Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.4467/24504564pmp.23.030.18259
J. Urban, D. Jagielska
{"title":"O prawa obywatelskie dla kobiet (fragmenty)","authors":"J. Urban, D. Jagielska","doi":"10.4467/24504564pmp.23.030.18259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24504564pmp.23.030.18259","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":350521,"journal":{"name":"Polska Myśl Pedagogiczna","volume":"46 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139166574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.4467/24504564pmp.23.001.18230
Janina Kostkiewicz
Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja wybranych wątków pedagogiki konserwatywnej w zakresie jej korzeni, tożsamości oraz misji, jaką mogłaby pełnić. W kwestii korzeni (źródeł) – zgodnie z założeniem wielu jej przedstawicieli mówiących, że pedagogika konserwatywna bez religii nie istnieje – wskazywane są jej związki z katolicyzmem. Odniesienia do tożsamości wiążą się z przyjmowanym rozumieniem konserwatyzmu – wobec tego koncepcje wychowania składające się na pedagogikę konserwatywną i przez nią reprezentowane są różnorodne. Wspólny im jest antysocjalizm i antyliberalizm. W wychowaniu społecznym, wychodząc od założenia, że społeczeństwo jest rozumne i ma wolę (co uznawał m.in. R. Scruton), pedagogika konserwatywna ma możliwość podjęcia misji budowania społeczno-kulturowej tożsamości narodu. Czy skolonizowana przez jedną z ideologii edukacyjnych pedagogika zdoła uwolnić swoją konserwatywną odmianę, by ta – bez wsparcia projektem politycznym – mogła zaistnieć na rynku pedagogicznym? Czy homo sovieticus nie zagrozi tej misji? Doświadczanie go w przestrzeni publicznej niestety niweluje tę misję na rzecz totalnych rozwiązań, pomijając potrzebę odbudowy pękniętej tożsamości narodu polskiego i podupadłej kultury. Conservative Pedagogy: Roots – Identity – Mission (Selected Issues): The aim of this article is to reconstruct selected threads of conservative pedagogy in terms of its roots, identity and the mission it could fulfil. Concerning the roots (sources) – according to the assumption of many of its representatives that conservative pedagogy without religion does not exist – its connections with Catholicism are indicated. The references to identity are linked to the accepted understanding of conservatism – thus the concepts of education that make up and are represented by conservative pedagogy are diverse. What they have in common is anti-socialism and anti-liberalism. In social upbringing, starting from the assumption that society is rational and has a will (as recognised by R. Scruton, among others), conservative pedagogy has the opportunity to undertake the mission of building the socio-cultural identity of a nation. Will a pedagogy colonised by one educational ideology manage to unleash its conservative variety so that this one, without the support of a political project, can establish itself in the pedagogical market? Will homo sovieticus not threaten this mission? Experiencing it in the public space unfortunately nullifies this mission in favour of total solutions leaving aside the need to rebuild the fractured identity of the Polish nation and the decayed culture.
本文旨在从保守主义教育学的根源、特性及其可能履行的使命等方面，重新构建保守主义教育学的某些线索。就其根源而言--根据其许多代表的假设，即保守主义教育学没有宗教就不存在--指出了它与天主教的联系。身份认同的提法与对保守主义的理解有关，因此，构成保守主义教育学并由其代表的教育观念是多种多样的。它们的共同点是反社会主义和反自由主义。在社会教养方面，从社会是理性的、有意志的这一假设出发（正如 R. Scruton 等人所承认的），保守主义教育学有机会承担起建立民族社会文化认同的使命。被一种教育意识形态殖民化的教育学能否解放其保守的多样性，从而在没有政治项目支持的情况下，在教育学市场上大显身手？苏维埃同人会不会危及这一使命？不幸的是，在公共空间体验它，会使这一使命化为乌有，而倾向于全面的解决方案，忽略了重建波兰民族分裂的身份和衰落的文化的需要。 保守主义教育学：根源-身份-使命（选题）》：本文旨在从保守主义教育学的根源、特性及其可履行的使命等方面，重新构建保守主义教育学的若干线索。关于根源（来源）--根据其许多代表的假设，没有宗教的保守主义教育学是不存在的--指出了它与天主教的联系。关于特性的提法与对保守主义的公认理解有关--因此，构成保守主义教育学并由其代表的教育概念是多种多样的。它们的共同点是反社会主义和反自由主义。在社会教养方面，从社会是理性的、有意志的这一假设出发（正如 R. Scruton 等人所承认的那样），保守主义教育学有机会承担起建立民族社会文化认同的使命。被一种教育意识形态殖民化的教育学是否能够释放其保守的多样性，从而使这种教育学在没有政治项目支持的情况下在教育学市场上站稳脚跟？苏维埃同人不会威胁到这一使命吗？不幸的是，在公共空间体验它，会使这一使命化为乌有，而有利于完全解决问题，将重建波兰民族分裂的身份和衰败的文化的需要抛在一边。
