Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.48.63
A. Poznyak, M. B. Ekta, V. N. Sukhorukov, M. А. Popov, A. V. Grechko
: Globally, the prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome is steadily rising, potentially giving rise to the most extensive non-communicable health crisis ever recorded blocking the flow are able to break and cause a blood clot. The possible consequence is a significant increase in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease rate. The atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease largely depends on modifiable factors, however, even though there are significant efforts to manage traditional risk factors, a significant residual risk remains, which varies depending on studies and statistical analysis methods. Currently, lifestyle recommendations have not succeeded in having a proper impact on the burden of the double epidemic of metabolic diseases and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Increasing healthcare costs indicate the need for fresh strategies that are able to improve long-term commitment in the future. In this review, we summarized data on the dietary impact on atherosclerosis, paying special attention to the nutrients that have the potential antiatherosclerotic activity. Today, it is obvious that maintaining a healthy lifestyle is one of the main components of the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Diet is one of the most important components of a healthy lifestyle. Unfortunately, there is no uniquely ideal power scheme. Although the beneficial effects of a number of nutritional compounds and their mechanisms have been described, the development of an ideal diet for each individual subject is a challenge for future research.
{"title":"The Benefits of Selected Nutritional Compounds Towards Atherosclerosis Management","authors":"A. Poznyak, M. B. Ekta, V. N. Sukhorukov, M. А. Popov, A. V. Grechko","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.48.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.48.63","url":null,"abstract":": Globally, the prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome is steadily rising, potentially giving rise to the most extensive non-communicable health crisis ever recorded blocking the flow are able to break and cause a blood clot. The possible consequence is a significant increase in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease rate. The atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease largely depends on modifiable factors, however, even though there are significant efforts to manage traditional risk factors, a significant residual risk remains, which varies depending on studies and statistical analysis methods. Currently, lifestyle recommendations have not succeeded in having a proper impact on the burden of the double epidemic of metabolic diseases and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Increasing healthcare costs indicate the need for fresh strategies that are able to improve long-term commitment in the future. In this review, we summarized data on the dietary impact on atherosclerosis, paying special attention to the nutrients that have the potential antiatherosclerotic activity. Today, it is obvious that maintaining a healthy lifestyle is one of the main components of the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Diet is one of the most important components of a healthy lifestyle. Unfortunately, there is no uniquely ideal power scheme. Although the beneficial effects of a number of nutritional compounds and their mechanisms have been described, the development of an ideal diet for each individual subject is a challenge for future research.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139125303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.41.47
N. Ybraikozha, Asset Тоktamysov, Elvira Sagindykova, Laura Bissenova, E.Sh. Eleuova, A. Bugubaeva, A. Nugmanov, Gulzada Ekibaeva, V. Chashkov, Assel Tokusheva
: Phytop 8.67 is a modern biological multifunctional preparation that has a complex effect on cultivated plants, harmful organisms, and soil. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the biological preparation Phytop 8.67 on increasing yields and improving the quality of rice grains. Rice of the Marzhan variety growing on meadow/marsh rice soils was studied. The use of phytop 8.67 proved to be an effective method of increasing the productivity of rice culture in saline soils of the Kazakhstan Aral Sea region. The productivity of rice with three-time uses in the phases of vegetation in the production experiment increased by 25-30% compared to the control variants. In the field, the biological preparation provided an increase in grain yield from 20.0-25.3 c/ha. The increase in rice yield was due to the improvement of the elements of the crop structure. Pre-sowing treatment of seed material contributed to an increase in seed germination and greater plant viability by the end of the growing season. In the tillering phase, the tilling capacity of rice increased up to 2.2 times, as well as the length and the number of grains per ear of the main panicle and the weight of grain from one plant.
