas. In short; there is unlikely to be any significant net warming from the greenhouse effect on any planetary body in the parts of atmospheres which are >10kPa. Instead, it is proposed that the residual temperature difference between the effective temperature and the measured near-surface temperature, is a thermal enhancement caused by gravitationally-induced adiabatic auto-compression, powered by convection. A new null hypothesis of global warming or climate change is therefore proposed and argued for; one which does not include any anomalous or net warming from greenhouse gases in the tropospheric atmospheres of any planetary body.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129286264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Possible Cause of the Siberian LIPs: \"Collisions Aggrgation Effect\" of an Aerolite Impact","authors":"Li Chenming, Yang Demin","doi":"10.11648/J.EARTH.20180703.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EARTH.20180703.12","url":null,"abstract":"The authors believe that the main reason for the formation of the Siberian LIPs may be the nonlinear \"Collisions Aggregation Effect\" caused by a meteorite impact in the Falkland Plateau crater or Wilkes Land crater, and the correspondence of the Falkland Plateau crater may be better. As a result, the authors have reached the following conclusions and understandings: 1. The late Permian: the siberian LIPs are in the Siberian plate at 60°N, 80°E; the Falkland Plateau crater is located in the southwestern corner of the Gondwana, about at 70°S, 30°E, at the southernmost point of the South American plates, close to the southern orogenic belt of the South America and the stress state of the Falkland Plateau crater may be under pressure; the Wilkes Land crater may be located at 60°S, 110°E, at the eastern Antarctic continent, close to the Australian plate, is not located in the orogenic belt and the stress state of the Wilkes Land crater should not be pressure-type, but is in a wide range of ice covered area; 2. Figure 6 and 7 show the location relationship between the Siberian LIPs and Falkland Plateau crater or Wilkes Land crater does not have a antipodal characteristic, nor have a linear \"Collisions Aggregation Effect\" profile, but have a nonlinear \"Collisions Aggregation Effect\" distribution, the Falkland Plateau crater correspondence may be better; 3. Whether or not the Falkland Plateau crater or Wilkes Land crater was finally confirmed as a true meteorite crater, their relationships with the Siberian LIPs should have a nonlinear distribution of \"Collisions Aggregation Effect\" when the time they formed close to the Siberian LIPs, and is the main reason for the formation of the Siberian LIPs. The velocity vector direction of the meteorite impact may have a smaller angle of impact, and significantly eastward (relative to the Earth's center); 4. About the celestial body which its impact can form LIPs or cause the formation of LIPs, it should have: the impact time should be earlier than LIPs or almost simultaneously; a certain size; the \"impact point\" and the LIPs distribution area have the \"Collisions Aggregation Effect\" distribution characteristics; 5. Figure 2 shows a possible formation model about LIPs of a celestial body collision: due to the violent impact of a celestial body, created a tectonic weakness in the crust, even up to the crust-mantle boundary, a fault zone pointing to the Earth's center, and a radial spherical fracture group at the \"impact point\" or \"collisions aggregation point\"; the magma originating from the mantle intrude along the weak zone under pressure, a large number of magma invaded and gathered in the radial spherical fracture group, causing the overlying strata rising slowly, forming a dome and a similar head-tail structure of the mantle plume that the head dilated, tail slender deep into the mantle on the longitudinal.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115540717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the Drift of Earth's Continents","authors":"S. I. Gordeev, Victoria Nikolaevna Voloshina, D. S. Kolesnikova","doi":"10.11648/J.EARTH.20180703.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EARTH.20180703.11","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the result of the authors' work on the development of the model of the origin and motion of the Earth’s continents from the beginning of their formation to the present state. The paper describes gradual formation and movement of continents formed from the liquid substance and climatic changes that occurred after the change of continents positions.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129700703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogical and Physico-Chemical Characterization of Clayey Materials of Meka'a (West Cameroon) Preliminary Step for Their Utilization for Human Ingestion","authors":"S. A. D. Ninla, A. Wouatong, S. T. Kouonang, B. Yerima, D. Njopwouo","doi":"10.11648/J.EARTH.20180702.