{"title":"Pedagogika konserwatywna: Korzenie – Tożsamość – Misja (wybrane wątki)","authors":"Janina Kostkiewicz","doi":"10.4467/24504564pmp.23.001.18230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24504564pmp.23.001.18230","url":null,"abstract":"Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja wybranych wątków pedagogiki konserwatywnej w zakresie jej korzeni, tożsamości oraz misji, jaką mogłaby pełnić. W kwestii korzeni (źródeł) – zgodnie z założeniem wielu jej przedstawicieli mówiących, że pedagogika konserwatywna bez religii nie istnieje – wskazywane są jej związki z katolicyzmem. Odniesienia do tożsamości wiążą się z przyjmowanym rozumieniem konserwatyzmu – wobec tego koncepcje wychowania składające się na pedagogikę konserwatywną i przez nią reprezentowane są różnorodne. Wspólny im jest antysocjalizm i antyliberalizm. W wychowaniu społecznym, wychodząc od założenia, że społeczeństwo jest rozumne i ma wolę (co uznawał m.in. R. Scruton), pedagogika konserwatywna ma możliwość podjęcia misji budowania społeczno-kulturowej tożsamości narodu. Czy skolonizowana przez jedną z ideologii edukacyjnych pedagogika zdoła uwolnić swoją konserwatywną odmianę, by ta – bez wsparcia projektem politycznym – mogła zaistnieć na rynku pedagogicznym? Czy homo sovieticus nie zagrozi tej misji? Doświadczanie go w przestrzeni publicznej niestety niweluje tę misję na rzecz totalnych rozwiązań, pomijając potrzebę odbudowy pękniętej tożsamości narodu polskiego i podupadłej kultury. Conservative Pedagogy: Roots – Identity – Mission (Selected Issues): The aim of this article is to reconstruct selected threads of conservative pedagogy in terms of its roots, identity and the mission it could fulfil. Concerning the roots (sources) – according to the assumption of many of its representatives that conservative pedagogy without religion does not exist – its connections with Catholicism are indicated. The references to identity are linked to the accepted understanding of conservatism – thus the concepts of education that make up and are represented by conservative pedagogy are diverse. What they have in common is anti-socialism and anti-liberalism. In social upbringing, starting from the assumption that society is rational and has a will (as recognised by R. Scruton, among others), conservative pedagogy has the opportunity to undertake the mission of building the socio-cultural identity of a nation. Will a pedagogy colonised by one educational ideology manage to unleash its conservative variety so that this one, without the support of a political project, can establish itself in the pedagogical market? Will homo sovieticus not threaten this mission? Experiencing it in the public space unfortunately nullifies this mission in favour of total solutions leaving aside the need to rebuild the fractured identity of the Polish nation and the decayed culture.","PeriodicalId":350521,"journal":{"name":"Polska Myśl Pedagogiczna","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139301290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.4467/24504564pmp.23.028.18257
Ewa Wiśniewska
Julia Kisielewska (1874‒1943) and her contribution to pedagogical practice and thought: The article presents the profile of Julia Kisielewska (1874‒1943), a publicist, literary critic, teacher and social worker, who lived and worked at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Moreover, the study shows the most important facts from her life, literary work, as well as pedagogical and social activities. Her journalistic and teaching activity was developed at the highest level. She is the author of over one hundred and fifty publications in magazines of the Young Poland and the interwar period, as well as several textbooks for teaching history at school. She was an eminent teacher, organizer and social worker. Kisielewska worked in girls’ schools of various types. For twenty years, she managed schools for girls in Płock. At that time, she was a well-known and respected person. Unfortunately, today Julia Kisielewska remains practically forgotten despite her interesting biography and rich legacy.