{"title":"Effect of the Biological Preparation Phytop 8.67 on the Quality and Yield of Rice in Saline Soils","authors":"N. Ybraikozha, Asset Тоktamysov, Elvira Sagindykova, Laura Bissenova, E.Sh. Eleuova, A. Bugubaeva, A. Nugmanov, Gulzada Ekibaeva, V. Chashkov, Assel Tokusheva","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.41.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.41.47","url":null,"abstract":": Phytop 8.67 is a modern biological multifunctional preparation that has a complex effect on cultivated plants, harmful organisms, and soil. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the biological preparation Phytop 8.67 on increasing yields and improving the quality of rice grains. Rice of the Marzhan variety growing on meadow/marsh rice soils was studied. The use of phytop 8.67 proved to be an effective method of increasing the productivity of rice culture in saline soils of the Kazakhstan Aral Sea region. The productivity of rice with three-time uses in the phases of vegetation in the production experiment increased by 25-30% compared to the control variants. In the field, the biological preparation provided an increase in grain yield from 20.0-25.3 c/ha. The increase in rice yield was due to the improvement of the elements of the crop structure. Pre-sowing treatment of seed material contributed to an increase in seed germination and greater plant viability by the end of the growing season. In the tillering phase, the tilling capacity of rice increased up to 2.2 times, as well as the length and the number of grains per ear of the main panicle and the weight of grain from one plant.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139125385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.110.120
A. Blagov, V. Orekhova, Vasily Sukhorukov, Alexandra Melnichenko, A. Orekhov
: Obesity is one of the growing problems of modern society. Although currently used methods of treating obesity, including diet, exercise, and drug therapy, have shown their applicability to more effectively combat obesity, an understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease is required. One of the insufficiently studied factors in the pathogenesis of obesity is the development of mitochondrial dysfunction understanding the role of which in the development of obesity will make it possible to find new ways to combat this disease. The review was created by analyzing evidence from the most promising studies on the pathogenesis of obesity. The main aim of this review was to develop a model of the pathogenesis of obesity, the central link in which is the development of mitochondrial dysfunction. An additional aim was to propose, based on the developed model, a number of potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity. Increased nutrient intake leads to the disruption of the electron transport chain work, which causes an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, which causes: (1) Damage to mitochondria and as a result, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired energy metabolism, and increasing oxidative stress, (2) As well as damage to other cellular structures and as a result, the accumulation of toxic oxidation products and immunogenic molecules. Together, this leads to chronic inflammation and the development of insulin resistance, which is the high-risk factor for diabetes. Compounds aimed at normalizing the function of mitochondria, such as L-carnitine and ubiquinone, can be proposed as additional therapies. Aerobic exercise also contributes to the normalization of mitochondrial function.
{"title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction Model in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Response Development in Obesity","authors":"A. Blagov, V. Orekhova, Vasily Sukhorukov, Alexandra Melnichenko, A. Orekhov","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.110.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.110.120","url":null,"abstract":": Obesity is one of the growing problems of modern society. Although currently used methods of treating obesity, including diet, exercise, and drug therapy, have shown their applicability to more effectively combat obesity, an understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease is required. One of the insufficiently studied factors in the pathogenesis of obesity is the development of mitochondrial dysfunction understanding the role of which in the development of obesity will make it possible to find new ways to combat this disease. The review was created by analyzing evidence from the most promising studies on the pathogenesis of obesity. The main aim of this review was to develop a model of the pathogenesis of obesity, the central link in which is the development of mitochondrial dysfunction. An additional aim was to propose, based on the developed model, a number of potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity. Increased nutrient intake leads to the disruption of the electron transport chain work, which causes an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, which causes: (1) Damage to mitochondria and as a result, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired energy metabolism, and increasing oxidative stress, (2) As well as damage to other cellular structures and as a result, the accumulation of toxic oxidation products and immunogenic molecules. Together, this leads to chronic inflammation and the development of insulin resistance, which is the high-risk factor for diabetes. Compounds aimed at normalizing the function of mitochondria, such as L-carnitine and ubiquinone, can be proposed as additional therapies. Aerobic exercise also contributes to the normalization of mitochondrial function.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139125903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.64.70
A. D. Baimukanov, A. Bissembayev, Y. Yuldashbayev, A. E. Chindaliyev, A. Shamshidin, Kharon Adievich Amerkhanov, Azamat Kuandikovich Saginbayev, K. Aubakirov
: The research aims to study the reproductive indicators and dairy productivity of the modern Kazakhstan population of the Alatau cattle breed. The average duration of the dry period is within the physiological norm, being 60-75 days. As noted above, an increase in the service period can negatively affect herd reproduction. In this regard, some measures were taken to normalize the service period of 83.5, 79.6-83.5 days. The efficiency of the insemination of cows is 92-95%. In comparison with 2018, in 2019, milk productivity increased on average by 3.64% or 197.5 kg of milk, in 2020 by 5% or 268.8 kg of milk, in 2021-by 13.6% or by 736.7 kg of milk, but in 2022 there was a sharp decrease of 28% or 972.6 kg of milk Alatau cows during the first lactation produce milk in the amount of 5262.3±39.7 kg, with a fat content of 3.90% and a milk protein content of 3.25%. In the second lactation, the milk yield increases to 5788.9±51.0 kg, and in the third lactation to 5786.7±33.8 kg.