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.EARTH.20180702.15","url":null,"abstract":"Discovery of new geophagic clayey deposit in the locality of Meka'a contributed to the apparition of new species of geophagic clay materials in the local market. Due to the fact that positive or negative effects of geophagia are conditioned by physico-chemical, mineralogical and geochemical properties of the clay soil ingested, it is therefore necessary to mineralogically and physico-chemically characterize these clayey materials in order to ascertain their health implications. X ray diffractometry (XRD), X ray fluorescence (XRF), particles size distribution, pH and cation exchance capacity (CEC) are the main analyses carried out with these materials. The results show that the clayey materials of Meka’a are extremely weathered and maybe as a result of the weathering of ignimbritic flows. Two main species (yellow and red) of this clay soil are identified on the basis of their colour, mineralogy and physico-chemical characteristic. Analysis of samples of these two types of materials shows that Meka’a clayey materials are mainly made up of kaolinite (64-87%) and goethite (6-25%). These two minerals greatly influence the properties of these materials. Abundance of kaolinite in this clayey mineral assemblage could be of benefit in the protection of gastro intestinal tract resulting from ingestion of soils with high clay content. These clayey soils have a lower CEC and cannot cause cations deficiency in the digestive tract. Their acidic pH makes them suitable for use as remedy for relief of nausea and to curb salivation associated with pregnancy. No dental enamel or gastro-intestinal tract damage was to be feared when ingesting Meka’a clayey soils and their great abundance in Zn could be of benefit to geophagic individuals. However, possibility of Fe supplementation of the clayey soils of Meka’a may be very low considering low ferric hydroxide content and the fact that only a part of Fe present in the clayey soil can be released in the digestive tract.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130470215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Relationship Between Deccan LIPs and Chicxulub Crater Based on \"Collisions Aggregation Effect\"","authors":"Li Chenming, Yang Demin","doi":"10.11648/j.earth.20180702.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20180702.14","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the previous studies, the author has proposed that the \"Collisions Aggregation Effect\" by the impact of a celestial body in the geological academic circles, which can lead to the endogenic process of the \"collisions aggregation point\", the formation of volcanic eruptions and even the formation of LIPs. According to the principle of physics, this article further theoretically enriched the content of \"Collisions Aggregation Effect\" on the previous work and put forward the linear \"Collisions Aggregation Effect\" and nonlinear \"Collisions Aggregation Effect\". On the basis of the global paleo-plate and paleogeographic data, this paper takes the Deccan LIPs and the Chicxulub crater as the research objects and conducts the research work based on the \"Collisions Aggregation Effect\". The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The main eruption time of the Deccan LIPs is 66 Ma, while the Chicxulub crater was formed at about 65 Ma in approximate time; 2. At 65 Ma, the Deccan LIPs are located at 35°S, 65°E, while the Chicxulub Crater is located at 20°N, 50°W, both of which have the characteristics of the distribution of nonlinear \"Collisions Aggregation Effect\" on the Earth; 3. A Severe meteorite impact occurred at the Chicxulub crater in the Gulf of Mexico, causing \"Collisions Aggregation Effect\", which may be an important reason for the formation of the Deccan LIPs; 4. The velocity vector direction of the Chicxulub meteorite may not be exactly pointing to the Earth's center, but is a little south-easterly direction; 5. Using the \"Collisions Aggregation Effect\" for the \"impact point\" or \"collisions aggregation point\" geographic location constraints, but also should taking into account the celestial body impact velocity vector direction; 6. May be precisely because of the meteorite impact and the Deccan LIPs formed by the \"Collisions Aggregation Effect\" of the Chicxulub crater impact caused the massive dinosaur-based mass extinctions at the 65 Ma of the K/T boundary and accelerated the Indian Plate drift.","PeriodicalId":350455,"journal":{"name":"Eearth","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125490468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}