Julia Kisielewska(1874-1943)及其对教学实践和思想的贡献:本文介绍了Julia Kisielewska(1874-1943)的简介，她是一位公关家、文学评论家、教师和社会工作者，生活和工作在19世纪和20世纪之交。此外，该研究还展示了她的生活，文学作品以及教学和社会活动中最重要的事实。她的新闻和教学活动达到了最高水平。她在青年波兰和两次世界大战之间的杂志上发表了150多篇文章，并为学校教学编写了几本历史教科书。她是一位杰出的教师、组织者和社会工作者。Kisielewska在各种类型的女子学校工作。20年来，她在Płock管理女子学校。在那个时候，她是一个知名和受人尊敬的人。不幸的是，今天的Julia Kisielewska几乎被遗忘了，尽管她有有趣的传记和丰富的遗产。
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Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.4467/24504564pmp.23.016.18245
Karol Konaszewski, Jolanta Muszyńska, Sebastian Binyamin Skalski-Bednarz, Janusz Surzykiewicz
On the Need for Empirical Research in Pedagogy: Some Reflections and Theoretical and Methodological Demands: The purpose of this article is to describe and evaluate theoretical and methodological approaches in designed empirical research in pedagogy. We point out that pedagogy and with it educational research are crucial to the overall development of various fields of study and learning as a whole. They are important because they seek to describe, understand and explain how learning takes place throughout a person’s life and how the formal and informal contexts of education affect all forms of learning at different levels (from micro to macro) of understanding educational processes. Educational research should therefore become a priority, as it plays an important role for understanding the processes of upbringing, teaching, learning, educating, etc., and their theoretical and conceptual definition and reliability testing within the framework of adequate curricula for the individual and society and the formulation of educational policy. So that pedagogical sciences guarantee the highest quality of upbringing and education in the country and can develop at the height of the international educational research. Therefore, attention should be paid to the aspects that will allow pedagogy and educational research to obtain the appropriate appropriate status in the field of domestic social sciences and humanities and, as a result, their internationalization.
{"title":"O potrzebie badań empirycznych w pedagogice: kilka refleksji i postulatów teoretyczno-metodologicznych","authors":"Karol Konaszewski, Jolanta Muszyńska, Sebastian Binyamin Skalski-Bednarz, Janusz Surzykiewicz","doi":"10.4467/24504564pmp.23.016.18245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24504564pmp.23.016.18245","url":null,"abstract":"On the Need for Empirical Research in Pedagogy: Some Reflections and Theoretical and Methodological Demands: The purpose of this article is to describe and evaluate theoretical and methodological approaches in designed empirical research in pedagogy. We point out that pedagogy and with it educational research are crucial to the overall development of various fields of study and learning as a whole. They are important because they seek to describe, understand and explain how learning takes place throughout a person’s life and how the formal and informal contexts of education affect all forms of learning at different levels (from micro to macro) of understanding educational processes. Educational research should therefore become a priority, as it plays an important role for understanding the processes of upbringing, teaching, learning, educating, etc., and their theoretical and conceptual definition and reliability testing within the framework of adequate curricula for the individual and society and the formulation of educational policy. So that pedagogical sciences guarantee the highest quality of upbringing and education in the country and can develop at the height of the international educational research. Therefore, attention should be paid to the aspects that will allow pedagogy and educational research to obtain the appropriate appropriate status in the field of domestic social sciences and humanities and, as a result, their internationalization.","PeriodicalId":350521,"journal":{"name":"Polska Myśl Pedagogiczna","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135166582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.4467/24504564pmp.23.020.18249
Wacław Branicki
The first section of the article presents axiological ethics as seen by Izydora Dąmbska. In the second section, the interpretation of Dąmbska’s moral actions and her approach to life is presented from the perspective of axiological ethics. In the third part, the specifics of the culture of narcissistic individualism are discussed as an environment that hinders the experience and understanding of emotional states that allow for the recognition of values. The last section focuses on the author’s interpretation of Dąmbska’s ethics. According to this view, feelings experienced and thought through in silence form the basis for learning values. This can inspire pedagogical efforts to effectively train the moral competence of people living in the culture of narcissistic individualism.