{"title":"Reproductive Indicators of the Alatau Cattle Breed of Kazakhstan Population","authors":"A. D. Baimukanov, A. Bissembayev, Y. Yuldashbayev, A. E. Chindaliyev, A. Shamshidin, Kharon Adievich Amerkhanov, Azamat Kuandikovich Saginbayev, K. Aubakirov","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.64.70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.64.70","url":null,"abstract":": The research aims to study the reproductive indicators and dairy productivity of the modern Kazakhstan population of the Alatau cattle breed. The average duration of the dry period is within the physiological norm, being 60-75 days. As noted above, an increase in the service period can negatively affect herd reproduction. In this regard, some measures were taken to normalize the service period of 83.5, 79.6-83.5 days. The efficiency of the insemination of cows is 92-95%. In comparison with 2018, in 2019, milk productivity increased on average by 3.64% or 197.5 kg of milk, in 2020 by 5% or 268.8 kg of milk, in 2021-by 13.6% or by 736.7 kg of milk, but in 2022 there was a sharp decrease of 28% or 972.6 kg of milk Alatau cows during the first lactation produce milk in the amount of 5262.3±39.7 kg, with a fat content of 3.90% and a milk protein content of 3.25%. In the second lactation, the milk yield increases to 5788.9±51.0 kg, and in the third lactation to 5786.7±33.8 kg.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139126679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.71.94
G. Sypabekkyzy, T. Bulgakov, M. Sedlářová, Y. Rakhimova, L. Kyzmetova, A. Assylbek
: The Erysiphaceae family is a diverse group of fungi with complex evolutionary relationships. All previous data for powdery mildew fungi in Ile-Alatau are outdated and needed to be revised due to changes in the Erysiphaceae taxonomy. The purpose of our research was to revise all data and to compile an actual checklist of Erysiphaceae in the Ile-Alatau based on revisions of the available fungal samples of the Herbarium Fund of the Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the authors' own collections and a critical revision of the genera. Mycological survey of the territory of the Ile-Alatau was done by the route method during 2013-2020. An actual checklist of powdery mildews in the Ile-Alatau Mountains was compiled. The powdery mildews are represented by 91 species of 8 genera. The largest genus is Erysiphe containg 30 species and forms recorded on 99 angiosperm host plant species. The genera Podosphaera and Golovinomyces have 20 and 17 species, respectively. Totally, 40 species were recorded as host plants for the first time, including 24 of them due to taxonomic revisions. The greatest number of species and forms of powdery mildews is noted at altitudes of 1200-2000 m above sea, in the forest belt of Ile-Alatau Mountains. Three most numerous genera-Erysiphe , Golovinomyces , Podosphaera -prevail in all gorges and habitats . Five species were found on plants listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan. The coefficient of similarity of the species composition of powdery mildew fungi on the territory of the Ketmen and Ile-Alatau ridges is 60%, while on the territory of the Terskey and Ile-Alatau ridges 70%. The value of the study and practical significance lies in obtaining data on the diversity of powdery mildew fungi in the Ile-Alatau Mountains, their location, distribution and association with the host.
{"title":"An Annotated Checklist of Powdery Mildew Fungi (Erysiphaceae) in the Ile-Alatau Mountains (within Kazakhstan)","authors":"G. Sypabekkyzy, T. Bulgakov, M. Sedlářová, Y. Rakhimova, L. Kyzmetova, A. Assylbek","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.71.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.71.94","url":null,"abstract":": The Erysiphaceae family is a diverse group of fungi with complex evolutionary relationships. All previous data for powdery mildew fungi in Ile-Alatau are outdated and needed to be revised due to changes in the Erysiphaceae taxonomy. The purpose of our research was to revise all data and to compile an actual checklist of Erysiphaceae in the Ile-Alatau based on revisions of the available fungal samples of the Herbarium Fund of the Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the authors' own collections and a critical revision of the genera. Mycological survey of the territory of the Ile-Alatau was done by the route method during 2013-2020. An actual checklist of powdery mildews in the Ile-Alatau Mountains was compiled. The powdery mildews are represented by 91 species of 8 genera. The largest genus is Erysiphe containg 30 species and forms recorded on 99 angiosperm host plant species. The genera Podosphaera and Golovinomyces have 20 and 17 species, respectively. Totally, 40 species were recorded as host plants for the first time, including 24 of them due to taxonomic revisions. The greatest number of species and forms of powdery mildews is noted at altitudes of 1200-2000 m above sea, in the forest belt of Ile-Alatau Mountains. Three most numerous genera-Erysiphe , Golovinomyces , Podosphaera -prevail in all gorges and habitats . Five species were found on plants listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan. The coefficient of similarity of the species composition of powdery mildew fungi on the territory of the Ketmen and Ile-Alatau ridges is 60%, while on the territory of the Terskey and Ile-Alatau ridges 70%. The value of the study and practical significance lies in obtaining data on the diversity of powdery mildew fungi in the Ile-Alatau Mountains, their location, distribution and association with the host.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139128043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.121.130
A. Bissembayev, A. Shamshidin, Zhanat Maratovich Kasenov, A. E. Chindaliyev, Y. Yuldashbayev, D. Baimukanov
: The purpose of the study is to determine the precocity of Kalmyk cattle breeding stock in Kazakhstan and the accuracy of productivity assessment by indices of breeding value. It is established that calves are born with a live weight of 22.4-25.7 kg, at the age of six months they reach a live weight of 165.2-175.3 kg. The average daily increase in live weight during 180 days is 787.2-840.8 g. In the first months of development from birth to one-year-old age, the daily increase is 1401-1586 g, from 210 days of age 169-219 g, from birth to one-year-old age 878-1006 g. The indices of breeding value were by live weight: At birth -5.16 and +5.00, at weaning -13.13 and +11.71, at one-year-old -16.92 and +17.41, adults -36.00 and +33.17. The indices of breeding value for milk production amounted to -16.39 and +16.25. The index of breeding value of daily growth of young Kalmyk cattle in 2022 from birth 205 days -346.25 and 29183, from 205 days of age to one-year-old -444.64 and +446.28, from birth to one-year-old -555.88 and 611.74. In 2023, the index of breeding value showed -203.17 and 259.03 from birth to one year of age. The shared distribution of accuracy was shown by qualitative replenishment of the database of the information-analytical system according to productive indicators. This indicates a potential opportunity in breeding to increase the average daily increase In 18-month-old Kalmyk bull-calves of the Kazakhstan population, the height at the withers was 126.5-126.8 cm, the height at the rump was 134.2-134.6 cm, the chest depth was 672-67.5 cm, the chest width was 45.2-46.1 cm, the oblique body length was 143.5-144.2 cm, the chest girth 192.5-196.4 cm, metacarpus girth 21.5-21.7 cm, width at the hip joints 42.8-43.2 cm, width at the coxal joints 44.4-44.6 cm, width at the ischial tuberosities -27.8-28.3 cm.