{"title":"Izydora Dąmbska’s ethics and the culture of narcissistic individualism","authors":"Wacław Branicki","doi":"10.4467/24504564pmp.23.020.18249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24504564pmp.23.020.18249","url":null,"abstract":"The first section of the article presents axiological ethics as seen by Izydora Dąmbska. In the second section, the interpretation of Dąmbska’s moral actions and her approach to life is presented from the perspective of axiological ethics. In the third part, the specifics of the culture of narcissistic individualism are discussed as an environment that hinders the experience and understanding of emotional states that allow for the recognition of values. The last section focuses on the author’s interpretation of Dąmbska’s ethics. According to this view, feelings experienced and thought through in silence form the basis for learning values. This can inspire pedagogical efforts to effectively train the moral competence of people living in the culture of narcissistic individualism.","PeriodicalId":350521,"journal":{"name":"Polska Myśl Pedagogiczna","volume":"65 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135168695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.4467/24504564pmp.23.023.18252
Anna Gaweł
The article presents the professional, social, and academic profile of Hanna Wentlandtowa. Her work centred around the idea of spreading education and culture, which she pursued from the interwar period to the 1980s. As an ardent patriot, she served in the structures of the Home Army during World War II. Wentlandtowa’s achievements in the field of hygiene and health education are part of the development of the modern concept of health education.
{"title":"Hanna Wentlandtowa (1906‒1994) ‒ woman-soldier, promoter of education, precursor of health education and health promotion","authors":"Anna Gaweł","doi":"10.4467/24504564pmp.23.023.18252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24504564pmp.23.023.18252","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the professional, social, and academic profile of Hanna Wentlandtowa. Her work centred around the idea of spreading education and culture, which she pursued from the interwar period to the 1980s. As an ardent patriot, she served in the structures of the Home Army during World War II. Wentlandtowa’s achievements in the field of hygiene and health education are part of the development of the modern concept of health education.","PeriodicalId":350521,"journal":{"name":"Polska Myśl Pedagogiczna","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135168427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.4467/24504564pmp.23.022.18251
Paulina Perska-Gradowska
The purpose of the article is to review the key thoughts of Natalia Han-Ilgiewicz on the causes of social maladjustment and criminal delinquency in minors, related to the family environment. The text is based on the analysis of the content of selected works and research by the Polish scholar. According to Han-Ilgiewicz, among the most important causes of social maladjustment related to the functioning of the family are inadequate child-rearing practices and contacts, lack of strong family ties, the improper structure of relations in the family, and imitation of inappropriate behaviours.
{"title":"Family determinants of social maladjustment and juvenile delinquency according to Natalia Han-Ilgiewicz","authors":"Paulina Perska-Gradowska","doi":"10.4467/24504564pmp.23.022.18251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24504564pmp.23.022.18251","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to review the key thoughts of Natalia Han-Ilgiewicz on the causes of social maladjustment and criminal delinquency in minors, related to the family environment. The text is based on the analysis of the content of selected works and research by the Polish scholar. According to Han-Ilgiewicz, among the most important causes of social maladjustment related to the functioning of the family are inadequate child-rearing practices and contacts, lack of strong family ties, the improper structure of relations in the family, and imitation of inappropriate behaviours.","PeriodicalId":350521,"journal":{"name":"Polska Myśl Pedagogiczna","volume":"20 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135166448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.4467/24504564pmp.23.002.18231
Bogusław Śliwerski
The subject of the analysis is the state of metatheoretical research concerning contemporary conservative thought in the pedagogical sciences. The lack of a philosophical syntheses of the essence of conservatism, which could provide the basis for the development of conservative pedagogy, results in the need to develop a theoretical map of thought in order to be able to recognize its different traditions and trends. The author justifies the need for synthetic research in order to create a clear map of the geography of conservative pedagogical thought, its representatives, and key publications for Polish teachers. The article also presents a critical assessment of the current state of research and research methods in this field since Poland’s political transformation of 1989. The author demands that conservatism be included in studies of pedagogical thought, to make sure it is not merely being used in ideological disputes and to ensure that its essential value is considered in the process of nurturing and educating young generations.