{"title":"Selection of Kalmyk Cattle in Kazakhstan","authors":"A. Bissembayev, A. Shamshidin, Zhanat Maratovich Kasenov, A. E. Chindaliyev, Y. Yuldashbayev, D. Baimukanov","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.121.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.121.130","url":null,"abstract":": The purpose of the study is to determine the precocity of Kalmyk cattle breeding stock in Kazakhstan and the accuracy of productivity assessment by indices of breeding value. It is established that calves are born with a live weight of 22.4-25.7 kg, at the age of six months they reach a live weight of 165.2-175.3 kg. The average daily increase in live weight during 180 days is 787.2-840.8 g. In the first months of development from birth to one-year-old age, the daily increase is 1401-1586 g, from 210 days of age 169-219 g, from birth to one-year-old age 878-1006 g. The indices of breeding value were by live weight: At birth -5.16 and +5.00, at weaning -13.13 and +11.71, at one-year-old -16.92 and +17.41, adults -36.00 and +33.17. The indices of breeding value for milk production amounted to -16.39 and +16.25. The index of breeding value of daily growth of young Kalmyk cattle in 2022 from birth 205 days -346.25 and 29183, from 205 days of age to one-year-old -444.64 and +446.28, from birth to one-year-old -555.88 and 611.74. In 2023, the index of breeding value showed -203.17 and 259.03 from birth to one year of age. The shared distribution of accuracy was shown by qualitative replenishment of the database of the information-analytical system according to productive indicators. This indicates a potential opportunity in breeding to increase the average daily increase In 18-month-old Kalmyk bull-calves of the Kazakhstan population, the height at the withers was 126.5-126.8 cm, the height at the rump was 134.2-134.6 cm, the chest depth was 672-67.5 cm, the chest width was 45.2-46.1 cm, the oblique body length was 143.5-144.2 cm, the chest girth 192.5-196.4 cm, metacarpus girth 21.5-21.7 cm, width at the hip joints 42.8-43.2 cm, width at the coxal joints 44.4-44.6 cm, width at the ischial tuberosities -27.8-28.3 cm.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139125410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.19.23
Zhaksylyk Makhatov, B. Kedelbayev, Serzhan Mombekov, Assel Kozhamzharova
: The effect of wheat straw processing on the enzymatic hydrolysis of the straw by Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus awamori cultures is of importance for the bioconversion of renewable biomass. The study aimed to determine the optimal wheat straw processing method that would result in the highest yield of fermentable sugars from straw. A combination of physical and chemical methods was used to process wheat straw, including milling, steam explosion, and acid treatment. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the processed wheat straw was then evaluated using T. viride and A. awamori cultures. The steam explosion method was the most effective at breaking down wheat straw, resulting in the highest yield of fermentable sugars. Additionally, it was found that T. viride was more effective at enzymatic hydrolysis than A. awamori , producing a higher yield of glucose from the processed wheat straw. The findings of this study have implications for the development of more efficient and sustainable methods for producing biofuels and other valuable chemicals from agricultural waste materials like wheat straw
小麦秸秆加工对毛霉菌（Trichoderma viride）和泡盛曲霉（Aspergillus awamori）培养物酶水解秸秆的影响对可再生生物质的生物转化具有重要意义。这项研究旨在确定最佳的小麦秸秆处理方法，以便从秸秆中获得最高的可发酵糖产量。研究采用了物理和化学相结合的方法来处理小麦秸秆，包括碾磨、蒸汽爆炸和酸处理。然后使用 T. viride 和 A. awamori 培养物对处理后的小麦秸秆的酶水解进行了评估。汽爆法是分解小麦秸秆最有效的方法，可发酵糖的产量最高。此外，研究还发现 T. viride 的酶水解作用比 A. awamori 更有效，从处理过的小麦秸秆中产生的葡萄糖产量更高。这项研究的结果对于开发更高效、更可持续的方法，利用小麦秸秆等农业废料生产生物燃料和其他有价值的化学品具有重要意义。
{"title":"Wheat Straw Processing Effect Study on Their Enzymatic Hydrolysis by Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus аwamori Cultures","authors":"Zhaksylyk Makhatov, B. Kedelbayev, Serzhan Mombekov, Assel Kozhamzharova","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.19.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.19.23","url":null,"abstract":": The effect of wheat straw processing on the enzymatic hydrolysis of the straw by Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus awamori cultures is of importance for the bioconversion of renewable biomass. The study aimed to determine the optimal wheat straw processing method that would result in the highest yield of fermentable sugars from straw. A combination of physical and chemical methods was used to process wheat straw, including milling, steam explosion, and acid treatment. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the processed wheat straw was then evaluated using T. viride and A. awamori cultures. The steam explosion method was the most effective at breaking down wheat straw, resulting in the highest yield of fermentable sugars. Additionally, it was found that T. viride was more effective at enzymatic hydrolysis than A. awamori , producing a higher yield of glucose from the processed wheat straw. The findings of this study have implications for the development of more efficient and sustainable methods for producing biofuels and other valuable chemicals from agricultural waste materials like wheat straw","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139127788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Kunanbayev, V. Scoblikov, O. Solovyov, Y. Tulayev, G. Churkina, N. Zueva, B. Bekeshev
: One of the most important branches of agriculture is crop production, from which people receive most of their basic foodstuffs, animal feed, and raw materials for the main industries. The most important goal of crop production is to increase yields in every possible way and, as a result, increase the production of grain, feed, and other products. The study aimed to analyze the influence of sowing dates, soil fertility, and crop rotation system on the yield level of various varieties of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). To achieve this goal, field and production experiments, laboratory analyses, and phenological observations were carried out in Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions with different soil and climatic conditions. The following activities and experiments were carried out: Agrochemical survey of experimental and production fields, sowing and harvesting of various wheat varieties. The influence of sowing dates, fertility parameters, as well as various technical aspects of the use of crop rotations on the level of wheat yield has been analyzed. It has been concluded that it is possible to increase the yield of wheat in the current economic conditions under the condition of optimization and strict compliance with the basic agrotechnological requirements, such as compliance with optimal sowing dates, the introduction of scientifically based crop rotations and economically advantageous structure of crops and planned compensation of those nutrients that are at a minimum to increase soil fertility.
{"title":"Influence of Sowing Dates, Soil Fertility and Crop Rotation System on Increasing the Yield Level of Various Varieties of Spring Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)","authors":"K. Kunanbayev, V. Scoblikov, O. Solovyov, Y. Tulayev, G. Churkina, N. Zueva, B. Bekeshev","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.1.8","url":null,"abstract":": One of the most important branches of agriculture is crop production, from which people receive most of their basic foodstuffs, animal feed, and raw materials for the main industries. The most important goal of crop production is to increase yields in every possible way and, as a result, increase the production of grain, feed, and other products. The study aimed to analyze the influence of sowing dates, soil fertility, and crop rotation system on the yield level of various varieties of spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). To achieve this goal, field and production experiments, laboratory analyses, and phenological observations were carried out in Akmola and North Kazakhstan regions with different soil and climatic conditions. The following activities and experiments were carried out: Agrochemical survey of experimental and production fields, sowing and harvesting of various wheat varieties. The influence of sowing dates, fertility parameters, as well as various technical aspects of the use of crop rotations on the level of wheat yield has been analyzed. It has been concluded that it is possible to increase the yield of wheat in the current economic conditions under the condition of optimization and strict compliance with the basic agrotechnological requirements, such as compliance with optimal sowing dates, the introduction of scientifically based crop rotations and economically advantageous structure of crops and planned compensation of those nutrients that are at a minimum to increase soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139129313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.103.109
Irina Yurievna Chidunchi
: It is known that parasitic flatworms of the class Trematoda have a unique complex life cycle, and have morphological features of adaptation, movement, and existence in the host body. Functional peculiarities of the parasitic way of life are conditioned by the developed muscular system, due to which there is movement and attachment of the snail to various organs of the host. To date, one of the main tasks of parasitology is the study of tissues and organs of parasitic worms, which can expand our ideas about the biology of trematodes and allow us to take a new look at their structure and functions. The study of the functional morphology of the trematode muscle sac allows us to elucidate the peculiarities of trematode locomotion and attachment. This article deals with the structural organization of the muscular elements of the musculocutaneous sac of the trematode Schistogonimus Rarus. On the basis of ultrastructural studies, the functional mechanisms that ensure the movement and attachment of Schistogonimus Rarus trematodes to individual organs of the host have been revealed. In addition, data were obtained on the peculiarities of the structure of individual tissues, organs, and systems. As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, it was revealed that the ultrastructural features of the muscles of the skin-muscular sack of trematodes are formed on the basis of the modification capabilities of smooth muscle cells and tissues. The results of the work can be used as a basic material for further studies on the selection of anthelmintics acting on the muscular system of trematodes, which will lead to significant effectiveness of preventive measures.