{"title":"Conservative pedagogy and contemporary Polish pedagogical thought","authors":"Bogusław Śliwerski","doi":"10.4467/24504564pmp.23.002.18231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24504564pmp.23.002.18231","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the analysis is the state of metatheoretical research concerning contemporary conservative thought in the pedagogical sciences. The lack of a philosophical syntheses of the essence of conservatism, which could provide the basis for the development of conservative pedagogy, results in the need to develop a theoretical map of thought in order to be able to recognize its different traditions and trends. The author justifies the need for synthetic research in order to create a clear map of the geography of conservative pedagogical thought, its representatives, and key publications for Polish teachers. The article also presents a critical assessment of the current state of research and research methods in this field since Poland’s political transformation of 1989. The author demands that conservatism be included in studies of pedagogical thought, to make sure it is not merely being used in ideological disputes and to ensure that its essential value is considered in the process of nurturing and educating young generations.","PeriodicalId":350521,"journal":{"name":"Polska Myśl Pedagogiczna","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135425489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.4467/24504564pmp.23.014.18243
Dariusz Stępkowski
The reviewed monograph presents the concept of analytical pedagogy as a new sub-discipline in the landscape of Polish scholarship on education. Its subject is intellectual pursuits consisting in categorizing, typologizing and systematizing concepts relevant to education professionals. The epistemic potential of philosophical logic provides the grounds for ordering our knowledge and thus a better handling of academic and educational work, but also discovering new and so far unexplored areas of cognition. Despite Poland’s noteworthy heritage of analytical research, such a sub-discipline is still lacking in the science(s) of education.
{"title":"On the Need for Analytical Pedagogy in Poland. A review of a monograph by Alicja Żywczok and Bogumiła Bobik, Pedagogika analityczna. Od porządkowania wiedzy naukowej do odkrywania jej nowych obszarów [Analytical Pedagogy: From Organizing Scientific Knowledge to Discovering New Domains] Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2022, ss. 156, ISBN 978-83-226-4240-5","authors":"Dariusz Stępkowski","doi":"10.4467/24504564pmp.23.014.18243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4467/24504564pmp.23.014.18243","url":null,"abstract":"The reviewed monograph presents the concept of analytical pedagogy as a new sub-discipline in the landscape of Polish scholarship on education. Its subject is intellectual pursuits consisting in categorizing, typologizing and systematizing concepts relevant to education professionals. The epistemic potential of philosophical logic provides the grounds for ordering our knowledge and thus a better handling of academic and educational work, but also discovering new and so far unexplored areas of cognition. Despite Poland’s noteworthy heritage of analytical research, such a sub-discipline is still lacking in the science(s) of education.","PeriodicalId":350521,"journal":{"name":"Polska Myśl Pedagogiczna","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135597710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-10DOI: 10.4467/24504564pmp.23.005.18234
Elwira Jolanta Kryńska
The purpose of this article is to analyze the conservative ideas that are the source of the work of the Polish White Cross in the United States of America. Consideration of this issue is desirable for several reasons. First, today’s resurgent radicalisms are causing the world that we have known for the past quarter of a century to cease to exist right before our eyes. At the same time, the European status quo has been challenged by the war steered by Putin. In this context, a question arises: Does Europe, which is in the process of “change”, still need a conservative voice? To answer this, it is worth recalling not only non-ideological ideas attempting to define the reality of the future, but also practical ones, including those from the early 20th century initiated in the U.S., which played a historical role in the building of Polish statehood, and are now a testimony to joint-Polish-American initiatives that support democratic changes in the world. The reference to these examples is all the more justified because they are based on American conservative thought, which was the source of American human rights policy in the early 20th century. Representatives of the so-called idealist trend (also called Wilsonism), proclaimed that the United States could effectively exercise its function as a world leader if its policies promoted the traditional values of protecting individual rights and freedoms. Of breakthrough importance for the Polish cause was President Thomas Woodrow Wilson’s speech of January 18, 1918, in which, defining America’s war aims, he declared that an independent Polish state must be established as a result of the war. President Wilson also authorized the recruitment of volunteers for the Polish army and their training. Since every national army has its own humanitarian unit called the Red Cross, it was felt that the Polish Army should also have one. Unfortunately, as Poland was non-existent on the map of Europe at the time, it did not participate in the founding deliberations of the international Red Cross association established in 1864 in Switzerland, and therefore did not have the right to establish its own organization under this name. For this reason, Ignacy Jan Paderewski suggested the idea of establishing the Polish White Cross (PBK), which was grounded in conservative ideas. In addition, the tradition of the Polish White Cross is worth discussing because of some opinions that volunteering in Poland was less common than in other Western countries and that Poland has no tradition of it. Meanwhile, the work of White Cross is a spectacular undertaking, unprecedented in the history of Poland, based on the principles of volunteerism, and is comparable to Poland’s current provision of relief action to hundreds of thousands of Ukrainian migrants due to Russia’s ruthless invasion. This, therefore, is another reason to recall the work of the White Cross. Unfortunately, despite the fact that almost every soldier in the Second Republic
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