{"title":"Ultrastructural Organization of the Muscular System Body of the Trematode Schistogonimus Rarus","authors":"Irina Yurievna Chidunchi","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.103.109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.103.109","url":null,"abstract":": It is known that parasitic flatworms of the class Trematoda have a unique complex life cycle, and have morphological features of adaptation, movement, and existence in the host body. Functional peculiarities of the parasitic way of life are conditioned by the developed muscular system, due to which there is movement and attachment of the snail to various organs of the host. To date, one of the main tasks of parasitology is the study of tissues and organs of parasitic worms, which can expand our ideas about the biology of trematodes and allow us to take a new look at their structure and functions. The study of the functional morphology of the trematode muscle sac allows us to elucidate the peculiarities of trematode locomotion and attachment. This article deals with the structural organization of the muscular elements of the musculocutaneous sac of the trematode Schistogonimus Rarus. On the basis of ultrastructural studies, the functional mechanisms that ensure the movement and attachment of Schistogonimus Rarus trematodes to individual organs of the host have been revealed. In addition, data were obtained on the peculiarities of the structure of individual tissues, organs, and systems. As a result of the analysis of the obtained data, it was revealed that the ultrastructural features of the muscles of the skin-muscular sack of trematodes are formed on the basis of the modification capabilities of smooth muscle cells and tissues. The results of the work can be used as a basic material for further studies on the selection of anthelmintics acting on the muscular system of trematodes, which will lead to significant effectiveness of preventive measures.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139128848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ojbsci.2024.9.18
Irina Smirnova, A. Sadanov, G. Baimakhanova, E. Faizulina, L. Tatarkina
Corresponding Author: Irina Smirnova Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology LLC, Almaty, Kazakhstan Email: iesmirnova@mail.ru Abstract: Phosphorus is one of the important elements of plant nutrition that affect crop productivity. Increasing the availability of phosphorus through the use of microbial inoculants capable of stimulating soybean growth on saline soils is a promising solution to the problem. However, most phosphatesolubilizing bacteria are not capable of the growth and mobilization of phosphates on saline soils. The purpose of this study was to isolate phosphate-solubilizing salt-tolerant bacteria from the soybean rhizosphere and to study their salt tolerance, phosphate solubilization, and ability to influence soybean growth in saline soils. Phosphate-solubilizing isolates were obtained from the soybean rhizosphere. Their ability to grow and mobilize phosphates under conditions of high salt stress was studied, after which five strains were selected. Identification by the Sanger molecular genetic method showed that the strains were Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae FT2, Ps. koreensis FT4, Ps. sp. FM9, Bacillus pumilus FM12, and B. sp. FC11. The production of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid under high salt stress was studied and three strains (FT4, FM12, and FC11) were selected in which the production of indole-3-acetic acid under salt stress decreased slightly by 20-22%. Inoculation with bacteria significantly mitigated salt stress, as evidenced by the growth indicators of soybeans; the weight of roots increased by 1.9-2.1 times, the weight of soybean shoots by 2.0-2.2 times, the weight of leaves by 2.5-3.5 times and the number of nodules by 1.7-2.0 times compared to the control variant without inoculation. The study showed that inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing salt-tolerant bacteria increased plant resistance to salt stress, improved growth, and promoted the ecological adaptation of soybeans. Based on the isolated strains, it is possible to develop inoculants for crops growing on saline soils, which is a promising strategy.
通讯作者：Irina SmirnovaIrina Smirnova Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology LLC, Almaty, Kazakhstan Email: iesmirnova@mail.ru 摘要：磷是影响作物产量的重要植物营养元素之一。通过使用能够刺激盐碱地上大豆生长的微生物接种剂来增加磷的供应量是一个很有前景的解决方案。然而，大多数磷酸盐溶解细菌不能在盐碱土上生长和调动磷酸盐。本研究的目的是从大豆根瘤中分离出耐盐性磷酸盐溶解细菌，并研究它们的耐盐性、磷酸盐溶解能力以及影响大豆在盐碱土中生长的能力。磷酸盐溶解分离菌来自大豆根圈。研究了它们在高盐分胁迫条件下的生长和磷酸盐动员能力，然后选出了五株菌株。桑格分子遗传方法鉴定表明，这些菌株分别是根瘤假单胞菌 FT2、韩国假单胞菌 FT4、假单胞菌 FM9、枯草芽孢杆菌 FM12 和芽孢杆菌 FC11。研究了高盐胁迫下植物激素吲哚-3-乙酸的产生情况，筛选出三株菌株（FT4、FM12 和 FC11），它们在盐胁迫下的吲哚-3-乙酸产生量略有下降，降幅为 20-22%。与未接种的对照变体相比，接种细菌可明显缓解盐胁迫，从大豆的生长指标可以看出：根的重量增加了 1.9-2.1 倍，大豆芽的重量增加了 2.0-2.2 倍，叶的重量增加了 2.5-3.5 倍，结节的数量增加了 1.7-2.0 倍。研究表明，接种磷酸盐溶性耐盐细菌可提高植物对盐胁迫的抵抗力，改善生长状况，促进大豆的生态适应。根据分离出的菌株，有可能为生长在盐碱地上的作物开发接种剂，这是一种很有前景的策略。
{"title":"Phosphate-Solubilizing Salt-Tolerant Bacteria to Support Soybean Growth (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) On Saline Soils","authors":"Irina Smirnova, A. Sadanov, G. Baimakhanova, E. Faizulina, L. Tatarkina","doi":"10.3844/ojbsci.2024.9.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2024.9.18","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Irina Smirnova Research and Production Center for Microbiology and Virology LLC, Almaty, Kazakhstan Email: iesmirnova@mail.ru Abstract: Phosphorus is one of the important elements of plant nutrition that affect crop productivity. Increasing the availability of phosphorus through the use of microbial inoculants capable of stimulating soybean growth on saline soils is a promising solution to the problem. However, most phosphatesolubilizing bacteria are not capable of the growth and mobilization of phosphates on saline soils. The purpose of this study was to isolate phosphate-solubilizing salt-tolerant bacteria from the soybean rhizosphere and to study their salt tolerance, phosphate solubilization, and ability to influence soybean growth in saline soils. Phosphate-solubilizing isolates were obtained from the soybean rhizosphere. Their ability to grow and mobilize phosphates under conditions of high salt stress was studied, after which five strains were selected. Identification by the Sanger molecular genetic method showed that the strains were Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae FT2, Ps. koreensis FT4, Ps. sp. FM9, Bacillus pumilus FM12, and B. sp. FC11. The production of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid under high salt stress was studied and three strains (FT4, FM12, and FC11) were selected in which the production of indole-3-acetic acid under salt stress decreased slightly by 20-22%. Inoculation with bacteria significantly mitigated salt stress, as evidenced by the growth indicators of soybeans; the weight of roots increased by 1.9-2.1 times, the weight of soybean shoots by 2.0-2.2 times, the weight of leaves by 2.5-3.5 times and the number of nodules by 1.7-2.0 times compared to the control variant without inoculation. The study showed that inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing salt-tolerant bacteria increased plant resistance to salt stress, improved growth, and promoted the ecological adaptation of soybeans. Based on the isolated strains, it is possible to develop inoculants for crops growing on saline soils, which is a promising strategy.","PeriodicalId":35048,"journal":{"name":"OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139129113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：